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    QST February 2015 Analog Repeaters

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    Roberto Alejandro

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    QST February 2015 Analog Repeaters

    Uploaded by

    Roberto Alejandro
    13 views2 pages

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    QST-February-2015-Analog-Repeaters

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    13 views2 pages

    QST February 2015 Analog Repeaters

    Uploaded by

    Roberto Alejandro

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Analog FM Repeaters — an Overview Why your local voice repeater acts the way it does, and how to get along with it Steve Sant Andrea, AGAYK the essential tool ications. Individual repeaters allow V/UHF mobile and hand. held transceivers to communicate with each other over much larger areas and more difficult terrain than would be possible direct simplex contacts Repeater lnk ing has enhanced this abity even more. Linked repeater systems connect repe fers with each other through direct radio of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) connections. Here in Connecticut, one lub has built a system of linked repe fers that covers the entire 100-mile length of the state. You can access this repeater network near Connecticut's New York border and chat with another station in Rhode Island, using just a handheld ‘Two in one Many thousands of hams use repeaters every day without really understanding them, There's lots of chatter about fre- quency pairs, shifts, tone codes, courtesy beeps, transmit timers, and link delays ‘What does allthis stuff actully mean to yoitas you operate, and why are they neces- ‘ay for using the local repeater? Hardware-wise, a repeater is one receiver and one transmitter, which are operated by a controller and connected tothe samme antenna, “Okay” you say, “I've gota trans ceiver, whichis a ansmiter and a receiver, connected to one antenna at my shack, but it doesn’t act lke a nepeater. So what's the difference? ‘When you use your rig at home, whether it’s a base station, mobile, or handheld transceiver, you switch between the re ceiver and transmitter, using each alter nately to communicate with another ham, Ina repeater system, both the receiver and transmitter must be operating simultane Consty. repeater functions by hearing your signal with ts receiver, demodulating your sna to extract your voice, transerring your voice audio to its transmitter, which then retransmits your signal through the 82 February 2035, same antenna where itis being received. Those of you who see a problem here get 4 gold star, for those who don't, let me sive an example, Let's say that instead of 4 receiver and transmitter doing all that modulating and demodulating, we just hhave a microphone, amplifier, and speaker If you place the microphone directly in front of the speaker and tur on the am plier, two things will happen. First, you ‘get a really uply squeal thal keeps geting louder and louder, commonly known as, feedback. Second, a some point, ether the ‘microphone, amplifier or speaker wil fail, putting an end o the squeal — and a den your wallet when you buy its replacement Unless we take certain hardware precat tions, feedback will occur with a repeater, ‘but ina repeater the feedback loop woul ‘occur in the RF circuit instead of the AF circuit. The retransmitted signal, if coupled directly o the common antenna, would apie Conwoter Figure 1— This box tagram ofthe es: Sst canponsns ol repeater Most praia! ‘epentar ate more complestestnan ths, but [Mhutnave tebe base Components ‘quickly overload the receiver's front end, Obviously, system that fies the receivers frontend every ime the power is tumed on ‘eannot be considered a reliable means of ‘communication, Steps need to be taken to ‘prevent this eventuality. Ener the duplexer (see Figure 1). ADivided Highway ‘The duplxer uses a series of tuned circuits to allow the 100 W output of the transmit ter to flow to the common antenna while keeping that same powerful signal from

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