Professional Documents
Culture Documents
4 AT introduction .................................................................................................................... 28
6 Disclaimer .............................................................................................................................. 37
1 Project Overview
The art industry has been an important part of the global economy and
distortions and forgery, etc. At the same time, due to the difficulty of
The birth of blockchain technology has brought a new dawn to the art
Bitcoin. It has been carrying digital asset assets in just 10 years, with capital
of more than 200 billion US dollars, its openness, de-centralizing and de-
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Artfinity is an industry-wide public chain of artwork tracing and trading
identification of AID (Artfinity ID) and IAO (Initial Assets Offering) for the
enhances the value of collectibles and reduce the costs and risks of issuers
Artfinity has already cooperated with the big names of the art industry
public chain will connect the blockchain and art industry to open a new era.
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2 Background of the project
In 2009, the first block of Bitcoin was born. A geek with the pseudonym
the Ethereum blockchain was successfully operated, and its smart contract
blockchain 2.0 era came. After experiencing the 2017 ICO boom and the
exchanges battle in 2018 and the first year of the public chain, how to make
the blockchain bring real value and innovation, has become the third-
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mechanism to maintain a complete, distributed, un-modifiable
know each other and build trust. This is of great significance for asset
System participants can know the operating rules of the system, verify the
authenticity and integrity of the book contents and the history of the book
construction, which ensures that the asset exchange data and history are
reliable and not tampered, in order to improve the traceability of the system
settlement
Real-time clearing makes the exchange data more transparent and the
The original asset registration and exchange often face the problems
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blockchain can simplify the exchange process, reduce the exchange of asset
Since all file or asset information data can be represented in the form
on the blockchain. For example, a smart contract can write an option to the
defaulted.
In 2019, the tenth year of the birth of Bitcoin, the blockchain is calling
for new assets and values to be built and run on it, to get rid of the "air
currency" doubt, and truly become the value Internet recognized by billions
of people. The physical world, after entering the digital age, also needs the
blockchain to solve the problem of trust, in order to achieve the free flow
tokenization has become the symbol of the arrival of the blockchain 3.0 era.
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2.2 Art Industry Overview
The basic components of the art market mainly include the creation,
The artwork created by the artist flow to the collectors through the agency
of the gallery or art dealer, which is the primary market for artwork trading;
the collectors resell to the auction company, and then the company sell to
scalability and growth of the art industry. The main areas include self-
owned art investment and art finance services, art market consulting, art
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2.2.1 Overview of the global art market
In 2018, the total sales of the global art market was about 67.4 billion
market in the past decade has shown positive growth for two consecutive
$35.9 billion, and sales of art and decorative art and antiques for public
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the auction market is still stable, there are large differences between
different countries and price ranges, and dealers of different sizes have also
the past decade (total annual sales of 68.2 billion US dollars), the growth of
total global art market sales in 2018 is also mainly driven by high-end
business growth, especially in the high-end market in the US. Strong. The
world's top three markets - the United States, the United Kingdom, and
China together accounted for 84% of global sales in 2018, the same as in
2017.
industry
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self-reflection, diagnosis, adjustment, and finding breakthroughs in
innovation.
and even extend to art financial products. However, in China, this market
has never formed an industrial chain system, and it is only in the period of
and poor resource circulation. From the perspective of supply and demand
conformity. On the one hand, the solution of this problem depends on the
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2.3 Art industry asset identification and circulation problems
There are serious problems in the art market, such as forgery and fake
every 1 billion art trades in China are fraudulent, and the global annual
market for forgery and fraud in art and collectibles is as high as $6 billion,
accounting for almost 1/10 of the total trade volume of art. The crisis of
trust brought about by the fraud of art has seriously restricted the healthy
not have any legal effect. In the long run, the existing identification system
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identification points of this method are difficult to describe accurately and
supervision in the art appraisal industry. There are no rules and regulations
not
At the same time, the legal construction of the Chinese art market is
relatively lagging behind, and the laws and regulations related to the
appraisal of art have not yet been introduced. It is difficult to meet the
art. Some civil engineering units and academic research institutions are
Some individuals also use the identity of appraisal and evaluation experts
to evaluate and collect fees for the public. There are many blind pursuits of
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3. “Centralized” artwork identification is very likely to cause benefit
transfer. The of the artwork and the actual value of the art have long been
Due to the sky-high profits of the art industry, institutions and sellers can
expert does not need to bear the legal responsibility for the appraisal. The
mechanisms and the lack of legal supervision. Therefore, the art industry
components, such as art insurance. Industry experts said that the Chinese
art insurance market has 1.8 billion to be developed. Although the market
reduce the damage caused to individuals after the art has some problems,
system for the art market to counter the risk of counterfeit goods.
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In the Western countries or regions where the art insurance market is
very mature, there is a very complete industrial chain, from art valuation to
revealed the serious lack of laws and regulations in the Chinese art industry
regulations.
in the art market, and the cultural relic is one of the victims. The cultural
relics industry chain mainly includes artists, cultural relics, collectors and
channels is generally above 30%, the auction channel fee is >25%, and the
is huge and cannot be split into small transactions or investment. The high
trading threshold keeps the people away and causes the problem of
circulation.
like real estate, securities, energy, and gold, but due to high transaction
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costs and high trading thresholds, they are now degraded into niche games.
If you can lower the trading threshold of cultural relics, reduce transaction
costs and improve liquidity, cultural relics will become a huge market as real
estate and become an important part of family wealth and corporate asset
allocation.
In addition, the current status of art finance is also due to the imperfect
industrial art chain. Today, the Chinese art market will surely follow the path
under the premise that the road of art asset tokenization in China has not
been consolidated, which has caused problems at all levels of the art market.
Due to the liquidity gap, the total market value of the A-share main
board is 50 trillion yuan, which is more than 10 times the market value of
the new three boards of 5 trillion yuan. When the size of the artworks is 2
integrity of cultural relics transactions, we believe that the future art market
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3 Artfinity Project Introduction
and circulation problems are solved. Specifically, Artfinity uses the Internet
generates the tokens while the art object is stored in the warehouse of the
node. The tokens storing the AID and the acceptance agreement can
exchange for the designated artwork at any time via the node. Furthermore,
the token has rich smart contracts that support financial services such as
circulation and mortgage, it also creates the new model of IAO (Initial
reduces the trust and communication costs of both parties to the art
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3.2 Artfinity technology and mechanism
characteristics
fairness of each block. The DPOS mechanism was invented by Dan Larimer
Steem and EOS, and can achieve much higher computing speeds than other
consensus mechanisms.
exorbitant right of the principal and the drift of the timestamp, at the
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implementation level, the PBFT (Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance)
algorithm is used to verify the validity of the block, considering the block
validation and persistence. For the verification of the block, the method of
all-node voting is adopted. When the new block is created, the delegate
node of the DPOS needs to wait for the voting of other nodes, instead of
having the right to write into the blockchain immediately. In the case where
the number of nodes is 3f+1 and the number of nodes with a Byzantine
fault does not exceed f, the blockchain data can guarantee consistency,
namely:
Ii. All correct nodes are either behind the longest chain or consistent
with the longest chain, and the block hashes of the same height are the
same.
At the same time, Artfinity uses the Internet of Things technology and
the tokenization nodes to complete the mapping between the physical art
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The above-mentioned DPOS+PBFT guarantees the basic functions and
technological innovations:
(similar to ASICs and CPUs) than general-purpose modules. Let's take the
a specific functional sub-chain for it. Let's take the transaction module as
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The status of the token is recorded in the Artfinity main chain, and the
the tokens. The function and interaction of the main chain and the
such as i. Locking the tokens (top up) ii. Unlocking the tokens (withdrawal).
i. The user locks the specified tokens on the main chain through the API
(token splitting by the main chain smart contract) and logically transfers it
Ii. The user completes the transaction between the tokens and other
Iii. The user unlocks the transaction through the API and logically
After the API and the communication protocol are agreed, the function
of the chain has been divided into multiple parts with a relatively low degree
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of coupling. In the implementation of Artfinity, the operation of the sub-
responsible for the block producing of the main chain and the sub-chain.
needed, the sub-chain node calls its main node APIs of the supernode.
b. layer2 structure:
consists of thousands of nodes and uses POW (proof of the work), the
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node architecture because the latter does not require consensus between
throughput is small, Some scenarios are also the best choice for scenarios
that are extremely security-sensitive. To this end, Artfinity makes the layer2
architecture design for the balance between speed and security, as shown
modules:
which can be provided by the main chain, local storage unit and external
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intermediate random numbers, etc.); h is the hash value of the calculation
provides the verification function g(p, h), where p is the calculation process
Layer2 first obtains data x from the main chain, local storage unit, and
the outside world; then completes the logical calculation (s, p, h) = f(x) and
finally the final result s and the calculation Hash h submitted to the main
the authenticity of the data on the main chain, we can provide the hash
value of the main chain data, and call the verification module g(p, h) in
1. Single node: has the fastest speed, but security and decentralization
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process is multi-stage, the real-time requirements are high, and ultimately
compromise of 1 and 3.
binding. For example, the Artfinity chain value is bound to the Bitcoin
and video data, etc.; the function extension of layer 2 mentioned in b can
In this case, we need the oracle service, that is, we need the proxy to grab
the outside world data. The problem we are most concerned with is the
(PVO).
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PVO can be regarded as an on-demand sub-chain. Its main function is
to record the situation in which the main chain calls external information,
contract S on the main chain, which calls the external data d_1,...,d_n in
order through the API provided by the PVO, the main chain produces the
block and simultaneously submits a PVO block containing the external data.
For the main chain block containing external data, the basic consensus
authenticity of the external data, which ensures the speed of the main chain
block generation. For POV blocks, each supernode j will verify its data:
For each data d_i, try to get the data d'_ij in the same way as the one
For each d_i, if more than 2/3 of the supernodes are marked as
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the raw data may be generated in real time and overwrite old data. In the
and is designed to fully serve the Aritifinity network. Before the launch of
Artfinity's main network, the tokens are deployed on the Ethereum network
in accordance with the ERC20 standard. After the main network was
as a virtual "fuel”. At the same time, each node needs to pledge no less
widely used as an exchange rate unit and medium in the payment and
of AT.
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3.2.3 Description of Trusteeship Nodes, Creation Nodes,
physical art, need to pledge not less than 500,000 AT, and need to complete
the goal of holding 100 million yuan of art assets per quarter, with 10-20
mining, asset depository, and generation of asset AID and tokens on the
blockchain;
community governance, need to pledge not less than 500,000 AT, and need
to get more than 10,000 AT address vote from no less than 50 addresses.
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on the basis of meeting the requirements of the Genesis node. 21 nodes
solution
identify the fidelity of art, Artfinity distributes the identity data of each
main chain, and truly achieves the one-to-one mapping between artwork
and token. Compared with the solution of uploading all the authentic data
into the blockchain, AID creatively proposed identity data compression and
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4 AT introduction
4.1 AT Overview
Fund Raising: 200 million, released all at the time when launching
exchange;
Foundation: 500 million, where 100 million are for ecological partners,
100 million for business activities, 300 million for community incentives,
given to the supernodes, 50 million are given to the Trusteeship nodes. The
tokens for supernodes are distributed evenly. The tokens for supernodes
are distributed according to the proportion of the holding art asset. The
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economic model depending on community consensus and token deflation,
The combustion mechanism is similar to ETH. The burned AT will enter the
4.2.2 Mining
the early stage, it can get a total of 50 million ATs of the block generation
reward.
After the trusteeship node completes the asset tokenization, the smart
contract will automatically split 1% of the assets equally into all the genesis
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4.2.4 Node locking, vote staking
As mentioned above, the trusteeship node, the genesis node and the
supernode all need to lock the position of not less than 500,000 AT. In
addition, in the node election campaign, the node operator and the user
can vote using the AT tokens in hand. And the major issues of the
community are also need voting, the AT being used in voting can not flow
freely.
trusteeship, traceability of asset, data inquiry, etc., is the exchange rate unit,
and will soon become the transaction pair of the AT ecosystem in the
cooperative exchange;
on the blockchain.
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4.4 AT investment value
As the pioneer of the art asset tokenization, Artfinity pioneered the IAO
Specifically, art collectors can use the Artfinity's trusteeship node to put
assets into inventory to get the artwork token and then initiates the offering
to the community through the smart contract on the Artfinity platform, thus
surely be sought after by numerous art publishers and collectors. And IAO's
locking leads to scarcity, the scarcity leads to the price increase, and the
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With the gradual development of Artfinity's ecology, the excellent
art investors and collectors to tokenize artwork and trade them. The art
number of ATs. After this part of the fuel enters the miner's reward pool, it
will not immediately flow into the secondary market. Since this part of the
fuel is purchased by the user from the secondary market, the buying power
is greater than the selling power, which will lead to an increase in the AT
price. And the benchmark effect of AT price growth will bring confidence to
addition to the mining revenue, the trusteeship node will also obtain
valuable assets, and a certain amount of locked token will become a ticket
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general POS type public chain’s hold-and-get-interest pattern. The
income comes from the assets being held. There will be no inflation on the
tokens, so it will not consume new inflows into the secondary market. This
excess return will fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the market, form a buying
trend and increase the price of AT. The increase in the price of AT has
allowed the nodes that previously locked the tokens to obtain more
revenue. Motivated by this two ways, there will be more value investors
competing to become the nodes of the AT, further leading to the AT’s
cycle.
expand the ecological scene. As the total amount of AT is fixed, once the
new scene adopts the model of profit repurchase, token dividend, and
growth drivers. In the future, holding AT will not only be a symbol of wealth,
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5 Artfinity governance mechanism
number of people that use for profit. Therefore, the Artfinity Foundation
development team.
Compliance Risk Control Committee, and the Market and Public Relations
follows:
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(2) Application Committee: Responsible for the application scenario
after the launch of Artfinity, the verification of the tokenized data, the
tokenized asset.
(3) Finance Committee: Responsible for the conversion and use of legal
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5.2 related responsibilities
The annual report is prepared and disclosed within three months from
the date of each fiscal year. Reports include, but are not limited to,
performance, etc.
involving Artfinity.
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6 Disclaimer
Any similar offer or levy will be made under a trusted clause and with the
applicable securities laws and other relevant laws, and the above
of any purchase or sale, or any invitation to buy or sell any form of securities,
- The purchase of AT means that the participants have reached the age
standard and have the complete civil capacity, and the contract with
Artfinity is true and effective. All participants voluntarily signed the contract
and had a clear and necessary understanding of Artfinity before signing the
understands and accepts the risk of the project and is willing to bear the
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- The Artfinity team will continue to make reasonable attempts to
ensure that the information in this white paper is true and accurate. During
the development process, the platform may be updated, including but not
new white paper as the project progresses. The team will post the update
white papers and adjust their decisions in a timely manner based on the
the contents of this document, (ii) inaccuracies in this document, and (iii)
- The team will spare no effort to achieve the goals mentioned in the
document, but based on the existence of force majeure, the team cannot
after the application falls. It may not have any value, the team does not
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- Artfinity expressly disclaims any direct or indirect damages from any
- AT token fluctuation risk: When the AT enters the market, the price
may rise or fall, and the fluctuation of the market price may cause losses;
Internet technology. The current regulatory policies are not clear about the
more likely to be exposed, including but not limited to various risks such as
technical R&D failure, serious brain drain, financial loss, and business model
theft. Participants should be fully aware of the risks associated with project
operations;
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- Digital Asset Security Risk: Blockchain As a new Internet technology,
there have been many precedents for digital assets and exchanges being
stolen. Therefore, participants in this project must be aware that the digital
assets and the tokens of this project are lost, missing, and hacked, and these
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