Non-equivalence of highschool equivalents (GED)

 ALS
 No cheap sub for hs educ/schooling
 Exam certified equivalents are not equivalent to HS grad in terms of
o Ability measure in military psychometric test
o Wages and hours of work
o Post-certification educ and training decisions (pursue further training?)
o Unemployment and job tenure
 Multivar regression models
o Direct effect of cert
o Indirect
o Longitudinal
o Evidence
 GED growth
o Govt subsidy policies

Mandatory Seatbelt Law

 Test effect of seatbelt law to fatalities

 Cross check compensating behaviour
o More secure w/ seatbelt
o Negative externality to others
 Seatbelt law usage rate beneficial in reducing fatalities?
 What aspect of legislation are effective
o Primary enforcement- huli because not wearing seatbelt
o secondary enforcement- pwedeng mahuli for seatbelt if u get stopped for another
violation (speeding etc)
 METHOD
o Panel
o All states have adopted law
o USAGE RATES
o 2 part regression
 1st part – usage rate and traffic fatalities
 Year fixed effects
 Occupant fatalities and non-occupant fatalities as DV
 2 part – factors that make seatbelt law effective
nd

 Laws are diff in states

 Primary vs second
 RESULTS
o Seatbelt use on occupant fatalities
 Simple OLS: positive and significant on usage (endogeneity)
 FIXED EFFECTS: negative & significant
 LESSER CASUALTIES
o Seatbelt use on nonoccupant fatalities
 FIXED EFFECTS: negative & significant
 More mindful and drive carefully
 LESSER CASUALTIES
o Feature of the law
 Primary enforcement more effective