Growing and finish Brahman Cattle (Bos indicus) under restricted and continuous grazing (Brachiaria brizantha) and

suplement
with poultry layer excretes, on Simón Planas Municipality, Lara State
Gustavo Nouel Borges, Jesús Rojas Castellanos, María Alvarado Rojas
and Fernando Villasmil
Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Decanato de Agronomía, Departamento de Producción Animal, Unidad de Investigación en
Producción Animal, email: gustavonouel@ucla.edu.ve
Summary
The present trial was carried out in private farm located in the Municipality Simón Planas, Lara State to evaluates growing and finish cattle
Brahman(Bos indicus) for meat production (live weight and carcass), coming from different farms, which were managed under restricted and
continuous (8 h/d) grazing Brachiaria brizantha, in acid not very fertile soils, and supplement, to freedom, with mixes of 38.51% poultry layer
excretes, 46.37% thick flour of corn by-products, 13.81% molasses and 1.31% of mineral salt (salt:sulfur, 4:1), offered (16 h/d) in 2 pens.
The 168 animals coming from growing up to farm of the same Municipality(CR), to breeding farm (Yaracuy State;Y) and from the same
farm(CT) were distributed random in two groups: G1, 26(CR), 24(CY) and 34(CT) and G2, 25(CR), 24(CY) and 35(CT) animals. The
following results for CR, CY and CT, respectively, were found: Final weight, 478.66a, 445.91b and 470.18a Kg(p=0.0000); daily weight gain
(DWG), 0.779a, 0.701b and 0.748abkg(p=0.0181); carcass weight, 274.52a, 252.26b and 269.45akg(p=0.0000); duration from growth to
termination, 212.73ab, 204.14b and 216.32ª days(p=0.0337); value of the carcass, 384332a 353158b and 377226a Bs (p=0.0000); live
weight valued; 803.47a, 792.24b and 802.25a Bs/Kg(p=0.0214) and gross margin, 162948a, 140808b and 160535aBs/animal(p=0.0000).
The initial cost (Bs/animal) was not significant (p=0.0623). The obtained results indicates you that benefits exist when cattle Brahmin were
supplemented with poultry layer it excretes during the growing up and to finishing phase, when they eats from the same farm, where they
grew up are compares with those coming from others farms of different agroecological conditions, probably due to conditions of adaptation.
Keywords: poultry layer excretes, growing and finish cattle, Brachiaria brizantha,
Introduction
The present work had as objective to evaluate a balanced food based on molasses, flour of by-products of corn and poultry layer
excretes(PLE), like supplementation in bovine whole males Brahman, managed commercially, under continuous and restricted grazing in
Brachiaria brizantha, on sour floors of hills lower un irrigated land, in the Municipality Simón Planas of Lara State, from the one rises until the
sacrifice, analyzing the benefits of the use of animals of different farms and its yield in cold carcass.
Materials and Methods
The rehearsal was carried out in a private farm(69.142° Longitude and 9.863° Latitude), sub humid tropical forest, temperature 28°C, annual
precipitation 1532.1mm(MARNR, 1986), with monthly minimum of 7.6mm(January), maximum of 268.8mm(June), pattern of precipitation
monomodal, dry period from December until March. In an experiment totally at random to evaluate male Brahman(more of 75% and pure)
coming from a breeders(CR center) of the Simón Planas Municipality, bred(CY property) of the State Yaracuy(Yumare) and born in the
private farm was carried out the assay(CT). Using 168 animals, CR(n=51), CY(n=48) and CT(n=69), divided and distributed at random in
two groups: grupo1: 26(CR), 24(CY) and 34(CT); and group 2: 25(CR), 24(CY) and 35(CT). These were lifted and finished to restricted
shepherding and continuous in Brachiaria brizantha during 8h/d (07:30 at 15:30), in 2 herders of 32.50 and 34.92has(alternating the groups,
every 4 weeks). In floors of low fertility (loamy franc to sandy clay franc, pH 4.8 at 5.1, CIC 3.36 at 5.86meq/100g, MO 0.2 to 0.9%, P 2 at
6ppm, K 23 at 69ppm, Mg 21 at 51ppm, To the interchangeable one 0.3 to 1.15 meq/100g). The two groups were supplemented with a
mixture (in dry air basis) of 38.51PLE%, 46.37% of thick flour of by-products of corn, 13.81% of cane molasses and 1.31% of mineral salt
(salt:sulfur, 4:1), which was offered, during the whole experiment to reason 2% of the PV (in dry base to the air), approximately whose
quantity was corrected every 4 weeks. This mixes was supply in 2 pens(1800m2 c/u) with 2 troughs of concrete (48m of long, 0.65m of wide
and 0.20m of depth), roofs of concrete covering of 2.5*50m,. The mixture offered during 16h/d, from 15:30 to 07:30h in the following day.
The daily weight gain(DWG) was considered for simple lineal regression, with the weights obtained for animal every 28 days, from the
beginning of the experiment until the moment to send them to the slaughterhouse. The yield in cold channel was calculated by the difference
among the last weight, carried out among 24 to 36h before the sacrifice, and the one obtained in the channel fries of 24h. The price of the
carcass was determined by the market cost (Industrial Slaughterhouse of Barquisimeto, State Lara) to the moment of the sacrifice and that
of the animals for the opportunity cost when they were acquired.
Results and Discussion
The forage readiness was relatively low (2248.89+-782.4 and 2099.86+-698.0 kgDM/ha) during the experiment, but superior at the restrictive
levels to the consumption of foods (< 2000 kg of MS/ha), in agreement with that reported by Minson(1990). The percentage of PC(7.66%) it
is considered very low if it is compared with the values (10 to 16% with agronomic handling) reported Lascano and Euclides(1998). This due
to the drop natural fertility of the floors and to the watering absence. The mixture that offered like complement had appropriate levels of CP
(16.38%), since to maintain a DWG of 800 g they are required from 14.4 to 16.6% of CP in animals of the evaluated weight (NRC, 2000),
what compensated the contained first floor of PC of the offered forage. The values of CP and ash of PLM are inside the ranges (CP 21 to
30% and ash of 15 to 25%) reported by Jakhmola et al. (1988). Lot 1 and the Lot 2 received on the average from 613.66 and 607.63
kilograms of mixture per day, respectively, that which was equal to 1.556 0.0074% of the alive weight (PV), in dry base. This supplement
level could mean a substitution of the forage between the 50 and 60% of the dry matter of the portion. perhaps the biggest limitation in the
mixture offered to obtain a better productive answer was its low content of energy and high ask(13.85%), since only had 86.15% of organic
matter in dry base, that which is one of the biggest limitations in the use of high quantity of PLE in portions for bovine.
In the Table 1, averages values of productive and economic variables are shown evaluated in rehearsal, where it is observed that the
final weight required by the market (Industrial Slaughterhouse Barquisimeto) and the GDP presented significant differences among the
groups, being superior the lots coming from the same municipality (CR and CT) to the acquired one in another federal entity(CY), of smaller
weight initial and of different agroecological conditions of the study area. Although, in relation to the days to the sacrifice this group(CY) it
was advantageous, since all the animals should be sacrificed equally, given the conditions of the producer and for that the groups CR and
CT had achieved the market weight. Equal result was obtained with the weight of the channel and the yield in channel, being translated in a
smaller value of the channel and of the equivalent of sale in foot of the group CY.
Table 1. Value averages of the variables studied on termination of Brahman male under restricted and continuous grazing on Brachiaria
brizantha and supplemented.
Variable CR CY CT Prob. SD

Initial weigh, kg 307.43 294.93 300.14 0.0623 25.16

Finish weigh, kg 478.66a 445.91b 470.18a 0.0000 31.56
a b ab
DWG, g 779.30 701.40 747.60 0.0181 129
a b a
Carcass weigh, kg 274.52 252.26 269.45 0.0000 16.85
a b a
Carcass Yield, % 57.39 56.59 57.35 0.0214 1.56
ab b a
Days to the sacrifice 212.73 204.14 216.32 0.0337 24.40
Initial value/animal , Bs 221353 212350 216100 0.0623 18115
Carcass Value, Bs 384332a 353158b 377226 a 0.0000 23587
a b a
Equivalent value of sale in foot, Bs/kg de LW 803.47 792.24 802.92 0.0214 21.88
1US$=1600Bs; different letter in a file are statistical differences between treatments

When the results are compared obtained with the results obtained with receiving a complement with 42.85 PLE%, 34.28% of left corn
and 22.86% of molasses, 1.17% of the consumption of DM on live weigh and WG 860 g/day(Oltjen and Dinius,1976), it indicates that the
results, under tropical conditions, are similar to those reached in climate tempered under controlled conditions, to weigh that the
consumption was superior and the gain of weight a little inferior, but the compared portion had bigger quantity of energy that the one
managed under these conditions.
The animals achieved earnings of weight of 26888kg in 67.42has that is equal to 689.88 kg/ha/year with a load average of 2.49UA/ha;
very superior production conditions to the prospective ones under similar conditions of floor, dark red Latosol, with 1500mm annual
precipitation, without fertilization and load animal (2.2 UA/ha) where productions of 290 kgPV/ha/year were reached or of 446kg of
PV/ha/year and 2.3heifers/ha (Lascano and Euclides,1998; Zimmer et al. ,1999) in similar sour floors to those used in this experiment, but
with more precipitation. The earnings of weight went superior to those reached by animals with a load from 3.3 to 4.7UA/ha when they
shepherded an association B. brizantha with Arachis pitoi in the foot of mount of Villavicencio in Colombia, reaching a production of
609kg/ha/year (Lascano and Euclides,1998). Although Ibrahín(1994), it reports superior results in gain of weight in association with A. pintoi
that in pure culture of B. Brizantha surrendering 937 or 459kg PV/ha/year respectively, probably in floors with bigger precipitation and natural
fertility of Costa Rica.

Conclusions
The results obtained with the proposed handling, maintaining the animals to shepherding during 8h/d and offering them a supplement
during 16h/d, they reveal the increment of the productivity for animal and unit of exploited surface.
The suplementación with mixtures based on PLE, flour of by-products of corn and molasses in the portion of bovine Brahmin with
restricted shepherding of grasses settled down in not very fertile sour floors, allows to reach earnings of weight that reduce the time
significantly to be taken to the slaughterhouse, they improve the yield in channel and they allow to overcome the growth obtained by the race
in conditions of single shepherding and use of minerals.
The animals of Yumare (Yaracuy State) they were with a smaller productive efficiency that the born ones in Unit of evaluated
Production or others of the same municipality with similar handling to this.

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