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    21 views14 pages

    Nâ°11 Fuels

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    ironite

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    DES MACHINES A COMBUSTION }) \ INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL / ON COMBUSTION ENGINES CONSEIL INTERNATIONAL / RECOMMENDATIONS REGARDING FUEL REQUIREMENTS FOR DIESEL ENGINES Al Vv Poss RECOMMANDATIONS CONCERNANT LES EXIGENCES DES COMBUSTIBLES LIQUIDES POUR MOTEURS DIESEL CIMAC Number 11 1990 INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL ON COMBUSTION ENGINES CONSEIL INTERNATIONAL DES MACHINES A COMBUSTION CIMAC is an international organisation, founded in 1950 by @ Franch initiative, promoting technical and scientific knowledge in the field of internal combustion engines (piston engines and gas turbines). This is achieved by organising congresses and working groups, ‘tis supported by engine manufacturers, engine users, technical universities, research institutes, component suppliers, fuel and lubricating olf suppliers and several other interested parties. The national member associations are listed in the ‘back of this publication, as are previous CIMAC Re- commendations. Secretary General Mr. P. Davies, The Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 1 Birdcage Walk, Westminster, London SW1H WJ, United Kingdom, Tel, 44-71-222.7899 Teletax 4d-71-222.4857 \ INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL ON COMBUSTION ENGINES CONSE!IL INTERNATIONAL /. DES MACHINES A COMBUSTION RECOMMENDATIONS REGARDING FUEL REQUIREMENTS FOR DIESEL ENGINES THIRD EDITION‘) RECOMMANDATIONS CONCERNANT LES EXIGENCES DES COMBUSTIBLES LIQUIDES POUR MOTEURS DIESEL TROISIEME EDITION’) *| The tirst edition was published in professional magazines in January 1982, the second as CIMA Recommendations nr. 8, 1986. *} La promiére édition a é%é publiée dans la presse spécialisée en Janvier 1982, la deuxleme comme Recommandations CIMAG nr, 8, 1986, This cocument has been elaborated by the Working Group Heavy Fuel and approved by the Permanent Commitiee on 15 May 1990. Le present documenta été élabore par le Groupe de Travail Combustibles Lourds ot approuve par le Comité Permanent le Mai 15 1990, SIMAC assumes no legal responsibility for any consequence of the application of these Recommendations. Le CIMAG n'accepte aucune responsabilité légaie pour toutes conséquences concemant |'application de ces Recommandations. CONSEIL INTERNATIONAL DES MACHINES A COMBUSTION PARTICIPANTS of the Working Group “Heavy Fuels” Members Mr J.H. Wesselo chairman) Dr U. Agnelli Mr G, Athenstaaa! Dr Baer Mr D, Bastenhot Mr €rikeson Prof. G Fiskae Or H. Fujita Mr. Grone Dr. Havenith Mr F.P. Holbrook ir. Konrad Me ¥. Miki McH, Niven Mir. Mt Mr 2. Pokiewsky-Koziell Me R.A, Rudsrud MrH. Siéberg Price Pormanent Guests (experts) Mr B.A. Carpenter Mr. Fledier Mr P.J. Newbery MrAP. Orme Mr K. Wilbraham Acknowledgements Useful contributions were given by: Or. Davenport Mr A.A. Wright Stork-Wartsilé Diesel BV. Diesel Ricerche Sp. AVL Technical University Delft SEMT PieistickiG E M.T Alfa-Laval Norw. inst. of Technology Japan Internal Gombustion Engine Federation MAN-B&W Klockner Humboldt Deutz A.G. FOBAS, Lloyds Register of Sripping MBS Diesel (Suizer) Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Europe Ricardo Midlands Electricity Board Z.P.M.H. Cegielski Bergesen Group Wartsiba Diesel Mobil Oil Company Lto F.M.C. Kiel Veritas Petroleum Sorvice (DnV} British Petroleum Shell Int. Petroleum predecessor of Mr J. Wilbraham colleague of Mr R.P. Holbrock INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL ON COMBUSTION ENGINES Netherlani aly Austria Netherlancs France Sweden Norway Japan Denmark W. Germany United Kingdom Switzerland Japan United Kingdom United Kingdom Poland Norway Finland United Kingdom W. Germany Norway United Kingdom United Kingdom CONSEIL INTERNATIONAL DES MACHINES A COMBUSTION INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL ON COMBUSTION ENGINES SUMMARY ‘These Recommendations are a further development of earlier CIMAG publications In respect of fuel requirements and although stilf based on the International Standards Organisation ~ Specification of Marine Fuels - ISO 8217; 1987, are in some respocts more restrictive and include a number of additional characteristics, Adgitionat in‘ormation is also given regarcing fuel grade selection criteria and the backgrounc to some of the less clearly defined characteristics which govern ual quality SOMMAIRE Les recommandations complétent les précédentes publications CIMAG détinissant des limites pour les caractéristiques des fiouls. Bien que basées sur les spécifications |.S.0. paur las flouls marins ~ SO 8217. 1987 ~ces recommandetions, parfois plus restrictives, introduisent de nouvelles caractéristiques. Aussi, les critéres sélectifs pour les classes de fiouls sont précisés. En arriére plan, on donne des informations Sur certaines des caraciéristiques les moins blen définies ayant une importance sur la qualité du fioul CONTENTS Page Historical Background Scope Relation between CIMAC Requirements and ISO Standard General requirements Sampling Test methods Precision and interpretation of test results 8. Selection of fuel grades Table: Requirements ‘or distillate fuols Requirements for residual fuels Appendix: addtional information cegarding some properties Total sediment after ageing 2 Aluminium’ Siison 3. Ignition properties HISTORICAL BACKGROUND The decreasing quality of residual fuels, experienced worldwide in the past two decades, andthe economic incentive to operate larger diesel engines virtually exclusively with low grade fuels, have resulted in an increasing demand for an internationally accopted fuel specification The first action to obtain such a marine fuel specification was taken by the British ‘Standards Institution (BSI) and resulted in the BS-MA 100: 1982 standard. Simultaneously, the CIMAC working group on “Future Fuels began to prepare requirements for resicual fuels, spectiically for diesel engines, These requirements were published in the professional magazines in January 1982 IMAC continued its work to develop, requirements for heavy fuels, published as GIMAG Recommendations Volume 8 in 1886. Io ‘the meantime BS! introduced a proposal for 2 new international standard to be approved by 4. the international Organisation for Standardization, This has led to ISO 8217: 1987, the first and until now only international standard on heavy fuel, also reptacing the original BS-MA 100: 1982 standard Further efforts by all concerned with fuel specifications have led to these new Recommendations (nr 11) for Fuel Requirements by CIMAC which now supercede Recommendations Volume &. SCOPE ‘The scope of the CIMAG recommendations is 5, intended to cover all fuels for marine and stationary diesel engines. The requirements apply to the fuel as delivered. The recommendations are intended primarily for use by the engine manufacturers in their manuals. This allows engine users to specity fuels suitable for engine type and fuel treatment plant. They are published by the central CIMAC secrotariat from which al interested parties can obtain copies. ‘The recommendations will be periodically reviawed and revised when necessary RELATION BETWEEN CIMAC REQUIREMENTS AND ISO SPECIFICATIONS The scope of the two requirements differs because ISO covers marine fuels for steam boilers as well as for diesel engines. The difference can be shown as follows: Iso cimac Marine installations Diesel engines: = Diese! engin' ~ Marine ~ Steam boilers, installations = Land based installations Whereas ISO. as an olticial standards ‘organisation. can only specity characteristics for which official test procedures exist, CIMAC. can and may Sometimes rely on proposed or proprietary test methods However, CIMAG ensures that there are no conflicting requirements, and thus there is @ common basis between CIMAC and |SO specifications. All grades and the system of designation are comparable and every CiIMAG grade is an ISO grade with some additional or more stringent requirements GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ‘The fuels shali be homogeneous mixtures of hydrocerbors derived from petroleum. This shall nct preciude the incorporation of small ‘amounts of additives intended to improve ‘some aspects of performance: The tue| shalt not contain contaminants from non-petroleum sources (such as inorganic acids and alkalines) other than those particularly mentioned in the specification The proporties of the fuels shall not exceed the meximum values nor be less than the minimum values set out in the tables. SAMPLING ‘Sampling of fuels for analysis should be carried outin accordance with the procedures given in I$03170. Acditional information on ‘sampling procedures are given in IMAC. Recommendations nr. 9 for Heavy Fue! Treatment. TEST METHODS The following test methods should be used to determine compliance with the requirements Density: 180 3675—Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products — Laboratory determination of density or relative density Hydrometer method. This method is to be used ata temperature between 50°C and 60°C and the hydrometer readings converted to 15°C Using ASTM table 538 referred to in ISO 91/1 Kinematic viscosity: 1S0 8104 ~Petroleum products —Transparent 63. 64. 65. 68. ey. 68. 63. 6.10. eat 612 613. 6.14, 6.16. and opaque liquids ~ Determination of kinematic viscosity and calculation of dynamic viscosity. Flash point 180 2719. Petroleum products ~ Determination of lash point. Pensky-Martens closed cup method. Pour point: 150 3016 ~ Petroleum oils ~ Determination of pour point. Cloud point: 150.3015, Petroleum oils~ Determination of cloud point. Carbon Residue: Grades OX and DA: 1S0 4262, Petroleum products — Determination of carbon residue ~ Ramsbottom method Allother grades: ASTM D 4530: Determination of Microcarbon residue. ISO 10370 (provisional) Ash: 180 6245~ Petroleum products ~ Determination of ash Sediment by extraction 180 8735, Crude petroleum and fuel oils ~ Determination of sediment— Extraction method. Total sediment after ageing (potential): IP 375/86’. Total sediment in residual fuel oils. ‘The method IP 390 (proposed ISO 10307) gives two procedures for ageing fuel samples which, when used in combination with IP 375, determine the increase in sediment aiter heating (see appendix, section 1). water 180 3733 ~ Petroleum products and bituminous materials — Determination of water ~ Distillation method. Cetane index: 180 4262 and IP 380/86" Calculated Cetane Index by four variable equation. Cotane number ISO 5165, Diesel fuels — Determination of Ignition quality —Cetane Method. Visual inspection (qual tative) ASTM D 4176, "Free water and particulate contamination” Sulphur: 180 8754, Petroleum products ~ Determination of sulphur contant~ Non-dispersive X-ray fluorescence method, Vanadium: DIN 51790 (July 1978), part. 1 and 2, Proposed IS 8691 6.18, Aluminium + Silicon IP 377/88", proposed ISO 10478, Determination of Aluminium + Silicon (see also appendix, section 2) Note: Ignition properties No generally accepted test method is currently available for residual fuels (see appendix, section) 7. PRECISION AND THE INTERPRETA- TION OF TEST RESULTS ‘The majority of methods, specitied in section 8, contain a statement of precision (repeatability and reproducibility for each test. Attention is drawn ta ISO 4258 ~ Petroleum Products: “Determination and Application of Precision Data in Relation to Methods of Test”. This procecure shall be used in all cases of d'spute Itis accepted thatin same cases the reproduceability can load to daviations which are larger than the value of tne actual limit. 8. SELECTION OF FUEL GRADES a) Distillate grades: DX isa fuel which is suitable for use at ambient temperatures dawn to-15°C without heating the fuel. In merchant marine applications, its use is restricted to lifeboat engines and certain emergency equipment due to reduced flash point DA isahigh quality distillate, generally designated MGO (Marine Gas Gil) in the marine field, DB ie. goneral purpose fuel which may contain trace amounts of residual fue! and Is intended for engines not specifically designed to burn residual 4uels. Itis generally cesignated MDO (Marine Diesel Oil) in the marine field, DC ‘sa fuel which can contain a significant proportion of residual fuel Consequently itis unsuitable for installations where engine or fuel treatment plant are not designed for the use of residual fuels, b) Residual grades: A10and 8 10 are available tor operation atiow ambient temperatures in installations without storage tank heating, where a our point lower than 24 or 30°C is necessary Of these two grades A 10 has a lower density and a minimum viscosity to Increase the probability of good Ignition properties Tho range of © 10 up to H 55 are fuels, intended for treatmentby a conventionat purifier-clarifier centrifuge system. Generally the highest viscosity, allowed by the heating capacity of the installation and the maximum temperature, allowed by the engine design, should be used, except when other parameters take precedence over viscosity in selecting tne fuet grade, Of hese grades, E 25nasa inimurn viscosity limitto increase the probability of reasonable ignition properties. K 35, K 48 and K 55 ‘are only for use in installations with centrifuges specially designed for higher density fuels. GS ( oe } Requirements 190 or ast fuels for diesel engines (as delivered) £8 a Designation: CIMAG-| OX OA 03 00%) Related to 150 8217 Mx DMA, OMB DMC Characteristic Dim limit 7 some Residual inclusion none none trace allowed Density at 1550 kgm? max ~ 690 ‘900 20 Kinematic est) | max 585 6 1 14 | viscosity at 40°C min 1a 18 25 [Flash point SS Sy SE Ge GL OL 9 900k 18 eu | = 60h (fquo uojeuzoju 4}) sey so08in yuoyeainba oyeunxosddy (, ¢ Uoqoes ‘xipuedde aas s0;v0do1d uoKUBy 0 oe oe we 0 wow | OyOw | dooms +uimuiryy 08 009 ove | os | ove | ose | ooe 8 ew | yb nipouen [os 8 “os os ov oe ew way) %|——anyding OF oF oF ob 080 050 we AIA) % ae ns Bujabe seye ovo avo ove ovo ovo ove xew {uu} yuouuipes eo sho ee so | oo | oo ovo xew fara) % sy a wz wz a | o ls fw | a “) xeu usu) %) ——anpysy uoqueg L - oe o oe oe oc | ve 3 xew | 96 10d nog 08 08 09 08 we 09 uu | O wed yseia zi = : ee (91001 8 Ausoosia ci oy ce ae ob ou xe (aso oneweuly aor | roo | oro | te | oir 180 169 086 316 036 xew |

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