Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy & Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity

a. ​ Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy​ – This measure varies between 0

and 1, and values closer to 1 are better. A value of .6 is a suggested minimum

b. ​Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity​ – This tests the null hypothesis that the correlation matrix is an
identity matrix. An identity matrix is a matrix in which all of the diagonal elements are 1 and all
off-diagonal elements are 0. You want to reject this null hypothesis.

Taken together, these tests provide a minimum standard which should be passed before a
factor analysis (or a principal components analysis) should be conducted​.

Interpretations​:

1. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy is a statistic that

indicates the proportion of variance in your variables that might be caused by
underlying factors. High values (close to 1.0) generally indicate that factor
analysis may be useful with your data

Normally, 0 < KMO < 1

If KMO > 0.5, the sample is adequate

2. Bartlett's test of sphericity tests the hypothesis that your correlation matrix is an
identity matrix, which would indicate that your variables are unrelated and
therefore unsuitable for structure detection. Small values (less than 0.05) of the
significance level indicate that factor analysis may be useful with your data

Taking a 95% level of Significance, α = 0.05

The p-value (Sig.) of .000 < 0.05, therefore the Factor Analysis is valid
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis

The principal component analysis explains the correlation of various variables

with the construct. Variables with values closer to 1, have a higher degree of
correlation and all the variables with values greater than 0.5 are significant in a
construct.

Communalities​ – This is the proportion of each variable’s variance that can be

explained by the factors.

b. ​Initial​ – With principal factor axis factoring, the initial values on the diagonal of
the correlation matrix are determined by the squared multiple correlations of the
variable with the other variables.

c. ​Extraction​ – The values in this column indicate the proportion of each

variable’s variance that can be explained by the retained factors. Variables with
high values are well represented in the common factor space, while variables
with low values are not well represented.

Construct 1: Perceived Ease of Use

It suggests 72.3% of the variance is explained by variable 4 in this construct.

Therefore, out of all the 8 variables in the construct, “V4” is the most significant of
all.
Construct 2: Perceived Usefulness

It suggests 79.1% of the variance is explained by variable 11 in this construct.

Therefore, out of all the 5 variables in the construct, “V11” is the most significant
of all.

Construct 3: Attitude

It suggests 81.8% of the variance is explained by variable 17 in this construct.

Therefore, out of all the 6 variables in the construct, “V17” is the most significant
of all.
Construct 4: Subjective Norm

It suggests 82.1% of the variance is explained by variable 22 in this construct.

Therefore, out of all the 6 variables in the construct, “V22” is the most significant
of all.

Construct 5: Perceived Behavioural Control

It suggests 91.4% of the variance is explained by variable 27 in this construct.

Therefore, out of all the 3 variables in the construct, “V27” is the most significant
of all.
Construct 6: Self Efficacy

It suggests 93.9% of the variance is explained by variable 30 in this construct.

Therefore, out of all the 3 variables in the construct, “V30” is the most significant
of all.

Construct 7: Quality of Facilities

It suggests 93.7% of the variance is explained by variable 33 in this construct.

Therefore, out of all the 4 variables in the construct, “V33” is the most significant
of all.
Construct 8: Technology Characteristics

It suggests 93.0% of the variance is explained by variable 42 in this construct.

Therefore, out of all the 8 variables in the construct, “V42” is the most significant
of all.

Construct 9: Behavioral Intention

It suggests 95.5% of the variance is explained by variable 46 in this construct.

Therefore, out of all the 4 variables in the construct, “V46” is the most significant
of all.
COMPONENT MATRIX

Construct 1: Perceived Ease of Use

Component Matrix​a

Component

1. .758

2. .680

3. .836

4. .850

5. .753

6. .675

7. .703

8. .731

In Component 1, if we square R and add them we get 4.509, which is the

Eigenvalue of Component 1.

Construct 2: Perceived Usefulness

Component Matrix​a

Component
 1

9. .884

10. .881

11. .889

12. .784

13. .280

In Component 1, if we square R and add them we get 3.041, which is the

Eigenvalue of Component 1.

Construct 3: Attitude

Component Matrix​a

Component

14. .467

15. .627

16. .830

17. .905

18. .893

19. .896

In Component 1, if we square R and add them we get 3.719, which is the

Eigenvalue of Component 1.

Construct 4: Subjective Norm

 Component Matrix​a

Component

20. .863

21. .852

22. .906

23. .902

24. .807

25. .854

In Component 1, if we square R and add them we get 4.486, which is the

Eigenvalue of Component 1.

Construct 5: Perceived Behavioural Control

Component Matrix​a

Component

26. .948

27. .956

28. .954

In Component 1, if we square R and add them we get 2.723, which is the

Eigenvalue of Component 1.
Construct 6: Self Efficacy

Component Matrix​a

Component

29. .945

30. .969

31. .961

In Component 1, if we square R and add them we get 2.756, which is the

Eigenvalue of Component 1.

Construct 7: Quality of Facilities

Component Matrix​a

Component

32. .964

33. .968

34. .962

35. .918
In Component 1, if we square R and add them we get 3.634, which is the
Eigenvalue of Component 1.

Construct 8: Technology Characteristics

Component Matrix​a

Component

36. .950

37. .953

38. .954

39. .958

40. .963

41. .963

42. .964

43. .961

In Component 1, if we square R and add them we get 7.346, which is the

Eigenvalue of Component 1.

Construct 9: Behavioral Intention

Component Matrix​a

Component

44. .976
 45. .976

46. .977

47. .882

In Component 1, if we square R and add them we get 3.638, which is the

Eigenvalue of Component 1.

Total Variance Explained & Scree Plot

CONSTRUCT 1: PERCEIVED EASE OF USE

Total Variance Explained

Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings

% of Cumulative % of
Component Total Variance % Total Variance Cumulative %

1 4.511 56.385 56.385 4.511 56.385 56.385

2 .911 11.391 67.776

3 .800 10.002 77.778

4 .520 6.499 84.276

5 .421 5.265 89.541

6 .336 4.201 93.742

7 .276 3.455 97.197

 8 .224 2.803 100.000

a. ​Factor​ – The initial number of factors is the same as the number of variables used in the
factor analysis. However, not all 8 factors will be retained. In this example, only the ​first two
factors will be retained ​(as we requested).

b. ​Initial Eigenvalues​ – Eigenvalues are the variances of the factors. Because we conducted
our factor analysis on the correlation matrix, the variables are standardized, which means that
each variable has a variance of 1, and the total variance is equal to the number of variables
used in the analysis, in this case, 8.
c. ​Total​ – This column contains the eigenvalues. The first factor will always account for the
most variance (and hence have the highest eigenvalue), and the next factor will account for as
much of the left over variance as it can, and so on. Hence, each successive factor will account
for less and less variance.

d. ​% of Variance​ – This column contains the per cent of total variance accounted for by each
factor.

e. ​Cumulative %​ – This column contains the cumulative percentage of variance accounted for
by the current and all preceding factors. For example, the second row shows a value of 56.385.
This means that the first two factors together account for 56.385% of the total variance.

f. ​Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings​ – The number of rows in this panel of the table
corresponds to the ​number of factors retained​. In this example, we requested that two factors
be retained, so there are 2 rows, one for each retained factor. The values in this panel of the
table are calculated in the same way as the values in the left panel, except that here the values
are based on the common variance. The values in this panel of the table will always be lower
than the values in the left panel of the table because they are based on the common variance,
which is always smaller than the total variance

g. ​Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings​ – The values in this panel of the table represent the
distribution of the variance after the varimax rotation. ​Varimax rotation tries to maximize the
variance of each of the factors, so the total amount of variance accounted for is
redistributed over the two extracted factors

Interpretations:

Component 1 (2.1) is considered as the strong factor because total eigenvalue is greater than 1.
Rest of the factors are considered as weak factors.
These 2 extracted factors explained 56.385% of the variability.

The ​scree plot graphs ​the eigenvalue against the factor number. You can see these values in
the first two columns of the table immediately above. From the second factor on, you can see
that the line is almost flat, meaning each successive factor is accounting for smaller and smaller
amounts of the total variance.
CONSTRUCT 2: PERCEIVED USEFULNESS

Component 1 (2.9) is considered as a strong factor because total eigenvalue is greater than 1.
Rest of the factors are considered as weak factors.
The 1 extracted factor explained 60.839% of the variability.

Scree plot graphs

From the 1st factor on, you can see that the line is almost flat, meaning each successive factor
is accounting for smaller and smaller amounts of the total variance.
CONSTRUCT 3: ATTITUDE
Component 1 (2.14) is considered as a strong factor because total eigenvalue is greater than 1.
Rest of the factors are considered as weak factors.
The 1 extracted factor explained 61.944% of the variability.

Scree plot graphs

From the 1st factor on, you can see that the line is almost flat, meaning each successive factor
is accounting for smaller and smaller amounts of the total variance.

CONSTRUCT 4: SUBJECTIVE NORM

Component 1 (2.20) is considered as a strong factor because total eigenvalue is greater than 1.
Rest of the factors are considered as weak factors.
The 1 extracted factor explained 74.777% of the variability.

Scree plot graphs

From the 1st factor on, you can see that the line is almost flat, meaning each successive factor
is accounting for smaller and smaller amounts of the total variance.

CONSTRUCT 5: PERCEIVED BEHAVIOURAL CONTROL

Component 1 (2.26) is considered as a strong factor because total eigenvalue is greater than 1.
Rest of the factors are considered as weak factors.
The 1 extracted factor explained 90.750% of the variability.

Scree plot graphs

From the 1st factor on, you can see that the line is almost flat, meaning each successive factor
is accounting for smaller and smaller amounts of the total variance.

CONSTRUCT 6: SELF EFFICACY

Component 1 (2.29) is considered as a strong factor because total eigenvalue is greater than 1.
Rest of the factors are considered as weak factors.
The 1 extracted factor explained 91.893% of the variability.

Scree plot graphs

From the 1st factor on, you can see that the line is almost flat, meaning each successive factor
is accounting for smaller and smaller amounts of the total variance.

CONSTRUCT 7: QUALITY OF FACILITIES

Component 1 (2.32) is considered as a strong factor because total eigenvalue is greater than 1.
Rest of the factors are considered as weak factors.
The 1 extracted factor explained 90.842% of the variability.

Scree plot graphs

From the 1st factor on, you can see that the line is almost flat, meaning each successive factor
is accounting for smaller and smaller amounts of the total variance.

CONSTRUCT 8: TECHNOLOGY CHARACTERISTICS

Component 1 (2.36) is considered as a strong factor because total eigenvalue is greater than 1.
Rest of the factors are considered as weak factors.
The 1 extracted factor explained 91.797% of the variability.

Scree plot graphs

From the 1st factor on, you can see that the line is almost flat, meaning each successive factor
is accounting for smaller and smaller amounts of the total variance.

CONSTRUCT 9: BEHAVIOURAL INTENTION

Component 1 (2.44) is considered as a strong factor because total eigenvalue is greater than 1.
Rest of the factors are considered as weak factors.
The 1 extracted factor explained 90.897% of the variability.

Scree plot graphs

From the 1st factor on, you can see that the line is almost flat, meaning each successive factor
is accounting for smaller and smaller amounts of the total variance.

Rotated Component Matrix

Factor rotation is a mathematical way of simplifying factor results. Here we are

using the varimax process. The main purpose of this table is to reduce the
number factors on which the variables under investigation have high loadings
i.e., in this matrix we check the correlation with every variable and thus
identifying factors through this table is easy. The cut-off point we generally take is
0.5.
Compare this matrix with the unrotated solution. Before rotation, most variables
loaded highly onto the first factor and the remaining factors didn’t really get a look
in. However, the rotation of the factor structure has clarified things considerably

CONSTRUCT 1 to 9
Only one component was extracted. The solution cannot be rotated