HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS (HRB)

What is a High-Rise Building?

As defined “a building with an
occupied floor located more than
75 feet (22.86m) above the lowest
level of the Fire Department vehicle
access”.
As defined by the Fire Code of the
Philippines, “buildings 15 meters in
height, measured from ground
level to the floor of the topmost
storey.
ELECTRICAL
SYSTEM
Electrical systems in these buildings
begin at a step-
down provided by the
utility company and located within
or very close to the
Each voltage pair has a separate
distribution system of wiring leading
from the meters and master
switches to panels,
where it is further broken down into
circuits similar to residential uses.
Because high-voltage wiring is
considered hazardous, the switches
controlling overhead lighting use lower
voltages, and each heavy machine has
its own fused switch.
These wireways can be either
rectangular metal tubes inserted into
the slab before pouring or
closed cells of formed steel deck; the
wireways are tapped where desired to
provide convenience outlets at floor
level.
HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS ( HRB )
The Demands on Electrical Planning.
❑ - A higher level of safety.
❑ - A higher level of redundancy and selectivity.
❑ - A higher level of flexibility on the entire life cycle.
❑ - A low level of environmental pollution.
❑ - Integration of renewable energies.
❑ - Low costs (construction and operations).
A.
TYPES OF (HRB)
DEVELOPMENT.
TYPES OF (HRB) DEVELOPMENT

1. Residential Buildings.
- residential condominium buildings and serviced-apartments.
2. Commercial and Retail Developments.
- office buildings and shopping malls.
3. Mixed-used Developments.
- combination of residential, hotel, office, and retail development.
4. Institutional Buildings.
- hospitals, school campus and universities, and headquarters.
B.
Factors Affecting the
Redevelopment of a
Facility.
Factors Affecting the Redevelopment of a
Facility.
1. General Factors.
❑ a. Maximized lot area, location, zoning, land use and
local ordinances.
❑ b. Market forces and demand, project cost and budget.
❑ c. Availability of resources and time schedule.

2. Engineering Design Factors.

❑ Existing Building conditions and limitations.
❑ Available technology and innovation.
❑ Fire and Life safety aspects.
❑ Operations and maintenance (O&M) issues.
❑ Engineering economics and return of investment (ROI).
❑ Occupational health and environmental impact.
❑ Maximizing existing equipment, upgrade or expansion.
MECHANICAL SYSTEM
Mechanical system is a that
uses to apply forces and control
Any service using machines. movement to perform an intended
They action. Machines can be driven by
include , , , animals and people, by natural forces
and and such as wind and water, and by
systems. chemical, l, or electrical power,
The introduction of mechanization in and include a system
buildings in the early 20th century of that shape the actuator
brought about major adjustments; the input to achieve a specific application
new equipment of output forces and movement.
demanded space, and the design They can also include computers and
team began to include electrical sensors that monitor performance and
and HVAC (heating, , and plan movement, often
called
air-conditioning) engineers.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
PLANNING IN BUILDING

Mechanical systems in a building must be ❑ Plumbing (pipes, sewer, fixtures,

designed expertly to water, etc.)
. There are multiple mechanical ❑ Elevators
systems to consider when planning a
building project, all of which are
❑ HVAC (heating, ventilating, air
conditioning)
important. All of the systems should be
running smoothly together. ❑ Fire response systems (sprinklers)

Each of these systems must be designed to work with the others seamlessly. If they aren’t planned
correctly, you’ll deal with issues in the future. Avoid that by making sure you have a professional who
will plan your mechanical systems efficiently.
different types of mechanical system

The mechanical system includes many different types

of assets, such as:

❑ Pumps
❑ Valves
❑ Fans mechanical system
❑ Boilers design?
❑ Hot water tanks The increase in global
competition creates a demand
❑ Air conditioning for better efficiency and
equipment. functionality as well as engineers
who can develop
advanced mechanical systems,
production equipment,
machines and other products.
HVAC SYSTEM
(HEATING, VENTILATION, AIR-
CONDITIONING
HVAC SYSTEM

is the technology of indoor and vehicular

HVAC is an important part of residential
environmental comfort. structures such as single family homes,
Its goal is to provide and apartment buildings, hotels and senior
acceptable living facilities, medium to large
industrial and office buildings such
HVAC system design is a subdiscipline as and hospitals, vehicles
of , based on the such as cars, trains, airplanes, ships and
principles of submarines, and in marine
environments, where safe and
and " “
conditions are regulated with
is sometimes added to the field's abbreviation, respect to temperature and humidity,
as HVAC&R or HVACR or "ventilation" is dropped, using fresh air from outdoors.
as in HACR (as in the designation of HACR-
rated ).
HVAC
Ventilating or (the V in HVAC) is the
process of exchanging or replacing air in any Ventilation includes both the exchange of air to
space to provide high indoor air quality which the outside as well as circulation of air within the
involves temperature control, oxygen building. It is one of the most important factors for
replenishment, and removal of moisture, odors, maintaining acceptable indoor air quality in
smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, carbon buildings.
dioxide, and other gases. Ventilation removes
unpleasant smells and excessive moisture,
ventilating a building may be divided
introduces outside air, keeps interior building air
into mechanical/forced and types.
circulating, and prevents stagnation of the interior
air.
5 reasons why HVAC systems visibility needed
Commercial buildings account for more than 35 percent of the total energy consumption. In most of those structures,
heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems consume more than 30 percent of the total energy use.

As HVAC systems have
become complex, non-linear
and dynamic, facility
managers are increasingly
using building management
systems to collect data about
the performance of the
building, as well as energy
consumption by individual
equipment such as HVAC
systems.
1. Comfort of indoor environment
2. Energy efficiency
3. Improve indoor air quality
The fact remains that fresh air is good for the body,
and in commercial buildings, it helps improve
productivity. A good ventilation system helps to reduce
the number of pollutants, bacteria and odor in a facility.
will provide visibility into your HVAC system with
sufficient accuracy that will help you take corrective
action and reduce the energy demands and peak load
distribution of your HVAC systems.
This visibility into the data can help adjust your HVAC
system to improve the air quality. You can develop a
maintenance plan that includes:
Inspection, serving, and cleaning
Replacement of parts
Documentation of procedures
Calibration of components control system
Con’t
HVAC systems often operate at suboptimal levels at least 40
4. Preventive maintenance percent of the time in buildings. This is due to the complexity
of the buildings, as well as many moving parts like fans,
pumps, air-conditioners, ventilators and dampeners.
following problems of your HVAC system:
• Additional runtime
• Poor control settings and programming errors
• Stuck dampers causing excess outside air intake
• Valve leakage leading to uncontrolled supply-air temperatures
• Outright equipment failure

provide essential insights to help with monitoring,

controlling and maintaining your HVAC systems. In the
5. Actionable insights absence of this type of information, facility managers
physically perform manual audits that are inefficient and
time-consuming.
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF HVAC UNITS
Heating and Cooling Split Systems
The most common types of HVAC systems are the heating
and cooling split systems. As the name would imply, the
system is split between two main units, one for heating and
one for cooling.
These types of HVAC units have a cooling system outside,
which uses refrigerant, compressors and coils to cool air,
and a fan to blow out hot air. These are usually the large
AC units placed outside the home, which run during the
summer.
The heating and cooling split systems also has a heater,
usually located in a basement or other storage space,
which uses gas to heat the house.
Hybrid Split System
A hybrid system types of HVACs are similar the split
systems, but with some key differences.
These systems are on the rise due to their ability to
mitigate energy costs through their electric hybrid
heating system, which differentiates them from the
other types of HVAC systems.
This system uses traditional ducts, as well as thermostats,
and provides all the benefits of a split system, but with the
added option to conserve energy, and lessen utility bills.
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF HVAC UNITS
Duct Free (Mini-Split)
A duct-free, or mini-split system is a unique system with
large upfront costs, but big benefits for certain needs and
applications. These types of HVAC units are individual units
in each room, providing greater independent control.
These systems to require regular and intensive cleaning
and maintenance, which is important to keep up with as
the cost of total repairs and replacements are expensive.
Packaged Heating and Air
Out of all the types of HVAC units, packaged
Heating and Air is the most niche.
he system is a contained heating and air unit, that is
stored within the house. It is usually kept in an attic
or top floor storage space, and serves to both cool
and heat a house.
They are generally used in warmer climates, since the
heating system is not as powerful as other options. The
heat is generally electrically generated, but other
forms can combine gas and electric abilities.
WHY IS HVAC IMPORTANT?

As HVAC systems have become

complex, non-linear and dynamic,
facility managers are increasingly
using building management
systems to collect data about the
performance of the building, as well
as energy consumption by
individual equipment such as HVAC
systems.
Republic Act No. 9514
This Act shall be known as the “Fire
Code of the Philippines of 2008”.
It is the policy of the State to ensure public safety, promote
economic development through the prevention and
suppression of all kinds, of destructive fires, and promote
the professionalization of the fire service as a profession.
Towards this end, the State shall enforce all laws, rules and
regulations to ensure adherence to standard fire
prevention and safety measures, and promote
accountability in the fire protection and prevention
service.
SPRINKLER SYSTEM IN HIGH RISE BUILDINGS
 FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

IMPLEMENTING RULES AND REGULATIONS (IRR) OF REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9514

OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE “FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES OF 2008”
 FIRE PROTECTIVE AND FIRE SAFETY DEVICE

Any device intended for the protection of buildings or

persons to include, but not limited to, built-in protection
system such as sprinklers and other automatic
extinguishing system, detectors for heat, smoke and
combustion products and other warning system
components, personal protective equipment such as
fire blankets, helmets, fire suits, gloves and other
garments that may be put on or worn by persons to
protect themselves during fire.
 SPRINKLER SYTEMS

An integrated network of hydraulically designed piping

system installed in a building, structure or area with
outlets arranged in a systematic pattern which
automatically discharges water when activated by
heat or combustion products from a fire.
 SPRINKLER SYTEMS

SECTION 10.2.9.7 SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR

FLEXIBLE PLAN AND OPEN PLAN BUILDINGS

1. Any flexible plan building or open plan building in

which the travel distance to exits exceeds forty six
(46) meters shall have approved, supervised
sprinkler systems in accordance with Section
10.2.6.5 of this IRR. Such systems shall be electrically
interconnected with the school fire alarm system.

2. Automatic fire suppression systems shall be modified

to conform with partition changes. Modification plans
shall have prior approval of the City/Municipal Fire
Marshal.
 SECTION 10.2.14.6 HIGH RISE BUILDINGS

All business occupancy buildings fifteen (15) meters or

more in height shall be provided throughout with approved,
supervised sprinkler system, fully electrically supervised
designed in accordance with NFPA 13: Standard for the
Installation of Sprinklers (latest edition); or shall be designed
with a system that will provide equivalent safety. Building
height shall be measured from the ground level to floor of
the topmost storey.

In addition to the above requirements, all buildings

regardless of height shall comply with other applicable
provisions of the Fire Code of the Philippines and this IRR.
SECTION 10.2.19.4 SPRINKLER SYSTEMS PROTECTION

High rise buildings shall be protected with approved,

supervised sprinkler systems designed and installed in
accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for Installation of
Sprinkler Systems. The approved, supervised sprinkler
systems must protect all floor spaces including every
closet and concealed spaces and plenums of certain
configuration and construction – particularly where
combustible materials are located such as exposed
electrical wiring, combustible duct work, and
combustible sound/thermal insulation. The system shall
be interconnected to a fire command center of the
building.
TYPES OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
 WET PIPE SYSTEMS

They are comprised of pipes that constantly contain pressurized water. When an
individual sprinkler in the system is activated by heat from fire, the automatic,
closed-type sprinkler head immediately discharges water onto the fire. As more
individual sprinkler heads are subsequently activated by heat, they too will
discharge water onto the fire until it is controlled or extinguished.
 DRY PIPE SYSTEMS

Pipes are filled with pressurized air or nitrogen, rather than water. This air holds a
remote valve, known as a dry pipe valve, in a closed position. Located in a heated
space, the dry-pipe valve prevents water from entering the pipe until a fire causes
one or more sprinklers to operate. Once this happens, the air escapes and the dry
pipe valve releases. Water then enters the pipe, flowing through open sprinklers
onto the fire.
 PRE-ACTION SYSTEMS

Pre-action fire sprinkler systems employ the basic concept of a dry pipe system in
that water is not normally contained within the pipes. The difference, however, is
that water is held from piping by an electrically operated valve, known as a pre-
action valve. Valve operation is controlled by independent flame, heat, or smoke
detection.
 DELUGE SYSTEM

Used in places that are considered high hazard areas such as power plants, aircraft
hangars and chemical storage or processing facilities, this delivers large quantities
of water, discharges water from all heads immediately.
THANKS!