3.

1 PREVIOUS SCENARIOS OR CONDITION

As a consequence of the double impacts of human interference and climate change,

the wetland territory on the planet has been diminishing and the wetland quality has
been weakening. Davidson gave an astonishing fact that wetlands around the world had
degraded by about 87% since 1700 in data existing regions, and the degradation mainly
occurred in the 20th and early 21st centuries. Dugan and OECD (Organization for Economic
Co-operation and Development) estimated that the world had lost 50% of its wetlands since
1900. (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6571829/). Now I am emphasising
the previous scenario of the degradation of the freshwater wetlands in three typical country
in the below:

ASIA: In 2014, The NRSCC has found that the total area of 20 wetland sites in Asia
decreased by about 1% between 2001 and 2013 for insufficient water supply and climate
change. The Sanjiang Plain which is a largest natural marsh wetland distribution areas of
China had fallen dramatically by 79.4% because of agriculture reclamation and the reduction
of water supply from 1954 to 2015.
(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6571829/)

UNITED STATES: Because the main European pilgrims showed up, practically 95% of
the wetlands have been annihilated in North America. As to create farming and salt
industry, they attacked the wetland first, at that point expelled the vegetation,
assembled embankments to deplete the wetland, and in the end caused fast corruption
of the wetlands. In NRSCC's investigation, the absolute wetland zone of 20 Ramsar
Sites in South America has diminished by 0.26 million between 2001 to 2013, for the
most part in marshes and lake.
(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6571829/)

EUROPE: In NRSCC's analysis, the all out wetland territory of 10 Ramsar Sites in
Europe has diminished by 3% between 2001 to 2013, for the most part in swamps and
lakes.12 % of the lakes and 34% of the seasonal swamps have damaged into non-wetlands.
Between 2001 to 2013, the rural zones in the area expanded by 10%. What's more, over the
top groundwater extraction represented an enormous danger to the lakes.
(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6571829/)

AFRICA: In NRSCC's exploration, the complete wetland territory of 30 Ramsar Sites in

Africa has diminished only 2,000 hectares, be that as it may, wetland environment
degeneration is progressively genuine. Seventeen percent of the stream wetlands and 20%
of the inland flood wetlands have debased into non-wetlands, and numerous other wetland
types have additionally corrupted. The Lake Chad, an African transnational lake, suffered a
9% drop in lake surface and an 89% drop in seasonal herbaceous swamps between 2001 to
2013, which mainly due to the drought climate and drainage irrigation.
(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6571829/)