3420 Toeic Vocabulary Words PDF

A 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words
AOL
A.O.B.2.
A1.
A.O.B. AOL
abbr. used at the end of the list of subjects to be abbr. American corporation headquartered in Virginia,
discussed at a meeting or conference owner and operator of on line and interactive computer
services
Forms: any other business Forms: America Online

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a.m.
ASAP4.
3.
ASAP a.m.
abbr. quickly; immediately; swiftly; speedily; fast abbr. morning; time before noon; hours between midnight
and noon
Forms: as soon as possible (asap, a.s.a.p., A.S.A.P.) Forms: ante meridiem (am, A.M, AM)
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abide
abbreviation6.
5.
abbreviation abide
n. shortened form of a word or word combination v. to comply; to obey; to conform; to stay; to tolerate
Forms: plural: abbreviations Forms: abided; abided; abiding

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able
ability8.
7.
ability able
n. skill; talent; aptitude; capacity; power adj. competent; talented; apt
Forms: plural: abilities

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abound
abolish10.
9.
abolish abound
v. to cancel; to revoke v. to be plentiful; to be filled with; to overflow with
Forms: abolished; abolished; abolishing Forms: abounded; abounded; abounding

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above
above12.
11.
above above
prep. over; higher than; more than n. something previously mentioned or indicated
Forms: no plural
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above
above14.
13.
above above
adj. mentioned earlier in the same text adv. overhead; over; in a higher place
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abroad
abreast16.
15.
abreast abroad
adv. side by side; in alignment; on top of; up-to-date; adv. in another country; outside; widely
well-informed
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absent
absence18.
17.
absence absent
n. failure to appear; state of being away; state of being adj. preoccupied; lost in thought
not present
Forms: no plural
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absorbed
absorb20.
19.
1 PHOTOCOPIABLE © www.english-test.net
absorb absorbed
v. to suck up; take up; take in adj. treated as an expense
Forms: absorbed; absorbed; absorbing

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abuse
abundant22.
21.
abundant abuse
adj. plentiful; copious; profuse; full abounding with v. to injure; to harm; to mistreat
Forms: abused; abused; abusing

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accelerate
abuse24.
23.
abuse accelerate
n. maltreatment; corrupt practice; foul language v. to hasten; to increase the speed of something; to
speed something up
Forms: no plural Forms: accelerated; accelerated; accelerating

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accept
accelerator26.
25.
accelerator accept
n. gas pedal of a motor vehicle v. to receive; to agree; to consent
Forms: plural: accelerators Forms: accepted; accepted; accepting

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access
acceptance28.
27.
acceptance access
n. act of receiving; approval; state of believing in v. to gain entrance to; to get at
something
Forms: no plural Forms: accessed; accessed; accessing

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accident
access30.
29.
access accident
n. approach; entry; permission to enter a computer n. casualty; misadventure; mishap; failure
system or network and/or retrieve data
Forms: no plural Forms: plural: accidents

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accommodation
accommodate32.
31.
accommodate accommodation
v. to adapt oneself; to host guests; to provide lodging n. housing; residence; lodging; arrangement; adjustment
Forms: accommodated; accommodated; accommodating Forms: no plural

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accomplish
accompany34.
33.
accompany accomplish
v. to go along with; to go together with; to join; to attach v. to complete; to achieve; to attain; to perform
Forms: accompanied; accompanied; accompanying Forms: accomplished; accomplished; accomplishing

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accord
accomplishment36.
35.
accomplishment accord
n. fulfillment; realization; attainment; achievement v. to give; to match; to fit; to complement
Forms: plural: accomplishments Forms: accorded; accorded; according

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accordance
accord38.
37.
accord accordance
n. agreement; settlement; harmony n. conformity; agreement; coordination; suitability
Forms: no plural Forms: no plural

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account
account40.
39.
account account
v. to explain; to give a report; to cause; to regard n. business arrangement; client; funds deposited in a
bank
Forms: accounted; accounted; accounting Forms: plural: accounts

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accounting
accountant42.
41.
accountant accounting
n. a person who keeps financial records; a person who n. a system of recording and analyzing financial
conducts financial audits transactions; auditing; a detailed financial statement
Forms: plural: accountants Forms: no plural

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accrue
accredit44.
43.
accredit accrue
v. to certify; to recognize; to assign; to license v. to compile; to increase; to accumulate; to grow
Forms: accredited; accredited; accrediting Forms: accrued; accrued; accruing

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achieve
accuracy46.
45.
accuracy achieve
n. preciseness; exactness v. to obtain; to attain; to perform; to accomplish
Forms: no plural Forms: achieved; achieved; achieving

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acquaint
achievement48.
47.
achievement acquaint
n. performance; operation; attainment; mission; success v. to make familiar; to present someone; to introduce
someone
Forms: plural: achievements Forms: acquainted; acquainted; acquainting

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acquainted
acquaintance50.
49.
acquaintance acquainted
n. person that you have met but do not know well; adj. familiar; close; intimate; informed; aware
knowledge of something; familiarity
Forms: plural: acquaintances

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acquisition
acquire52.
51.
acquire acquisition
v. to buy; to obtain; to purchase; to attain n. purchase; something that has been purchased or
obtained
Forms: acquired; acquired; acquiring Forms: plural: acquisitions

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actual
acronym54.
53.
acronym actual
n. a word which is formed from the first letters of several adj. substantial; real; tangible; current
words; i.e. TOEIC or NATO
Forms: plural: acronyms

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ad
ad56.
55.
ad ad
n. informal word for a commercial announcement pref. toward; at
Forms: plural: ads

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adamant
adamant58.
57.
adamant adamant
n. something unyielding; something hard; stone similar to adj. unyielding; firm; hard; unbending
diamond
Forms: plural: adamants

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addiction
adapt60.
59.
adapt addiction
v. to conform; to change; to make suitable; to match; to fit n. devotion to a certain habit; dependency
Forms: adapted; adapted; adapting Forms: plural: addictions

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additional
addition62.
61.
addition additional
n. supplement; mathematical operation adj. extra; supplemental
Forms: plural: additions

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address
additive64.
63.
additive address
n. supplement v. to direct to; to speak to; to direct to a specific
destination; to refer to
Forms: plural: additives Forms: addressed; addressed; addressing

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adept
address66.
65.
address adept
n. location; description of a location adj. proficient; skilled; expert
Forms: plural: addresses

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adequate
adept68.
67.
adept adequate
n. person who is an expert; person who is skilled adj. sufficient; suitable; appropriate; proper
Forms: plural: adepts

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adjourn
adhere70.
69.
adhere adjourn
v. to stick to; to cling to; to be devoted to (an idea, group, v. to postpone; to delay; to end a meeting; to move to
organization etc.) another place
Forms: adhered; adhered; adhering Forms: adjourned; adjourned; adjourning

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rate
adjustable
adjust72.
71.
adjust adjustable rate
v. to modify; to adapt; to fit; to arrange; to settle n. an interest percentage that changes over time
Forms: adjusted; adjusted; adjusting Forms: plural: adjustable rates

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administer
adjustment74.
73.
adjustment administer
n. adaption; settlement of an insurance claim v. to manage; to supervise; to supply; to dispense
Forms: plural: adjustments Forms: administered; administered; administering

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administrative
administration76.
75.
administration administrative
n. management; supervisors; leadership adj. managerial; executive
Forms: plural: administrations

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admiration
admirable78.
77.
admirable admiration
adj. worthy of adoration; impressive; wonderful; n. enchantment; affection; adoration
marvelous
Forms: no plural
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admit
admission80.
79.
admission admit
n. entrance; permission to enter; confession v. to confess to something; to allow entrance; to accept
as valid
Forms: no plural Forms: admitted; admitted; admitting

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ado
admonish82.
81.
admonish ado
v. to warn; to scold; to reprove n. commotion; flurry; excitement
Forms: admonished; admonished; admonishing Forms: no plural

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adorn
adopt84.
83.
adopt adorn
v. to form a relationship with another person v. to decorate; to beautify
Forms: adopted; adopted; adopting Forms: adorned; adorned; adorning

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adult
adroit86.
85.
adroit adult
adj. alert; clever; ingenious; skillful; adept n. opposite of child; a grown-up; a mature person
Forms: plural: adults

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advance
adult88.
87.
adult advance
adj. mature; full grown adj. beforehand
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advance
advance90.
89.
advance advance
n. progress; modernization; promotion v. to progress; to promote; to make a payment before it is
due
Forms: plural: advances Forms: advanced; advanced; advancing

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advantage
advancement92.
91.
advancement advantage
n. forward movement; progress; promotion n. benefit; profit; utility; avail
Forms: plural: advancements Forms: plural: advantages

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opinion
adverse
advantage94.
93.
advantage adverse opinion
v. to help; to assist; to promote; to be beneficial to n. one of several separate payments into which a debt
has been divided; section; portion
Forms: advantaged; advantaged; advantaging Forms: plural: adverse opinions

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adversity
adversely96.
95.
adversely adversity
adv. unfavorably; in a manner that works against; n. misfortune; hardship; distress; suffering
antagonistically
Forms: plural: adversities

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advert
advert98.
97.
advert advert
v. to refer to; to comment on; to draw attention to n. public announcement or printed notice designed to
attract attention
Forms: adverted; adverted; adverting Forms: plural: adverts

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advertisement
advertise100.
99.
advertise advertisement
v. to promote; to draw attention to; to publicize n. commercial information designed to attract attention;
commercial
Forms: advertised; advertised; advertising Forms: plural: advertisements

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advise
advice102.
101.
advice advise
n. counsel; guidance; specific information; hint v. to counsel; to offer guidance; to notify; to inform
Forms: no plural Forms: advised; advised; advising

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affect
advisor104.
103.
advisor affect
n. a person who provides guidance; consultant; counselor v. to influence
Forms: plural: advisors; other spelling version: adviser Forms: affected; affected; affecting
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affiliate
affiliate106.
105.
affiliate affiliate
n. partner company; distributor v. to join with; to connect to; to become attached to
Forms: plural: affiliates Forms: affiliated; affiliated; affiliating

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affinity
affiliation108.
107.
affiliation affinity
n. connection; attachment n. attraction; closeness; liking; likeness
Forms: plural: affiliations Forms: plural: affinities

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age
afford110.
109.
afford age
v. to be able to pay for; to supply; to provide n. period; era; generation
Forms: afforded; afforded; affording Forms: plural: ages

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agency
age112.
111.
age agency
v. to grow older; to mature n. office; bureau; institution; franchise; method
Forms: aged; aged; aging Forms: plural: agencies

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agent
agenda114.
113.
agenda agent
n. schedule; calendar; outline of things to be done n. representative; rep; factor; cause
Forms: plural: agendas Forms: plural: agents

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aggregate
aggregate116.
115.
aggregate aggregate
v. to accumulate; to gather; to collect; to assemble adj. collective; total; taking all units as a whole
Forms: aggregated; aggregated; aggregating

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schedule
aging
aggregate118.
117.
aggregate aging schedule

n. combination; conjunction; group; mixture n. a list of accounts receivable
Forms: plural: aggregates Forms: plural: aging schedules

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agreement
agree120.
119.
agree agreement
v. to consent; to concur; to suit; to have the same n. pact; contract; accord; consent; concurrence
opinion; to fit
Forms: agreed; agreed; agreeing Forms: plural: agreements

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aid
ahead122.
121.
ahead aid
adv. forward; in advance v. to help; to assist
Forms: aided; aided; aiding

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aim
aid124.
123.
aid aim
n. help; assistance; accessory n. purpose; goal; objective; target
Forms: plural: aids Forms: plural: aims

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aircraft
aim126.
125.
aim aircraft
v. to try or to intend to achieve something; to direct; to n. any vehicle which can be flown (i.e. helicopter)
plan; to aspire
Forms: aimed; aimed; aiming Forms: no plural

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airways
airport128.
127.
airport airways
n. place used by planes for takeoff and landing n. route through traveled by vehicles above ground level
Forms: plural: airports Forms: no plural

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alert
aisle130.
129.
aisle alert
n. passage; walkway (between rows of seats or shelves) adj. ready; attentive; quick; agile
Forms: plural: aisles

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alert
alert132.
131.
alert alert
n. warning; alarm; attitude of readiness v. to warn; to put on standby; to alarm
Forms: plural: alerts Forms: alerted; alerted; alerting

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allay
alive134.
133.
alive allay
adj. active; attentive v. to relieve; to calm; to alleviate pain
Forms: allayed; allayed; allaying

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alliance
alleviate136.
135.
alleviate alliance
v. to allay; to soothe; to relieve; to soften; to lessen n. pact; treaty; connection; relationship
Forms: alleviated; alleviated; alleviating Forms: plural: alliances

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allow
allot138.
137.
allot allow
v. to give out; to distribute; to ration; to set aside for a v. to permit; to enable
special purpose
Forms: allotted; allotted; allotting Forms: allowed; allowed; allowing

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already
allowance140.
139.
allowance already
n. grant; pocket money; stipend; discount; deduction adv. previously; before a certain time
Forms: plural: allowances

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alternate
alter142.
141.
alter alternate
v. to change; to modify adj. rotating; one after the other; interchanging
Forms: altered; altered; altering

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alternative
alternate144.
143.
alternate alternative
v. to interchange; to take turns; to rotate; to substitute n. choice; option
Forms: alternated; alternated; alternating Forms: plural: alternatives

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altitude
although146.
145.
although altitude
conj. despite the fact that; in spite of the fact that n. height; distance above sea level
Forms: plural: altitudes

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ambiguous
ambiguity148.
147.
ambiguity ambiguous
n. vagueness; lack of clarity adj. open to dispute; obscure; vague
Forms: plural: ambiguities

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ambitious
ambition150.
149.
ambition ambitious
n. aspiration; hope; goal; dream adj. aspiring; desirous of success; requiring great effort
Forms: plural: ambitions

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amend
ambivalence152.
151.
ambivalence amend
n. state of having both positive and negative feelings v. to change; to alter; to improve
towards a subject
Forms: no plural Forms: amended; amended; amending

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amount
amortization154.
153.
amortization amount
n. gradual payment of debt; the reduction of the value of v. to come to a sum; to become; to total
an asset
Forms: plural: amortizations Forms: amounted; amounted; amounting

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ample
amount156.
155.
amount ample
n. quantity; sum adj. much; plenty; large; spacious
Forms: plural: amounts

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analyze
analysis158.
157.
analysis analyze
n. process of breaking down a subject and studying it; v. to examine; to break down into parts and study (as in a
examination subject)
Forms: no plural Forms: analyzed; analyzed; analyzing

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anchor
anchor160.
159.
anchor anchor
v. to attach firmly; to fasten tightly n. newsreader; broadcaster
Forms: anchored; anchored; anchoring Forms: plural: anchors

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anger
anger162.
161.
anger anger
v. to irritate; to infuriate; to enrage n. rage; fury
Forms: angered; angered; angering Forms: no plural

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angle
angle164.
163.
angle angle
v. to bend; to turn sharply in a different direction n. point of view; perspective
Forms: angled; angled; angling Forms: plural: angles

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announcement
anniversary166.
165.
anniversary announcement
n. yearly date commemorating a special event; birthday n. declaration; notice; the act of informing the public
Forms: plural: anniversaries Forms: plural: announcements

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annoying
annoy168.
167.
annoy annoying
v. to bother; to trouble; to disturb; to upset adj. bothersome; troublesome; worrisome; harassing
Forms: annoyed; annoyed; annoying

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anticipate
annual170.
169.
annual anticipate
adj. occurring once a year; yearly v. to expect; to predict; to assume
Forms: anticipated; anticipated; anticipating

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anxious
anticipation172.
171.
anticipation anxious
n. expectation; hope; intuition adj. fearful; worried; worrisome; eager; keen
Forms: plural: anticipations

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anyway
anyhow174.
173.
anyhow anyway
adv. in some way adv. in whatever manner; however
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apart
apart176.
175.
apart apart
prep. besides; but; excluding adv. separately; aside; into pieces
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apologize
apartment178.
177.
apartment apologize
n. flat v. to express regret; to say sorry
Forms: plural: apartments Forms: apologized; apologized; apologizing

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apparatus
apology180.
179.
apology apparatus
n. expression of regret or sorrow; excuse; defense; n. device; system; machine; gadget; appliance
justification
Forms: plural: apologies Forms: plural: apparatuses

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apparel
apparel182.
181.
apparel apparel
v. to dress; to adorn wear n. clothing; garments; clothes; garb
Forms: appareled; appareled; appareling Forms: plural: apparels

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appeal
apparently184.
183.
apparently appeal
adv. evidently; obviously; allegedly; seemingly v. to plead; to request; to petition for a new trial or
judgment
Forms: appealed; appealed; appealing

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appealing
appeal186.
185.
appeal appealing
n. request; plea; petition for a new trial or judgment adj. begging; attractive; interesting
Forms: plural: appeals

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appearance
appear188.
187.
appear appearance
v. to come into view; to show up; to seem n. impression; the way a person looks; image; semblance
Forms: appeared; appeared; appearing Forms: no plural

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applicant
appliance190.
189.
appliance applicant
n. tool; gadget; device; apparatus n. candidate; nominee
Forms: plural: appliances Forms: plural: applicants

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apply
application192.
191.
application apply
n. software program; written request; formal letter; v. to make a request; to implement; to realize; to put into
implementation practice
Forms: plural: applications Forms: applied; applied; applying

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appointment
appoint194.
193.
appoint appointment
v. to nominate; to designate n. official date; meeting; interview; nomination
Forms: appointed; appointed; appointing Forms: plural: appointments

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approach
appreciate196.
195.
appreciate approach
v. to esteem; to regard highly; to become more valuable v. to come near to; to tackle (a problem or situation)
Forms: appreciated; appreciated; appreciating Forms: approached; approached; approaching

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appropriate
approach198.
197.
approach appropriate
n. access; method; system; procedure adj. suitable; fitting
Forms: plural: approaches

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approval
appropriate200.
199.
appropriate approval
v. to set aside; to allot; to adapt; to embrace; to accept n. confirmation; endorsement; positive opinion
Forms: appropriated; appropriated; appropriating Forms: plural: approvals

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list
approved
approve202.
201.
approve approved list

v. to agree; to concur; to confirm; to endorse n. inventory of legal investments for savings banks and
trust funds
Forms: approved; approved; approving Forms: plural: approved lists

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apt
approximately204.
203.
approximately apt
adv. nearly; about; around; circa adj. suitable; appropriate; intelligent; savvy; capable
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arbitrary
aptitude206.
205.
aptitude arbitrary
n. ability; skill; talent adj. optional; uncertain; changeable; open; unrestricted
Forms: plural: aptitudes

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argue
area208.
207.
area argue
n. region; domain; field; category v. to dispute; to claim; to give reasons
Forms: plural: areas Forms: argued; argued; arguing

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arrange
argument210.
209.
argument arrange
n. dispute; claim; rationale; cause v. to organize; to settle; to structure; to order; to
systematize
Forms: plural: arguments Forms: arranged; arranged; arranging

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array
arrangement212.
211.
arrangement array
n. organization; order; selection; range; assortment n. display; layout; clothing; menu
Forms: plural: arrangements Forms: plural: arrays

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arrest
arrest214.
213.
arrest arrest
n. detention; imprisonment v. to detain; to slow down; to capture; to imprison
Forms: plural: arrests Forms: arrested; arrested; arresting

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arrive
arrival216.
215.
arrival arrive
n. reaching a destination; incoming; opposite of departure v. to reach a destination; to return; to come back; to
succeed
Forms: plural: arrivals Forms: arrived; arrived; arriving

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article
article218.
217.
article article
n. item; object; piece of text; paragraph of a contract v. to bind with a contract
Forms: plural: articles Forms: articled; articled; articling

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articulate
articulate220.
219.
articulate articulate
adj. lucid; eloquent; expressed using clear and distinct v. to express in a fluent and clear manner
words; able to speak
Forms: articulated; articulated; articulating

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artisan
artificial222.
221.
artificial artisan
adj. not genuine; simulated; unreal n. creator; craftsman; skilled workman
Forms: plural: artisans

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aspect
ascertain224.
223.
ascertain aspect
v. to clarify; to confirm; to reinforce; to verify n. facet; outlook; direction; issue; point
Forms: ascertained; ascertained; ascertaining Forms: plural: aspects

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assembly
assemble226.
225.
assemble assembly
v. to gather; to collect; to converge; to arrange; to meet n. meeting; conference; set; group of people
Forms: assembled; assembled; assembling Forms: plural: assemblies

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assessment
assess228.
227.
assess assessment
v. to estimate; to gauge; to evaluate; to measure n. estimation; appraisal; measurement
Forms: assessed; assessed; assessing Forms: plural: assessments

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assign
asset230.
229.
asset assign
n. something of value (property, equipment, goods, etc.); v. to allot; to apportion; to give somebody a task or
item of quality; something beneficial responsibility; to delegate; to appoint
Forms: plural: assets Forms: assigned; assigned; assigning

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assimilate
assignment232.
231.
assignment assimilate
n. task; duty; responsibility; role; obligation v. to incorporate; to take in; to absorb
Forms: plural: assignments Forms: assimilated; assimilated; assimilating

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assistance
assist234.
233.
assist assistance
v. to aid; to help; to support; to guide; to direct n. aid; help; support; direction; upkeep
Forms: assisted; assisted; assisting Forms: no plural

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
assistant
assistant236.
235.
assistant assistant
n. person who gives support to a superior; aide; helper adj. serving as an aide; helpful; supportive; auxiliary
Forms: plural: assistants

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
associate
associate238.
237.
associate associate
n. partner; fellow worker; co-worker; friend v. to share company; to connect; to relate to; to combine
Forms: plural: associates Forms: associated; associated; associating

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
assort
association240.
239.
association assort
n. organization; society; union; coalition; foundation v. to classify; to categorize; to systematize; to structure
Forms: plural: associations Forms: assorted; assorted; assorting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
assume
assortment242.
241.
assortment assume
n. variety; collection; selection; range; mixture v. to suppose; to take on a position or duty; to accept an
idea
Forms: plural: assortments Forms: assumed; assumed; assuming

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attach
assure244.
243.
assure attach
v. to give confidence; to promise; to pledge; to encourage v. to fasten; to link to; to add; to ascribe to; to connect to
Forms: assured; assured; assuring Forms: attached; attached; attaching

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
attain
attachment246.
245.
attachment attain
n. connection; confiscation; file sent via email v. to reach; to achieve; to fulfill; to realize (a goal,
purpose, etc.)
Forms: plural: attachments Forms: attained; attained; attaining

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attempt
attainment248.
247.
attainment attempt
n. achievement; fulfillment; ability n. try; assay; test; trial
Forms: plural: attainments Forms: plural: attempts

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
attend
attempt250.
249.
attempt attend
v. to try to; to assay v. to be present in a place; to care for; to serve; to
accompany
Forms: attempted; attempted; attempting Forms: attended; attended; attending

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attendant
attendance252.
251.
attendance attendant
n. being physically present; act of accompanying or n. steward; stewardess; person who serves others;
serving person who accompanies others
Forms: no plural Forms: plural: attendants

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attendee
attendant254.
253.
attendant attendee
adj. present; opposite of absent; accompanying n. person who takes part in a particular event such as a
conference or seminar; participant
Forms: plural: attendees

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
attentive
attention256.
255.
attention attentive
n. concentration; consideration; focus; care; adj. concentrated; focused; observant; polite; caring
acknowledgment; recognition
Forms: no plural
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
attire
attentiveness258.
257.
attentiveness attire
n. concentration; ability to concentrate on an issue n. dress; clothing; apparel

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
attitude
attire260.
259.
attire attitude
v. to dress; to put on clothes n. position; opinion; viewpoint; outlook; perspective
Forms: attired; attired; attiring Forms: plural: attitudes

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attorney
attn.262.
261.
attn. attorney
abbr. directed to a particular person (generally used n. lawyer; barrister; advocate; solicitor
when addressing a letter or message) or issue
Forms: attention Forms: plural: attorneys

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
attribute
attract264.
263.
attract attribute
v. to draw attention; to captivate; to fascinate n. quality; factor; characteristic; feature
Forms: attracted; attracted; attracting Forms: plural: attributes

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auction
attribute266.
265.
attribute auction
v. to ascribe to; to link to; to associate with; to relate to n. public sale where goods are sold to the highest bidder
(such as eBay)
Forms: attributed; attributed; attributing Forms: plural: auctions

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
audience
auction268.
267.
auction audience
v. to sell something through a bidding system n. group of people who attend a seminar, a talk, etc.
Forms: auctioned; auctioned; auctioning Forms: plural: audience

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
audit
audio270.
269.
audio audit
adj. pertaining to hearing and listening; sound n. examination of financial accounts; internal investigation
Forms: plural: audits

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
auditorium
audit272.
271.
audit auditorium
v. to examine accounts and other financial records n. large room used for lectures; talks, performances and
other events
Forms: audited; audited; auditing Forms: plural: auditoriums

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
authority
augment274.
273.
augment authority
v. to increase; to enlarge; to enhance; to multiply n. official institution; agency; power; control; jurisdiction
Forms: augmented; augmented; augmenting Forms: plural: authorities

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autograph
authorize276.
275.
authorize autograph
v. to permit; to approve; to empower v. to write one's name by hand; to sign one's name
Forms: authorized; authorized; authorizing Forms: autographed; autographed; autographing

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automobile
autograph278.
277.
autograph automobile
n. a person's handwritten signature n. car; vehicle; ride
Forms: plural: autographs Forms: plural: automobiles

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avail
avail280.
279.
avail avail
v. to be useful; to help; to facilitate n. advantage; profit; help; benefit
Forms: availed; availed; availing Forms: plural: avails

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float
availability
availability282.
281.
availability availability float
n. accessibility; attainability; obtainability n. the time or amount of money that defined by checks
that have been deposited but not cleared yet
Forms: no plural Forms: plural: availability floats

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average
available284.
283.
available average
adj. ready for use; attainable; present; vail adj. immediate; common; usual; standard
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
average
average286.
285.
average average
n. mean; median v. to have a mean of a certain amount
Forms: plural: averages Forms: averaged; averaged; averaging

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award
avoid288.
287.
avoid award
v. to escape; to keep away from; to prevent; to keep from n. prize; grant; arbitration
happening; to evade
Forms: avoided; avoided; avoiding Forms: plural: awards

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
aware
award290.
289.
award aware
v. to give; to grant; to judge; to rule adj. attentive; conscious of
Forms: awarded; awarded; awarding

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
awesome
awareness292.
291.
awareness awesome
n. consciousness adj. impressive; inspiring; great; frightening
Forms: no plural
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
B 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words
back
back2.
B1.
back back
n. part of a chair; rear part of the human body v. to support; to assist; to strengthen
Forms: plural: backs Forms: backed; backed; backing

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back
back4.
3.
back back
adj. behind; after; rear; hind adv. to the rear; to the past
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
order
back
door6.
back
5.
back door back order
n. the U.S. treasury n. ordered merchandise that is not currently in stock but
will be supplied in the future
Forms: no plural Forms: plural: back orders

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
background
up8.
back
7.
back up background
v. to support; to solidify; to strengthen n. setting; biography
Forms: backed up; backed up; backing up Forms: plural: backgrounds

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
backup
backlash10.
9.
backlash backup
n. rebound; recoiling; sudden movement to the rear n. copying of data for safety purposes; substitute;
reserve; spare
Forms: plural: backlashes Forms: plural: backups

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baggage
badge12.
11.
badge baggage
n. tag; sign; identification tag n. luggage; cargo; things to take on a trip; equipment
Forms: plural: badges Forms: no plural

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
balance
balance14.
13.
balance balance
v. to make equal n. leveling; harmony; stability; rest; remainder
Forms: balanced; balanced; balancing Forms: plural: balances

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
bank
bank16.
15.
bank bank
v. to deposit money; in a money institution; to count on; to n. institution for saving and borrowing money; cashier
depend upon
Forms: banked; banked; banking Forms: plural: banks

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
banknote
draft18.
bank
17.
bank draft banknote
n. check n. bill; money made of paper
Forms: plural: bank drafts Forms: plural: banknotes

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
bankrupt
bankrupt20.
19.
bankrupt bankrupt
adj. lacking; deficient; insolvent; unable to pay debts n. a person who was unable to repay their debts
Forms: plural: bankrupts

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
bankruptcy
bankrupt22.
21.
bankrupt bankruptcy
v. to ruin financially; to go bust; to go broke; to collapse n. state of losing property to one's creditor's due to
unpaid debts; insolvency
Forms: bankrupted; bankrupted; bankrupting Forms: plural: bankruptcies

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
banquet
banquet24.
23.
banquet banquet
n. celebration; feast; dinner; drinking v. to hold a party; to feast; to dine; to drink
Forms: plural: banquets Forms: banqueted; banqueted; banqueting

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barely
wire26.
barbed
25.
barbed wire barely
n. metal cord with sharp projecting points adv. hardly; scarcely
Forms: plural: barbed wires

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
bargain
bargain28.
27.
bargain bargain
n. good deal; agreement; item that has been bought at a v. to negotiate; to arrive at an agreement
specially low price
Forms: plural: bargains Forms: bargained; bargained; bargaining

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
capital
barren
barometer30.
29.
barometer barren capital
n. commercial and market information that indicates n. money which is not generating profit
overall economic trends
Forms: plural: barometers Forms: no plural

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
barter
barrier32.
31.
barrier barter
n. border; limit; obstacle; barricade n. exchanging of goods and services; trade
Forms: plural: barriers Forms: plural: barters

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
base
barter34.
33.
barter base
v. to exchange goods and services v. to establish; to found; to set up; to place on
Forms: bartered; bartered; bartering Forms: based; based; basing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
base
base36.
35.
base base
adj. low; despicable; ignoble n. foundation; principal element; fundamental part
Forms: plural: bases

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
bearer
basis38.
37.
basis bearer
n. foundation; grounding n. person who holds a money order
Forms: no plural Forms: plural: bearers

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
become
instrument40.
bearer
39.
bearer instrument become
n. a signed money order which is payable on demand to v. to turn into; to develop into; to grow into
the holder
Forms: plural: bearer instruments Forms: became; become; becoming

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
behalf
becoming42.
41.
becoming behalf
adj. appropriate; noble n. representing; in support of
Forms: no plural
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
behind
behavio(u)r44.
43.
behavio(u)r behind
n. manner of acting; conduct n. rear; end; seat
Forms: plural: behavio(u)rs Forms: plural: behinds

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
behind
behind46.
45.
behind behind
adv. late; tardy prep. after; in back of
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
belief
book48.
beige
47.
beige book belief
n. report on current economic conditions, published by n. opinion; creed; religion; faith; conviction
the Federal Reserve Board
Forms: plural: beige books Forms: plural: beliefs

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
below
believe50.
49.
believe below
v. to have faith in; to assume; to suppose prep. under; beneath; underneath
Forms: believed; believed; believing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
benchmark
below52.
51.
below benchmark
adv. at a further point n. criterion; measure; point of reference for comparison
Forms: plural: benchmarks

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
beneath
beneath54.
53.
beneath beneath
prep. under; underneath adv. under; below
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
beneficial
beneficent56.
55.
beneficent beneficial
adj. kind; good adj. advantageous; pleasurable; enjoyable
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
benefit
benefit58.
57.
benefit benefit
v. to profit; to gain; to be advantageous n. advantage; profit; aid; stipend
Forms: benefited; benefited; benefiting Forms: plural: benefits

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
between
between60.
59.
between between
prep. intermediate to; common; shared adv. amid; in the middle
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
beyond
beverage62.
61.
beverage beyond
n. drink; refreshment prep. further; more distant
Forms: plural: beverages

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
bias
beyond64.
63.
beyond bias
adv. past; further than v. to prejudice; to influence opinions
Forms: biased; biased; biasing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
bill
bias66.
65.
bias bill
n. prejudice; tendency; leaning v. to charge; to announce; to advertise
Forms: plural: biases Forms: billed; billed; billing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
rate
birth
bill68.
67.
bill birth rate
n. banknote; invoice; proposed law n. number of babies that are born per year per thousand
Forms: plural: bills Forms: plural: birth rates

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
blame
blame70.
69.
blame blame
v. to accuse; to denounce n. guilt; responsibility; liability
Forms: blamed; blamed; blaming Forms: plural: blames

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
blanket
blanket72.
71.
blanket blanket
v. to cover; to coat adj. comprehensive; inclusive
Forms: blanketed; blanketed; blanketing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
laws
sky
blue
blanket74.
73.
blanket blue sky laws

n. bed covering; quilt n. rules introduced by the government to regulate the
trade of securities and mutual funds
Forms: plural: blankets Forms: only plural

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
blunder
blunder76.
75.
blunder blunder
n. gross error; stupid mistake v. to make a stupid mistake; to move back and forth in a
clumsy manner
Forms: plural: blunders Forms: blundered; blundered; blundering

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
board
board78.
77.
board board
n. management committee; food v. to accommodate; to house; to enter (a plane, ship, bus,
etc.)
Forms: plural: boards Forms: boarded; boarded; boarding

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bond
room80.
boiler
79.
boiler room bond
n. a fraud scheme involving cold calling v. to store in a warehouse
Forms: plural: boiler rooms Forms: bonded; bonded; bonding

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
bonded
bond82.
81.
bond bonded
n. link; connection; obligation; grasp; certificate of debt adj. secured in a warehouse
Forms: plural: bonds

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
book
bonus84.
83.
bonus book
n. dividend; perk; monetary gift v. to record; to order in advance; to inscribe; to indicate
Forms: plural: bonuses Forms: booked; booked; booking

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
bookcase
book86.
85.
book bookcase
n. printed work which is bound together; bundle n. shelves used to store printed items
Forms: plural: books Forms: plural: bookcases

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
boost
boost88.
87.
boost boost
v. to raise; to push; to urge; to lift n. push; lift; incentive; encouragement
Forms: boosted; boosted; boosting Forms: plural: boosts

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
border
border90.
89.
border border
v. to be adjacent to n. boundary; edge; limit
Forms: bordered; bordered; bordering Forms: plural: borders

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
bother
borrow92.
91.
borrow bother
v. to take on loan; to copy; to steal v. to annoy; to harass; to worry; to make an effort; to be
concerned
Forms: borrowed; borrowed; borrowing Forms: bothered; bothered; bothering

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
bothersome
bother94.
93.
bother bothersome
n. effort; nuisance adj. annoying; irritating
Forms: plural: bothers

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
bottom
bottom96.
95.
bottom bottom
n. base; foot; seat of a chair v. to establish; to construct; to base; to provide a
foundation
Forms: plural: bottoms Forms: bottomed; bottomed; bottoming

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
bound
bottom98.
97.
bottom bound
adj. lower; under n. limit; border
Forms: plural: bounds

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
bound
bound100.
99.
bound bound
v. to jump; to leap adj. obligated; certain; fastened; tied
Forms: bounded; bounded; bounding

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
box
box102.
101.
box box
v. to fight with fists; to put crates n. case; crate; punch; hit
Forms: boxed; boxed; boxing Forms: plural: boxes

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
brake
brake104.
103.
brake brake
v. to stop a vehicle; to slow down a vehicle n. device which is used to slow or stop a vehicle
Forms: braked; braked; braking Forms: plural: brakes

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
branch
branch106.
105.
branch branch
v. to fork; to divide into parts or sections n. affiliate; office; industry; trade; business unit
Forms: branched; branched; branching Forms: plural: branches

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
brand
brand108.
107.
brand brand
v. to mark with an iron; to disgrace; to condemn n. trademark; type; make; variety; product name
Forms: branded; branded; branding Forms: plural: brands

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
break
breadth110.
109.
breadth break
n. width; broadness v. to shatter; to crack; to be cut off; to cancel
Forms: plural: breaths Forms: broke; broken; breaking

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
down
break
break112.
111.
break break down
n. fracture; pause; rest; opportunity; alteration v. to fail; to collapse; to defeat; to overthrow; to descend
Forms: plural: breaks Forms: broke down; broken down; breaking down
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
breakthrough
breakdown114.
113.
breakdown breakthrough
n. collapse; crash; incident n. progress; reaching a new level; removal of a barrier;
penetration
Forms: plural: break downs Forms: plural: breakthroughs

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
brief
brief116.
115.
brief brief
n. abstract; summary; concise report; instructions v. to make a summary; to give a report; to inform; to
instruct somebody
Forms: plural: briefs Forms: briefed; briefed; briefing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
briefcase
brief118.
117.
brief briefcase
adj. short; concise n. small container for documents; tool for synchronizing
files between two computers
Forms: plural: briefcases

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
broadcast
briefing120.
119.
briefing broadcast
n. short meeting; summarizing; giving and receiving v. to transmit over the radio; to publicize; to advertise
instructions; reporting
Forms: plural: briefings Forms: broadcast; broadcast; broadcasting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
brochure
broadcast122.
121.
broadcast brochure
n. transmission; dispatch; radio program n. leaflet; booklet; printed product information
Forms: plural: broadcasts Forms: plural: brochures

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
broker
broker124.
123.
broker broker
v. to act as a middleman; to buy and to sell property for n. middleman; agent who buys and sells property or
other people shares etc. for other people
Forms: brokered; brokered; brokering Forms: plural: brokers

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
browse
brokered126.
125.
brokered browse
adj. negotiated by an intermediary; settled through a v. to leaf through a book; to surf Internet websites
middleman
Forms: browsed; browsed; browsing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
bubble
browser128.
127.
browser bubble
n. program used for viewing websites on the Internet n. blister; gas-filled sac
Forms: plural: browsers Forms: plural: bubbles

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
budget
budge130.
129.
budge budget
v. to move; to be moved n. financial framework; financial plan
Forms: budged; budged; budging Forms: plural: budgets

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
budget
budget132.
131.
budget budget
v. to prepare a financial plan; to make financial adj. inexpensive; cheap; of or relating to a financial plan
arrangements
Forms: budgeted; budgeted; budgeting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
building
build134.
133.
build building
v. to construct; to create; to increase intensity; to n. house; dwelling; structure; premises
energize
Forms: built; built; building Forms: plural: buildings

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
bulk
bulk136.
135.
bulk bulk
n. volume; mass; main part; most v. to inflate; to play an important role
Forms: plural: bulks Forms: bulked; bulked; bulking

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
transfer
bulk
bulk138.
137.
bulk bulk transfer

adj. relating to or designed for the mass of people; large- n. the sale of all or most of a company's inventory or
scale; widespread; popular assets to another company
Forms: plural: bulk transfers

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
buoyant
bullion140.
139.
bullion buoyant
n. bars of gold; bars of silver adj. floating; light; lively; cheerful
Forms: no plural
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
butcher
business142.
141.
business butcher
n. company; enterprise; trade; commerce; issue n. meat cutter; meat slaughterer; owner of a meat shop
Forms: plural: businesses Forms: plural: butchers

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
button
button144.
143.
button button
v. to fasten; to connect n. switch; icon to click on
Forms: buttoned; buttoned; buttoning Forms: plural: buttons

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
buyer
145.
buyer
n. person who purchases something; client; customer;
shopper; purchaser
Forms: plural: buyers

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
C 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words
C.C.O.
C.C.2.
C1.
C.C. C.C.O.
abbr. secondary email address; copy of a document, abbr. person who is responsible for ensuring that a
message, or email that is sent to a third party company and its employees are in compliance with
government regulations and internal policies
Forms: carbon copy (cc, CC) Forms: Chief Compliance Officer (CCO)
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
C.F.O.
C.E.O.4.
3.
C.E.O. C.F.O.
abbr. head manager of a corporation, company or large abbr. treasurer; person who is responsible for all financial
organization aspects of a company
Forms: Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Forms: Chief Financial Officer (CFO)
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
C.O.D.
C.I.O.6.
5.
C.I.O. C.O.D.
abbr. Chief Information Officer; person who is responsible abbr. cash payment to be made upon receipt of products
for a company's internal information systems or goods
Forms: Chief Information Officer (CIO) Forms: cash on delivery (COD, c.o.d.)
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
C.S.O.
C.O.O.8.
7.
C.O.O. C.S.O.
abbr. head manager of a company or large organization abbr. top executive rank; person who is responsible for
the security of a company's communications and
business systems
Forms: Chief Operating Officer (COO) Forms: Chief Security Officer (CSO)
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
C.V.
C.T.O.10.
9.
C.T.O. C.V.
abbr. top executive rank; person who is responsible for abbr. resume; chronological description of one's
research and development and possibly for new product employment and educational history; biography
plans
Forms: Chief Technology Officer (CTO) Forms: Curriculum Vitae (CV)

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
cabinet
cab12.
11.
cab cabinet
n. taxi; carriage; driver's compartment n. small room; piece of office furniture; office; part of a
government
Forms: plural: cabs Forms: plural: cabinets

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
calculator
calculate14.
13.
calculate calculator
v. to estimate; to compute; to depend upon n. small machine that makes computations
Forms: calculated; calculated; calculating Forms: plural: calculators

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
calendar
calendar16.
15.
calendar calendar
v. to write down in a timetable; to register n. chart showing the months of a year (including days
and weeks); schedule; timetable
Forms: calendared; calendared; calendaring Forms: plural: calendars

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
call
call18.
17.
call call
v. to invite; to speak loudly; to visit; to phone n. telephone conversation; visit; invitation; claim; need
Forms: called; called; calling Forms: plural: calls

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
campaign
campaign20.
19.
campaign campaign
v. to conduct a series of activities organized to n. series of activities organized to accomplish a goal
accomplish a goal
Forms: campaigned; campaigned; campaigning Forms: plural: campaigns

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cancellation
cancel22.
21.
cancel cancellation
v. to call off; to annul; to terminate; to stop n. nullification; termination; revocation
Forms: canceled; canceled; canceling Forms: plural: cancellations

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candidate
candid24.
23.
candid candidate
adj. honest; straightforward; open; frank n. applicant; nominee; examinee
Forms: plural: candidates

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canvass
canvass26.
25.
canvass canvass
v. to examine; to debate; to scrutinize; to solicit votes or n. examination; careful inspection; debate
opinions
Forms: canvassed, canvassed; canvassing Forms: no plural

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capable
capability28.
27.
capability capable
n. ability; skill; trait; characteristic; quality adj. skilled; able; proficient; adept
Forms: plural: capabilities

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capex
capacity30.
29.
capacity capex
n. volume which can be contained or received; function; n. refers to the cost of developing a product or system
role; feature; potential
Forms: plural: capacities Forms: CAPital EXpenditures

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capital
capital32.
31.
capital capital
n. property; financial means; assets; main city of a adj. main; major; chief; principal
country of region
Forms: plural: capitals

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capitalization
requirement34.
capital
33.
capital requirement capitalization
n. the level of monetary funding a company needs to run n. process of turning money into profit
smoothly
Forms: plural: capital requirements Forms: plural: capitalizations

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capture
capitalize36.
35.
capitalize capture
v. to turn into money; to turn profit; to finance v. to copy; to photograph; to snapshot
Forms: capitalized; capitalized; capitalizing Forms: captured; captured; capturing

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card
car38.
37.
car card
n. automobile; elevator; vehicle; ride v. to ask for an identification (i.e. in a bar)
Forms: plural: cars Forms: carded; carded; carding

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care
card40.
39.
card care
n. thin and flat object v. to be concerned with; to look out for; to watch over; to
like; to be fond of
Forms: plural: cards Forms: cared; cared; caring

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career
care42.
41.
care career
n. attention; concern; caution; supervision; management v. to evolve; to make to progress; to grow professionally;
to develop; to speed
Forms: no plural Forms: careered; careered; careering

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careful
career44.
43.
career careful
n. profession; development; progress; gradual growth adj. cautious; particular; concentrated; meticulous
Forms: plural: careers

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carpenter
cargo46.
45.
cargo carpenter
n. freight; luggage; baggage; load n. a person who makes things out of wood such as
furniture
Forms: plural: cargos Forms: plural: carpenters

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carpet
carpet48.
47.
carpet carpet
v. to cover or to furnish with textile materials; to n. rug; fabric floor covering
reprimand; to scold
Forms: carpeted; carpeted; carpeting Forms: plural: carpets

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carrier
carriage50.
49.
carriage carrier
n. coach; buggy; transportation n. person or company that ships things; shipping
company; truck
Forms: plural: carriages Forms: plural: carriers

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out
carry
carry52.
51.
carry carry out
v. to transport; to continue; to bear v. to put into practice; to accomplish; to perform; to
conduct
Forms: carried; carried; carrying Forms: carried out; carried out; carrying out
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cart
cart54.
53.
cart cart
v. to drag or to carry by force n. car; wagon; coach; carriage; trolley
Forms: carted; carted; carting Forms: plural: carts

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case
case56.
55.
case case
v. to pack; to crate; to box n. occasion; instance; situation; bag
Forms: cased; cased; casing Forms: plural: cases

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cash
cash58.
57.
cash cash
v. to exchange a check (or another money order) for n. money in the form of coins and bank notes
coins and bank notes; to redeem
Forms: cashed; cashed; cashing Forms: no plural

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cast
reserves60.
cash
59.
cash reserves cast
n. bank deposits that are available on a short-term basis; n. throw; team of actors; squint (of the eye)
treasury bills
Forms: only plural Forms: plural: casts

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catalog
cast62.
61.
cast catalog
v. to throw; to project; to form; to shape n. itemized list; index; directory
Forms: cast; cast; casting Forms: plural: catalogs

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categorize
catalog64.
63.
catalog categorize
v. to make an itemized list; to index; to classify v. to arrange in groups; to classify; to sort; to structure
Forms: cataloged; cataloged; cataloging Forms: categorized; categorized; categorizing

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cater
category66.
65.
category cater
n. class; division; section; segment v. to provide; to supply (food, etc.); to care for
Forms: plural: categories Forms: catered; catered; catering

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cause
catering68.
67.
catering cause
n. business of supplying and servicing food n. reason; purpose; principle; factor; basis for a legal
case
Forms: plural: caterings Forms: plural: causes

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caution
cause70.
69.
cause caution
v. to make happen; to bring about n. notice; warning; caveat; carefulness; premonition
Forms: caused; caused; causing Forms: no plural

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cautious
caution72.
71.
caution cautious
v. to warn; to notify of danger adj. careful; wary; suspicious
Forms: cautioned; cautioned; cautioning

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cement
caveat74.
73.
caveat cement
n. caution; warning; admonition; suspension of v. to reinforce; to bind together; to strengthen a
proceedings (law) connection
Forms: plural: caveats Forms: cemented; cemented; cementing

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central
cement76.
75.
cement central
n. concrete; mortar; bonding agent; filling (for teeth) adj. main; principal; major
Forms: no plural
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century
central78.
77.
central century
n. telephone exchange; operator; main bureau or office n. period of one hundred years
Forms: plural: centrals Forms: plural: centuries

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certain
ceremony80.
79.
ceremony certain
n. rite; ritual; formality adj. sure; definite; particular; specific
Forms: plural: ceremonies

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certificate
certainly82.
81.
certainly certificate
adv. of course; surely; doubtlessly; definitely; absolutely n. official document; license; reference; attestation
Forms: plural: certificates

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certify
certificate84.
83.
certificate certify
v. to confirm; to license; to authorize v. to confirm to be true; to authorize
Forms: certificated; certificated; certificating Forms: certified; certified; certifying

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chain
chain86.
85.
chain chain
n. group of stores, outlets, banks etc., under one v. to tie down
management
Forms: plural: chains Forms: chained; chained; chaining

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challenge
challenge88.
87.
challenge challenge
n. difficult situation; something which tests one's ability to v. to dare; to invite to engage in a contest; to stimulate; to
handle difficult tasks test one's ability
Forms: plural: challenges Forms: challenged; challenged; challenging

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change
change90.
89.
change change
n. replacement; alteration; shift; coins; money received v. to alter; to replace; to become different
back after paying for goods
Forms: plural: changes Forms: changed; changed; changing

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chapter
changeable92.
91.
changeable chapter
adj. arbitrary; fickle; flexible n. part of a book; phase; stage; local branch of an
organization
Forms: plural: chapters

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characteristic
character94.
93.
character characteristic
n. nature; disposition; attitude; figure; person; statement n. trait; feature; ability; distinguishing quality; attribute
of qualities
Forms: plural: characters Forms: plural: characteristics

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characterize
characteristic96.
95.
characteristic characterize
adj. typical; distinctive v. to describe; to depict; to portray; to outline
Forms: characterized; characterized; characterizing

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charge
charge98.
97.
charge charge
n. price; cargo; responsibility v. to entrust; to order; to command; to supply with power
Forms: plural: charges Forms: charged; charged; charging

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chart
chart100.
99.
chart chart
n. graph; diagram v. to make a graph; to draw; to diagram
Forms: plural: charts Forms: charted; charted; charting

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cheap
cheap102.
101.
cheap cheap
adj. opposite of expensive; inexpensive adv. inexpensively
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check
check104.
103.
check check
n. examination; money order; payment order; restaurant v. to examine; to investigate; to inspect; to scrutinize
bill
Forms: plural: checks Forms: checked; checked; checking

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cheque
chef106.
105.
chef cheque
n. professional cook; head cook in a restaurant of hotel n. written order directing a bank to pay a specific amount
of money
Forms: plural: chefs Forms: plural: cheques

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choice
choice108.
107.
choice choice
n. option; selection; variety adj. select; fine; excellent
Forms: plural: choices

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chop
choose110.
109.
choose chop
v. to select; to prefer; to pick; to make a choice n. seal; trademark
Forms: chose; chose; chosen Forms: plural: chops

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chore
chop112.
111.
chop chore
v. to cut; to cut down; to cut into pieces; to mince n. routine job; unpleasant task
Forms: chopped; chopped; chopping Forms: plural: chores

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circle
circle114.
113.
circle circle
v. to surround n. ring-shaped geometric figure; round figure; group;
society
Forms: circled; circled; circling Forms: plural: circles

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circumstance
circumspect116.
115.
circumspect circumstance
adj. careful; cautious v. to place in particular situations
Forms: circumstanced; circumstanced; circumstancing

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circumvent
circumstance118.
117.
circumstance circumvent
n. condition; influencing factor; situation v. to by-pass; to side-step; to evade
Forms: plural: circumstances Forms: circumvented; circumvented; circumventing

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citizen
citation120.
119.
citation citizen
n. quotation; official praise; summons to a court of law n. resident; native of a country
Forms: plural: citations Forms: plural: citizens

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city
citizenship122.
121.
citizenship city
n. right to live in a country; condition of being a member n. town; large urban area
of a country
Forms: plural: citizenships Forms: plural: cities

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claim
civic124.
123.
civic claim
adj. pertaining to a city; pertaining to citizenship n. lawsuit; request; right
Forms: plural: claims

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classify
clarify126.
125.
clarify classify
v. to make clear; to explain v. to arrange systematically; to structure; to group; to sort;
to make confidential
Forms: clarified; clarified; clarifying Forms: classified; classified; classifying

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clear
clause128.
127.
clause clear
n. paragraph; section in a document; part of a contract v. to clarify; to explain; to approve
Forms: plural: clauses Forms: cleared; cleared; clearing

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clear
clear130.
129.
clear clear
adj. pure; obvious; easy to understand; comprehensible n. deletion; act of unmarking; removal of a mark from a
check box (Computers)
Forms: no plural
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clearly
clearance132.
131.
clearance clearly
n. release; approval; washing adv. obviously; apparently; unmistakably
Forms: no plural
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clerk
clerk134.
133.
clerk clerk
v. to work as an employee (i.e. in the legal or bank n. minor office worker; book-keeper; bureaucrat
business)
Forms: clerked; clerked; clerking Forms: plural: clerks

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climate
client136.
135.
client climate
n. customer; buyer; computer that serves as a terminal n. weather conditions; surrounding conditions;
atmosphere; setting
Forms: plural: clients Forms: plural: climates

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climb
climb138.
137.
climb climb
v. to ascend; to up; to slope upward; to move upward n. ascent
gradually
Forms: climbed; climbed; climbing Forms: plural: climbs

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clip
clip140.
139.
clip clip
v. to cut off; to curtail; to trim off n. clamp; fastener; shred; segment of video
Forms: clipped; clipped; clipping Forms: plural: clips

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clock
clipping142.
141.
clipping clock
n. article cut from a newspaper v. to measure time; to register on a time piece
Forms: plural: clippings Forms: clocked; clocked; clocking

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close
clock144.
143.
clock close
n. timepiece; device for telling time adv. nearby
Forms: plural: clocks

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close
close146.
145.
close close
n. end; conclusion; plug v. to shut; to be shut; to finish; to complete
Forms: plural: closes Forms: closed; closed; closing

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clout
close148.
147.
close clout
adj. near; adjacent; careful n. pull; influence; power; weight
Forms: plural: clouts

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coach
coach150.
149.
coach coach
v. to train; to teach; to instruct; to guide; to counsel n. trainer; tutor; teacher; bus
Forms: coached; coached; coaching Forms: plural: coaches

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coalition
coal152.
151.
coal coalition
n. fuel made from carbon; cinder; ember n. alliance; union; agreement
Forms: plural: coals Forms: plural: coalitions

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code
code154.
153.
code code
v. to cipher n. cipher; collection of instructions of the law
Forms: coded; coded; coding Forms: plural: codes

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coherent
cognition156.
155.
cognition coherent
n. awareness; perception adj. sticking together; consistent
Forms: plural: cognitions

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coin
cohesive158.
157.
cohesive coin
adj. sticking together; forming a unit or union; united; v. to mint; to invent a new word or phrase
related to each other
Forms: coined; coined; coining

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coincidence
coin160.
159.
coin coincidence
n. metal money; piece of stamped metal currency (as n. chance occurrence; unforeseen event
opposed to paper bills)
Forms: plural: coins Forms: plural: coincidences

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collaboration
collaborate162.
161.
collaborate collaboration
v. to work together; to cooperate n. working together; cooperation
Forms: collaborated; collaborated; collaborating Forms: plural: collaborations

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collateral
collate164.
163.
collate collateral
v. to compare in a critical manner; to verify; to collect; to adj. of secondary importance; insignificant; corresponding
compile
Forms: collated; collated; collating

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colleague
collateral166.
165.
collateral colleague
n. security deposit n. fellow worker; cowoker
Forms: plural: collaterals Forms: plural: colleagues

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collect
collect168.
167.
collect collect
adj. having the receiver pay the charges (for a phone call) v. to gather; to garner; to assemble; to accumulate; to
take payments
Forms: collected; collected; collecting

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collectible
collectible170.
169.
collectible collectible
adj. payable; subject to or requiring payment especially n. rare object
as specified
Forms: plural: collectibles

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college
collection172.
171.
collection college
n. selection; choice; assortment; accumulation n. institution of higher education that grants degrees; type
of school; council
Forms: plural: collections Forms: plural: colleges

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colloquial
collide174.
173.
collide colloquial
v. to crash; to meet head on; to come together with solid adj. conversational; not used in formal speaking or
or direct impact writing; informal
Forms: collided; collided; colliding

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combine
combination176.
175.
combination combine
n. joining; union; an ordered sequence v. to unite; to join; to come together; to become one
Forms: plural: combinations Forms: combined; combined; combining

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across
come
combine178.
177.
combine come across

n. harvesting machine v. to happen upon; to find by chance; to discover; to see
Forms: plural: combines Forms: came across; come across; coming across
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comfort
along180.
come
179.
come along comfort
v. to accompany someone; to appear; to advance; to v. to bring relief; to encourage; to console
succeed
Forms: came along; come along; coming along Forms: comforted; comforted; comforting
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comfortable
comfort182.
181.
comfort comfortable
n. relief; consolation; coziness adj. easy; relaxing; cosy; financially well to do
Forms: no plural
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command
comforting184.
183.
comforting command
adj. consoling; encouraging; reassuring; brining relief; v. to rule; to control; to be in charge; to be in authority
heartening
Forms: commanded; commanded; commanding

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comment
command186.
185.
command comment
n. order; direction; control; domination; headquarters v. to make a remark; to explain; to write an explanatory
note
Forms: plural: commands Forms: commented; commented; commenting

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commentary
comment188.
187.
comment commentary
n. remark; note; statement; explanation n. series of remarks; explanation (often written in essay
or book form)
Forms: plural: comments Forms: plural: commentaries

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commercial
commerce190.
189.
commerce commercial
n. trade; business; transactions; exchange of adj. pertaining to business; pertaining to buying and
products/services and money selling
Forms: no plural
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
commission
commercial192.
191.
commercial commission
n. television or radio advertisement v. to contract; to empower; to authorize; to confer
Forms: plural: commercials Forms: commissioned; commissioned; commissioning

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commit
commission194.
193.
commission commit
n. percentage of profits earned by a salesperson v. to perform; to do; to engage
Forms: plural: commissions Forms: committed; committed; committing

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committed
commitment196.
195.
commitment committed
n. obligation; promise adj. obligated; engaged; industrious; ambitious; loyal
Forms: plural: commitments

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common
commodity198.
197.
commodity common
n. merchandise; goods; item that is bought and sold; adj. shared; ordinary; mediocre; average; public
something useful
Forms: plural: commodities

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communication
common200.
199.
common communication
n. open public area in a city or town; park; square n. exchange of information or ideas; transfer; passing
along; letter; message
Forms: plural: commons Forms: plural: communications

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commuter
commute202.
201.
commute commuter
v. to exchange; to replace; to convert; to travel back and n. person who travels back and forth between home and
forth regularly (i.e. to work) work
Forms: commuted; commuted; commuting Forms: plural: commuters

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comparatively
company204.
203.
company comparatively
n. corporation; firm; ensemble; association with another adv. relatively
Forms: plural: companies

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
compare
compare206.
205.
compare compare
v. to show how (people or things) are alike or different; to n. contrast
consider to be similar
Forms: compared; compared; comparing Forms: plural: compares

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compartmentalize
comparison208.
207.
comparison compartmentalize
n. pointing out of similarities and differences; similarity; v. to separate into sections; to partition
likeness
Forms: plural: comparisons Forms: compartmentalized; compartmentalized;

compartmentalizing
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compatible
compatible210.
209.
compatible compatible
adj. congruous n. piece of equipment which can be used with other
machines without alternation
Forms: plural: compatibles

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compensate
compel212.
211.
compel compensate
v. to force; to coerce; to influence; to impose; to demand v. to reward; to reimburse; to pay back; to make up for
Forms: compelled; compelled; compelling Forms: compensated; compensated; compensating

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compete
compensation214.
213.
compensation compete
n. repayment; something done to make up for (a loss, v. to contest; to contend against another; to participate in
deficiency or fault) a contest
Forms: plural: compensations Forms: competed; competed; competing

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competition
competent216.
215.
competent competition
adj. adept; capable; suitably skilled; well qualified; n. rivalry; contest; act of competing against another
experienced
Forms: plural: competitions

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competitor
competitive218.
217.
competitive competitor
adj. involving rivalry; tending to contest n. rival; (i.e. Coca Cola and Pepsi); person who
participates in a contest
Forms: plural: competitors

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complain
complacent220.
219.
complacent complain
adj. content; self-satisfied; comfortable; smug v. to find fault; to express displeasure; to protest
Forms: complained; complained; complaining

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complete
complaint222.
221.
complaint complete
n. finding fault; act of expressing displeasure; pleading adj. whole; perfect; finished
entered by a plaintiff (Law)
Forms: plural: complaints

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
completion
complete224.
223.
complete completion
v. to make whole; to finish; to perfect n. finishing; finalizing
Forms: completed; completed; completing Forms: no plural

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
compliant
complex226.
225.
complex compliant
n. compound; various objects that for m a unit adj. obedient; submissive; obliging; yielding; acquiescent
Forms: plural: complexes

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
complicated
complicate228.
227.
complicate complicated
v. to confuse; to make hard to understand; to make adj. confusing; hard to understand; difficult; complex
difficult; to make complex
Forms: complicated; complicated; complicating

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comply
compliment230.
229.
compliment comply
n. expression of admiration; word of praise for someone v. to submit; to consent; to obey; to agree with
Forms: plural: compliments Forms: complied; complied; complying

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compose
component232.
231.
component compose
n. ingredient; single piece which forms part of a larger v. to create; to write; to relax; to calm oneself; to settle
unit; part; constituent; element
Forms: plural: components Forms: composed; composed; composing

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composure
composition234.
233.
composition composure
n. make-up; constitution; essay n. serenity; self-control; calmness; coolness
Forms: plural: compositions Forms: no plural

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
comprehensive
comprehend236.
235.
comprehend comprehensive
v. to understand; to contain; to grasp; to absorb; to adj. including a lot; large in scope; extensive
perceive
Forms: comprehended; comprehended; comprehending

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compromise
comprise238.
237.
comprise compromise
v. to include; to contain; to consist v. to establish an agreement; to settle a dispute
Forms: comprised; comprised; comprising Forms: compromised; compromised; compromising

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compute
compromise240.
239.
compromise compute
n. agreement; settling of a disagreement by making v. to calculate; to figure; to estimate
mutual concessions
Forms: plural: compromises Forms: computed; computed; computing

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conceive
conceal242.
241.
conceal conceive
v. to hide; to keep secret; to cover up v. to understand; to comprehend; to grasp
Forms: concealed; concealed; concealing Forms: conceived; conceived; conceiving

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
concept
concentrate244.
243.
concentrate concept
v. to focus; to pay attention n. plan; idea; thought; structure; system
Forms: concentrated; concentrated; concentrating Forms: plural: concepts

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concern
conceptualize246.
245.
conceptualize concern
v. to plan; to design; to imagine; to conceive; to envision v. to involve; to affect; to worry; to interest; to relate to
Forms: conceptualized; conceptualized; conceptualizing Forms: concerned; concerned; concerning

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
concerning
concern248.
247.
concern concerning
n. worry; issue; problem; group of companies; large prep. about
corporation
Forms: plural: concerns

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conclusion
conclude250.
249.
conclude conclusion
v. to finish; to infer; to deduce; to make a decision n. end; deduction; cognition; final decision
Forms: concluded; concluded; concluding Forms: plural: conclusions

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concrete
concoct252.
251.
concoct concrete
v. to invent; to create; to contrive; to think up adj. tangible; real; substantial; solid
Forms: concocted; concocted; concocting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
concrete
concrete254.
253.
concrete concrete
n. cement; something tangible (idea, object, etc.) v. to solidify
Forms: no plural Forms: concreted; concreted; concreting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
condition
concur256.
255.
concur condition
v. to agree; to harmonize; to coincide; to collaborate; to n. situation; requirement; circumstance; stipulation
consent
Forms: concurred; concurred; concurring Forms: plural: conditions

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conduct
condition258.
257.
condition conduct
v. to train; to accustom; to adapt; to stipulate; to prepare n. behavior; management
Forms: conditioned; conditioned; conditioning Forms: no plural

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
conference
conduct260.
259.
conduct conference
v. to behave; to manage; to carry out; to transmit n. meeting; seminar; convention
Forms: conducted; conducted; conducting Forms: plural: conferences

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
confident
confidence262.
261.
confidence confident
n. trust; certainty; faith in oneself; secret adj. certain; sure of oneself; composed
Forms: no plural
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
confirm
confidential264.
263.
confidential confirm
adj. classified; secret; strictly private v. to approve; to verify; to ascertain
Forms: confirmed; confirmed; confirming

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
confuse
confirmation266.
265.
confirmation confuse
n. formal approval; proof; verification; religious ceremony v. to embarrass; to mix up; to muddle up; to bewilder; to
startle
Forms: plural: confirmations Forms: confused; confused; confusing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
congruent
confusion268.
267.
confusion congruent
n. disorder; embarrassment; bewilderment adj. identical; corresponding; in agreement; harmonious
Forms: plural: confusions

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conjure
conjunction270.
269.
conjunction conjure
n. connection; link; uniting; joining v. to appeal; to summon; to invoke; to implore
Forms: plural: conjunctions Forms: conjured; conjured; conjuring

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conscientious
connote272.
271.
connote conscientious
v. to imply; to suggest; to hint adj. careful; wanting to do what is right
Forms: connoted; connoted; connoting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
conscious
conscientiously274.
273.
conscientiously conscious
adv. dutifully; with care; thoroughly adj. aware; awake; attentive
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
consciousness
consciously276.
275.
consciously consciousness
adv. knowingly; with awareness n. awareness; cognition; ability to perceive
Forms: no plural
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
consequently
consecutive278.
277.
consecutive consequently
adj. sequential; following one after another adv. as a result; therefore
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
conservative
conservative280.
279.
conservative conservative
adj. resisting change; desiring to preserve traditions; n. person who is resistant to change; person who favors
cautious traditional political parties
Forms: plural: conservatives

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conserve
conserve282.
281.
conserve conserve
v. to protect; to guard from harm n. marmalade; jam
Forms: conserved; conserved; conserving Forms: plural: conserves

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consideration
consider284.
283.
consider consideration
v. to think over; to believe; to regard; to take into account n. payment; thoughtfulness; respectfulness; careful
attention
Forms: considered; considered; considering Forms: plural: considerations

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
consignment
considering286.
285.
considering consignment
prep. taking into account; in light of n. delivery; dispatch; conveyance
Forms: plural: consignments

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
consistency
consist288.
287.
consist consistency
v. to be composed of; to be made up of n. material coherence; firmness; persistence;
steadfastness
Forms: consisted; consisted; consisting Forms: no plural

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
consistently
consistent290.
289.
consistent consistently
adj. coherent; steadfast; firm adv. regularly; persistently; steadily; stably
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
constant
consortium292.
291.
consortium constant
n. partnership; association n. number with a fixed value; factor
Forms: plural: consortiums Forms: plural: constants

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
constrain
constant294.
293.
constant constrain
adj. firm; faithful; persistent; unbending; adamant v. to compel; to reinforce; to oblige; to coerce
Forms: constrained; constrained; constraining

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
construction
constraint296.
295.
constraint construction
n. restriction; force; limitation; limit n. building; structure; the industry of erecting buildings
Forms: plural: constraints Forms: plural: constructions

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
consultancy
construe298.
297.
construe consultancy
v. to interpret; to see; to perceive n. the practice of giving expert advice within a particular
field
Forms: construed; construed; construing Forms: plural: consultancies

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consume
consultant300.
299.
consultant consume
n. advisor (adviser); counselor; coach; person who gives v. to eat or drink; to use up; to destroy
professional advice
Forms: plural: consultants Forms: consumed; consumed; consuming

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consumption
consumer302.
301.
consumer consumption
n. buyer; client n. using up
Forms: plural: consumers Forms: no plural

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
contact
contact304.
303.
contact contact
v. to establish communication; to make a connection; to n. link; connection; touch; interface
link to; to connect with
Forms: contacted; contacted; contacting Forms: plural: contacts

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
contemporary
contain306.
305.
contain contemporary
v. to include; to hold back; to restrain; to keep under adj. modern; current
control
Forms: contained; contained; containing

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content
contemporary308.
307.
contemporary content
n. person living at about the same time as another person adj. satisfied; pleased
Forms: plural: contemporaries

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content
content310.
309.
content content
n. substance; component; all that is inside of something v. to satisfy; to please; to meet a request
Forms: plural: contents Forms: contented; contented; contenting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
contest
contest312.
311.
contest contest
v. to fight for; to challenge; to appeal n. competition
Forms: contested; contested; contesting Forms: plural: contests

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
continue
context314.
313.
context continue
n. connection; overall situation; background v. to go on; to keep doing something; to last; to
perpetuate
Forms: plural: contexts Forms: continued; continued; continuing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
continuous
continuity316.
315.
continuity continuous
n. stability; consistency; continuousness; unbroken adj. successive; uninterrupted; permanent
succession
Forms: no plural
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
contract
contract318.
317.
contract contract
v. to create a formal agreement; to bind legally; to obtain n. agreement; pact; deal
Forms: contracted; contracted; contracting Forms: plural: contracts

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
contrary
contractor320.
319.
contractor contrary
n. person or company that does a particular job or adv. in opposition; against; counter
assignment
Forms: plural: contractors

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contrary
contrary322.
321.
contrary contrary
n. something which is opposite adj. opposed
Forms: plural: contraries

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control
contrive324.
323.
contrive control
v. to devise; to invent; to dream up; to design (often in a n. rule; command; supervision; restraint
negative way)
Forms: contrived; contrived; contriving Forms: plural: controls

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convenience
controlling326.
325.
controlling convenience
adj. ruling; supervising; regulating; managing; restraining n. comfort; fitness or suitability for performing an action
Forms: plural: conveniences

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convention
convenient328.
327.
convenient convention
adj. comfortable; useful; serviceable n. conference; routine; custom; treaty
Forms: plural: conventions

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
converge
conventional330.
329.
conventional converge
adj. customary; routine; formal v. to meet; to assemble to gather; to get together
Forms: converged; converged; converging

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
conversation
conversant332.
331.
conversant conversation
adj. well-versed; proficient; skilled n. talk; dialog; discussion; verbal exchange
Forms: plural: conversations

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conveyance
convey334.
333.
convey conveyance
v. to carry; to impart or to communicate by statement, n. the act of transferring a property title from one person
suggestion, gesture or appearance to another
Forms: conveyed; conveyed; conveying Forms: plural: conveyances

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
convince
conviction336.
335.
conviction convince
n. acknowledgment; strong persuasion or belief; v. to persuade; to influence; to prove
condemnation
Forms: plural: convictions Forms: convinced; convinced; convincing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
cook
cook338.
337.
cook cook
v. to prepare food by heating; to falsify account records n. a person who prepares food
Forms: cooked; cooked; cooking Forms: plural: cooks

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
coordinate
cooperation340.
339.
cooperation coordinate
n. collaboration; working together adj. equal; equivalent; of equal rank or authority
Forms: plural: cooperations

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
coordinate
coordinate342.
341.
coordinate coordinate
n. reference point; geographical location v. to arrange in proper order
Forms: plural: coordinates Forms: coordinated; coordinated; coordinating

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
copy
cope344.
343.
cope copy
v. to manage in spite of difficulty; to struggle successfully v. to duplicate; to imitate
Forms: coped; coped; coping Forms: copied; copied; copying

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
cordially
copy346.
345.
copy cordially
n. duplicate; photostat adv. in a friendly manner; warmly
Forms: plural: copies

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
corner
corner348.
347.
corner corner
v. to hold at bay; to gain advantage on the market; to n. place where two surfaces meet; angle
approach; to catch; to trap
Forms: cornered; cornered; cornering Forms: plural: corners

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
corporate
corp.350.
349.
corp. corporate
abbr. large company; firm; business adj. common; shared; collective
Forms: corporation
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
correct
correct352.
351.
correct correct
adj. right; proper; exact; accurate v. to make right; to amend
Forms: corrected; corrected; correcting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
corrupt
correlation354.
353.
correlation corrupt
n. mutual connection (between two or more things); adj. spoiled; immoral; dishonest; perverted
similarity; parallel
Forms: plural: correlations

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
corruption
corrupt356.
355.
corrupt corruption
v. to cause to be dishonest; to pervert; to spoil n. dishonesty; immorality; irregularity; unlawfulness;
illegality
Forms: corrupted; corrupted; corruption Forms: no plural

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cost
cost358.
357.
cost cost
v. to have a price; to require payment; to set a price n. price; expense
Forms: cost; cost; costing Forms: plural: costs

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
counsel
council360.
359.
council counsel
n. assembly; board; group of people (gathered to advise, v. to advise; to instruct; to coach; to advocate
plan, etc.)
Forms: plural: councils Forms: counseled; counseled; counseling

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
counter
counsel362.
361.
counsel counter
n. advice; person who gives advice; attorney; lawyer pref. against; opposed
Forms: plural: counsels

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
counter
counter364.
363.
counter counter
n. bar; counting device v. to oppose; to retaliate; to react; to strike back
Forms: plural: counters Forms: countered; countered; countering

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
counterbalance
counter366.
365.
counter counterbalance
adv. against; in contrast to v. to act against; to oppose (with an equal weight, force
etc.)
Forms: counterbalanced; counterbalanced;

counterbalancing
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
couple
counterbalance368.
367.
counterbalance couple
n. equal weight or power acting in opposition v. to connect; to join; to link
Forms: plural: counterbalances Forms: coupled; coupled; coupling

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
coupon
couple370.
369.
couple coupon
n. pair; group of two n. printed form that entitles the holder to certain rights
such as in a discount
Forms: plural: couples Forms: plural: coupons

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
course
courier372.
371.
courier course
n. messenger; company that delivers messages, v. to hunt; to pursue; to run over; to race
documents, parcels, etc.
Forms: plural: couriers Forms: coursed; coursed; coursing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
court
course374.
373.
course court
n. direction; series of lessons or training units; layer; part v. to seek to please; to flatter; to seek to gain the
of a meal affections of someone
Forms: plural: courses Forms: courted; courted; courting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
courteously
court376.
375.
court courteously
n. yard; formal reception; place where legal trials take adv. politely; respectfully; graciously
place
Forms: plural: courts

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
cover
courtesy378.
377.
courtesy cover
n. politeness; good manners; cordiality; civility v. to encase; to review; to protect; to include; to insure
Forms: plural: courtesies Forms: covered; covered; covering

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
coverage
cover380.
379.
cover coverage
n. insurance; shelter; casing; front; lid n. survey; review; news reporting; insurance
Forms: plural: covers Forms: no plural

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
craft
craft382.
381.
craft craft
v. to shape with skill n. trade; skill; occupation; boat; plane
Forms: crafted; crafted; crafting Forms: plural: crafts

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
crate
crafted384.
383.
crafted crate
adj. produced; made; manufactured v. to pack in a box
Forms: crated; crated; crating

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
create
crate386.
385.
crate create
n. wooden box; old car; old plane v. to produce; to design; to make; to manufacture
Forms: plural: crates Forms: created; created; creating

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
creativity
creative388.
387.
creative creativity
adj. inventive; innovative; artistic n. innovativeness; inventiveness
Forms: no plural
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
credit
credible390.
389.
credible credit
adj. reliable; trustworthy; dependable v. to believe; to have faith in; to supply goods by deferred
payment
Forms: credited; credited; credited

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
risk
credit
credit392.
391.
credit credit risk
n. money (in a bank account); trust; confidence; respect n. the prospect that a bond issuer will fail to make
required debt payments
Forms: plural: credits Forms: plural: credit risks

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
crew
creditor394.
393.
creditor crew
n. person or organization that lends something; lender; n. group of people working together; team
loaner; moneylender
Forms: plural: creditors Forms: plural: crews

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
critical
criterion396.
395.
criterion critical
n. standard against which something is measured; factor; adj. judgmental; important; crucial; vital
discipline
Forms: plural: criteria

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
crop
criticize398.
397.
criticize crop
v. to disapprove; to censure; to find fault n. harvest; produce (Agriculture); group; whip; short
haircut
Forms: criticized; criticizing Forms: plural: crops

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
crowd
crop400.
399.
crop crowd
v. to harvest; to cut short; to clip n. public; large group of people; gathering
Forms: cropped; cropped; cropping Forms: plural: crowds

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
crowded
crowd402.
401.
crowd crowded
v. to gather together; to group together; to press in adj. full; packed; crammed together
Forms: crowded; crowded; crowding

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
cruise
crucial404.
403.
crucial cruise
adj. very important; critical; decisive; vital n. traveling on a ship; sea voyage; sailing
Forms: plural: cruises

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
crux
cruise406.
405.
cruise crux
v. to sail; to move at a moderate speed; to travel; to n. heart of the matter; main point
coast; to drive along slowly
Forms: cruised; cruised; cruising Forms: plural: cruces or cruxes

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
cure
cuisine408.
407.
cuisine cure
n. style of cooking; national food n. method or course that restores health; prescribed
treatment for an illness
Forms: plural: cuisines Forms: plural: cures

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
curious
cure410.
409.
cure curious
v. to restore to health; to make well; to correct a bad adj. inquisitive; desiring to know and understand; odd;
habit; to preserve food strange; rare
Forms: cured; cured; curing

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current
currency412.
411.
currency current
n. national money of a country; circulation; custom; n. flow (of water, electricity, etc.); process; tendency;
prevalence direction
Forms: plural: currencies Forms: plural: currents

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curt
current414.
413.
current curt
adj. recent; common; prevalent; present; popular adj. brief; blunt; rude
Forms: curter; curtest

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
cushion
curtly416.
415.
curtly cushion
adv. briefly; bluntly; rudely n. pillow; soft padded object
Forms: plural: cushions

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
custom
cushion418.
417.
cushion custom
v. to reduce; to protect; to soften; to upholster n. habit; tradition; convention
Forms: cushioned; cushioned; cushioning Forms: plural: customs

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
customize
customer420.
419.
customer customize
n. client; buyer; person who buys a product or service v. to make or to fit according to individual needs or
desires; to personalize; to individualize
Forms: plural: customers Forms: customized; customized; customizing

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cutback
customs422.
421.
customs cutback
n. government department responsible for collecting n. reduction; curtailing; decrease
taxes on imports
Forms: only plural Forms: plural: cutbacks

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cycle
cycle424.
423.
cycle cycle
v. to ride a bike n. series (of stories, articles, reports etc.); recurring
period of time
Forms: cycled; cycled; cycling Forms: plural: cycles

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
D 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words
daily
daily2.
D1.
daily daily
n. newspaper that is published 5 to 7 times a week adj. occurring on a regular basis
Forms: plural: dailies

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damage
damage4.
3.
damage damage
n. injury; harm v. to cause harm; to cause injury; to destroy partly
Forms: plural: damages Forms: damaged; damaged; damaging

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dash
danger6.
5.
danger dash
n. risk; peril; hazard n. hyphen; drop; pinch; rush; sprint
Forms: plural: dangers Forms: plural: dashes

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
date
dash8.
7.
dash date
v. to move with sudden speed; to bolt; to shatter; to hurl; n. day, month and year according to the calendar;
to cast interview; meeting
Forms: dashed; dashed; dashing Forms: plural: dates

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deal
deadline10.
9.
deadline deal
n. time when a project; assignment; task or job must be n. agreement; business transaction; exchange; amount
completed or turned in
Forms: plural: deadlines Forms: plural: deals

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
dealer
deal12.
11.
deal dealer
v. to provide; to offer; to distribute; to supply; to sell; to n. supplier; seller; merchant; agent; sales representative
trade
Forms: dealt; dealt; dealing Forms: plural: dealers

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debate
dealing14.
13.
dealing debate
n. manner of doing business; behavior; distribution; giving n. argument; dispute; discussion; conversation
out
Forms: plural: dealings Forms: plural: debates

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
debris
debate16.
15.
debate debris
v. to argue; to discuss; to consider; to ponder n. rubble; ruins; wreckage; fragments
Forms: debated; debated; debating Forms: no plural

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
debut
debt18.
17.
debt debut
n. obligation; something owed (i.e. money) n. opening of a show; first public appearance
Forms: plural: debts Forms: plural: debuts

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
decade
debut20.
19.
debut decade
v. to perform for the first time; to make one's premiere n. ten years; group of tens
performance
Forms: debuted; debuted; debuting Forms: plural: decades

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decision
decide22.
21.
decide decision
v. to choose; to select from several options; to conclude; n. determination; resolution; ruling (especially in court)
to resolve
Forms: decided; decided; deciding Forms: plural: decisions

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declare
declaration24.
23.
declaration declare
n. statement; proclamation; announcement v. to proclaim; to make a statement; to make a full
statement of (one's taxable or dutiable property)
Forms: plural: declarations Forms: declared; declared; declaring

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
decline
decline26.
25.
decline decline
n. downward; descent; slope; ebb v. to refuse; to go down; to decrease; to fall
Forms: plural: declines Forms: declined; declined; declining

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
decrease
decrease28.
27.
decrease decrease
n. decline; reduction; lessening v. to reduce; to lessen; to decline
Forms: plural: decreases Forms: decreased; decreased; decreasing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
dedication
dedicate30.
29.
dedicate dedication
v. to devote to; to set apart for; to inscribe (a book, poem, n. setting apart; devotion; inscription (in a book, poem,
song, story, etc.) to someone etc.)
Forms: dedicated; dedicated; dedicating Forms: plural: dedications

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default
surrender32.
of
deed
31.
deed of surrender default
n. a legal document that temporarily transfers a property v. to fail to perform a duty; to fail to pay on time; to fail to
from one individual to another appear in court
Forms: plural: deeds of surrender Forms: defaulted; defaulted; defaulting

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defect
default34.
33.
default defect
n. failure to perform a duty; option on a computer which is v. to desert; to abandon; to change sides
automatically selected
Forms: plural: defaults Forms: defected; defected; defecting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
defend
defect36.
35.
defect defend
n. deficiency; flaw v. to protect; to secure; to vindicate
Forms: plural: defects Forms: defended; defended; defending

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
define
defense38.
37.
defense define
n. protection; security; rampart; shield v. to explain; to clarify; to limit; to set boundaries
Forms: plural: defenses Forms: defined; defined; defining

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
degree
definition40.
39.
definition degree
n. explanation; meaning; interpretation (as of a word or n. rank; extent; university certificate
term)
Forms: plural: definitions Forms: plural: degrees

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
delay
delay42.
41.
delay delay
v. to postpone; to hinder; to linger; to move slowly; to n. postponement; hindrance; hold-up; stopping; lingering
loiter
Forms: delayed; delayed; delaying Forms: plural: delays

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delegate
delegate44.
43.
delegate delegate
v. to authorize; to appoint as representative; to pass a n. representative; deputy; agent; participant of a
duty or responsibility on to someone else conference, convention, seminar etc.
Forms: delegated; delegated; delegating Forms: plural: delegates

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
deliberately
delete46.
45.
delete deliberately
v. to remove totally; to erase; to eliminate adv. intentionally; purposefully; methodically
Forms: deleted; deleted; deleting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
deliver
delicious48.
47.
delicious deliver
adj. tasty; having a pleasant taste or smell v. to convey; to give; to bring; to distribute; to express
Forms: delivered; delivered; delivering

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
demand
delivery50.
49.
delivery demand
n. distribution; liberation; transference v. to claim; to require; to request strongly
Forms: plural: deliveries Forms: demanded; demanded; demanding

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
demeanor
demand52.
51.
demand demeanor
n. claim; requirement; strong request n. behavior; conduct; bearing; appearance
Forms: plural: demands Forms: plural: demeanors

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
demolish
demographics54.
53.
demographics demolish
n. study of the statistical characteristics of a population v. to destroy; to ruin; to tear down; to remove
Forms: only plural Forms: demolished; demolished, demolishing

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demonstration
demonstrate56.
55.
demonstrate demonstration
v. to present; to show or illustrate something through n. exhibition; explanation; showing
example, or physical demonstrations
Forms: demonstrated; demonstrated; demonstrating Forms: plural: demonstrations

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
denominator
denial58.
57.
denial denominator
n. refusal to accept; refusal to believe; refusal to n. shared characteristic; common feature
recognize
Forms: plural: denials Forms: plural: denominators

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density
dense60.
59.
dense density
adj. compact; having a high mass per unit volume; close n. compactness; closeness
Forms: plural: densities

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depart
deny62.
61.
deny depart
v. to say that something is not true; to refuse; to renounce v. to leave; to go away; to go in a different direction; to
die
Forms: denied; denied; denying Forms: departed; departed; departing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
departmental
department64.
63.
department departmental
n. division of a company; section; area adj. arranged in divisions; divisional; concerning an office
Forms: plural: departments

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
depend
departure66.
65.
departure depend
n. leaving; going away; opposite of arrival v. to rely on; to trust; to be supported by
Forms: plural: departures Forms: depended; depended; depending

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
dependent
dependent68.
67.
dependent dependent
adj. relying on; needing (the help or support of another n. one who relies on another especially for financial
person); conditional; contingent support
Forms: plural: dependents

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
deploy
depict70.
69.
depict deploy
v. to describe; to illustrate; to characterize; to portray; to v. to speak out; to move into a position of readiness and
elucidate availability
Forms: depicted; depicted; depicting Forms: deployed; deployed; deploying

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deposit
deposit72.
71.
deposit deposit
v. to put a sum of money in a bank for safekeeping; to n. sum of money that has been put in a bank for
pay in part; to set down safekeeping; partial payment; pledge
Forms: deposited; deposited; depositing Forms: plural: deposits

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describe
deregulation74.
73.
deregulation describe
n. transferal of ownership from government to private v. to illustrate; to explain; to characterize; to elucidate
hands; privatization
Forms: plural: deregulations Forms: described; described; describing

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deserve
description76.
75.
description deserve
n. explanation; illustration; instruction v. to be worthy of; to have a right to
Forms: plural: descriptions Forms: deserved; deserved; deserving

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
design
design78.
77.
design design
v. to create; to conceive; to produce; to conceptualize n. plan; sketch; model; layout; structure
Forms: designed; designed; designing Forms: plural: designs

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
despite
desk80.
79.
desk despite
n. office table prep. notwithstanding
Forms: plural: desks

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
destroy
destination82.
81.
destination destroy
n. place where one is going; the purpose for which v. to demolish; to ruin; to destruct; to erase
something is destined
Forms: plural: destinations Forms: destroyed; destroyed; destroying

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detail
destruction84.
83.
destruction detail
n. ruin; desolation; annihilation v. to list; to describe; to specify; to assign
Forms: plural: destructions Forms: detailed; detailed; detailing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
detailed
detail86.
85.
detail detailed
n. item; piece of information; part of a whole adj. itemized; marked by thoroughness in treating small
items or parts
Forms: plural: details

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
determine
detect88.
87.
detect determine
v. to discover; to discern; to find out v. to decide; to define; to conclude; to cause; to affect
Forms: detected; detected; detecting Forms: determined; determined; determining

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
developer
develop90.
89.
develop developer
v. to build; to create; to design; to grow n. person who creates something; chemical substance
used in photography
Forms: developed; developed; developing Forms: plural: developers

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
device
development92.
91.
development device
n. evolvement; gradual growth; evolution; maturation; n. apparatus; appliance; gadget; trick; scheme
progression
Forms: plural: developments Forms: plural: devices

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
dial
devise94.
93.
devise dial
v. to plan; to invent; to design v. to press buttons; to place a phone call by pressing
buttons
Forms: devised; devised; devising Forms: dialed; dialed; dialing; dialed; dialed; dialing
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
diary
dial96.
95.
dial diary
n. rotatable disk on a telephone n. written account of daily events and occurrences;
journal; daily calendar; log book; blog
Forms: plural: dials Forms: plural: diaries

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dictate
dictate98.
97.
dictate dictate
v. to say something aloud for someone to write down; to n. ruling principle; command; decree
command; to order; to impose
Forms: dictated; dictated; dictating Forms: plural: dictates

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diet
diet100.
99.
diet diet
v. to limit the amount of food eaten; to eat only certain n. nourishment; nutrition; food and drink; regimen; weight
kinds of food loss plan
Forms: dieted; dieted; dieting Forms: plural: diets

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difference
dietician102.
101.
dietician difference
n. nutritionist; expert on nutrition n. distinction; unusual quality; disagreement; remainder
Forms: plural: dieticians Forms: plural: differences

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
difficult
different104.
103.
different difficult
adj. not the same; unusual; distinctive adj. hard; troublesome; complicated; complex
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
digital
difficulty106.
105.
difficulty digital
n. problem; challenge; hardship; trouble adj. using numbers; with numbers
Forms: plural: difficulties

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
diligent
dignity108.
107.
dignity diligent
n. respected position; honor; nobility adj. ambitious; industrious; hard-working
Forms: no plural
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
direct
direct110.
109.
direct direct
adj. straight; forthright; clear adv. clearly; in a straightforward manner
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
direction
direct112.
111.
direct direction
v. to guide; to lead; to instruct; to manage; to supervise n. guidance; supervision; conducting; management
Forms: directed; directed; directing Forms: plural: directions

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
directly
directly114.
113.
directly directly
conj. immediately following; the moment that; as soon as adv. clearly; straight; frankly; immediately; soon
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
directory
director116.
115.
director directory
n. boss; supervisor; manager; head n. guidebook; library; catalog
Forms: plural: directors Forms: plural: directories

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
disappear
disagree118.
117.
disagree disappear
v. to have different opinions; to differ v. to go out of sight; to become extinct; to cease to exist;
to vanish
Forms: disagreed; disagreed; disagreeing Forms: disappeared; disappeared; disappearing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
discard
discard120.
119.
discard discard
v. to throw away; to get rid of n. garbage; refuse; scrap
Forms: discarded; discarded; discarding Forms: plural: discards

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
discipline
discern122.
121.
discern discipline
v. to distinguish; to perceive; to recognize; to discriminate n. training
Forms: discerned; discerned; discerning Forms: plural: disciplines

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
disclaimer
disclaim124.
123.
disclaim disclaimer
v. to deny connection with; to renounce; to repudiate; to n. statement which denies responsibility or affiliation;
disavow repudiation; denial
Forms: disclaimed; disclaimed; disclaiming Forms: plural: disclaimers

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
discount
discount126.
125.
discount discount
v. to reduce the price of; to mark down; to ignore n. price reduction; rebate
Forms: discounted; discounted; discounting Forms: plural: discounts

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
discouraged
discourage128.
127.
discourage discouraged
v. to cause to lose heart; to deter; to dissuade; to show adj. deprived of hope or confidence; dissuaded from
disapproval of; to derail
Forms: discouraged; discouraged; discouraging

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
discover
discouragement130.
129.
discouragement discover
n. derailment; feeling of despair in the face of obstacles v. to find out; to come across; to get information about
something
Forms: plural: discouragements Forms: discovered; discovered; discovering

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
discretion
discrete132.
131.
discrete discretion
adj. separate; individual; discontinuous n. caution; wisdom; careful judgment
Forms: no plural
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
discussion
discuss134.
133.
discuss discussion
v. to talk about; to debate; to converse n. debate; conversation; talk; dispute; argument
Forms: discussed; discussed; discussing Forms: plural: discussions

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
disembark
disease136.
135.
disease disembark
n. sickness; illness v. to go ashore from a boat; to leave a plane or vehicle; to
land
Forms: plural: diseases Forms: disembarked; disembarked; disembarking

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
dislodge
disk138.
137.
disk dislodge
n. flat circular object v. to extricate; to remove; to evict; to oust; to expel
Forms: plural: disks Forms: dislodged; dislodged; dislodging

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
dismiss
dismal140.
139.
dismal dismiss
adj. gloomy; cheerless; bad; depressing; sad v. to send away; to fire; to release; to free
Forms: dismissed; dismissed; dismissing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
dispatch
disparate142.
141.
disparate dispatch
adj. markedly different; contrasting n. sending off; shipment; message; communication;
promptness
Forms: plural: dispatches

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
dispense
dispatch144.
143.
dispatch dispense
v. to send off quickly; to dismiss; to conclude with speed n. expenditure; pardon
and efficiency; to eliminate
Forms: dispatched; dispatched; dispatching Forms: plural: dispenses

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
display
dispense146.
145.
dispense display
v. to do without; to give up; to distribute; to give out; to n. presentation; show; screen; monitor; exposure;
hand out exhibition
Forms: dispensed; dispensed; dispensing Forms: plural: displays

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
disposal
display148.
147.
display disposal
v. to put out for others to see; to show; to exhibit; to n. getting rid of; arranging
reveal
Forms: displayed; displayed; displaying Forms: plural: disposals

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
disposition
dispose150.
149.
dispose disposition
v. to control; to arrange; to put in order n. character; nature; trait; arrangement; placement
Forms: disposed; disposed; disposing Forms: plural: dispositions

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
dispute
dispute152.
151.
dispute dispute
n. quarrel; disagreement; argument v. to argue; to debate; to contest; to oppose; to fight
against
Forms: plural: disputes Forms: disputed; disputed; disputing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
dissipate
disrupt154.
153.
disrupt dissipate
v. to upset; to disturb; to divide v. to scatter; to spread out; to be scattered
Forms: disrupted; disrupted; disrupting Forms: dissipated; dissipated; dissipating

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
distinguish
distinctive156.
155.
distinctive distinguish
adj. special; unique; different v. to mark as different; to see as different; to discern; to
recognize
Forms: distinguished; distinguished; distinguishing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
distributor
distract158.
157.
distract distributor
v. to disturb; to confuse; to worry; to divert; to amuse n. person, company or organization that markets a
commodity, product or service; wholesaler; dealer
Forms: distracted; distracted; distracting Forms: plural: distributors

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
diverse
disturb160.
159.
disturb diverse
v. to bother; to interrupt; to confuse; to worry adj. different; varied
Forms: disturbed; disturbed; disturbing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
diversify
diversification162.
161.
diversification diversify
n. process of becoming varied; sale of a variety of v. to make different; to invest one's assets in various
products and services securities
Forms: plural: diversifications Forms: diversified; diversified; diversifying

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
divert
diversity164.
163.
diversity divert
n. variety; difference; unlikeness v. to distract; to entertain; to turn in a different direction;
to deflect
Forms: plural: diversities Forms: diverted; diverted; diverting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
divide
divide166.
165.
divide divide
n. separation; ridge between drainage areas; watershed v. to separate into parts; to part; to share; to apportion
Forms: plural: divides Forms: divided; divided; dividing

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doctor
division168.
167.
division doctor
n. partitioning; department; faculty; ranking; level n. person who is licensed to practice medicine (i.e.
according to difficulty physician, surgeon etc.)
Forms: plural: divisions Forms: plural: doctors

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
document
doctor170.
169.
doctor document
v. to provide medical treatment; to fix; to repair; to mend n. certificate; written file
Forms: doctored; doctored; doctoring Forms: plural: documents

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
documentation
document172.
171.
document documentation
v. to record for evidence; to write down; to substantiate n. collection of written records; use of written records as
evidence
Forms: documented; documented; documenting Forms: plural: documentations

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
domestic
drain174.
dollar
173.
dollar drain domestic
n. a situation in which the imports of a country from the adj. pertaining to home; pertaining to family; tame (about
USA are larger than their exports to the USA an animal)
Forms: no plural
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
dominate
domestic176.
175.
domestic dominate
n. housemaid; servant; housekeeper v. to control; to rule; to command
Forms: plural: domestics Forms: dominated; dominated; dominating

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donation
donate178.
177.
donate donation
v. to give; to contribute; to grant; to bestow n. gift; contribution
Forms: donated; donated; donating Forms: plural: donations

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
dot
dot180.
179.
dot dot
v. to stud; to constellate n. spot; speck; part (the point) in an Internet web address
Forms: dotted; dotted; dotting Forms: plural: dots

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doubt
dotted182.
181.
dotted doubt
adj. spotted; speckled; composed of a series of small v. to be uncertain; to have misgivings
dashes (about a line)
Forms: doubted; doubted; doubting

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download
doubt184.
183.
doubt download
n. misgiving; lack of certainty v. to copy files from a distant computer onto another
computer through an Internet connection
Forms: plural: doubts Forms: downloaded; downloaded; downloading

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downsize
downsize186.
185.
downsize downsize
adj. of a smaller version or dimension v. to reduce the size of; to make smaller; to cut the
number of employees
Forms: downsized; downsized; downsized

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
downtown
downsizing188.
187.
downsizing downtown
n. bringing something down to a smaller scale; lowering n. commercial center of a city; business distract
expenses
Forms: plural: no plural Forms: plural: downtowns

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
downtown
downtown190.
189.
downtown downtown
adj. pertaining to the commercial center of a city adv. into the city center; into the the town
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
downward
downturn192.
191.
downturn downward
n. negative tendency (especially in economy or business) adv. towards a lower place, position or section
Forms: plural: downturns

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
draft
downward194.
193.
downward draft
adj. descending v. to make an outline; to draw up in written form; to
conscript; to draw out and separate
Forms: drafted; drafted; drafting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
drastic
draft196.
195.
draft drastic
n. rough outline; sketch; written order for payment; adj. extreme; intense; severe
conscription
Forms: plural: drafts

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
draw
drastically198.
197.
drastically draw
adv. intensely; in an extreme manner; severely v. to attract; to pull; to sketch; to depict with lines; to
conclude
Forms: drew; drawn; drawing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
code
dress
draw200.
199.
draw dress code
n. attraction; lottery; contest which ends in a tie; natural n. formally or socially imposed standards of attire
channel; gully
Forms: plural: draws Forms: plural: dress codes

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drill
drill202.
201.
drill drill
v. to bore a hole; to practice; to train; to sow seeds in n. practice; training; furrow; seeding machine; row of
rows seeds in a furrow
Forms: drilled; drilled; drilling Forms: plural: drills

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drive
drive204.
203.
drive drive
v. to travel in a car; to transport in a vehicle; to compel n. trip in a vehicle; type of computer hardware; combined
effort to accomplish a goal (i.e. fund raiser)
Forms: drove; driven; driving Forms: plural: drives

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
drop
driver206.
205.
driver drop
n. chauffeur; program which enables an operating system v. to fall; to make fall; to bring down; to go down; to omit;
to communicate with a particular device to abandon
Forms: plural: drivers Forms: dropped; dropped; dropping

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due
drop208.
207.
drop due
n. small globule of liquid; drip; very small amount; adj. owed; payable; right; fitting; suitable; adequate
pendant
Forms: plural: drops

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
duplicate
due210.
209.
due duplicate
n. something which legally or rightfully belongs to an n. copy; photocopy; exact replica; reproduction
individual; payment; fee
Forms: plural: dues Forms: plural: duplicates

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
duplicate
duplicate212.
211.
duplicate duplicate
v. to copy; to replicate; to photocopy adj. double; identical; matching
Forms: duplicated; duplicated; duplicating

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
duration
durable214.
213.
durable duration
adj. sturdy; long lasting n. period of time that something continues
Forms: plural: durations

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
during
duress216.
215.
duress during
n. intimidation; constraint; pressure; coercion prep. while; throughout
Forms: no plural
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
dynamic
duty218.
217.
duty dynamic
n. obligation; responsibility; assignment; customs tax adj. forceful; energetic; vigorous; spirited; alive
Forms: plural: duties

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
E 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words
earn
eager2.
E1.
eager earn
adj. strongly desiring; keen; fervently interested v. to receive as a result of work or other service
performed; to profit; to be eligible; to be worthy
Forms: earned; earned; earning

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
earnest
earnest4.
3.
earnest earnest
n. seriousness; industriousness adj. serious; sober; sincere; fervent; eager
Forms: no plural
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
easy
earnings6.
5.
earnings easy
n. money gained; salary; revenue; profit; income adj. mild; slight; comfortable; simple
Forms: only plural

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
economize
easy8.
7.
easy economize
adv. comfortably; without great difficulty or effort v. to save; to cut back; to be thrifty; to be frugal
Forms: economized; economized; economizing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
edge
economy10.
9.
economy edge
n. management of resources (i.e. money, goods, etc.); n. line at which a surface ends; thin sharp side of a blade;
thrift; careful spending excitement
Forms: plural: economies Forms: plural: edges

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
edge
edge12.
11.
edge edge
v. to sharpen; to provide with a border; to advance adj. at or constituting a place where two surfaces meet
gradually or furtively
Forms: edged; edged; edging

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
editor
edit14.
13.
edit editor
v. to revise; to alter; to make changes and corrections n. person or organization that prepares printed matter for
prior to printing publication
Forms: edited; edited; editing Forms: plural: editors

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
effect
education16.
15.
education effect
n. learning; instruction; imparting of knowledge; n. result; outcome; impact; trick; natural phenomenon
upbringing
Forms: no plural Forms: plural: effects

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
effective
effect18.
17.
effect effective
v. to accomplish; to put into action; to execute; to do adj. productive; in operation; impressive; striking
Forms: effected; effected; effecting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
effort
efficient20.
19.
efficient effort
adj. done without waste (of time, resources, etc.) n. physical or mental exertion; labor; attempt; organized
operation
Forms: plural: efforts

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
either
effusive22.
21.
effusive either
adj. overflowing; unreserved; unrestrained; exuberant adj. one of two
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
either
either24.
23.
either either
adv. also; too; as well conj. precedes two or more coordinate words or phrases
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
elaborate
elaborate26.
25.
elaborate elaborate
v. to provide additional details; to plan carefully and with adj. detailed; complicated; carefully planned; worked out
great detail; to produce; to develop in great detail
Forms: elaborated; elaborated; elaborating

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
elect
elaboration28.
27.
elaboration elect
n. painstaking labor; careful planning; adding of extra v. to choose; to vote for; to prefer; to decide
details; act of improving; production
Forms: plural: elaborations Forms: elected; elected; electing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
election
elect30.
29.
elect election
adj. chosen for office but net yet formally installed n. choosing; time when people vote for a political
candidate
Forms: plural: elections

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
element
electrician32.
31.
electrician element
n. person who installs or maintains wiring systems n. main component; something which is a part of a
complex whole
Forms: plural: electricians Forms: plural: elements

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
elementary
elemental34.
33.
elemental elementary
adj. simple; basic adj. basic; fundamental
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
elevator
elevation36.
35.
elevation elevator
n. height of something; altitude above sea or ground n. lift; mechanical apparatus for moving people or items
level; raising; lifting up; grandeur from floor to floor within a building
Forms: plural: elevations Forms: plural: elevators

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
eligible
elicit38.
37.
elicit eligible
v. to extract from; to bring out; to draw out adj. suitable; worthy of; qualified; entitled to; allowed
Forms: elicited; elicited; eliciting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
elucidate
eliminate40.
39.
eliminate elucidate
v. to remove; to get rid of v. to explain; to clarify; to describe; to depict
Forms: eliminated; eliminated; eliminating Forms: elucidated; elucidated; elucidating

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
embark
elude42.
41.
elude embark
v. to avoid; to escape; to shrink v. to go on board a ship; to put on board a ship; to begin;
to become involved in an enterprise
Forms: elude d; eluded; eluding Forms: embarked; embarked; embarking

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
embrace
embrace44.
43.
embrace embrace
n. hug; act of wrapping one's arms around another v. to accept; to belief; to hug; to hold tight
person or thing
Forms: plural: embraces Forms: embraced; embraced; embracing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
emergency
emerge46.
45.
emerge emergency
v. to appear; to come out; to be revealed n. sudden need demanding immediate action
Forms: emerged; emerged; emerging Forms: plural: emergencies

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
empathy
emergency48.
47.
emergency empathy
adj. in the event of sudden need n. entering into the feelings of another; sympathy;
vicarious emotion; understanding
Forms: plural: empathies

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
emphasize
emphasis50.
49.
emphasis emphasize
n. importance that is attached to something; accent or v. to stress; to show the importance of
stress that is placed on a word or words
Forms: no plural Forms: emphasized; emphasized; emphasizing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
employee
employ52.
51.
employ employee
v. to hire as a worker; to activate; to operate; to use n. worker; person who works for a company or an
individual
Forms: employed; employed; employing Forms: plural: employees

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
employment
employer54.
53.
employer employment
n. boss; person or company that hires people to do work n. work; occupation; keeping busy
Forms: plural: employers Forms: no plural

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
empty
empty56.
55.
empty empty
n. container devoid of contents v. to remove the contents of
Forms: plural: empties Forms: emptied; emptied, emptying

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
emulate
empty58.
57.
empty emulate
adj. containing nothing; without people; without contents; v. to imitate; to try to equal or excel; to take after; to copy
hollow; meaningless
Forms: emulated; emulated; emulating

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
enclosure
enclose60.
59.
enclose enclosure
v. to surround; to confine; to close in; to place an n. confinement; additional document or letter placed
additional document or letter within another within another
Forms: enclosed; enclosed; enclosing Forms: plural: enclosures

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
encounter
encounter62.
61.
encounter encounter
n. chance meeting v. to meet by chance; to face; to meet with (difficulties,
hardships, etc.)
Forms: plural: encounters Forms: encountered; encountered; encountering

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
encroach
encourage64.
63.
encourage encroach
v. to support; to inspire; to give hope v. to advance beyond proper limits; to infringe
Forms: encouraged; encouraged; encouraging Forms: encroached; encroached; encroaching

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
endure
endorsement66.
65.
endorsement endure
n. signature on a money order such as a check v. to put up with something or somebody unpleasant
Forms: plural: endorsements Forms: endured; endured; enduring

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
engagement
engage68.
67.
engage engagement
v. to keep busy; to occupy; to employ; to commit n. commitment; obligation; period of employment
Forms: engaged; engaged; engaging Forms: plural: engagements

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
engineer
engine70.
69.
engine engineer
n. machine which supplies force and motion; motor; truck; v. to design; to plan (i.e. machinery, roads, etc.)
part of a program which handles certain types of date
Forms: plural: engines Forms: engineered; engineered; engineering

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
enhance
engineer72.
71.
engineer enhance
n. person who designs and plans (machinery, roads, etc.) v. to increase; to intensify; to improve; to raise the value
of
Forms: plural: engineers Forms: enhanced; enhanced; enhancing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
enlargement
enlarge74.
73.
enlarge enlargement
v. to become bigger; to expand n. expansion; increase in size; magnification
Forms: enlarged; enlarged; enlarging Forms: plural: enlargements

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
enlightenment
enlighten76.
75.
enlighten enlightenment
v. to instruct; to provide with intellectual or spiritual n. state of intellectual or spiritual awareness
understanding
Forms: enlightened; enlightened; enlightening Forms: no plural

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
enough
enlist78.
77.
enlist enough
v. to draft into military service; to voluntarily join a cause n. adequate amount; sufficient degree
Forms: enlisted; enlisted; enlisting Forms: plural: enoughs

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
enough
enough80.
79.
enough enough
adj. sufficient; adequate adv. quite; sufficiently; fairly
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
enrichment
enrich82.
81.
enrich enrichment
v. to improve; to make better n. enhancement; refinement; improvement
Forms: enriched; enriched; enriching Forms: plural: enrichments

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
ensure
enroll84.
83.
enroll ensure
v. to register; to sign up; to join up; to enter one's name v. to make certain; to guarantee; to make secure
on a list
Forms: enrolled; enrolled; enrolling Forms: ensured; ensured; ensuring

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
enterprise
enter86.
85.
enter enterprise
v. to go into; to join; to record; to inscribe n. company; firm; undertaking; business; endeavor
Forms: entered; entered; entering Forms: plural: enterprises

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
entertainer
entertain88.
87.
entertain entertainer
v. to interest; to amuse; to host n. host; performer; comedian
Forms: entertained; entertained; entertaining Forms: plural: entertainers

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
enthuse
entertainment90.
89.
entertainment enthuse
n. something interesting or amusing; fun; hospitality v. to express excitement; to motivate
Forms: plural: entertainments Forms: enthused; enthused; enthusing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
enthusiastic
enthusiasm92.
91.
enthusiasm enthusiastic
n. excitement; great interest adj. excited; passionate; ardent; fervent
Forms: no plural
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
entirely
entire94.
93.
entire entirely
adj. whole; including every part; complete; full adv. totally; completely; absolutely
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
entitled
entitle96.
95.
entitle entitled
v. to give a heading or name to (i.e. a book, painting, adj. allowed; eligible; having the right to something
etc.); to grant a right; to claim something
Forms: entitled; entitled; entitling

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
entrance
entrance98.
97.
entrance entrance
v. to hypnotize; to enthrall n. way into a building or other structure; gate; doorway
Forms: entranced; entranced; entrancing Forms: plural: entrances

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
entry
entrust100.
99.
entrust entry
v. to give to for safekeeping; to empower someone with a n. opening; record; information or item in a book,
responsibility or duty dictionary, catalog, list, directory, etc.
Forms: entrusted; entrusted; entrusting Forms: plural: entries

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
environmental
environment102.
101.
environment environmental
n. surroundings; conditions in which someone or adj. pertaining to the world and nature around us
something lives
Forms: plural: environments

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
episode
envision104.
103.
envision episode
v. to imagine to oneself; to picture; to visualize n. event; occurrence; one of a group of loosely connected
stories
Forms: envisioned; envisioned; envisioning Forms: plural: episodes

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
equal
equal106.
105.
equal equal
n. person or thing that is the same v. to match; to correspond; to resemble; to be similar to
Forms: plural: equals Forms: equaled; equaled; equaling

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
equality
equal108.
107.
equal equality
adj. same; identical; able; capable n. sameness; uniformity
Forms: no plural
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
equipment
equip110.
109.
equip equipment
v. to provide with the required supplies, tools and items n. supplies; necessary items; tools, instruments or other
objects for completing a task
Forms: equipped; equipped; equipping Forms: plural: equipments

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
equivalent
equity112.
111.
equity equivalent
n. honesty; fairness; justice adj. same in worth or value; same in importance;
corresponding
Forms: no plural
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
erase
equivalent114.
113.
equivalent erase
n. something that is the same of the same level v. to rub off; to remove totally; to delete
Forms: plural: equivalents Forms: erased; erased; erasing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
error
erasure116.
115.
erasure error
n. rubbing out; deletion; eradication n. mistake; something that is incorrect
Forms: plural: erasures Forms: plural: errors

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
essence
especially118.
117.
especially essence
adv. particularly n. inherent nature of something; central or outstanding
characteristic
Forms: plural: essences

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
establish
essential120.
119.
essential establish
adj. necessary; needed; fundamental; crucial; very v. to set up; to found; to base; to build
important
Forms: established; established; establishing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
estate
establishment122.
121.
establishment estate
n. anything that is set up; institution (i.e. business, n. extensive piece of land usually with a large house on it;
church, authority, government, etc.) person's property; wealth; possessions
Forms: plural: establishments Forms: plural: estates

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
esteem
esteem124.
123.
esteem esteem
v. to respect; to honor; to admire; to value n. admiration; respect
Forms: esteemed; esteemed; esteeming Forms: no plural

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
estimate
estimate126.
125.
estimate estimate
v. to judge an object's value; to appraise; to assess; to n. judgment of an object's worth; appraisal; opinion;
guess judgment
Forms: estimated; estimated; estimating Forms: plural: estimates

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
etc.
etc.128.
127.
etc. etc.
adv. and so on; and so forth abbr. Latin for and so on; and so forth
Forms: etcetera
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
evaluate
evade130.
129.
evade evaluate
v. to avoid; to run away; to shrink v. to appraise; to judge the worth or quality; to assess; to
gauge
Forms: evaded; evaded; evading Forms: evaluated; evaluated; evaluating

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
evasive
evaluation132.
131.
evaluation evasive
n. appraisal; estimation; assessment adj. avoiding; tending to shrink; elusive
Forms: plural: evaluations

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
even
even134.
133.
even even
adj. smooth; straight; level; parallel; equal; consistent v. to make level; to smooth; to balance
Forms: evened; evened; evening

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
eventual
event136.
135.
event eventual
n. occurrence; happening; contest; campaign; promotion adj. final; occurring as a result
Forms: plural: events

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evidence
evict138.
137.
evict evidence
v. to expel a tenant by legal process; to turn out n. proof; something which proves or disproves
Forms: evicted; evicted; evicting Forms: plural: evidences

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
evident
evidence140.
139.
evidence evident
v. to offer proof; to prove; to show to be true adj. clear; obvious; apparent
Forms: evidenced; evidenced; evidencing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
exact
evoke142.
141.
evoke exact
v. to arouse; to bring out; to summon; to wake v. to demand; to require; to insist upon; to force
Forms: evoked; evoked; evoking Forms: exacted; exacted; exacting

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exaggerate
exact144.
143.
exact exaggerate
adj. precise; meticulous; extremely accurate v. to overstate; to make something seem greater or more
important than it really is
Forms: exaggerated; exaggerated; exaggerating

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
examinee
examination146.
145.
examination examinee
n. test; quiz; investigation; inquiry n. person who is tested; candidate
Forms: plural: examinations Forms: plural: examinees

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
example
examiner148.
147.
examiner example
n. person who gives a test n. model; pattern; something which serves as an
illustration
Forms: plural: examiner Forms: plural: examples

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
excel
exceed150.
149.
exceed excel
v. to surpass; to pass; to go beyond; to outdo v. to be talented; to do very well; to surpass; to do better
than
Forms: exceeded; exceeded; exceeding Forms: excelled; excelled; excelling

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
except
excellent152.
151.
excellent except
adj. superior; extraordinary; outstanding prep. but; besides
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
except
except154.
153.
except except
conj. but; only v. to exclude; to leave out; to skip; to protest; to object
Forms: excepted; excepted; excepting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
exchange
exception156.
155.
exception exchange
n. something that is out of the ordinary; anomaly; n. conversion; stock market; trade; barter; conversation
objection; opposition
Forms: plural: exceptions Forms: plural: exchanges

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
excite
exchange158.
157.
exchange excite
v. to give one thing in return for another; to replace one v. to stir up; to arouse feelings; to provoke; to stimulate
thing with another; to trade; to barter
Forms: exchanged; exchanged; exchanging Forms: excited; excited; exciting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
exclusion
exclude160.
159.
exclude exclusion
v. to leave out; to keep out; to prevent from happening or n. prevention; rejection; leaving out; keeping out; shutting
being; to reject out
Forms: excluded; excluded; excluding Forms: plural: exclusions

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
exclusive
exclusive162.
161.
exclusive exclusive
n. news story publicized in only a newspaper or adj. sole; limited to a selected few; incompatible;
television/radio station fashionable; unique
Forms: plural: exclusives

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
execute
exclusively164.
163.
exclusively execute
adj. in a manner which shuts out all others; solely; in a v. to perform; to carry out; to put into practice
limited manner
Forms: executed; executed; executing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
executive
executive166.
165.
executive executive
adj. administrative; operational; having the power to n. manager; person or group of persons having
execute laws and policy administrative authority within an organization
Forms: plural: executives

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
exertion
exert168.
167.
exert exertion
v. to exercise; to use; to make an effort n. putting to use; putting into action; effort; struggle; strain
Forms: exerted; exerted; exerting Forms: plural: exertions

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
exhibit
exhibit170.
169.
exhibit exhibit
n. something presented as evidence in a court of law; v. to show; to display; to demonstrate; to present
display; show
Forms: plural: exhibits Forms: exhibited; exhibited; exhibiting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
exist
exhibition172.
171.
exhibition exist
n. display; show; public presentation of work or skills; v. to live; to be
trade fair
Forms: plural: exhibitions Forms: existed; existed; existing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
exit
existence174.
173.
existence exit
n. living; state of being; life n. passage that leads out
Forms: plural: existences Forms: plural: exits

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
expand
exit176.
175.
exit expand
v. to leave; to go out v. to grow larger; to broaden; to increase; to enlarge; to
add to
Forms: exited; exited; exiting Forms: expanded; expanded; expanding

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
expect
expansion178.
177.
expansion expect
n. enlargement; increase; spread; development v. to assume; to anticipate; to hope
Forms: plural: expansions Forms: expected; expected; expecting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
expectation
expectancy180.
179.
expectancy expectation
n. hope; anticipation; assumption n. anticipation; longing or waiting for; hope
Forms: plural: no plural Forms: plural: expectations

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
expel
expedite182.
181.
expedite expel
v. to speed up; to accelerate; to facilitate; to dispatch v. eject; drive out; banish
Forms: expedited; expedited; expediting Forms: expelled; expelled; expelling

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
expense
expenditure184.
183.
expenditure expense
n. spending; disbursement; outlay (especially financial) n. cost; price; payment
Forms: plural: expenditures Forms: plural: expenses

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
experience
expensive186.
185.
expensive experience
adj. costly; precious; opposite of cheap n. knowledge obtained by doing; something that one has
lived through
Forms: plural: experiences

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
experiment
experience188.
187.
experience experiment
v. to try; to live through; to feel; to endure n. attempt to discover or test something; trial; research
Forms: experienced; experienced; experiencing Forms: plural: experiments

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
expert
experiment190.
189.
experiment expert
v. to attempt to discover or test something; to try; to n. person skilled in a particular area; specialist
venture; to research
Forms: experimented; experimented; experimenting Forms: plural: experts

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
expertise
expert192.
191.
expert expertise
adj. skilled; knowledgeable; highly sophisticated; very n. proficiency; skill; specialist knowledge and information
experienced
Forms: no plural
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
expire
expiration194.
193.
expiration expire
n. termination; end v. to come to an end; to finish; to terminate
Forms: plural: expirations Forms: expired; expired; expiring

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
explanation
explain196.
195.
explain explanation
v. to illustrate; to elucidate; to interpret; to describe; to n. interpretation; something that clarifies; description;
define definition
Forms: explained; explained; explaining Forms: plural: explanations

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
explorer
explore198.
197.
explore explorer
v. to travel to unknown regions; to investigate; to n. researcher; investigator; software program for file
examine; to research management
Forms: explored; explored; exploring Forms: plural: explorers

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export
export200.
199.
export export
n. shipping of goods to other countries v. to ship; to send abroad; to sell goods and products
overseas
Forms: plural: exports Forms: exported; exported; exporting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
exposure
expose202.
201.
expose exposure
v. to reveal; to uncover; to disclose; to abandon n. denouncement; revealing; photograph; abandoning;
placement
Forms: exposed; exposed; exposing Forms: plural: exposures

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
express
express204.
203.
express express
v. to declare; to say; to send quickly; to squeeze; to adj. clear; exact; precise; quick
extract
Forms: expressed; expressed; expressing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
expression
express206.
205.
express expression
n. system for prompt transportation of people or parcels; n. putting into words; phrase; word; manifestation
dispatch conveyed by special messenger
Forms: plural: expresses Forms: plural: expressions

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
extension
extend208.
207.
extend extension
v. to stretch; to enlarge; to lengthen; to reach out n. expansion; branch of a telephone network;
supplement; reprieve
Forms: extended; extended; extending Forms: plural: extensions

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extent
extensive210.
209.
extensive extent
adj. spreading over a large area; comprehensive n. scope; range; scale; size; measure; degree
Forms: plural: extents

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
extract
extract212.
211.
extract extract
n. substance obtained from a plant; essence; text v. to remove; to take out; to squeeze; to press; to elicit
paragraph; passage
Forms: plural: extracts Forms: extracted; extracted; extracting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
extraordinary
extradite214.
213.
extradite extraordinary
v. to hand over to another nation or judicial authority adj. unusual
Forms: extradited; extradited; extraditing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
F 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words
facilitate
fabric2.
F1.
fabric facilitate
n. textile; weave; structure; framework; construction v. to make easy; to assist; to forward; to promote; to
expedite
Forms: plural: fabrics Forms: facilitated; facilitated; facilitating

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
facility
facilitator4.
3.
facilitator facility
n. person or thing which promotes; expeditor n. device; tool; convenience; talent; ability; building
Forms: plural: facilitators Forms: plural: facilities

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
factory
factor6.
5.
factor factory
n. cause; agent; broker; financier; money lender n. plant; any location which mass-produces one type of
product
Forms: plural: factors Forms: plural: factories

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
fail
fade8.
7.
fade fail
v. to wither; to die out; to bleach; to disappear v. to be unsuccessful; to not do; to disappoint; to go
bankrupt; to be used up
Forms: faded; faded; fading Forms: failed; failed; failing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
fair
failure10.
9.
failure fair
n. inability to succeed; lack of success; lack; bankruptcy; n. festival; exhibition; show; market; bazaar
downfall
Forms: plural: failures Forms: plural: fairs

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
fair
fair12.
11.
fair fair
adj. just; reasonable; handsome; light colored; clean; adv. justly; equitably; directly; completely; really
clear
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
off
fall
faith14.
13.
faith fall off
n. belief in a particular thing or person; religion; trust; v. to separate; to be separated; to decrease; to become
confidence; loyalty smaller
Forms: plural: faiths Forms: fell off; fallen off; falling off
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
falter
false16.
15.
false falter
adj. not true; counterfeit; deceitful; wrong; artificial; not v. to hesitate; to stumble; to sway; to totter; to be
faithful unstable
Forms: faltered; faltered; faltering

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
familiar
fame18.
17.
fame familiar
n. notoriety; renown; good reputation n. good friend; acquaintance
Forms: no plural Forms: plural: familiars

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
familiarize
familiar20.
19.
familiar familiarize
adj. ordinary; skilled; close; intimate; well-known v. to cause to be acquainted; to accustom; to make
something well known; to publicize
Forms: familiarized; familiarized; familiarizing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
fare
famous22.
21.
famous fare
adj. well-known; excellent; wonderful n. cost for traveling (on a bus, train, etc.)
Forms: plural: fares

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
favorable
fare24.
23.
fare favorable
v. to travel; to go; to journey; to happen; to eat and drink adj. positive; approving; likable; helpful; encouraging;
desirable
Forms: fared; fared; faring

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
fax
favorite26.
25.
favorite fax
adj. preferred; beloved; liked n. device for electronically transmitting written material;
electronically transmitted document
Forms: plural: faxes

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
fear
fax28.
27.
fax fear
v. to transmit document electronically n. fright; horror; concern; terror
Forms: faxed; faxed; faxing Forms: plural: fears

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
feasibility
fear30.
29.
fear feasibility
v. to be frightened; to be concerned; to be afraid of; to n. capability of being carried out; capability of being
have respect for achieved; likelihood; probability
Forms: feared; feared; fearing Forms: no plural

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
feature
feasible32.
31.
feasible feature
adj. able to be carried out; achievable; possible; likely n. characteristic; function; capability (of a product,
machine, device, software etc.)
Forms: plural: features

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
fee
feature34.
33.
feature fee
v. to characterize; to depict; to describe; to present; to n. toll; payment for services rendered; cost of admission;
emphasize commission; feudal estate
Forms: featured; featured; featuring Forms: plural: fees

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
feed
fee36.
35.
fee feed
v. to pay to; to hire; to employ n. meal; nourishment; material supplied; act of inserting
into a machine (especially of putting paper into a printer)
Forms: feed; feed; feeing Forms: plural: feeds

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
feedback
feed38.
37.
feed feedback
v. to supply; to support; to send; to move into a machine n. response; critique; information about the results of a
certain procedure or performance
Forms: fed; fed; feeding Forms: plural: feedbacks

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
fellow
fellow40.
39.
fellow fellow
n. friend; member of an academic organization; suitor adj. having membership in; belonging to (a group,
academic organization, etc.); of the same type
Forms: plural: fellows

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
fence
fence42.
41.
fence fence
n. railing; hedge; ability to argue; person who sells stolen v. to protect; to guard; to evade a question; to respond in
goods a vague manner
Forms: plural: fences Forms: fenced; fenced; fencing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
ferry
ferry44.
43.
ferry ferry
n. boat for crossing a body of water; shuttle v. to convey passengers or cargo by boat across a small
body of water
Forms: plural: ferries Forms: ferried; ferried; ferrying

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
fertilizer
fertilize46.
45.
fertilize fertilizer
v. to impregnate; to inseminate; to enrich the soil by the n. organic or chemical substance added to soil to enrich it
addition of organic or chemical substances (i.e. manure)
Forms: fertilized; fertilized; fertilizing Forms: plural: fertilizer

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
few
fetch48.
47.
fetch few
v. to go after and bring back; to pick up; to charm n. not many; some; several; small number of
Forms: fetched; fetched; fetching Forms: plural: no plural

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
field
few50.
49.
few field
adj. little; not many; some n. area; domain; range; piece of land; surface
Forms: plural: fields

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
figure
field52.
51.
field figure
v. to answer adequately or successfully n. number; image; character; price; human shape;
symbol
Forms: fielded; fielded; fielding Forms: plural: figures

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
file
figure54.
53.
figure file
v. to calculate; to think; to assume; to portray; to depict; n. dossier; collection of documents on a subject; tool for
to express verbally smoothing surfaces; line; queue
Forms: figured; figured; figuring Forms: plural: files

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
out
fill
file56.
55.
file fill out
v. to arrange papers methodically for preservation and v. to insert written information into the gaps on a form
reference; to submit in a formal way
Forms: filed; filed; filing Forms: filled out; filled out; filling out
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
final
final58.
57.
final final
n. end; conclusion; last edition of a newspaper adj. at the end; last; ultimate; decisive; conclusive;
definitive
Forms: plural: finals

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
finance
finalize60.
59.
finalize finance
v. to end; to sum up; to complete; to conclude n. money management (including investment, banking
etc.); science of money management
Forms: finalized; finalized; finalizing Forms: plural: finances

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
fine
finance62.
61.
finance fine
v. to raise money for; to provide with funds; to fund; to n. monetary penalty; punishment which involves the
pay for payment of specified sum of money
Forms: financed; financed; financing Forms: plural: fines

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
fine
fine64.
63.
fine fine
v. to impose a tax upon; to purify; to make thin or thinner; adj. delicate; thin; flimsy; handsome; top-quality; excellent
to reduce; to clarify
Forms: fined; fined; fining

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
finish
fine66.
65.
fine finish
adv. very well; excellent n. end; completion; conclusion; polish; something which
completes or perfects
Forms: plural: finishes

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
firm
finish68.
67.
finish firm
v. to terminate; to end; to destroy; to defeat; to complete n. company; commercial business; corporation
Forms: finished; finished; finishing Forms: plural: firms

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
firm
firm70.
69.
firm firm
v. to solidify; to become solid; to stabilize; to become adj. strong; solid; stable; fixed; immovable; determined
stable
Forms: firmed; firmed; firming

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
fiscal
firm72.
71.
firm fiscal
adv. sturdily; steadily; assertively; in a determined adj. of public funds; of or pertaining to money matters
manner
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
fix
fix74.
73.
fix fix
n. embarrassing situation; predicament; location; position v. to determine; to stabilize; to arrange; to repair; to
(i.e. of a ship or individual) prepare
Forms: plural: fixes Forms: fixed; fixed; fixing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
fizzle
fixture76.
75.
fixture fizzle
n. something which is permanently or securely attached; n. failure; fiasco; sputtering which gradually fades into
set date for a sporting event silence
Forms: plural: fixtures Forms: plural: fizzles

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
money
flat
fizzle78.
77.
fizzle flat money
v. to fail after starting well; to make a hissing noise which n. banknote printed by a government as legal tender
gradually fades into silence which is not redeemable and which lacks economic value
Forms: fizzled; fizzled; fizzling Forms: no plural

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
flaw
flaw80.
79.
flaw flaw
v. to crack; to become defective; to become cracked n. defect; imperfection; crack; strong gust or wind
Forms: flawed; flawed; flawing Forms: plural: flaws

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
flawless
flawed82.
81.
flawed flawless
adj. defective; imperfect; cracked adj. perfect; impeccable
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
fleet
fleet84.
83.
fleet fleet
v. to move quickly; to pass quickly adj. swift; fast
Forms: fleeted; fleeted; fleeting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
flexibility
fleet86.
85.
fleet flexibility
n. group of ships, cars, trucks or other vehicles n. elasticity; ability to adapt to new circumstances;
pliability
Forms: plural: fleets Forms: plural: no plural

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
flight
flexible88.
87.
flexible flight
adj. elastic; easily bent; adroit; adept; pliable n. flying; aviation; trip on an airplane; escape
Forms: plural: flights

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
floor
floor90.
89.
floor floor
v. to knock down; to astound; to shock n. flat surface at the bottom of the room on which you
walk; story; level of a building
Forms: floored; floored; flooring Forms: plural: floors

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fluctuate
florist92.
91.
florist fluctuate
n. owner of a flower shop; person who makes flower v. to vacillate; to waver; to vary; to change
arrangements
Forms: plural: florists Forms: fluctuated; fluctuated; fluctuating

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fluency
fluctuation94.
93.
fluctuation fluency
n. vacillation; instability; wavering; inconstancy; change n. ability to speak and write easily; eloquence;
articulateness; gracefulness
Forms: plural: fluctuations Forms: no plural

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
focus
fluent96.
95.
fluent focus
adj. articulate; eloquent; able to read and write with ease; v. to make clear; to concentrate
graceful; flowing
Forms: focussed; focussed; focusing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
fold
focus98.
97.
focus fold
n. center; hub; concentration v. to bend; to crease; to wrap; to envelop; to clasp
Forms: no plural Forms: folded; folded; folding

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
folder
fold100.
99.
fold folder
n. bend; crease; depression in the ground; hollow n. dossier for storing papers; directory
between two hills; yard
Forms: plural: folds Forms: plural: folders

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
forecast
food102.
101.
food forecast
n. nourishment; substance which provides the body with v. to predict a future event or condition; to foretell
nutrients; sustenance
Forms: plural: foods Forms: forecast; forecast; forecasting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
forecast
forecast104.
103.
forecast forecast
adj. predicted; expected; anticipated n. prediction of a future event or condition (i.e.
development of the economy)
Forms: plural: forecasts

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
foreign
forecaster106.
105.
forecaster foreign
n. person who foretells future events; weatherman adj. strange; unfamiliar; from or of another place;
pertaining to dealings with another country
Forms: plural: forecasters

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
foresee
foremost108.
107.
foremost foresee
adv. first in place or rank; primary; leading; main v. to predict; to prophesy; to foretell
Forms: foresaw; foreseen; foreseeing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
form
form110.
109.
form form
v. to shape; to create; to design; to arrange; to be created n. shape; image; framework; document with blank spaces
to be filled in; fitness; type
Forms: formed; formed; forming Forms: plural: forms

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formal
formal112.
111.
formal formal
adj. ceremonious; conventional; according to custom; n. occasion which requires fancy dress (dance, ball, etc.);
stiff; strict; symmetrical evening gown
Forms: plural: formals

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
format
format114.
113.
format format
v. to design the appearance of; to arrange; to prepare a n. structure; pattern; design; organization; pattern of data
diskette or hard disk for use organization
Forms: formatted; formatted; formatting Forms: plural: formats

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
formula
formatted116.
115.
formatted formula
adj. arranged in a particular way; prepared for reading n. set way of saying or doing something; principle; pattern
and writing
Forms: plural: formulas

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
fortunate
formulate118.
117.
formulate fortunate
v. to devise; to conceive; to develop; to plan adj. lucky; successful; opportune
Forms: formulated; formulated; formulating

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
forward
fortune120.
119.
fortune forward
n. luck; wealth; chance; success; riches v. to send; to convey; to transmit; to promote; to advance
Forms: plural: fortunes Forms: forwarded; forwarded; forwarding

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
forward
forward122.
121.
forward forward
adj. advanced; ahead; ready; brash; of the future; adv. ahead; to the front
progressive
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
foster
forward124.
123.
forward foster
n. player positioned at the front of the offensive line adj. entrusted to the care
(Sports)
Forms: plural: forwards

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
found
foster126.
125.
foster found
v. to encourage; to nurture; to promote; to raise; to care adj. discovered
for
Forms: fostered; fostered; fostering

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
foundation
found128.
127.
found foundation
v. to establish; to create; to build; to set up; to start a n. base; fundament; substructure; establishing; institution
company
Forms: founded; founded; founding Forms: plural: foundations

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
founder
founder130.
129.
founder founder
v. to fill with water and sink; to fall; to fail; to stumble; to n. establisher; organization or channel; person who gives
cause to sink authorization to operate a channel
Forms: foundered; foundered; foundering Forms: plural: founders

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
frame
fraction132.
131.
fraction frame
n. product of the division of one number by another; part v. to contrive false evidence against; to set up; to
of a whole; segment; fragment; quotient construct; to build; to fashion; to formulate
Forms: plural: fractions Forms: framed; framed; framing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
framework
frame134.
133.
frame framework
n. casing; skeleton; structure; body structure; mood n. support; skeleton; structure; system
Forms: plural: frames Forms: plural: frameworks

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
franchise
franchise136.
135.
franchise franchise
v. to grant a license to an individual or group; to grant the n. license to market a company's goods or services;
right to vote business which has been granted a license
Forms: franchised; franchised; franchising Forms: plural: franchises

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
frank
franchisor138.
137.
franchisor frank
n. person who has the right to grant a license v. to deliver without charge
Forms: plural: franchisors Forms: franked; franked; franking

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
frank
frank140.
139.
frank frank
adj. honest; sincere; straightforward; open; candid n. mark or signature which allows a letter or package to
be sent free of charge
Forms: plural: franks

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
fraudulent
fraud142.
141.
fraud fraudulent
n. swindle; deceit; cheating; forgery; embezzlement adj. guilty; dishonest
Forms: plural: frauds

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
freight
fraught144.
143.
fraught freight
adj. full of or accompanied by; charged with; laden with v. to load with goods; to load; to weigh down; to send as
cargo
Forms: freighted; freighted; freighting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
frequency
freight146.
145.
freight frequency
n. cargo or goods that are shipped for a fee; shipping n. quality of occurring regularly; rate at which a function
cost; transportation; conveyance; shipment reoccurs
Forms: plural: freights Forms: plural: frequencies

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
frequent
frequent148.
147.
frequent frequent
adj. happening often; regular; common; usual v. to go regularly to (a certain place); to patronize
Forms: frequented; frequented; frequenting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
frisky
frequently150.
149.
frequently frisky
adv. regularly; often adj. energetic; full of life; playful; lively
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
fuel
fuel152.
151.
fuel fuel
v. to provide with a combustible substance that provides n. substance burned to create energy (petrol, gasoline,
energy gas, wood, coal, etc.)
Forms: fueled; fueled; fueling Forms: plural: fuels

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
fulfill
fueled154.
153.
fueled fulfill
adj. filled with petrol, gas or another substance that v. to realize; to make a reality; to accomplish; to
produces energy complete; to execute
Forms: fulfilled; fulfilled; fulfilling

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
function
fulfillment156.
155.
fulfillment function
n. realization; performance; completion; gratification; v. to work; to act; to operate; to perform
satisfaction
Forms: plural: fulfillments Forms: functioned; functioned; functioning

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
fund
function158.
157.
function fund
n. duty; role; purpose; feature; convention v. to finance; to supply with money; to allocate financial
sums; to extend a short-term obligation
Forms: plural: functions Forms: funded; funded; funding

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
fundamental
fund160.
159.
fund fundamental
n. amount of money set aside for a specific purpose; adj. basic; elemental; essential
supply
Forms: plural: funds

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
funnel
fundamental162.
161.
fundamental funnel
n. principle; basis; essential v. to channel; to centralize
Forms: plural: fundamentals Forms: funneled; funneled; funneling

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
funnelled
funnel164.
163.
funnel funnelled
n. device with a wide opening at the top which narrows as adj. channeled; centralized
it reaches the bottom
Forms: plural: funnels

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
further
furniture166.
165.
furniture further
n. movable articles for use in a home or office (i.e. chairs, adj. more distant; additional
desks, cabinets, closets, etc.)
Forms: no plural
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
further
further168.
167.
further further
adv. to a greater distance; more; in addition v. to advance; to encourage; to promote; to assist
Forms: furthered; furthered; furthering

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
fussy
169.
fussy
adj. exacting; choosy; ornate; nagging; annoying
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
G 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words
G.N.P.
G.D.P.2.
G1.
G.D.P. G.N.P.
abbr. total goods and services produced by nation during abbr. total value of goods and services produced by a
one year excluding payments on foreign investments country in a given period (generally one year)
Forms: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Forms: Gross National Product (GNP)
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
gain
gain4.
3.
gain gain
n. profit; assets; achievement; increase; benefit; v. to acquire; to earn; to purchase; to obtain; to profit
advantage
Forms: plural: gains Forms: gained; gained; gaining

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
garbage
gap6.
5.
gap garbage
n. opening; breach; hiatus; space; great difference; n. something that is discarded; rubbish; trash; junk; waste
disparity
Forms: plural: gaps Forms: no plural

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
garner
garment8.
7.
garment garner
n. piece of clothing; outer covering n. place where grain is stored; granary; storehouse;
collection; store
Forms: plural: garments Forms: plural: garners

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
gasoline
garner10.
9.
garner gasoline
v. to collect; to gather; to accumulate; to store; to place in n. flammable liquid mixture derived from petroleum (used
reserve as fuel, etc.)
Forms: garnered; garnered; garnering Forms: plural: gasolines

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
gather
gate12.
11.
gate gather
n. portion of a wall or fence that opens and closes; any n. drawing together; fold; pucker
barrier which opens and closes; entrance; entryway
Forms: plural: gates Forms: plural: gathers

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
gathering
gather14.
13.
gather gathering
v. to assemble; to collect; to accumulate; to conclude; to n. assembly; meeting; convention; cluster; collection
deduce
Forms: gathered; gathered; gathering Forms: plural: gatherings

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
gauge
gauge16.
15.
gauge gauge
n. standard of measure; device for measuring (pressure, v. to measure; to evaluate; to determine; to estimate
amount, distance, etc.)
Forms: plural: gauges Forms: gauged; gauged; gauging

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
general
general18.
17.
general general
n. high ranking military officer adj. inclusive; of all things
Forms: plural: generals

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
generation
generate20.
19.
generate generation
v. to create; to produce; to bring into being n. production; creating; group of people born around the
same time
Forms: generated; generated; generating Forms: plural: generations

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
genuine
generous22.
21.
generous genuine
adj. benevolent; giving; unselfish; abundant; plentiful adj. original; real; true; natural; honest; sincere
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
get
germane24.
23.
germane get
adj. pertinent; relevant; connected v. to receive; to obtain; to purchase; to bring; to persuade
Forms: got; gotten; getting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
with
on
get
into26.
get
25.
get into get on with
v. to enter v. to continue
Forms: got into; gotten into; getting into Forms: got on with; gotten on with; getting on with
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
with
through
get
over28.
get
27.
get over get through with
v. to recover v. to finish; to complete
Forms: got over; gotten over; getting over Forms: got through with; gotten through with; getting
through with
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
gifted
gift30.
29.
gift gifted
n. present; talent; offering adj. talented; skilled; having great natural ability
Forms: plural: gifts

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
global
up32.
give
31.
give up global
v. to surrender; to quit; to stop doing adj. worldwide; universal; of the whole world
Forms: gave up; given up; giving up

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
glossary
globe34.
33.
globe glossary
n. ball; sphere; planet Earth; world n. list of terms and definitions (usually at the end of a
book); dictionary of technical or specific terms
Forms: plural: globes Forms: plural: glossaries

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
glove
glossy36.
35.
glossy glove
adj. shiny; polished; smooth n. protecting covering for the hand; padded covering for
the hand
Forms: plural: gloves

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
with
along
go
after38.
go
37.
go after go along with
v. to try to get; to attempt to get v. to comply; to conform; to follow; to agree
Forms: went after; gone after; going after Forms: went along with; gone along with; going along
with
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
goal
through40.
go
39.
go through goal
v. to experience; to endure n. target; aim; purpose; objective; destination
Forms: went through; gone through; going through Forms: plural: goals
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
good
good42.
41.
good good
adj. excellent; pleasant; valid; competent; skilled; positive adv. nice; excellent; of high quality
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
government
good44.
43.
good government
n. product; item; asset; benefit n. ruling of a country or area; political control; authority
Forms: plural: goods Forms: plural: governments

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
grade
grade46.
45.
grade grade
v. to give a mark to; to classify; to make level; to n. mark; level; degree; rank; type; extend; class (in a
evaluate; to assess school)
Forms: graded; graded; grading Forms: plural: grades

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
graduate
gradually48.
47.
gradually graduate
adv. progressively v. to complete a course of study and receive a degree or
diploma
Forms: graduated; graduated; graduating

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
graduate
graduate50.
49.
graduate graduate
adj. having a degree or diploma; concerning studies n. person who has completed a course of study and
beyond a bachelor's degree received a degree or diploma
Forms: plural: graduates

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
grain
grain52.
51.
grain grain
v. to crumble into granules n. cereal; seed; granule; particle; texture; weave
Forms: grained; grained; graining Forms: plural: grains

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
grant
grant54.
53.
grant grant
v. to agree; to give; to bestow; to answer to; to donate n. award; gift; present; contribution; donation
Forms: granted; granted; granting Forms: plural: grants

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
graph
graph56.
55.
graph graph
v. to represent by chart; to draw a curve representing a n. diagram; chart
given function
Forms: graphed; graphed; graphing Forms: plural: graphs

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
grasp
grasp58.
57.
grasp grasp
v. to seize; to grip; to comprehend; to understand; to n. hold; understanding; knowledge; realization
realize
Forms: grasped; grasped; grasping Forms: plural: grasps

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
gratitude
grateful60.
59.
grateful gratitude
adj. thankful; appreciative; expressing thanks n. thankfulness; appreciation
Forms: no plural
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
great
gratuity62.
61.
gratuity great
n. tip; bonus; recompense adj. large; important; huge; immense; wonderful; exciting
Forms: plural: gratuities

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
grit
greenhouse64.
63.
greenhouse grit
n. structure built mainly of glass in which plants are v. to grind the teeth together; to abrade; to grind; to make
cultivated out of season a harsh grinding noise
Forms: plural: greenhouses Forms: gritted; gritted; gritting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
grocer
grit66.
65.
grit grocer
n. small rough granules or particles (i.e. sand); bravery; n. person who owns and operates a food store
pluck; endurance
Forms: plural: grits Forms: plural: grocers

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
grocery
groceries68.
67.
groceries grocery
n. foods and other goods sold at a small supermarket or n. store which sells food and other household goods
store
Forms: only plural Forms: plural: groceries

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
grooming
groom70.
69.
groom grooming
v. to tend carefully; to take care of; to make clean and n. process of making neat and attractive
tidy; to prepare for
Forms: groomed; groomed; grooming Forms: plural: no plural

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
gross
gross72.
71.
gross gross
v. to make or earn a total of (before taxes and other adj. inclusive; complete; total; general; without deductions
expenses)
Forms: grossed; grossed; grossing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
grow
gross74.
73.
gross grow
n. 12 dozen; 144 v. to become larger; to cultivate; to be changed; to turn
into
Forms: plural: grosses Forms: grew; grown; growing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
guarantee
growth76.
75.
growth guarantee
n. development; progress v. to vouch for; to give a warranty; to assure; to promise
Forms: no plural Forms: guaranteed; guaranteed; guaranteeing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
guess
guarantee78.
77.
guarantee guess
n. security; warranty; pledge; assurance v. to suppose; to hypothesize; to conjecture
Forms: plural: guarantees Forms: guessed; guessed; guessing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
guide
guess80.
79.
guess guide
n. conjecture; supposition; hypothesis v. to direct; to lead; to instruct
Forms: plural: guesses Forms: guided; guided; guiding

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
guideline
guide82.
81.
guide guideline
n. instructor; director; escort; leader; manual; handbook n. instructions; manual; handbook; indication of
acceptable conduct or procedure
Forms: plural: guides Forms: plural: guidelines

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
guilty
guilt84.
83.
guilt guilty
n. state of having committed a crime or offense; adj. deserving of punishment; responsible
culpability; feeling of having done something wrong
Forms: plural: no plural

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
gymnasium
85.
gymnasium
n. building for indoor sports and exercise; fitness center
Forms: plural: gymnasiums

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
H 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words
HTML
H.R.2.
H1.
H.R. HTML
abbr. manpower; personnel; human work force; human abbr. language used to write pages and sites for the
labor; staff Internet
Forms: Human Resources (HR) Forms: hypertext markup language

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
hallmark
habit4.
3.
habit hallmark
n. custom; something that one is used to doing; part of a n. identifying characteristic
routine; behavior pattern
Forms: plural: habits Forms: plural: hallmarks

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
halt
halt6.
5.
halt halt
n. temporary stop; standstill; break or pause in a march v. to stop; to cause to stop; to pause; to hesitate; to be
or journey uncertain
Forms: plural: halts Forms: halted; halted; halting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
handle
handbook8.
7.
handbook handle
n. manual; guide; guideline; document containing n. part of an object designed to be gripped by the hand;
instructions fist name; nickname; code name; title
Forms: plural: handbooks Forms: plural: handles

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
handling
handle10.
9.
handle handling
v. to manage; to process; to deal in; to do business with; n. care; treatment; procedure; system; touch
to treat
Forms: handled; handled; handling Forms: plural: handlings

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
hard
hard12.
11.
hard hard
adj. difficult; complicated; rigid; stiff adv. strenuously; with great effort; to the full extent;
intently; to the extreme limit
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
harmonize
harmful14.
13.
harmful harmonize
adj. injurious; causing damage v. to agree; to reconcile; to be in concert with
Forms: harmonized; harmonized; harmonizing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
harness
harmony16.
15.
harmony harness
n. unity; agreement; accord; pleasing balance; symmetry n. straps and other parts by which a draft animal is
attached to a vehicle
Forms: plural: harmonies Forms: no plural

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
harvest
harness18.
17.
harness harvest
v. to use; to apply; to employ; to control; to channel n. reaping; gathering in of crops; outcome; product
Forms: harnessed; harnessed; harnessing Forms: plural: harvests

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
hazard
harvest20.
19.
harvest hazard
v. to reap; to gather in ripe crops; to catch; to gather n. danger; risk; game of chance
Forms: harvested; harvested; harvesting Forms: plural: hazards

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
hazardous
hazard22.
21.
hazard hazardous
v. to endanger; to imperil; to dare; to venture adj. dangerous; risky; perilous
Forms: hazarded; hazarded; hazarding

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
haze
haze24.
23.
haze haze
n. fog; mist; obscurity; vagueness v. to treat someone new in a humiliating manner; to
harass; to humiliate
Forms: plural: hazes Forms: hazed; hazed; hazing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
head
head26.
25.
head head
adj. chief; leading; main; principal n. mind; understanding; leader; person in authority; top
Forms: plural: heads

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headquarter
head28.
27.
head headquarter
v. to lead; to be in charge; to direct; to be at the front; to v. to set up a center of operations; to be set up in a
go in a certain direction center of operations
Forms: headed; headed; heading Forms: headquartered; headquartered; headquartering

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headway
headquarters30.
29.
headquarters headway
n. main office; central office of a company; center of n. progress; advance
operation
Forms: only plural Forms: no plural

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healthy
health32.
31.
health healthy
n. physical or mental well-being; freedom from disease adj. well; not sick; fit; sound
Forms: no plural
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hem
helicopter34.
33.
helicopter hem
n. aircraft which flies by means of horizontally rotating n. folded and stitched down edge of cloth; edge of a
blades garment
Forms: plural: helicopters Forms: plural: hems

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hesitate
hem36.
35.
hem hesitate
v. to surround; to enclose; to hesitate; to falter in v. to waver; to be uncertain; to vacillate; to falter; to be
speaking indecisive
Forms: hemmed; hemmed; hemming Forms: hesitated; hesitated; hesitating

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hidden
hesitation38.
37.
hesitation hidden
n. pausing; stammering; faltering adj. concealed; secret; not to be seen; ulterior
Forms: plural: hesitations

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hire
hide40.
39.
hide hire
v. to conceal; to cover up; to keep secret; to place out of n. wages; rent; rental; charge; fee
sight
Forms: hid; hidden; hiding Forms: plural: hires

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hit
hire42.
41.
hire hit
v. to lease; to rent; to employ n. stroke; blow; collision; success; popular event or
production
Forms: hired; hired; hiring Forms: plural: hits

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homebound
hit44.
43.
hit homebound
v. to strike; to beat; to reach; to find; to collide adj. confined usually by illness
Forms: hit; hit; hitting

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honesty
honest46.
45.
honest honesty
adj. truthful; candid; frank n. truthfulness; sincerity; integrity; frankness
Forms: no plural
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honor
honor48.
47.
honor honor
n. esteem; respect; integrity; honesty; award; privilege v. to respect; to esteem; to pay tribute; to praise; to
accept
Forms: plural: honors Forms: honored; honored; honoring

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hospital
horrible50.
49.
horrible hospital
adj. terrible; awful; disgusting n. location where sick and injured people receive medical
treatment
Forms: plural: hospitals

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host
host52.
51.
host host
n. person who receives guests; large number; multitude v. to act as master of ceremonies; to receive guests into
(of people or things) one's home; to give a party
Forms: plural: hosts Forms: hosted; hosted; hosting

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house
hourly54.
53.
hourly house
adj. continual adj. pertaining to accommodations; domesticated
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house
house56.
55.
house house
n. building used for a particular purpose; business; v. to accommodate someone; to stay; to reside; to dwell;
audience; legislative body to store; to shelter
Forms: plural: houses Forms: housed; housed; housing

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however
housing58.
57.
housing however
n. lodging; dwelling adv. in any event; anyway
Forms: plural: housing

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hr
however60.
59.
however hr
conj. in what way? abbr. period of 60 minutes
Forms: hour
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hurry
humidity62.
61.
humidity hurry
n. dampness; moistness; mugginess v. to make haste; to rush; to urge; to prod; to dash
Forms: no plural Forms: hurried; hurried; hurrying

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hyphen
hurry64.
63.
hurry hyphen
n. rush; haste; urgency n. short dash; short line used to connect or separate
words or syllables (-)
Forms: no plural Forms: plural: hyphens

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I 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words
I.P.O.
I.O.U.2.
I1.
I.O.U. I.P.O.
abbr. signed note acknowledging a debt abbr. first offering to the public of a company's shares on
the stock market
Forms: I owe you (IOU) Forms: Initial Public Offering (IPO)

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i.e.
Inc.4.
3.
Inc. i.e.
abbr. legally established as a corporation abbr. that is to say (Latin); for example; for instance
Forms: incorporated Forms: id est (i.e.)

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ideal
idea6.
5.
idea ideal
n. concept; thought; opinion; intention; plan adj. perfect; imaginary; excellent; best; exemplary
Forms: plural: ideas

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idealize
ideal8.
7.
ideal idealize
n. standard of perfection; pattern; model; person or thing v. to represent as the embodiment of perfection
that embodies a standard of perfection
Forms: plural: ideals Forms: idealized; idealized; idealizing

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identify
identification10.
9.
identification identify
n. verification of a person or thing; recognition v. to recognize; to show to be the same; to sympathize; to
relate
Forms: plural: identifications Forms: identified; identified; identifying

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idle
idle12.
11.
idle idle
adj. lazy; vain; unoccupied; unemployed v. to lounge; to do nothing; to laze around
Forms: idled; idled; idling

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ignore
ignorance14.
13.
ignorance ignore
n. lack of knowledge; illiteracy; lack of education; state of v. to disregard; to overlook; to refuse to recognize; to
being uninformed reject
Forms: no plural Forms: ignored; ignored; ignoring

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ill
ill16.
15.
ill ill
adj. sick; bad; unfriendly; unsatisfactory; inadequate; adv. with difficulty; barely; scarcely; poorly; improperly
inferior
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illustrate
ill18.
17.
ill illustrate
n. trouble; misfortune; evil; harm; disease; sickness v. to exemplify; to clarify; to explain; to depict; to elucidate
Forms: plural: ills Forms: illustrated; illustrated; illustrating

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image
illustration20.
19.
illustration image
n. picture in a book or other work; explanation; v. to draw a likeness; to describe; to reflect; to picture in
clarification the mind
Forms: plural: illustrations Forms: imaged; imaged; imaging

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imaginary
image22.
21.
image imaginary
n. figure; form; reflection; picture; likeness; embodiment adj. not real; fanciful
Forms: plural: images

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imagine
imagination24.
23.
imagination imagine
n. ability of the mind to create mental pictures which do v. to envision; to fantasize; to visualize; to think; to
not exist in reality assume
Forms: plural: imaginations Forms: imagined; imagined; imagining

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imagining
imaging26.
25.
imaging imagining
n. forming of mental pictures to control bodily processes n. fantasizing; visualizing
Forms: no plural Forms: plural: imaginings

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immediately
immediate28.
27.
immediate immediately
adj. instantaneous; prompt; direct; close conj. as soon as
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
impact
immediately30.
29.
immediately impact
adj. right away; shortly; at once; without delay v. to influence; to affect strongly; to collide; to squeeze in
Forms: impacted; impacted; impacting

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impatient
impact32.
31.
impact impatient
n. influence; effect; colliding of two bodies; touch adj. unable to wait; intolerant; restless
Forms: plural: impacts

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imperative
impede34.
33.
impede imperative
v. to delay; to obstruct; to hinder; to prevent; to thwart adj. necessary; obligatory; commanding
Forms: impeded; impeded; impeding

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implement
imperative36.
35.
imperative implement
n. necessity; obligation; command; order v. to perform; to put into effect; to carry out; to execute; to
realize
Forms: plural: imperatives Forms: implemented; implemented; implementing

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implementation
implement38.
37.
implement implementation
n. tool; instrument; piece of equipment n. realization; carrying out; performing; putting into effect;
execution
Forms: plural: implements Forms: plural: implementations

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imply
implication40.
39.
implication imply
n. consequence; outcome; result; indirect suggestion; v. to suggest indirectly; to hint; to infer; to mean; to import
connotation; hint
Forms: plural: implications Forms: implied; implied; implying

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import
import42.
41.
import import
v. to bring from another place; to bring goods from a n. brining in of goods from another country; opposite of
foreign country; to signify; to imply export; meaning; significance
Forms: imported; imported; importing Forms: plural: imports

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impose
important44.
43.
important impose
adj. significant; influential; essential; crucial; critical v. to require; to compel; to force upon; to enforce; to
institute
Forms: imposed; imposed; imposing

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impress
impossible46.
45.
impossible impress
adj. unbearable; cannot be done; cannot be endured v. to affect strongly; to emphasize; to stamp
Forms: impressed; impressed; impressing

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impressive
impression48.
47.
impression impressive
n. strong feeling or idea left by an experience; effect; adj. grand; magnificent; striking
vague memory
Forms: plural: impressions

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improvement
improve50.
49.
improve improvement
v. to make better; to increase in quality; to enhance; to n. something which enhances or improves; addition or
develop change which adds value to something
Forms: improved; improved; improving Forms: plural: improvements

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inalienable
impulse52.
51.
impulse inalienable
n. instinctual urge; sudden desire; whim; wave of energy adj. non-transferable
sent via a nerve
Forms: plural: impulses

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inbound
inanimate54.
53.
inanimate inbound
adj. lifeless; spiritless adj. traveling in an inward direction
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
incentive
incentive56.
55.
incentive incentive
adj. provocative; stimulating; encouraging n. stimulus; inducement; enticement; encouragement
Forms: plural: incentives

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incline
incinerator58.
57.
incinerator incline
n. furnace which burns things to ashes v. to slope; to bend; to bow; to slant; to influence
Forms: plural: incinerators Forms: inclined; inclined; inclining

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include
incline60.
59.
incline include
n. slope; grade; slant v. to comprise; to contain; to embrace
Forms: plural: inclines Forms: included; included; including

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inclusive
including62.
61.
including inclusive
adj. comprising; containing; embracing adj. containing; comprehensive; all-embracing; extensive;
taking in
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inconvenience
income64.
63.
income inconvenience
n. amount of money received in payment for goods or v. to cause discomfort; to trouble; to put out; to disturb
services or from other sources; revenue; profits
Forms: plural: incomes Forms: inconvenienced; inconvenienced;

inconveniencing
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incorrect
inconvenience66.
65.
inconvenience incorrect
n. bother; disturbance; nuisance; discomfort adj. wrong; erroneous; imprecise; unseemly; improper
Forms: plural: inconveniences

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increase
increase68.
67.
increase increase
v. to enlarge; to add to; to multiply; to raise; to intensify n. growth; expansion; addition; enlargement; escalation
Forms: increased; increased; increasing Forms: plural: increases

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incumbent
incredible70.
69.
incredible incumbent
adj. unbelievable; inconceivable; fabulous; great; adj. presently holding an office or position; compulsory;
amazing necessary; resting; lying
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
incur
incumbent72.
71.
incumbent incur
n. person who currently holds an office or position v. to meet with; to bring upon oneself; to acquire
Forms: plural: incumbents Forms: incurred; incurred; incurring

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independent
independent74.
73.
independent independent
adj. free; autonomous; sovereign; self-reliant; self- n. person who does not belong to any political party
sufficient
Forms: plural: independents

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index
index76.
75.
index index
v. to register; to adjust prices or salaries in accordance n. list of subjects or other information arranged in
with changes in economic indicators alphabetical order; indicator; sign
Forms: indexed; indexed; indexing Forms: plural: indexes

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indoor
indicate78.
77.
indicate indoor
v. to show; to point out; to mark; to signify; to imply; to adj. occurring within a building; meant to be used inside
exhibit
Forms: indicated; indicated; indicating

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indulge
induce80.
79.
induce indulge
v. to cause; to bring about; to set in motion; to influence v. to give in to desire; to yield to; to satisfy; to spoil; to
humor
Forms: induced; induced; inducing Forms: indulged; indulged; indulging

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industrialize
indulgence82.
81.
indulgence industrialize
n. act of giving in to desire; something which gratifies; v. to innovate and develop production
luxury; leniency
Forms: plural: indulgences Forms: industrialized; industrialized; industrializing

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infancy
industry84.
83.
industry infancy
n. manufacturing; trade; diligence; perseverance; n. beginning phase of a project; babyhood
tendency to work hard
Forms: plural: industries Forms: plural: infancies

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infant
infant86.
85.
infant infant
adj. pertaining to a minor n. baby; very young child; toddler; tot; minor
Forms: plural: infants

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inference
infer88.
87.
infer inference
v. to derive; to conclude; to guess; to surmise; to hint n. act of deriving; speculation; drawing of a conclusion
Forms: inferred; inferred; inferring Forms: plural: inferences

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inflict
inflation90.
89.
inflation inflict
n. increase in the supply of money in relation to the v. to impose; to cause something unpleasant
amount of goods available resulting in a rise in prices
Forms: plural: inflations Forms: inflicted; inflicted; inflicting

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influence
influence92.
91.
influence influence
n. effect; impact; person or thing which has power to v. to affect; to impact; to impel; to control
affect others
Forms: plural: influences Forms: influenced; influenced; influencing

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inform
influx94.
93.
influx inform
n. inflow; inward flow; place where a stream flows into v. to communicate data to; to tell; to brief; to notify
another body of water
Forms: plural: influxes Forms: informed; informed; informing

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information
informal96.
95.
informal information
adj. unofficial; relaxed; casual; easy; laid-back n. knowledge; intelligence; data
Forms: no plural
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
inhabit
ingredient98.
97.
ingredient inhabit
n. component; element; factor; one of the substances v. to occupy; to live in; to dwell in; to reside in; to populate
which comprises a mixture
Forms: plural: ingredients Forms: inhabited; inhabited; inhabiting

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inherent
inhabitant100.
99.
inhabitant inherent
n. person who lives in a particular place; resident; tenant; adj. intrinsic; existing as a natural and integral part;
occupant natural; inborn
Forms: plural: inhabitants

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initial
initial102.
101.
initial initial
n. beginning letter of a person's first name; first letter (as v. to sign using the first letter or letters of a name
of a word)
Forms: plural: initials Forms: initialed; initialed; initialing

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initially
initialed104.
103.
initialed initially
adj. signed with initials; marked with the first letter or adv. at first; in the first place; at the beginning
letter of a name
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
initiative
initiate106.
105.
initiate initiative
v. to set going; to launch; to begin; to start adj. beginning; introductory
Forms: initiated; initiated; initiating

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injure
initiative108.
107.
initiative injure
n. enterprise; drive; ambition; beginning move in a v. to hurt; to wound; to insult; to offend; to damage
process; first step
Forms: plural: initiatives Forms: injured; injured; injuring

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injury
injured110.
109.
injured injury
adj. hurt; wounded; insulted; offended; damaged n. hurt; wound; harm; damage; insult
Forms: plural: injuries

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innocent
innocent112.
111.
innocent innocent
adj. not guilty; pure; simple; naive; unsophisticated; n. person who is free from sin or wrongdoing
harmless
Forms: plural: innocents

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innovation
innovate114.
113.
innovate innovation
v. to make changes; to create something new; to invent n. introduction of something new; change; new method or
practice
Forms: innovated; innovated; innovating Forms: plural: innovations

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inquiry
innovator116.
115.
innovator inquiry
n. person who makes changes; person who introduces n. formal question; exploration; questioning; investigation
new methods or procedures; creative person
Forms: plural: innovators Forms: plural: inquiries

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insert
insert118.
117.
insert insert
v. to place in; to put in; to add to n. something created separately for the purpose of being
added to or placed inside (a book, newspaper, etc.)
Forms: inserted; inserted; inserting Forms: plural: inserts

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inspect
insist120.
119.
insist inspect
v. to demand; to emphasize firmly; to request firmly; to v. to check; to look over carefully and critically; to
require; to persevere examine officially; to review
Forms: insisted; insisted; insisting Forms: inspected; inspect; inspecting

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inspector
inspection122.
121.
inspection inspector
n. act of looking over carefully and critically; official n. person whose job it is to supervise and examine;
examination; audit; review police officer ranking below a superintendent
Forms: plural: inspections Forms: plural: inspectors

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inspire
inspiration124.
123.
inspiration inspire
n. stimulus; motivation; revelation; insight; idea v. to motivate; to stimulate; to provoke; to influence; to
encourage
Forms: plural: inspiration Forms: inspired; inspired; inspiring

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install
inspiring126.
125.
inspiring install
adj. motivating; stimulating; encouraging; provoking; v. to set up for use; to put in (i.e. machinery); to establish
inhaling in an office or position
Forms: installed; installed; installing

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instance
instalment128.
127.
instalment instance
n. one of several separate payments into which a debt v. to refer to a case or occurrence to explain or prove a
has been divided point; to cite; to mention
Forms: plural: instalments Forms: instanced; instanced; instancing

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instant
instance130.
129.
instance instant
n. occurrence; occasion; example; illustration adj. immediate; quick; urgent; pressing; present; current
Forms: plural: instances

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
instantaneously
instant132.
131.
instant instantaneously
n. moment; very short space of time; current month adv. immediately; momentarily
Forms: plural: instants

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instinctively
instead134.
133.
instead instinctively
adv. in place of; as a replacement adv. naturally; spontaneously; intuitively; automatically
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
institute
institute136.
135.
institute institute
v. to establish; to set up; to begin; to initiate; to start n. foundation; organization which provides a certain
service or supports a particular cause
Forms: instituted; instituted; instituting Forms: plural: institutes

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instruct
institution138.
137.
institution instruct
n. organization; custom; convention; law or activity which v. to inform; to direct; to guide; to command; to order; to
is accepted in a society educate
Forms: plural: institutions Forms: instructed; instructed; instructing

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instructor
instruction140.
139.
instruction instructor
n. teaching; direction; guidance; training; education; n. educator; teacher; trainer
information
Forms: plural: instructions Forms: plural: instructors

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instrument
instrument142.
141.
instrument instrument
v. to equip with devices for measuring, recording, or n. tool; implement; device; appliance; agent; means
controlling
Forms: instrumented; instrumented; instrumenting Forms: plural: instruments

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insult
insulate144.
143.
insulate insult
v. to separate from others; to segregate n. affront; offense; rude remark or action
Forms: insulated; insulated; insulating Forms: plural: insults

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insurance
insult146.
145.
insult insurance
v. to speak or act in a rude or contemptuous manner; to n. contract by which property or persons are guaranteed
offend; to affront against damage or loss
Forms: insulted; insulted; insulting Forms: plural: insurance

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integrity
insure148.
147.
insure integrity
v. to provide a guarantee against possible damage or n. honesty; uprightness; morality; wholeness; unity
loss; to make certain
Forms: insured; insured; insuring Forms: plural: no plural

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intend
intelligence150.
149.
intelligence intend
n. ability to reason and understand; cleverness; brilliance; v. to plan; to mean; to have in mind do or accomplish; to
information designate for a particular purpose
Forms: plural: no plural Forms: intended; intended; intending

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intensify
intense152.
151.
intense intensify
adj. extreme; great; powerful; strong; profound v. to increase; to strengthen; to heighten
Forms: intensified; intensified; intensifying

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intensive
intensity154.
153.
intensity intensive
n. strength; energy; extreme degree; depth; clarity adj. characterized by a high degree; highly concentrated
Forms: plural: intensities

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intent
intent156.
155.
intent intent
n. plan; goal; aim; objective; meaning adj. concentrated; focused; determined; resolute;
purposeful
Forms: plural: intents

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
interchangeable
intention158.
157.
intention interchangeable
n. plan; aim; goal; purpose adj. can be traded; can be substituted by something else
Forms: plural: intentions

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interest
interest160.
159.
interest interest
n. concern; affair; percentage on a loan which is paid v. to cause to become involved in; to arouse curiosity
over time
Forms: plural: interests Forms: interested; interested; interesting

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interim
interfere162.
161.
interfere interim
v. to impede; to obstruct; to hinder; to meddle adj. temporary; provisional
Forms: interfered; interfered; interfering

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
interim
interim164.
163.
interim interim
adv. meanwhile; in the meantime n. temporary arrangement; in between period
Forms: plural: interims

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
interior
interior166.
165.
interior interior
n. inside a building; inland section of a country adj. inner; inside; inland; of a country's domestic affairs;
of an individual's inner life
Forms: plural: interiors

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intermittent
interject168.
167.
interject intermittent
v. to place between other things; to throw into the center adj. not continuous; sporadic; fitful; alternately stopping
of and starting
Forms: plural: interjected; interjected; interjecting

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internal
internal170.
169.
internal internal
n. inner quality; intrinsic characteristic adj. inner; inside; located within; of a country's domestic
affairs
Forms: plural: internals

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internationalize
international172.
171.
international internationalize
adj. between countries; of relations between two or more v. to globalize; to make worldwide
countries
Forms: internationalized; internationalized;

internationalizing
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
interpreter
interpret174.
173.
interpret interpreter
v. to explain; to clarify; to elucidate; to understand or n. person who translates from one language to another
explain in a particular way (orally); person how clarifies; commentator
Forms: interpreted; interpreted; interpreting Forms: plural: interpreters

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interruption
interrupt176.
175.
interrupt interruption
v. to stop; to discontinue; to disturb; to bring a n. disturbance; discontinuance; stoppage; cutting-off
conversation to a halt
Forms: interrupted; interrupted; interrupting Forms: plural: interruptions

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interview
interview178.
177.
interview interview
n. meeting at which a person is evaluated through v. to question formally; to evaluate through questioning
questioning (as for a job)
Forms: plural: interviews Forms: interviewed; interviewed; interviewing

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interviewer
interviewee180.
179.
interviewee interviewer
n. person who is being asked questions; job candidate n. person who ask questions (i.e. reporter or employer)
Forms: plural: interviewees Forms: plural: interviewers

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
introduce
intricate182.
181.
intricate introduce
adj. complex; complicated; involved; entangled v. to present for the first time; to initiate; to establish; to
announce
Forms: introduced; introduced; introducing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
introductory
introduction184.
183.
introduction introductory
n. act of acquainting one person with another; preface adj. preliminary; beginning
Forms: plural: introductions

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
invention
invent186.
185.
invent invention
v. to originate; to create; to design; to fabricate; to n. creativity; resourcefulness; fabrication; falsehood
concoct
Forms: invented; invented; inventing Forms: plural: inventions

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
inventor
inventive188.
187.
inventive inventor
adj. creative; new; original n. creator; designer
Forms: plural: inventors

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
inventory
inventory190.
189.
inventory inventory
n. stock; list of assets; act of checking stock v. to make a detailed list of property; to summarize; to
sum up the worth of
Forms: plural: inventories Forms: inventoried; inventoried; inventorying

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
investment
invest192.
191.
invest investment
v. to expend money or effort for future benefits; to grant; n. expenditure of money or effort for future benefits;
to install; to cover; to authorize authorization
Forms: invested; invested; investing Forms: plural: investments

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
invisible
investor194.
193.
investor invisible
n. person who puts money into a project adj. impossible to see; imperceptible; hidden; concealed
Forms: plural: investors

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
invite
invitation196.
195.
invitation invite
n. request for one's presence; summons; call v. to request the presence of; to solicit; to attract; to
encourage; to promote
Forms: plural: invitations Forms: invited; invited; inviting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
invoice
invoice198.
197.
invoice invoice
n. bill v. to bill; to charge
Forms: plural: invoices Forms: invoiced; invoiced; invoicing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
involvement
involve200.
199.
involve involvement
v. to cause to be concerned with; to engage; to engross n. inclusion; participation; connection; association;
relation
Forms: involved; involved; involving Forms: plural: involvements

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
irritate
irrelevant202.
201.
irrelevant irritate
adj. beside the point; unconnected; impertinent; v. to annoy; to bother; to aggravate; to anger
immaterial
Forms: irritated; irritated; irritating

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
irritation
irritated204.
203.
irritated irritation
adj. annoyed; aggravated; exasperated n. something which annoys or aggravates
Forms: plural: irritations

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
issue
issue206.
205.
issue issue
n. topic; subject; matter; question; problem; publication v. to publish; to distribute; to circulate; to emit
Forms: plural: issues Forms: issued; issued; issuing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
itemize
item208.
207.
item itemize
n. thing; object; article; news story; piece of information v. to catalog; to list; to enumerate; to set down in full
detail
Forms: plural: items Forms: itemized; itemized; itemizing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
itinerary
209.
itinerary
n. route; travel plans; travel journal
Forms: plural: itineraries

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

J 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words
jeopardy
jeopardize2.
J1.
jeopardize jeopardy
v. to endanger; to place in danger; to imperil; to put at risk n. danger; peril; hazard; risk; endangerment
Forms: jeopardized; jeopardized; jeopardizing Forms: plural: jeopardies

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join
jeopardy4.
3.
jeopardy join
v. to endanger; to imperil; to put at risk; to place in danger v. to attach; to connect; to unite; to combine; to become a
member
Forms: jeopardized; jeopardized; jeopardizing Forms: joined; joined; joining

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
journal
venture6.
joint
5.
joint venture journal
n. collective enterprise; group endeavor; collaboration n. newspaper; magazine; diary; blog; bookkeeping ledger
Forms: plural: joint ventures Forms: plural: journals

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
journey
journalist8.
7.
journalist journey
n. reporter; person who writes for a newspaper or n. long trip; distance; voyage
magazine; correspondent
Forms: plural: journalists Forms: plural: journeys

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
judge
journey10.
9.
journey judge
v. to travel; to take a trip n. person who presides over court trials; arbiter; expert;
critic
Forms: journeyed; journeyed; journeying Forms: plural: judges

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
junction
judge12.
11.
judge junction
v. to criticize; to assess; to determine; to rule n. intersection; crossing; connection
Forms: judged; judged; judging Forms: plural: junctions

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
justify
13.
justify
v. to vindicate; to defend; to support; to excuse
Forms: justified; justified; justifying

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

K 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words
keep
keep2.
K1.
keep keep
n. wages; living; stronghold v. to hold onto; to save; to store; to watch over; to care for
Forms: plural: keeps Forms: kept; kept; keeping

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
key
key4.
3.
key key
n. device used to open locks; button on a board v. to fit; to adapt; to adjust; to tune; to supply with an
explanatory device
Forms: plural: keys Forms: keyed; keyed; keying

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
kind
key6.
5.
key kind
adj. important; significant; fundamental; necessary; n. type; sort; class; group of things which are classed
crucial together because of their similarities
Forms: plural: kinds

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
kindly
kind8.
7.
kind kindly
adj. gentle; good-hearted; understanding; compassionate adj. nicely; thoughtfully; graciously; considerately;
sympathetically
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
kit
kit10.
9.
kit kit
n. set; equipment; outfit; clothing; wash basin v. to equip; to outfit with supplies
Forms: plural: kits Forms: kitted; kitted; kitting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
knowledge
know12.
11.
know knowledge
v. to be acquainted with; to understand; to distinguish; to n. familiarity; understanding; wisdom; education;
be aware of awareness
Forms: knew; known; knowing Forms: no plural

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

L 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words
labor
Ltd.2.
L1.
Ltd. labor
abbr. firm, company that is organized in such a way as to v. to work; to toil; to exert oneself; to work hard
give its owners limited liability
Forms: Limited (Ld., ld) Forms: labored; labored; laboring

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lack
labor4.
3.
labor lack
n. strenuous physical or mental work; toil; exertion v. to be short of; to be without; to be missing; to need; to
want
Forms: plural: labors Forms: lacked; lacked; lacking

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
landscape
lack6.
5.
lack landscape
n. need; want; shortage; absence n. view; scenery; horizontal page orientation
Forms: plural: lacks Forms: plural: landscapes

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
language
landscaper8.
7.
landscaper language
n. person who designs gardens or large areas n. spoken or written words with which people
communicate thoughts and feelings
Forms: plural: landscapers Forms: plural: languages

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
last
large10.
9.
large last
adj. big; enormous; wide; spacious; famous v. to continue; to suffice; to endure; to persist
Forms: lasted; lasted; lasting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
last
last12.
11.
last last
adj. coming after all others; most recent; final; newest adv. after all others; finally; at the end; most recently
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
lasting
last14.
13.
last lasting
n. end; conclusion; final appearance; power of adj. continuing; enduring; remaining for a long time;
endurance; vitality; unit of weight durable
Forms: plural: lasts

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
late
lasting16.
15.
lasting late
n. strong durable fabric; persistence adv. after the usual or expected time; tardily; recently; far
on time; formerly
Forms: plural: no plural

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
launch
late18.
17.
late launch
adj. coming or occurring after the usual or expected time; v. to start; to run; to activate; to inaugurate; to break into
tardy; slow; delayed
Forms: launched; launched; launching

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
law
launch20.
19.
launch law
n. act of sending out; act of starting or initiating; n. rule enacted by a community or country; custom;
commencement; inauguration principle; convention
Forms: plural: launches Forms: plural: laws

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
lawyer
lawsuit22.
21.
lawsuit lawyer
n. case in a court of law brought by one party against n. person who represents people in a court or advises
another; legal claim them on legal matters; attorney; barrister
Forms: plural: lawsuits Forms: plural: lawyers

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
layer
off24.
lay
23.
lay off layer
v. to postpone; to dismiss from a job; to fire n. thickness of some material that covers a surface;
covering; bed; stratum
Forms: laid off; laid off; laying off Forms: plural: layers
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
layout
layman26.
25.
layman layout
n. unexperienced person n. arrangement; plan; sketch; drawing; something which
has been arranged
Forms: plural: laymen Forms: plural: layouts

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
lead
lb28.
27.
lb lead
abbr. pound; unit of weight in ancient Rome equaling v. to conduct; to guide; to direct; to influence
approximately 12 ounces
Forms: libra (lb.) Forms: led; led; leading

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
lead
lead30.
29.
lead lead
adj. most important; main; first; opening; beginning n. guidance; advance position; first place; guide
Forms: plural: leads

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
leaflet
leader32.
31.
leader leaflet
n. head; chief; director; carrier; main article n. sheet of paper on which information has been printed;
flyer
Forms: plural: leaders Forms: plural: leaflets

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
lease
leakage34.
33.
leakage lease
n. something which escapes or passes through a hole or v. to rent out property for a specific period of time; to let
opening (i.e. liquid, gas, etc.)
Forms: plural: leakages Forms: leased; leased; leasing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
least
lease36.
35.
lease least
n. a contract granting use or occupation of property adj. smallest in size; smallest in amount; lowest in
during a specified time for a specified payment importance
Forms: plural: leases

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
least
least38.
37.
least least
adv. to the smallest extent possible n. something which is smallest in size or importance
Forms: plural: leasts

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
leave
leather40.
39.
leather leave
n. tanned and preserved animal skin; item made of v. to depart; to exit; to quit; to omit; to let alone
animal skin
Forms: plural: leathers Forms: left; left; leaving

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
lecture
leave42.
41.
leave lecture
n. vacation; time off; permission to be absent; departure; v. to deliver a discourse before an audience; to reprimand
farewell tediously
Forms: plural: leaves Forms: lectured; lectured; lecturing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
legacy
lecture44.
43.
lecture legacy
n. discourse given before an audience; tedious n. inheritance; bequest; something handed down from
reprimand; formal reproof one's ancestors
Forms: plural: lectures Forms: plural: legacies

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
legitimate
legal46.
45.
legal legitimate
adj. of or pertaining to the law; allowed by law adj. lawful; acceptable; justified; authorized
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
leisure
legitimate48.
47.
legitimate leisure
v. to make valid; to make lawful; to justify; to make n. time free from work other demands and duties; free
permissible time; rest; recreation
Forms: legitimated; legitimated; legitimating Forms: no plural

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
lesson
lend50.
49.
lend lesson
v. to give on a temporary basis; to give money as a loan; v. to instruct; to teach; to scold; to reprove; to rebuke
to donate
Forms: lent; lent; lending Forms: lessoned; lessoned; lessoning

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
letter
lesson52.
51.
lesson letter
n. exercise; assignment given to a student; something to n. character which is part of an alphabet; written
be studied and learned communication sent to a person or organization
Forms: plural: lessons Forms: plural: letters

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
level
letterhead54.
53.
letterhead level
n. line printed at the top of a piece of stationary v. to straighten; to flatten; to make even; to equalize
Forms: plural: letterheads Forms: leveled; leveled; leveling

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
level
level56.
55.
level level
adj. straight; equal; even; honest n. degree; rank; height; plane; flat horizontal plain
Forms: plural: levels

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
leverage
lever58.
57.
lever leverage
n. a simple machine that gives a mechanical advantage v. to use one's influence to affect people or
when given a fulcrum circumstances
Forms: plural: levers Forms: leveraged; leveraged; leveraging

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
levy
leverage60.
59.
leverage levy
n. influence; ability to affect or alter people or v. to impose a tax or fine; to conscript troops
circumstance
Forms: no plural Forms: levied; levied; levying

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
liability
levy62.
61.
levy liability
n. a charge imposed and collected n. financial obligation; debt; responsibility; obligation
Forms: plural: levies Forms: plural: liabilities

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
liberal
liable64.
63.
liable liberal
adj. under legal obligation; responsible; prone adj. in favor of reform; supporting a progressive
philosophy; tolerant; open-minded
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
library
liberal66.
65.
liberal library
n. person who favors political and social reform n. place where one can borrow books
Forms: plural: liberals Forms: plural: libraries

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
license
license68.
67.
license license
v. to grant a permit; to authorize; to permit; to allow n. permit; official permission; authorization; document
which shows proof of authorization; certificate
Forms: licensed; licensed; licensing Forms: plural: licenses

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
likelihood
lifestyle70.
69.
lifestyle likelihood
n. way of life n. probability; chance; feasibility; possibility
Forms: plural: lifestyles Forms: no plural

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
likely
likely72.
71.
likely likely
adj. reasonable; probable; possible; appropriate; adv. seemingly; probably
promising
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
limit
limit74.
73.
limit limit
v. to create boundaries; to restrict; to reduce; to function n. point at which something ends; edge; border;
as a border restriction; restraint
Forms: limited; limited; limiting Forms: plural: limits

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
line
limited76.
75.
limited line
adj. confined within a boundary; restricted; narrow; v. to place in a row; to cover the inside of; to pad
mediocre
Forms: lined; lined; lining

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
link
line78.
77.
line link
n. long thin mark; row; border; domain; tactic v. to join; to connect; to associate with; to relate to
Forms: plural: lines Forms: linked; linked; linking

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
list
link80.
79.
link list
n. connection; relation; association; one ring of a chain; v. to write or print a series of names or items according to
ring a certain order; to inscribe; to record
Forms: plural: links Forms: listed; listed; listing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
litter
list82.
81.
list litter
n. roll; roster; inventory; strip; band v. to toss or dump garbage in an unauthorized place; to
scatter objects in disorder
Forms: plural: lists Forms: littered; littered; littering

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
load
litter84.
83.
litter load
n. refuse; trash; disorder v. to fill; to pack (with goods, cargo, etc.)
Forms: plural: litters Forms: loaded; loaded; loading

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
loan
load86.
85.
load loan
n. something carried; cargo; burden; unit of measure or v. to lend a sum of money for a period of time; to give
weight; capacity temporarily
Forms: plural: loads Forms: loaned; loaned; loaning

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
local
loan88.
87.
loan local
n. amount of money that has been borrowed; something adj. characterized; by or occupying a particular place
borrowed; act of giving temporarily
Forms: plural: loans

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
locate
local90.
89.
local locate
n. person who is native to or resides in a particular area v. to situate; to place; to identify; to find; to settle
Forms: plural: locals Forms: located; located; locating

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
location
located92.
91.
located location
adj. situated; placed; identified; found; existing; standing n. place; position; situation; site; spot
Forms: plural: locations

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
lock
lock94.
93.
lock lock
v. to fix in place; to link firmly together; to be held in place n. fastening mechanism which is opened with a key or
other device
Forms: locked; locked; locking Forms: plural: locks

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
logistics
locksmith96.
95.
locksmith logistics
n. person who who makes and fixes keys and fasting n. planning and execution; management of a business or
mechanisms other operation
Forms: plural: locksmiths Forms: only plural

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
to
forward
look
logo98.
97.
logo look forward to
n. graphic symbol which represents a company or v. to anticipate gladly
organization
Forms: plural: logos Forms: looked forward to; looked forward to; looking
forward to
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
over
look
into100.
look
99.
look into look over
v. to investigate v. to examine
Forms: looked into; looked into; looking into Forms: looked over; looked over; looking over
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
loom
loom102.
101.
loom loom
v. to appear as a large and indistinct form; to appear as n. apparatus on which fabrics are woven; weaving
larger than life; to impend machine
Forms: loomed; loomed; looming Forms: plural: looms

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
loop
loop104.
103.
loop loop
v. to make circular shape n. fastener consisting of a metal ring for lining a small
hole to permit the attachment of cords or lines
Forms: looped; looped; looping Forms: plural: loops

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loss
lose106.
105.
lose loss
v. to misplace; to be deprived of; to be defeated; to fail; n. opposite of profit; deprivation; defeat; destruction
opposite of to win
Forms: lost; lost; losing Forms: plural: losses

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
lounge
lounge108.
107.
lounge lounge
v. to lie down; to recline; to move in a relaxed manner; to n. sofa; couch; lobby; slow walk; stroll
walk lazily
Forms: lounged; lounged; lounging Forms: plural: lounges

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
loyalty
loyal110.
109.
loyal loyalty
adj. faithful; true to one's obligations n. faithfulness; devotion; constancy
Forms: no plural
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
lucrative
lucid112.
111.
lucid lucrative
adj. comprehensible; intelligible; rational; transparent; adj. profitable; yielding monetary rewards; gainful
bright
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
lumber
luggage114.
113.
luggage lumber
n. suitcases; cases and bags carried by travelers n. trees that have been sawed into rough planks; useless
items that been put in storage

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
luncheon
lumber116.
115.
lumber luncheon
v. to move heavily or awkwardly; to accumulate; to collect n. afternoon party where a light meal is served
Forms: lumbered; lumbered; lumbering Forms: plural: luncheons

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

M 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words
machine
machine2.
M1.
machine machine
n. device made up of interconnected parts that work v. to produce via mechanical means
together to perform a given task or function
Forms: plural: machines Forms: machined; machined; machining

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
mail
magnificent4.
3.
magnificent mail
adj. splendid; majestic; superb; glorious; impressive n. postal service; letters and other items that are sent via
the postal service
Forms: no plural
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
mailing
mail6.
5.
mail mailing
v. to send a letter or other item via the postal service; to n. large batch of letters sent at one time by a single
post sender; rented property
Forms: mailed; mailed; mailing Forms: plural: mailings

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
main
main8.
7.
main main
n. principal pipe or duct in a system; chief part of adj. principal; head; chief
something; strength or force; high sea
Forms: plural: mains

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
maintain
mainframe10.
9.
mainframe maintain
n. computer which can serve many users simultaneously v. to keep in existence; to preserve; to support; to provide
for
Forms: plural: mainframes Forms: maintained; maintained; maintaining

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
major
maintenance12.
11.
maintenance major
n. upkeep; repairs; livelihood; means of support n. military rank above captain; main subject of study
chosen by a college or university student
Forms: no plural Forms: plural: majors

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
major
major14.
13.
major major
v. to specialize in a certain field adj. more important than others; great; serious
Forms: majored; majored; majoring

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
mall
majority16.
15.
majority mall
n. greater number or part; number greater than half of the n. shopping center; pedestrian walkway; promenade
total
Forms: plural: majorities Forms: plural: malls

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
management
manage18.
17.
manage management
v. to administer; to direct; to supervise; to accomplish; to n. person of group of people that runs and administers a
handle business or other enterprise
Forms: managed; managed; managing Forms: plural: managements

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
managerial
manager20.
19.
manager managerial
n. person who runs a company; director; administrator; adj. relating to supervision and responsibility
supervisor
Forms: plural: managers

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
mandate
mandate22.
21.
mandate mandate
n. command; order; authorization granted from one body v. to issue a command; to make an official order
to a subordinate body
Forms: plural: mandates Forms: mandated; mandated; mandating

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
manual
manner24.
23.
manner manual
n. mode; fashion; style; behavior; way; type n. instructional booklet; handbook
Forms: plural: manners Forms: plural: manuals

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
manually
manual26.
25.
manual manually
adj. physical; done using human skill or force adv. by hand; physically
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
manufacture
manufacture28.
27.
manufacture manufacture
n. product made by hand or by machine v. to make by machine; to produce; to fabricate; to invent
Forms: plural: manufactures Forms: manufactured; manufactured; manufacturing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
margin
margin30.
29.
margin margin
n. profit from the difference between costs and net sales v. to set apart an additional amount of space or money
for security
Forms: plural: margins Forms: margined; margined; margining

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
mark
mark32.
31.
mark mark
n. sign; indication; symbol; grade; trace v. to indicate; to signal; to write down; to record; to notice
Forms: plural: marks Forms: marked; marked; marking

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
market
market34.
33.
market market
n. demand for goods or services; rate of purchase and v. to sell; to trade or deal; to distribute; to promote
sale; fair
Forms: plural: markets Forms: marketed; marketed; marketing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
match
match36.
35.
match match
n. competition; equal opponent; partner; counterweight; v. to be compatible; to be suitable; to be an equal
game competitor; to compare
Forms: plural: matches Forms: matched; matched; matching

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
matter
maternal38.
37.
maternal matter
adj. motherly; related through a mother; relating to or n. issue; affair; question; problem; substance of a
characteristic of a mother or motherhood particular composition and consistency
Forms: plural: matters

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
maximum
maximum40.
39.
maximum maximum
n. greatest quantity or amount possible; highest capacity adj. greatest; most; utmost; highest
Forms: plural: maximums

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
mean
mayor42.
41.
mayor mean
n. elected official acting as executive head of a town or n. midpoint; middle; equally far from two extremes;
city average
Forms: plural: mayors Forms: plural: means

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
mean
mean44.
43.
mean mean
v. to signify; to be significant; to intend; to indicate adj. average; middle; unkind; base; inferior
Forms: meant; meant; meaning

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
meaning
meaning46.
45.
meaning meaning
n. definition; significance; intention; explanation adj. significant; important
Forms: plural: meanings

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
measurable
means48.
47.
means measurable
n. method; way; medium; resources; funds adj. estimable; determinable; assessable
Forms: only plural

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measure
measure50.
49.
measure measure
n. action; step; criterion; amount; degree; extent v. to gauge; to quantify; to assess; to evaluate; to
estimate
Forms: plural: measures Forms: measured; measured; measuring

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medicine
measurement52.
51.
measurement medicine
n. calculation of size or extent; assessment of capacity or n. art and science of disease treatment and health
dimension maintenance; remedy; drug
Forms: plural: measurements Forms: plural: medicines

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medium
mediocre54.
53.
mediocre medium
adj. regular; ordinary; low-grade; poor n. means of expression; channel of communication;
middle man; intermediary; broker
Forms: plural: media

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membership
member56.
55.
member membership
n. person who belongs to an organization or group; part; n. state of belonging to an organization or group;
organ fellowship
Forms: plural: members Forms: plural: memberships

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mend
memo58.
57.
memo mend
n. reminder; internal document n. reform; repair; act of repairing; state of healing or
improvement
Forms: plural: memos Forms: plural: mends

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
mental
mend60.
59.
mend mental
v. to repair; to improve; to be improved adj. of or relating to the mind; intellectual; psychosocial
Forms: mended; mended; mending

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
mention
mention62.
61.
mention mention
n. direct or incidental reference; recognition of an v. to remind of; to state; to refer to; to hint at; to indicate
achievement
Forms: plural: mentions Forms: mentioned; mentioned; mentioning

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menu
mentor64.
63.
mentor menu
n. adviser; counselor; person who guides and teaches; n. list of choices; list of commands or options which may
spiritual instructor be selected
Forms: plural: mentors Forms: plural: menus

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merchandise
merchandise66.
65.
merchandise merchandise
n. goods; ware; stock; articles or items to be sold v. to trade; to plan for and promote for sales of; to market
goods
Forms: no plural Forms: merchandised; merchandised; merchandising

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merger
merge68.
67.
merge merger
v. to blend; to be blended; to combine or unite into a n. fusion; agglomeration
single body; to be assimilated
Forms: merged; merged; merging Forms: plural: mergers

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messenger
message70.
69.
message messenger
n. communication; information; announcement; note; n. person employed to deliver official dispatches or go on
memo; intimation special errands
Forms: plural: messages Forms: plural: messengers

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method
meter72.
71.
meter method
n. instrument that automatically measures quantities of n. procedure; plan of action; way; manner in which one
substances (gas, water or electricity) conducts business; technique
Forms: plural: meters Forms: plural: methods

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metropolitan
meticulous74.
73.
meticulous metropolitan
adj. pedantic; cautious concerning minute details; n. resident of a capital city; sophisticated big-city person
scrupulous
Forms: plural: metropolitans

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mid-range
metropolitan76.
75.
metropolitan mid-range
adj. characteristic of a capital city; sophisticated n. pertaining to a value that is approximately in the middle
of a series of values
Forms: plural: mid-ranges

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midmorning
midday78.
77.
midday midmorning
n. noon; 12 a.m. n. before noon
Forms: plural: middays Forms: no plural

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
might
might80.
79.
might might
n. strength; power; force; bravery v. can; to allow; to be possible; to wish
Forms: plural: mights Forms: could; might have

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mind
millennium82.
81.
millennium mind
n. unit of time equal to one thousand years; thousandth n. brain; memory; recollection; opinion; intention; desire
year anniversary
Forms: plural: millenniums Forms: plural: minds

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minimum
mind84.
83.
mind minimum
v. to pay attention to; to supervise; to regret; to oppose; n. least possible amount; smallest possible size; lowest
to remember; to notice degree
Forms: minded; minded; minding Forms: plural: minimums

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minority
minimum86.
85.
minimum minority
adj. pertaining to the smallest; indicating the least n. part of a population differing in some characteristic;
state of being under legal age
Forms: plural: minorities

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minute
minute88.
87.
minute minute
n. unit of time equal to 60 seconds; 1/60 of an hour; v. to record the proceedings of a meeting; to make a
memo; protocol; memorandum memorandum
Forms: plural: minutes Forms: minuted; minuted; minuting

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minutely
minute90.
89.
minute minutely
adj. tiny; extremely small; trivial; petty; accurate adv. meticulously; exactingly; scrupulously; diligently;
thoroughly
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
misgiving
miserably92.
91.
miserably misgiving
adv. without pleasure or happiness; wretchedly; poorly n. apprehension; worry; doubt; hesitation; reservation
Forms: plural: misgivings

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
mistake
mission94.
93.
mission mistake
n. task; assignment; delegation; errand; religious n. blunder; fault; error
delegation
Forms: plural: missions Forms: plural: mistakes

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mistreatment
mistake96.
95.
mistake mistreatment
v. to make an error; to be wrong; to confuse n. abuse; molestation
Forms: mistook; mistaken; mistaking Forms: no plural

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misunderstanding
misunderstand98.
97.
misunderstand misunderstanding
v. to interpret incorrectly; to comprehend incorrectly n. incorrect interpretation
Forms: misunderstood; misunderstood; misunderstanding Forms: plural: misunderstandings

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
mobilize
mitigate100.
99.
mitigate mobilize
v. to soften in force or severity; to lessen the impact or v. to move; to circulate; to draft; to assemble for action
intensity of; to appease (especially armed reserves)
Forms: mitigated; mitigated; mitigating Forms: mobilized; mobilized; mobilizing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
modest
moderately102.
101.
moderately modest
adv. mildly; deliberatively; in a temperate manner; not adj. humble; unpretentious; unassuming; simple; limited
excessively; reasonably
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
mollify
modification104.
103.
modification mollify
n. change; adjustment, agreement; adaptation; restriction v. to calm; to soften; to pacify; to relieve
Forms: plural: modifications Forms: mollified; mollified; mollifying

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
monetize
momentum106.
105.
momentum monetize
n. force of movement; strength or motivation derived from v. to turn into profit; to generate revenue
an initial effort
Forms: plural: monumentums Forms: monetized; monetized; monetizing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
supply
money
money108.
107.
money money supply
n. coins and paper notes which have value; currency; n. the total amount of funds in circulation in a given
medium of trade; wealth country's economy
Forms: plural: monies or moneys Forms: plural: money supplies

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monitor
monitor110.
109.
monitor monitor
v. to supervise; to observe; to follow up on; to check up n. supervisor; device for regulating; screen
on
Forms: monitored; monitored; monitoring Forms: plurals: masc.: monitors; fem.: monitresses or
monitrixes
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
moral
mood112.
111.
mood moral
n. state of mind; predominant emotion adj. ethical; virtuous; righteous; principled; having
integrity
Forms: plural: moods

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mortgage
moral114.
113.
moral mortgage
n. ethic; lesson; principle v. to sign over property to a creditor as security for money
that is owed; to obligate
Forms: plural: morals Forms: mortgaged; mortgaged; mortgaging

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motivate
mortgage116.
115.
mortgage motivate
n. conditional conveyance of property as for security on a v. to prompt; to spur; to provide inspiration; to stir to
loan; pledging; lien action; to induce
Forms: plural: mortgages Forms: motivated; motivated; motivating

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motive
motivation118.
117.
motivation motive
n. incentive; drive; inspiration; state of being stirred to adj. of reason or cause; inspiring to action
action
Forms: plural: motivations

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
move
motive120.
119.
motive move
n. something that causes a person to act; cause; v. to act on; to transfer from one place to another; to
incentive; purpose; intention change residence
Forms: plural: motives Forms: moved; moved; moving

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
mth.
move122.
121.
move mth.
n. change of residence; action; turn in a game; formal abbr. period of about 30 days or 4 weeks; 1/12 of a year
request or proposition
Forms: plural: moves Forms: month

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mull
mull124.
123.
mull mull
v. to think over; to ponder; to contemplate; to heat and n. thin muslin fabric (Hindi); beach cliff (Scottish)
spice for drinking
Forms: mulled: mulled: mulling Forms: plural: mulls

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
must
must126.
125.
must must
v. to have to; to be obligated; to be likely or probable n. necessity; obligation; new wine; grape juice that has
not yet fermented
Forms: must; must; must Forms: no plural

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
myriad
127.
myriad
n. great number of persons or things; many; a lot;
composed of a countless number of items
Forms: plural: myriads

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N 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words
name
N/A2.
N1.
N/A name
abbr. describing something that can be left out isn't n. word or phrase by which someone or something is
required called or identified; moniker
Forms: not available; not applicable Forms: plural: names

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
name
name4.
3.
name name
v. to appoint; to specify; to identify; to designate adj. reputed; famous
Forms: named; named; naming

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narrow
narrow6.
5.
narrow narrow
v. to limit; to restrict; to contract; to lessen in width; to adj. tight; strait; reduced; not wide
taper
Forms: narrowed; narrowed; narrowing

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nearby
nationality8.
7.
nationality nearby
n. citizenship; patriotism adj. close at hand
Forms: plural: nationalities

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
necessarily
nearby10.
9.
nearby necessarily
adv. next to; alongside adv. as a logical result; unavoidably
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
necessary
necessary12.
11.
necessary necessary
n. something that is essential or imperative; essentials of adj. vital; essential; indispensable; unavoidable
life (food, clothing, and shelter)
Forms: plural: necessaries

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
need
necessity14.
13.
necessity need
n. obligation; need; requirement n. requirement; shortage of an indispensable item;
distress; hardship
Forms: plural: necessities Forms: plural: needs

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neglect
need16.
15.
need neglect
v. to require; to be in distress; to be under hardship; to be n. disregard; inattention; forgetfulness; abandonment
obligated
Forms: needed; needed; needing Forms: plural: neglects

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
negligence
neglect18.
17.
neglect negligence
v. to disregard; to ignore; to forget to perform (a duty); to n. neglect; disregard; carelessness; failure to provide the
shirk; to abandon necessary provision for (Law)
Forms: neglected; neglected; neglecting Forms: no plural

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
negotiate
negotiable20.
19.
negotiable negotiate
adj. describing an asset or item which can easily be sold v. to bargain; to deal; to work out; to compromise; to clear
or transferred or pass an obstacle
Forms: negotiated; negotiated; negotiating

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
nevertheless
negotiator22.
21.
negotiator nevertheless
n. person who participates in a bargaining session adv. anyway; anyhow; still; all the same
Forms: plurals: masc.: negotiators; fem.: negotiatrixes

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
newsletter
news24.
23.
news newsletter
n. report of recent events; information about previously n. short informational periodical that is usually distributed
unknown facts to the members of an interest group
Forms: no plural Forms: plural: newsletters

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
no.
nexus26.
25.
nexus no.
n. means of connection; link; joint; connected group abbr. numeral; mathematical value or its symbol; unit in a
series; part
Forms: plural: nexuses Forms: number

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
nomination
nominate28.
27.
nominate nomination
v. to appoint someone (for a position, office, or honor); to n. appointment; proposal of a candidate (for an office or
designate; to select an honor)
Forms: nominated; nominated; nominating Forms: plural: nominations

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
note
nominee30.
29.
nominee note
n. person who has been appointed; candidate v. not intended to earn profits; to observe; to remark on;
to make a comment; to record
Forms: plural: nominees Forms: noted; noted; noting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
notebook
note32.
31.
note notebook
n. short written reminder; memo; brief informal letter; n. portable personal computer; laptop computer
official message
Forms: plural: notes Forms: plural: notebooks

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
notice
notice34.
33.
notice notice
v. to discern; to perceive; to pay attention; to observe; to n. announcement; poster, sign; warning; attention;
remark consideration
Forms: noticed; noticed; noticing Forms: plural: notices

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
novel
novel36.
35.
novel novel
adj. new; strange n. piece of long fiction with a plot and characters; story
Forms: plural: novels

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
nuance
novelty38.
37.
novelty nuance
n. innovation; something new; discovery n. slight difference; subtle distinction
Forms: plural: novelties Forms: plural: nuances

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
number
number40.
39.
number number
v. to count; to equal in amount; to limit; to allot adj. anesthetized; lacking sensitivity (to pain); in shock;
senseless
Forms: numbered; numbered; numbering

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
nurse
number42.
41.
number nurse
n. mathematical value or its symbol; indefinite amount; v. to breast-feed; to suckle; to provide medical care; to
quantity of; sum take care of
Forms: plural: numbers Forms: nursed; nursed; nursing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
nurse
43.
nurse
n. medical caretaker (especially in a hospital under the
supervision of a doctor)
Forms: plural: nurses

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O 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words
object
object2.
O1.
object object
n. article, thing; goal; focus of a thought or action v. to oppose; to protest
Forms: plural: objects Forms: objected; objected; objecting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
objective
objection4.
3.
objection objective
n. opposition; appeal; denial; protest n. aim; purpose, goal
Forms: plural: objections Forms: plural: objectives

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
obligation
objective6.
5.
objective obligation
adj. impartial; unbiased; existing outside of the mind n. duty responsibility; indebtedness; agreement
Forms: plural: obligations

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
observe
obligatory8.
7.
obligatory observe
adj. binding; compelling; must be done; necessary v. to watch; to study; to monitor; to supervise; to discern
Forms: observed; observed; observing

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obtain
obsolete10.
9.
obsolete obtain
adj. ancient; archaic; no longer in use; outdated; useless v. to acquire; to procure; to secure; to earn; to achieve
Forms: obtained; obtained; obtaining

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obviously
obvious12.
11.
obvious obviously
adj. clear; unmistakable; apparent; evident; plain adv. clearly; unmistakably; plainly; apparently
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
occasion
occasion14.
13.
occasion occasion
n. opportunity; occurrence, event; incident; reason; cause v. to cause; to incite; to bring to pass
Forms: plural: moccasins Forms: occasioned; occasioned; occasioning

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occupation
occupancy16.
15.
occupancy occupation
n. period of residence; act of taking possession (Law); n. act of forcefully taking possession of an area; seizure;
right of possession conquest; possession or settlement of land
Forms: plural: occupancies Forms: plural: occupations

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occur
occupied18.
17.
occupied occur
adj. conquered; seized; filled; taken up; inhabited; v. to happen; to take place; to transpire; to come to mind;
populated to suggest itself
Forms: occurred; occurred; occurring

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
offence
occurrence20.
19.
occurrence offence
n. happening; event; incident n. attack; misdeed; insult; transgression
Forms: plural: occurrences Forms: plural: offences

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
offense
offender22.
21.
offender offense
n. transgressor; person who breaks the law; one who n. attack; misdeed; insult; transgression
insults
Forms: plural: offenders Forms: plural: offenses

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
offer
offensive24.
23.
offensive offer
n. attack; act of aggression; position of pursuit or n. suggestion; proposal of a price; tender; bid
aggression
Forms: plural: offensives Forms: plural: offers

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
office
offer26.
25.
offer office
v. to suggest; to tender; to bid; to propose a price; to n. chamber; bureau; incumbency; agency; authority
present
Forms: offered; offered; offering Forms: plural: offices

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
offing
official28.
27.
official offing
n. person who holds public position; authority n. distant part of the sea visible from the shore; remote
place far from the shore; high seas
Forms: plural: officials Forms: no plural

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
offset
offset30.
29.
offset offset
n. outcome; compensation; counterbalance v. to compensate; to balance
Forms: plural: offsets Forms: offset; offset; offsetting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
omit
omission32.
31.
omission omit
n. deletion; negligence; failure; default v. to delete; to skip over; to neglect
Forms: plural: omissions Forms: omitted; omitted; omitting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
operate
onus34.
33.
onus operate
n. responsibility; duty; burden; impediment; blame v. to act; to function; to manage; to use; to activate; to
perform surgery
Forms: plural: onuses Forms: operated; operated; operating

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operational
operation36.
35.
operation operational
n. working, performance, handling; venture, undertaking; adj. working; functional; ready for use
series of actions
Forms: plural: operations

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
opinion
operator38.
37.
operator opinion
n. one who activates; worker of a telephone switchboard; n. attitude; outlook; formal judgment or estimation
operation symbol
Forms: plural: operators Forms: plural: opinions

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
opportunity
opportune40.
39.
opportune opportunity
adj. appropriate; fitting; well-timed; timely; proper; n. chance; occasion; favorable time to act
expedient
Forms: plural: opportunities

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opposite
opposite42.
41.
opposite opposite
n. contrast; something contrary adj. facing; across from; contrary; reverse; different;
antithetical
Forms: plural: opposites

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
opposite
opposite44.
43.
opposite opposite
adv. contrarily prep. across from; facing
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
order
option46.
45.
option order
n. choice; alternative; possibility; selection; election n. arrangement; instruction; command; request for
something
Forms: plural: options Forms: plural: orders

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
ordinary
order48.
47.
order ordinary
v. to command; to request something; to arrange; to n. ecclesiastical judge; priest
manage
Forms: ordered; ordered; ordering Forms: plural: ordinaries

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
organize
ordinary50.
49.
ordinary organize
adj. regular; common v. to arrange; to order; to systematize; to set up; to unite;
to structure
Forms: organized; organized; organizing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
original
origin52.
51.
origin original
n. source; beginning; birth; parentage; nationality n. source from which something arises; prototype; model
Forms: plural: origins Forms: plural: originals

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
originality
original54.
53.
original originality
adj. first; primary; innovative; creative; novel n. state of not being a derivative of anything else
Forms: plural: originalities

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
originate
originally56.
55.
originally originate
adv. at first; in the first place; in a unique manner v. to begin; to be created; to result from; to develop; to be
produced
Forms: originated; originated; originating

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
ostentatious
ostensibly58.
57.
ostensibly ostentatious
adv. apparently; seemingly; to all appearances adj. showy; pretentious; bombastic; pompous; garish
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
outbound
ought60.
59.
ought outbound
v. to need to; must; to be obligated adj. leaving; sailing; traveling to another country
Forms: modal verb

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
outlet
outdoor62.
61.
outdoor outlet
adj. of nature n. exit; electrical source for connecting appliances; store;
shop; joint
Forms: plural: outlets

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
outside
output64.
63.
output outside
n. yield; product; manufacture; information sent out from n. external part or surface of something
a computer
Forms: plural: outputs Forms: no plural

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
outside
outside66.
65.
outside outside
adj. external; of the outdoors; from the outdoors; maximal adv. out of doors
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
outstanding
outside68.
67.
outside outstanding
prep. besides; aside from adj. excellent; conspicuous; prominent; due
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
overcome
overall70.
69.
overall overcome
n. work clothing consisting of denim trousers (usually with v. to subdue; to solve
a bib and shoulder straps)
Forms: plural: overalls Forms: overcame; overcame; overcoming

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
overhead
overdraft72.
71.
overdraft overhead
n. limit to which money may be withdrawn from the bank n. general expenses; manufacturing and business
on credit expenses
Forms: plural: overdrafts Forms: no plural

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
overhead
overhead74.
73.
overhead overhead
adj. of general expenses; general adv. from above; above; in the sky
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
overlap
overlap76.
75.
overlap overlap
n. something that is superimposed v. to cover a part of; to have something in common
Forms: plural: overlaps Forms: overlapped; overlapped; overlapping

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
overseas
overlook78.
77.
overlook overseas
v. to inspect; to supervise; to miss; to omit; to ignore; to adj. foreign; abroad
excuse
Forms: overlooked; overlooked; overlooking

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
oversee
overseas80.
79.
overseas oversee
adv. in a place across an ocean v. to supervise; to manage; to inspect
Forms: oversaw; overseen; overseeing

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overtime
overt82.
81.
overt overtime
adj. plain; clear; visible; public; intentional; undisguised n. work beyond regular working hours; pay for such work
(Law)
Forms: no plural
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
overview
overtime84.
83.
overtime overview
adv. exceeding regular working hours n. synopsis; general survey; introduction
Forms: plural: overviews

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
owe
overwhelm86.
85.
overwhelm owe
v. to defeat; to master; to crush; to stagger; to stun; to v. to be indebted to; to be under obligation to pay or
daze repay
Forms: overwhelmed; overwhelmed; overwhelming Forms: owed; owed; owing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
own
own88.
87.
own own
v. to be in possession of; to belong to; to confess adj. belonging to oneself or itself (mine, yours, his, etc.);
self; by oneself
Forms: owned; owned; owning

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
ownership
owner90.
89.
owner ownership
n. proprietor n. legal right of possession
Forms: plural: owners Forms: plural: ownerships

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

P 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words
PR
PIN2.
P1.
PIN PR
abbr. set of numbers which identifies a person abbr. actions of promoting goodwill and distributing
information for a company or organization
Forms: personal identification number Forms: public relations

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Ph.D.
PTO4.
3.
PTO Ph.D.
abbr. requesting to view or read the opposite side of a abbr. graduate with a doctorate; graduate of a doctoral
page or document program; university degree; title
Forms: please turn over Forms: Doctor of Philosophy

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
package
p.m.6.
5.
p.m. package
abbr. between noon and midnight; in the afternoon; after n. bundle; parcel; container for storage or transportation;
the hour of 12:00 noon inseparable combination of items
Forms: post meridiem (pm, P.M., PM) Forms: plural: packages

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
pad
package8.
7.
package pad
v. to wrap; to combine things together as one inseparable n. piece of soft material which cushions; block of pages
unit stacked together and connected on one side
Forms: packaged; packaged; packaging Forms: plural: pads

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page
pad10.
9.
pad page
v. to cushion; to fill; to fill out; to walk; to go by foot n. piece of paper; attendant; servant
Forms: padded; padded; padding Forms: plural: pages

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paint
page12.
11.
page paint
v. to call; to summon (e.g. to the telephone); to number n. colored substance applied to surfaces; layer of dried
sheets of paper in a collection pigment on a surface
Forms: paged; paged; paging Forms: plural: paints

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pair
paint14.
13.
paint pair
v. to apply color to a surface; to put makeup on; to n. match; whole consisting of two parts; couple
describe something in words
Forms: painted; painted; painting Forms: plural: pairs

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pallet
pair16.
15.
pair pallet
v. to couple; to be part one of a match; to mate n. straw-filled mattress; hard and simple bed; platform
used to stack items during moving or storage
Forms: paired; paired; pairing Forms: plural: pallets

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paper
panel18.
17.
panel paper
n. group of judges; board; band; strip; crew; staff n. thin sheets of fibrous material used to write on; article;
essay; questionnaire
Forms: plural: panels Forms: plural: papers

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paragraph
paradigm20.
19.
paradigm paragraph
n. model; ideal; mold; form; example; pattern n. passage; distinct portion of text (usually begins with an
indented line); section; clause
Forms: plural: paradigms Forms: plural: paragraphs

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paramount
parameter22.
21.
parameter paramount
n. variable which determines the form of a function adj. superior; supreme; above all; of the highest rank;
most important
Forms: plural: parameters

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part
parentheses24.
23.
parentheses part
n. grouping symbols () v. to divide; to separate; to be divided; to allocate
Forms: plural: parenthesis Forms: parted; parted; parting

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part
part26.
25.
part part
adj. somewhat n. section; piece; region; role; function; side in an
agreement
Forms: plural: parts

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participate
part-time28.
27.
part-time participate
n. period; era; hour; rate v. to be involved; to join in
Forms: plural: part-times Forms: participated; participated; participating

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particular
particular30.
29.
particular particular
adj. special; unusual; detailed; precise; pedantic; strict n. detail; individual characteristic; item; article; specific
proposition
Forms: plural: particulars

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party
particularly32.
31.
particularly party
adv. especially; specifically v. to celebrate
Forms: partied; partied; partying

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party
party34.
33.
party party
adj. of a political group; of social gatherings n. political group; social gathering; side of an agreement;
group; gang
Forms: plural: parties

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pass
pass36.
35.
pass pass
n. alleyway; narrow road between mountains; successful v. to cross; to transport; to approve
grade on a test
Forms: plural: passes Forms: passed; passed; passing

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passenger
passage38.
37.
passage passenger
n. way; route; course; section; piece n. traveler; fare; person who rides or travels
Forms: plural: passages Forms: plural: passengers

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patch
passport40.
39.
passport patch
n. a document issued by a country to a citizen allowing n. area of fabric used to repair a hole; stain; bandage; lot
that person to travel abroad and re-enter the home
country
Forms: plural: passports Forms: plural: patches

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path
patch42.
41.
patch path
v. to cover a hole with a piece of material; to use to cover n. track; lane; route; search route
a hole
Forms: patched; patched; patched Forms: plural: paths

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pattern
patience44.
43.
patience pattern
n. tolerance; forbearance n. sample; model; form; mold; decorative design
Forms: no plural Forms: plural: patterns

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pay
pattern46.
45.
pattern pay
v. to decorate; to imitate; to mimic; to copy an example n. salary; wages
Forms: patterned; patterned; patterning Forms: no plural

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payable
pay48.
47.
pay payable
v. to give money for goods or to cancel debts; to settle; to adj. may be settled
be worthwhile; to be profitable
Forms: paid; paid; paying

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payroll
payment50.
49.
payment payroll
n. wage; salary; compensation; bonus; punishment n. financial sheet listing salaries; list of workers who
receive wages and salaries
Forms: plural: payments Forms: plural: payrolls

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peace
pd.52.
51.
pd. peace
abbr. given money that was owed n. state of not being at war; silence; quietness; tranquility
Forms: paid Forms: no plural

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peddle
peculiar54.
53.
peculiar peddle
adj. exceptional; special; strange; odd; curious v. to hawk; to vend; to deal; to distribute; to sell
Forms: peddled; peddled; peddling

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penalize
pedicure56.
55.
pedicure penalize
n. cosmetic foot treatment v. to punish
Forms: plural: pedicures Forms: penalized; penalized; penalizing

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perceive
penalty58.
57.
penalty perceive
n. punishment; fine; punishment in the form of a financial v. to feel; to sense; to distinguish; to discern; to see
payment
Forms: plural: penalties Forms: perceived; perceived; perceiving

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perennial
percent60.
59.
percent perennial
n. one part of a hundred n. something that continues for many years
Forms: plural: percents Forms: plural: perennials

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perfect
perennial62.
61.
perennial perfect
adj. lasting throughout the whole year; continuing for v. to refine; to improve; to complete; to make faultless
many years; perpetual; everlasting
Forms: perfected; perfected; perfecting

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perform
perfect64.
63.
perfect perform
adj. flawless; complete; undamaged v. to do; to carry out; to execute; to present; to arrange; to
manage
Forms: performed; performed; performing

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perhaps
performance66.
65.
performance perhaps
n. show; presentation; execution; act; deed adv. maybe; possibly; could be
Forms: plural: performances

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periodical
period68.
67.
period periodical
n. punctuation mark; end; pause at end of a phrase; full n. magazine; journal
sentence; age; season
Forms: plural: periods Forms: plural: periodicals

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perishable
periodical70.
69.
periodical perishable
adj. occurring at regular intervals; recurrent; cyclic; n. product which can rot or spoil (fruit, food etc.)
seasonal
Forms: plural: perishables

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permanent
perishable72.
71.
perishable permanent
adj. expendable; spoils rapidly; likely to spoil; mortal adj. lasting; enduring; perpetual; regular; fixed; invariable
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
permit
permeate74.
73.
permeate permit
v. to enter; to penetrate; to infiltrate; to suffuse n. license; authorization
Forms: permeated; permeated; permeating Forms: plural: permits

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perpetuate
permit76.
75.
permit perpetuate
v. to let; to enable; to allow; to authorize; to sanction v. to eternalize; to make everlasting; to preserve from
extinction
Forms: permitted; permitted; permitting Forms: perpetuated; perpetuated; perpetuating

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persistent
persistence78.
77.
persistence persistent
n. diligence; tenacity; stubbornness; continuation adj. tenacious; stubborn; constant; continual; diligent
Forms: no plural
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perspective
personnel80.
79.
personnel perspective
n. staff; work force; team; crew n. viewpoint; outlook; vista; view
Forms: no plural Forms: plural: perspectives

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persuasion
persuade82.
81.
persuade persuasion
v. to convince; to induce; to sway n. inducement; act of convincing
Forms: persuade; persuaded; persuading Forms: plural: persuasions

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pertinent
pertain84.
83.
pertain pertinent
v. to belong to; to be connected to; to relate; to refer adj. relevant; related; appropriate; fitting
Forms: pertained; pertained; pertaining

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petrol
pervasive86.
85.
pervasive petrol
adj. penetrating; infiltrating; spreading; extending; n. type of fuel; gasoline
permeating
Forms: no plural
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phone
pharmacist88.
87.
pharmacist phone
n. druggist; apothecary v. to make a call; to ring
Forms: plural: pharmacists Forms: phoned; phoned; phoning

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photo
photo90.
89.
photo photo
pref. of light n. picture; snapshot
Forms: plural: photos

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
photograph
photograph92.
91.
photograph photograph
v. to take a picture n. picture; snapshot; image
Forms: photographed; photographed; photographing Forms: plural: photographs

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up
pick
photographer94.
93.
photographer pick up
n. cameraman; person who takes pictures v. to choose; to select; to pull out; to tear out; to peck
Forms: plural: photographers Forms: picked; picked; picking

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picture
up96.
pick
95.
pick up picture
n. hoe; tool used to spread soil; choice; selection v. to photograph; to paint; to draw; to describe; to depict
Forms: plural: picks Forms: pictured; pictured; picturing

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pie
picture98.
97.
picture pie
n. photograph; drawing; painting; film; embodiment n. type of dessert; cake; baked dish consisting of a crust
and filling
Forms: plural: pictures Forms: plural: pies

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piece
piece100.
99.
piece piece
v. to join parts together; to attach segments n. slice; part; segment; creation; work
Forms: pieced; pieced; piecing Forms: plural: pieces

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pioneer
pile102.
101.
pile pioneer
n. heap; mound; wealth; fortune; group of buildings; dike; n. pathfinder; forerunner; person who paves the way;
levee member of a military engineering corps
Forms: plural: piles Forms: plural: pioneers

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pipe
pioneer104.
103.
pioneer pipe
v. to pave the way; to create a path; to guide; to initiate; n. tube; trachea; flute; toot
to originate
Forms: pioneered; pioneered; pioneering Forms: plural: pipes

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pitch
pipe106.
105.
pipe pitch
v. to convey a fluid; to transport a liquid; to make a high- n. relative highness or lowness of a sound; tar; asphalt;
pitched sound throw
Forms: piped; piped; piping Forms: plural: pitches

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place
pitch108.
107.
pitch place
v. to establish; to erect; to throw; to toss n. location; position; standing; role; function
Forms: pitched; pitched; pitched Forms: plural: places

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placid
place110.
109.
place placid
v. to put; to lay; to lodge; to nominate; to appoint adj. serene; quiet; peaceful; tranquil; relaxed; calm
Forms: laced; placed; placing

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plain
plaid112.
111.
plaid plain
n. colorful fabric with a pattern of square s and crossbars adv. simply; in an unembellished manner; clearly
Forms: plural: plaids

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plain
plain114.
113.
plain plain
n. plateau; area of level ground; prairie; savanna adj. clear; evident; simple; flat; smooth
Forms: plural: plains

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plan
plan116.
115.
plan plan
n. program; scheme; agenda; timetable; schedule v. to make a scheme; to plot; to design; to contrive; to
think up
Forms: plural: plans Forms: planned; planned; planned

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plane
plane118.
117.
plane plane
adj. flat, level; even n. type of aircraft; two-dimensional surface; rank; level
Forms: plural: planes

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plant
plane120.
119.
plane plant
v. to smooth wood; to make smooth; to remove rough n. small vegetable growth; factory; equipment
areas
Forms: planed; planed; planing Forms: plural: plants

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plate
plant122.
121.
plant plate
v. to sow; to place seeds or vegetation into soil; to n. flat dish for serving food; portion; covering, coating;
establish; to set board
Forms: planted; planted; planting Forms: plural: plates

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plc
plate124.
123.
plate plc
v. to cover with a thin layer of metal; to coat with metal abbr. public limited liability company in Britain
Forms: plated; plated; plating Forms: public limited company

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pleasure
pleased126.
125.
pleased pleasure
adj. content; satiated; having one's desires satisfied n. enjoyment; amusement; entertainment; delight; joy
Forms: plural: pleasures

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plug
pleasure128.
127.
pleasure plug
v. to cause someone enjoyment n. cork; stopper; electrical connector; block;
advertisement
Forms: pleasured; pleasured; pleasuring Forms: plural: plugs

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plumber
plug130.
129.
plug plumber
v. to cap; to cork; to stop up; to block; to advertise n. person who works with pipe and water systems
Forms: plugged; plugged; plugging Forms: plural: plumbers

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pocket
pocket132.
131.
pocket pocket
adj. small; of a pouch n. pouch used to carry objects; sac; underground deposit
of oil
Forms: plural: pockets

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point
pocket134.
133.
pocket point
v. to profit; to roll a ball into a hole (Billiards) n. spot; tip; essence; gist; matter
Forms: pocketed; pocketed; pocketing Forms: plural: points

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pointer
point136.
135.
point pointer
v. to indicate; to emphasize; to sharpen; to direct n. indicator; something used to point; hand on a clock;
clue; advice
Forms: pointed; pointed; pointing Forms: plural: pointers

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polite
policy138.
137.
policy polite
n. course or method of action; guidelines; position; adj. courteous; having good manners; gentle; genial; kind
standpoint; insurance contract
Forms: plural: policies

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poll
poll140.
139.
poll poll
n. voting, electing; counting of votes; number of votes; v. to vote; to elect; to count votes; to make a survey
referendum
Forms: plural: polls Forms: polled; polled; polling

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ponder
pollution142.
141.
pollution ponder
n. contamination; dirtying; soiling; spoiling; destruction v. to reflect; to think; to consider; to meditate
Forms: plural: pollutions Forms: pondered; pondered; pondering

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portable
population144.
143.
population portable
n. total number of people living in an area adj. mobile; movable; can be transported from one place
to another
Forms: plural: populations

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pose
portfolio146.
145.
portfolio pose
n. briefcase; attache case; list of securities and stocks n. stance
Forms: plural: portfolios Forms: plural: poses

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
position
pose148.
147.
pose position
v. to stance n. viewpoint, opinion; siting; locus; location; place; job
Forms: posed; posed; posing Forms: plural: positions

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possess
position150.
149.
position possess
v. to erect; to set; to put; to place v. to control; to dominate; to hold; to own; to have as
property
Forms: positioned; positioned; positioned Forms: possessed; possessed; possessing

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possibility
possession152.
151.
possession possibility
n. custody; property; asset; control; ownership n. probability; feasibility; chance; likelihood
Forms: plural: possessions Forms: plural: possibilities

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
post
possible154.
153.
possible post
adj. could be; might be; may be pref. after; later; subsequent to
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
post
post156.
155.
post post
n. mail; column; opinion; role; job placement v. to assign to a duty; to station; to publicize; to advertise
Forms: plural: posts Forms: posted; posted; posting

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posting
postage158.
157.
postage posting
n. fee for sending letters or packages by mail n. message sent to a newsgroup or mailing list (Internet)
Forms: no plural Forms: plural: postings

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
postpone
postmaster160.
159.
postmaster postpone
n. mail manager, person responsible for managing v. to put off to a later time; to delay; to defer; to put off
electronic mail on a network (Computers) until later; to stay
Forms: plural: postmasters Forms: postponed; postponed; postponing

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posture
posture162.
161.
posture posture
n. viewpoint; stance; condition; state; mood; attitude v. to pretend; to feign
Forms: plural: postures Forms: postured; postured; posturing

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potential
potency164.
163.
potency potential
n. power; strength; force; capacity to be n. possibility; ability; capability of being
Forms: plural: potencies Forms: plural: potentials

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pounce
potential166.
165.
potential pounce
adj. possible; capable of becoming; able to be n. act of suddenly swooping down and grabbing; sudden
assault or attack
Forms: plural: pounces

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powerful
pounce168.
167.
pounce powerful
v. to fall on; to storm; to invade; to attack; to seize; to adj. exerting great force; effective; potent; producing the
assault desired effect; influential
Forms: pounced; pounced; pouncing

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practice
practical170.
169.
practical practice
adj. feasible; workable; applicable; useful; efficacious v. to exercise; to train; to drill
Forms: practiced; practiced; practicing

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precede
practice172.
171.
practice precede
n. customary action; habit; drill; training exercise v. to go before; to be in front; to be ahead of; to predate
Forms: plural: practices Forms: preceded; preceded; preceding

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precisely
precise174.
173.
precise precisely
adj. exact; not more and not less; meticulous; strict adv. exactly; accurately; definitely; certainly; surely
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
precondition
precondition176.
175.
precondition precondition
v. to train in advance n. advance stipulation; preliminary terms
Forms: preconditioned; preconditioned; preconditioning Forms: plural: preconditions

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predictable
predict178.
177.
predict predictable
v. to prophesy; to foretell; to announce in advance adj. can be prophesied; can be foretold
Forms: predict; predict; predicting

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predominate
predisposition180.
179.
predisposition predominate
n. sensitivity; susceptibility (to disease, etc.) v. to control to rule over; to be superior
Forms: plural: predispositions Forms: predominated; predominated; predominating

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preface
preempt182.
181.
preempt preface
v. to occupy a place; to take a place; to obtain at an v. to use as an introduction; to use as a foreword
advance opportunity
Forms: preempted; preempted; preempting Forms: prefaced; prefaced; prefacing

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prefer
preface184.
183.
preface prefer
n. introduction; foreword; opening statement v. to hold superior; to appoint; to nominate; to like better
Forms: plural: prefaces Forms: preferred; preferred; preferring

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prejudice
preference186.
185.
preference prejudice
n. favor; liking; fondness; priority; superior status v. to express a preconceived opinion; to express one's
biases
Forms: plural: preferences Forms: prejudiced; prejudiced; prejudicing

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premises
prejudice188.
187.
prejudice premises
n. bias; sentence passed before proper examination of n. property; site; area; grounds; building with the grounds
the circumstances belonging to it
Forms: plural: prejudices Forms: no plural

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prepaid
premium190.
189.
premium prepaid
n. supplementary charge; additional charge; amount paid adj. remunerated ahead of time; settled beforehand via
for insurance; reward payment
Forms: plural: premia or premiums

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
prerogative
prepare192.
191.
prepare prerogative
v. to make ready; to get oneself ready; to put into the n. right; special privilege
proper condition
Forms: prepared; prepared; preparing Forms: plural: prerogatives

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present
prescription194.
193.
prescription present
n. written order for a medication; instruction; directive; v. to display; to demonstrate; to bestow; to grant
order; command
Forms: plural: prescriptions Forms: presented; presented; presenting

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present
present196.
195.
present present
adj. existent; in attendance; on hand; of the current times; n. gift; offering; something that is given to another person
pertaining to the current times without compensation
Forms: plural: presents

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preserve
preserve198.
197.
preserve preserve
n. area of land set aside to protect natural resources and v. to guard; to keep safe; to keep; to defend; to protect
wildlife
Forms: plural: preserves Forms: preserved; preserved; preserving

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press
president200.
199.
president press
n. head; leader; chairman; chief v. to push; to iron; to remove creases or wrinkles; to
confiscate for public or government use
Forms: plural: presidents Forms: pressed; pressed; pressing

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pressure
press202.
201.
press pressure
n. journals and newspapers collectively; act or process of v. to apply force or weight; to push; to stress
printing
Forms: plural: presses Forms: pressured; pressured; pressuring

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presume
pressure204.
203.
pressure presume
n. exertion of force; application of weight; weight; burden; v. to take for granted; to dare; to venture; to take liberties;
encumbrance to permit oneself
Forms: plural: pressures Forms: presumed; presumed; presuming

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pretend
pretend206.
205.
pretend pretend
v. to impersonate; to act in a role; to claim; to assert adj. simulated; feigned; make-believe
Forms: pretended; pretended; pretending

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pretense
pretense208.
207.
pretense pretense
v. to feign; to impersonate; to put on a false show n. feigning; impersonation; false show; claim; assertion
Forms: pretensed; pretensed; pretensing Forms: plural: pretenses

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pretty
pretentious210.
209.
pretentious pretty
adj. impersonating; putting on a false appearance; adv. moderately; quite; rather; to some extent
feigning; arrogant; haughty
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
prevalent
prevail212.
211.
prevail prevalent
v. to win; to succeed; to overcome; to surpass; to prove adj. common; widespread; current
superior
Forms: prevailed; prevailed; prevailing

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preventive
prevent214.
213.
prevent preventive
v. to cause not to happen; to avert; to delay; to impede; to n. safeguard; something used to avert an unwanted
hinder situation
Forms: prevented; prevented; preventing Forms: plural: preventives

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previous
preventive216.
215.
preventive previous
adj. averting; avoiding; delaying; inhibiting adj. earlier; antecedent; hasty; premature
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
price
previously218.
217.
previously price
adv. before; at an earlier time; in the past; antecedently n. cost; value; worth; rate; measure
Forms: plural: prices

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
priceless
price220.
219.
price priceless
v. to give a cost to something adj. invaluable; beyond any expressible value; very
expensive
Forms: priced; priced; pricing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
prime
primarily222.
221.
primarily prime
adv. chiefly; principally; mainly; initially adj. major; chief; select; of the highest quality; excellent
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
principal
prime224.
223.
prime principal
n. state of perfection; state of highest quality adj. chief; head; leading; primary; main
Forms: plural: primes

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
principle
principal226.
225.
principal principle
n. school director; school master; capital sum (Finance) n. doctrine; tenet; precept; fundamental law; primary law
on which other laws are based
Forms: plural: principals Forms: plural: principles

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prior
printer228.
227.
printer prior
n. computer peripheral used for exporting documents to adj. earlier; antecedent; former
paper
Forms: plural: printers

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
prioritize
prior230.
229.
prior prioritize
n. officer of a monastery; high-ranking member of a v. to organize according to importance
religious order
Forms: plural: priors Forms: prioritized; prioritized; prioritizing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
privacy
priority232.
231.
priority privacy
n. preference; precedence; higher rank; privileged n. seclusion; solitude; reclusion; secrecy; confidentiality
position; seniority
Forms: plural: priorities Forms: plural: privacies

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
private
private234.
233.
private private
adj. intimate; for or pertaining to a small group of people; n. soldier of the three lowest military ranks
personal; of an individual
Forms: plural: privates

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
privilege
privatize236.
235.
privatize privilege
v. to transfer control from governmental to individual v. to grant special rights; to give special advantages or
powers benefits
Forms: privatized; privatized; privatizing Forms: privileged; privileged; privileging

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
prize
privilege238.
237.
privilege prize
n. special individual right not enjoyed by others; benefit; v. to appreciate; to esteem; to respect; to appraise; to
advantage assess worth
Forms: plural: privileges Forms: prized; prized; prizing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
probably
prize240.
239.
prize probably
adj. valuable; unique; outstanding; award-winning adv. almost certainly; very likely; apparently; in all
likelihood
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
proceed
procedure242.
241.
procedure proceed
n. routine; protocol; course of action; subroutine; v. to continue; to carry on; to advance; to progress; to
sequence of instructions (Computers) move forward
Forms: plural: procedures Forms: proceeded; proceeded; proceeding

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
process
process244.
243.
process process
v. to treat; to adapt; to prepare; to make ready n. routine; course of action; advance; summons to court
Forms: processed; processed; processing Forms: plural: processes

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
procurement
procure246.
245.
procure procurement
v. to obtain; to acquire; to get; to buy; to purchase n. purchase; sale; acquisition
Forms: procured; procured; procuring Forms: plural: procurements

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
production
product248.
247.
product production
n. result of manufacturing; goods; merchandise n. manufacture; assembly; output; yield
Forms: plural: products Forms: plural: productions

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
profession
productivity250.
249.
productivity profession
n. a measurement of output per hours worked; n. vocation; skilled occupation; declaration; proclamation
creativeness; fruitfulness; prolificness
Forms: no plural Forms: plural: professions

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
professional
professional252.
251.
professional professional
adj. of a skilled occupation; working in one of the skilled n. person who works in a skilled occupation; specialist
occupations
Forms: plural: professionals

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
profit
proficiency254.
253.
proficiency profit
n. expertise; state of having expert skills; skillfulness; v. to earn income; to make financial gains; to be of
adeptness; masterfulness service; to be beneficial
Forms: no plural Forms: profited; profited; profiting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
profitable
profit256.
255.
profit profitable
n. earnings; financial gain; benefit; advantage; privilege adj. lucrative; paying; rewarding; beneficial; producing
income
Forms: plural: profits

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
profusion
profuse258.
257.
profuse profusion
adj. plentiful; abundant; generous; extravagant; wasteful n. plentifulness; abundance; numerousness; plurality
Forms: no plural
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
program
program260.
259.
program program
v. to schedule; to plan; to write a system of operating n. schedule; agenda; written order of events
instructions for a computer
Forms: programmed; programmed; programming Forms: plural: programs

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
progress
programmer262.
261.
programmer progress
n. person who creates sets of instructions for a computer v. to advance; to move forward; to gain
or other device
Forms: plural: programmers Forms: progressed; progressed; progressing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
prohibit
progress264.
263.
progress prohibit
n. headway; forward movement; development; v. to outlaw; to forbid by law; to interdict; to ban; to
advancement prevent
Forms: no plural Forms: prohibited; prohibited; prohibiting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
project
project266.
265.
project project
v. to plan; to scheme; to send; to dispatch; to throw n. plan; scheme; program; task; assignment; activity
Forms: projected; projected; projecting Forms: plural: projects

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
proliferation
proliferate268.
267.
proliferate proliferation
v. to reproduce quickly; to multiply rapidly; to thrive; to n. rapid multiplication; rapid reproduction; prosperity
grow quickly
Forms: proliferated; proliferated; proliferating Forms: plural: proliferations

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
prolong
prolific270.
269.
prolific prolong
adj. fruitful; productive; abundant; plentiful; multiplying; v. to extend; to lengthen
producing fruit
Forms: prolonged; prolonged; prolonging

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
promise
promise272.
271.
promise promise
v. to pledge; to give one's word; to vow; to commit n. pledge; vow; declaration of intention; source of hope;
oneself to a certain course of action basis for expectations
Forms: promised; promised; promising Forms: plural: promises

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
promotional
promote274.
273.
promote promotional
v. to further; to encourage sales; to aid; to help; to assist adj. of publicizing; of advancement; of encouragement; of
fostering; of an enterprise
Forms: promoted; promoted; promoting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
proof
proof276.
275.
proof proof
adj. resistant; invulnerable; impervious; sealed; durable v. to make resistant; to make impervious; to edit
Forms: proofed; proofed; proofing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
proper
propensity278.
277.
propensity proper
n. inclination; tendency; disposition; aptitude adj. correct; suitable; just; complete
Forms: plural: propensities

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
proposal
property280.
279.
property proposal
n. possessions; belongings; estate; assets; ownership n. suggestion; tender; plan; offer of marriage
Forms: plural: properties Forms: plural: proposals

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
proposition
propose282.
281.
propose proposition
v. to suggest; to recommend; to tender; to make an offer n. offer; plan; theory; problem
of marriage
Forms: proposed; proposed; proposing Forms: plural: propositions

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
prospect
prosaic284.
283.
prosaic prospect
adj. common; regular; boring; tedious; dull v. to search for valuable materials (such as gold, oil, etc.)
Forms: prospected; prospected; prospecting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
prospectus
prospect286.
285.
prospect prospectus
n. chance; probability of advancement or success; hope; n. a document giving details about an offering of
promise securities investment for sale to the public
Forms: plural: prospects Forms: plural: prospectuses

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
protection
protect288.
287.
protect protection
v. to defend; to save from harm; to watch over; to guard n. defense; shelter; safety
Forms: protected; protected; protecting Forms: plural: protections

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
proud
protocol290.
289.
protocol proud
n. method of dealing with a certain subject; draft of a adj. arrogant; haughty; magnificent; impressive
treaty
Forms: plural: protocols

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
provide
prove292.
291.
prove provide
v. to substantiate with evidence; to demonstrate; to show v. to supply; to grant; to set; to offer
clearly
Forms: proved; proved; proving Forms: provided; provided; providing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
provision
provision294.
293.
provision provision
v. to supply with stock; to equip with supplies (esp. food) n. supply; stock; measure; means; condition; stipulation
Forms: provisioned; provisioned; provisioning Forms: plural: provisions

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
publication
proximity296.
295.
proximity publication
n. adjacency; nearness; closeness; vicinity n. process of producing and distributing printed material;
act of advertising
Forms: no plural Forms: plural: publications

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
publish
publicize298.
297.
publicize publish
v. to advertise; to bring to the attention of a large v. to produce and distribute printed material; to advertise
audience
Forms: publicized; publicized; publicizing Forms: published; published; publishing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
out
pull
publisher300.
299.
publisher pull out
n. person or company that produces and distributes v. to remove; to withdraw; to abandon; to exit; to depart
printed material
Forms: plural: publishers Forms: pulled out; pulled out; pulling out
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
purchase
purchase302.
301.
purchase purchase
n. something which has been bought; act of buying v. to buy; to acquire in exchange for money; to procure;
to obtain
Forms: plural: purchases Forms: purchased; purchased; purchasing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
purpose
purpose304.
303.
purpose purpose
n. goal; aim; intention; objective v. to intend; to plan; to design; to aim
Forms: plural: purposes Forms: purposed; purposed; purposing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
pursuit
pursue306.
305.
pursue pursuit
v. to chase after; to follow; to aspire to; to strive for n. chase; quest; search; occupation; pastime
Forms: pursued; pursued; pursuing Forms: plural: pursuits

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
pushy
pushy308.
307.
pushy pushy
adj. controlling; aggressive; extremely self-assertive; n. cat (Slang); feline
bossy
Forms: plural: pushies

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
off
put
in310.
put
309.
put in put off

v. to make an application; to enter; to let something or v. to postpone; to disgust; to repulse; to deter
someone enter
Forms: put in; put in; putting in Forms: put off; put off; putting off
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
puzzle
with312.
up
put
311.
put up with puzzle
v. to tolerate; to be patient n. enigma; riddle; game; jigsaw
Forms: put up with; put up with; putting up with Forms: plural: puzzles
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
puzzle
313.
puzzle
v. to mystify; to baffle; to confound; to confuse; to perplex
Forms: puzzled; puzzled; puzzling

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Q 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words
qualify
qualification2.
Q1.
qualification qualify
n. fitness; suitability; limitation; diploma or certificate v. to train; to certify; to meet the minimum standards; to
stating one's abilities moderate; to modify
Forms: plural: qualifications Forms: qualified; qualified; qualifying

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
quality
quality4.
3.
quality quality
n. degree of excellence; characteristic; attribute; adj. excellent; having superior characteristics; fine
character; excellence
Forms: plural: qualities

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
quarter
quantity6.
5.
quantity quarter
n. amount; extent; measure; degree; size; magnitude n. one fourth; neighborhood; coin worth 25 cents; period
of three months; district
Forms: plural: quantities Forms: plural: quarters

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
quarterly
quarter8.
7.
quarter quarterly
adj. being one fourth; having four equal parts adj. occurring every three months; taking place four times
a year
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
queues
quarterly10.
9.
quarterly queues
adv. four times a year; once every three months v. to stand in line; to make a row
Forms: queued; queued; queuing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
quiet
queues12.
11.
queues quiet
n. line; file (British); row; braid; plait adj. silent; noiseless; peaceful; tranquil; still; lacking
activity
Forms: plural: queues

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
quotation
quiet14.
13.
quiet quotation
n. silence; noiselessness; stillness; tranquility; muteness; n. citation; passage taken from another source;
speechlessness reference; commercial offer; statement of price
Forms: no plural Forms: plural: quotations

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
quote
quote16.
15.
quote quote
v. to cite; to state a price; to offer a price n. citation; commercial offer
Forms: quoted; quoted; quoting Forms: plural: quotes

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

R 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words
ROI
R&D2.
R1.
R&D ROI
abbr. department in a company that develops new abbr. method of measuring the profitability of a company
products (derived by dividing the net income by total assets)
Forms: research and development Forms: return on investment

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
railroad
railroad4.
3.
railroad railroad
v. to transport via locomotive; to convey by train n. path for a train made of parallel metal tracks
Forms: railroaded; railroaded; railroading Forms: plural: railroads

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
raise
raise6.
5.
raise raise
v. to elevate; to lift; to excite; to arouse; to cause n. increase in salary; wage increase
Forms: raised; raised; raising Forms: plural: raises

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
randomly
ranches8.
7.
ranches randomly
n. farm with large pasture land for raising livestock adv. accidentally; by chance
Forms: plural: ranches

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
range
range10.
9.
range range
v. to determine the scope of a target; to extend; to n. pasture; scope; extent; field; domain; assortment
stretch; to vary
Forms: ranged; ranged; ranging Forms: plural: ranges

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
rank
rank12.
11.
rank rank
adj. giving off a foul odor; fertile; productive; fruitful; v. to arrange in a line; to grade; to classify
growing vigorously
Forms: ranked; ranked; ranking

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
rarely
rapidly14.
13.
rapidly rarely
adv. quickly; fast; swiftly adv. infrequently; not often; seldom
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
rate
rate16.
15.
rate rate
v. to assess; to appraise; to determine value; to grade; to n. price; cost; speed; pace; tax
classify; to sort
Forms: rated; rated; rating Forms: plural: rates

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
rational
rather18.
17.
rather rational
adv. very quite; to a degree; somewhat; slightly; a bit; adj. logical; reasonable; intelligent; prudent; expressible
might as well as a whole number (Mathematics)
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
reach
reach20.
19.
reach reach
v. to arrive; to obtain; to procure; to extend the arm n. distance that an arm can extend
outward
Forms: reached; reached; reaching Forms: plural: reaches

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
readiness
readership22.
21.
readership readiness
n. total number of people who subscribe to a particular n. preparedness; willingness; promptness; quickness
publication
Forms: plural: readerships Forms: no plural

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
realization
ready24.
23.
ready realization
adj. prepared; set; eager; willing; quick; fast n. accomplishment; fulfillment
Forms: plural: realizations

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
rear
realize26.
25.
realize rear
v. to understand; to comprehend; to accomplish; to adj. back; hind
convert into cash; to liquidate
Forms: realized; realized; realizing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
reason
rear28.
27.
rear reason
n. back end; hindmost unit of an army (or fleet, etc.) v. to think; to consider logically; to argue; to claim
Forms: plural: rears Forms: reasoned; reasoned; reasoning

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
reasonable
reason30.
29.
reason reasonable
n. cause; basis for action; intelligence; sense adj. rational; logical; intelligent; wise; plausible; likely;
credible
Forms: plural: reasons

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
rebound
rebound32.
31.
rebound rebound
v. to spring back n. backlash
Forms: rebounded; rebounded; rebounding Forms: plural: rebounds

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
recant
rebuild34.
33.
rebuild recant
v. to reconstruct; to erect again v. to give up; to renounce; to deny; to disavow; to retract
Forms: rebuilt; rebuilt; rebuilding Forms: recanted; recanted; recanting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
receipt
recap36.
35.
recap receipt
v. to summarize; to review with a short summary v. to write a statement of purchases; to make a bill of sale
Forms: recapped; recapped; recapping Forms: receipted; receipted; receipting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
receive
receipt38.
37.
receipt receive
n. bill of sale; written statement of purchases v. to get; to accept; to absorb; to take in; to host; to
accommodate
Forms: plural: receipts Forms: received; received; receiving

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
reception
recent40.
39.
recent reception
adj. new; fresh; late; of late times n. acceptance; event in which guests are formally
welcomed by their host; check-in
Forms: plural: receptions

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
recession
receptionist42.
41.
receptionist recession
n. person who greets visitors or clients on the telephone n. a significant decline in general economic activity
and upon their arrival extending over a period of time
Forms: plural: receptionists Forms: plural: recessions

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
reclaim
recipient44.
43.
recipient reclaim
n. person who accepts; person who takes or gets v. to demand the return of property; to repossess
Forms: plural: recipients Forms: reclaimed; reclaimed; reclaiming

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
recognizable
recognition46.
45.
recognition recognizable
n. acknowledgment; identification adj. identifiable; determinable; able to be distinguished
Forms: plural: recognitions

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
recommend
recognize48.
47.
recognize recommend
v. to identify; to acknowledge; to know; to admit v. to advocate; to endorse; to speak well of; to advise; to
suggest
Forms: recognized; recognized; recognizing Forms: recommended; recommended; recommending

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
reconsider
recommendation50.
49.
recommendation reconsider
n. endorsement; approval; letter of reference; suggestion; v. to contemplate again
advice
Forms: plural: recommendations Forms: reconsidered; reconsidered; reconsidering

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
record
record52.
51.
record record
adj. comprising the best result ever attained n. list; evidence; best result ever attained; list of events or
actions
Forms: plural: records

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
recovery
recover54.
53.
recover recovery
v. to get well; to get back; to regain; to obtain again n. recuperation; getting well; return
Forms: recovered; recovered; recovering Forms: plural: recoveries

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
recruit
recruit56.
55.
recruit recruit
v. to enlist or draft new members; to gain; to obtain; to n. new member of a group; new employee
procure
Forms: recruited; recruited; recruiting Forms: plural: recruits

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
rectangle
recruitment58.
57.
recruitment rectangle
n. act of enlisting or drafting new members n. parallelogram
Forms: plural: recruitments Forms: plural: rectangles

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
reduce
rectify60.
59.
rectify reduce
v. to fix; to repair; to correct; to calibrate; to adjust v. to lessen; to diminish; to decrease
Forms: rectified; rectified; rectifying Forms: reduced; reduced; reducing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
reference
refer62.
61.
refer reference
v. to send; to direct; to ascribe to; to relate to; to apply to; v. to add a footnote; to place a note that directs readers
to call attention to to another source of information (in a book, journal, etc.)
Forms: referred; referred; referring Forms: referenced; referenced; referencing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
reflect
reference64.
63.
reference reflect
n. comment; remark; ascription; mention; regard v. to mirror; to send back energy from a surface; to cause
to return; to express
Forms: plural: references Forms: reflected; reflected; reflecting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
refund
reflection66.
65.
reflection refund
n. act of casting back a mirror image; act of sending back v. to return money; to reimburse; to repay; to finance
energy from a surface; idea; concept again
Forms: plural: reflections Forms: refunded; refunded; refunding

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
refurbish
refund68.
67.
refund refurbish
n. return of money; repayment; reimbursement v. to make new again; to renovate; to restore to good
condition
Forms: plural: refunds Forms: refurbished; refurbished; refurbishing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
refuse
refusal70.
69.
refusal refuse
n. denial; rejection v. to decline; to deny; to reject
Forms: plural: refusals Forms: refused; refused; refusing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
regard
refuse72.
71.
refuse regard
n. garbage; trash; waste v. to look at; to concern; to relate to; to esteem; to
appreciate; to consider
Forms: plural: refuses Forms: regarded; regarded; regarding

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
regarding
regard74.
73.
regard regarding
n. esteem; respect; thought; consideration; look; glance prep. with relation to
Forms: plural: regards

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
regardless
regardless76.
75.
regardless regardless
adj. inattentive; unmindful adv. without consideration for possible problems;
anyway; in any case
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
registering
region78.
77.
region registering
n. area; territory; domain; field; area of activity or interest; v. to record; to enroll; to have an effect; to have influence
sphere
Forms: plural: regions Forms: registered; registered; registering

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
regress
registering80.
79.
registering regress
n. list; record; regulator; gauge v. to move backward; to go back; to return to a previous
condition
Forms: plural: registers Forms: regressed; regressed; regressing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
regular
regular82.
81.
regular regular
adj. occurring at fixed intervals; normal; usual; ordinary; n. frequent customer; repeat customer
common
Forms: plural: regulars

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
regulate
regularly84.
83.
regularly regulate
adv. at fixed intervals; at evenly-spaced intervals; usually; v. to control; to govern; to manage; to adjust to a specific
customarily level or condition
Forms: regulated; regulated; regulating

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
rehearsal
regulations86.
85.
regulations rehearsal
n. statute; law; act of controlling; management; direction n. practice session for a performance
Forms: plural: regulations Forms: plural: rehearsals

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
reimburse
rehearse88.
87.
rehearse reimburse
v. to drill; to practice an action repeatedly in order to v. to repay; to refund; to compensate for a loss; to repay
perfect it for an expense
Forms: rehearsed; rehearsed; rehearsing Forms: reimbursed; reimbursed; reimbursing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
reinforce
reimbursement90.
89.
reimbursement reinforce
n. act of paying back; repayment; compensation for a v. to strengthen; to fortify; to support; to increase
loss; repayment for an expense
Forms: plural: reimbursements Forms: reinforced; reinforced; reinforcing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
reiterate
reinforcement92.
91.
reinforcement reiterate
n. act of strengthening; reward or punishment designed v. to repeat; to say again; to restate
to encourage or discourage a particular response
Forms: plural: reinforcements Forms: reiterated; reiterated; reiterating

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
reject
reject94.
93.
reject reject
v. to decline; to deny; to turn down n. something or someone that does not match up to
standards; object of lower quality; outcast
Forms: rejected; rejected; rejecting Forms: plural: rejects

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
relation
relate96.
95.
relate relation
v. to narrate; to tell; to make a connection between; to n. narration; act of telling; family member; connection;
have a good relationship with association
Forms: related; related; relating Forms: plural: relations

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
release
relationship98.
97.
relationship release
n. connection; association; closeness v. to set free; to emancipate; to make available to the
general public; to surrender
Forms: plural: relationships Forms: released; released; releasing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
relevant
release100.
99.
release relevant
n. freedom; liberation; newly distributed film (or record, adj. pertinent; related; connected to the current subject
book, etc.); statement provided to the media
Forms: plural: releases

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
relief
reliable102.
101.
reliable relief
adj. credible; trustworthy; dependable n. easement; alleviation; liberation; aid; assistance
Forms: plural: reliefs

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
relocate
relinquish104.
103.
relinquish relocate
v. to cede; to surrender; to give up; to forsake; to v. to move to a different apartment; to move to a different
abandon place
Forms: relinquished; relinquished; relinquishing Forms: relocated; relocated; relocating

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
remain
rely106.
105.
rely remain
v. to depend on; to trust in v. to stay; to abide; to continue; to go on
Forms: relied; relied; relying Forms: remained; remained; remaining

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
remark
remark108.
107.
remark remark
v. to notice; to observe; to comment; to state; to say n. comment; observation; notice
Forms: remarked; remarked; remarking Forms: plural: remarks

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
remember
remarkable110.
109.
remarkable remember
adj. striking; noteworthy; extraordinary; exceptional v. to recall to the mind; to retain in one's mind; to have a
recollection
Forms: remembered; remembered; remembering

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
remit
remind112.
111.
remind remit
v. to cause to remember v. to forgive; to absolve; to release; to discharge
Forms: reminded; reminded; reminding Forms: remitted; remitted; remitting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
remote
remit114.
113.
remit remote
n. act of forgiving; discharging; dispatching adj. distant; located far away; secluded; isolated; aloof
Forms: plural: remits

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remove
removal116.
115.
removal remove
n. act of shedding; act of taking away; elimination; v. to take off; to shed; to take away; to eliminate; to get
ejection; dismissal rid of
Forms: plural: removals Forms: removed; removed; removing

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render
remove118.
117.
remove render
n. degree of difference; promotion of a student to a higher v. to give; to submit; to transform; to represent; to depict
grade
Forms: plural: removes Forms: rendered; rendered; rendering

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renovation
renew120.
119.
renew renovation
v. to restore to good condition; to restart; to resume; to n. act of repairing; renewal; act of restoring to good
refresh condition
Forms: renewed; renewed; renewing Forms: plural: renovations

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rent
renowned122.
121.
renowned rent
adj. famous; prominent v. to let; to allow someone to use property in return for
regular payments; to hire
Forms: rented; rented; renting

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rental
rent124.
123.
rent rental
n. money paid for the use of property; rip; tear; laceration adj. available to lease or rent
Forms: plural: rents

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repair
rental126.
125.
rental repair
n. money paid for the use of property; property that is v. to fix; to mend; to correct a problem or malfunction
leased; act of leasing
Forms: plural: rentals Forms: repaired; repaired; repairing

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repeat
repair128.
127.
repair repeat
n. act of fixing; correction; act of mending adj. done over again
Forms: plural: repairs

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repetition
repeat130.
129.
repeat repetition
n. act of redoing something n. reiteration; act of redoing something
Forms: plural: repeats Forms: plural: repetitions

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replacement
replace132.
131.
replace replacement
v. to substitute for; to return something to a particular n. substitution; substitute
position or location
Forms: replaced; replaced; replacing Forms: plural: replacements

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replay
replay134.
133.
replay replay
v. to rebroadcast n. rematch; repetition
Forms: replayed; replayed; replaying Forms: plural: replays

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reply
reply136.
135.
reply reply
v. to answer; to respond n. answer; response
Forms: replied; replied; replying Forms: plural: replies

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report
repo138.
137.
repo report
n. agreement in which the seller of securities agrees to n. detailed account of an occurrence or situation
buy them back at a specified time and price
Forms: plural: repos Forms: plural: reports

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represent
report140.
139.
report represent
v. to provide a detailed statement about an occurrence or v. to act as an agent on behalf of a person or
situation; inform organization; to symbolize
Forms: reported; reported; reporting Forms: represented; represented; representing

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representative
representative142.
141.
representative representative
n. delegate; agent; person who acts on behalf of another adj. typical; characteristic; acting on behalf of another
person or organization person or organization
Forms: plural: representatives

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reputation
reprove144.
143.
reprove reputation
v. to accuse; to admonish n. regard; esteem; renown
Forms: reproved; reproved; reproving Forms: plural: reputations

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request
request146.
145.
request request
n. petition; instance of asking for something; something v. to ask for; to petition for
that is asked for; object of a petition
Forms: plural: requests Forms: requested; requested; requesting

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requirement
require148.
147.
require requirement
v. to demand; to claim; to need; to call for; to order; to n. something that is demanded; necessity; something that
command is needed
Forms: required; required; requiring Forms: plural: requirements

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rescue
reschedule150.
149.
reschedule rescue
v. to set a new time and date n. deliverance; act of saving from danger or injury; act of
freeing from risk
Forms: rescheduled; rescheduled; rescheduling Forms: plural: rescues

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research
rescue152.
151.
rescue research
v. to save from harm; to deliver from danger; to free from n. comprehensive inquiry; extensive investigation of a
risk subject
Forms: rescued; rescued; rescuing Forms: plural: researches

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resemble
research154.
153.
research resemble
v. to perform a thorough investigation; to study a subject v. to be similar to; to be akin to; to look like; to have a
closely similar appearance to
Forms: researched; researched; researching Forms: resembled; resembled; resembling

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requirement
reserve
reservation156.
155.
reservation reserve requirement
n. act of ordering in advance (hotel room, airline ticket, n. minimum amount of money and liquid assets set by the
etc.) central banking system of the U.S.
Forms: plural: reservations Forms: plural: reserve requirements

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resident
residence158.
157.
residence resident
n. headquarters of a business; dwelling place; abode; adj. staying in a particular place; not migratory; intrinsic;
home; domicile existing
Forms: plural: residences

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residential
resident160.
159.
resident residential
n. inhabitant; one who lives in a particular location adj. intended for inhabitation; occupied with homes
Forms: plural: residents

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resign
residual162.
161.
residual resign
adj. enduring; lasting; continuing; leftover; remaining v. to quit an office or position; to relinquish; to give up; to
abdicate
Forms: resigned; resigned; resigning

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resilience
resignation164.
163.
resignation resilience
n. act of quitting a position; letter stating that one quits a n. elasticity; cheerfulness; quality of quickly recovering
position; relinquishment from sadness or failure; buoyancy
Forms: plural: resignations Forms: no plural

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resist
resist166.
165.
resist resist
v. to oppose; to fight against; to challenge; to withstand n. protective coating
Forms: resisted; resisted; resisting Forms: plural: resists

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resolute
resistance168.
167.
resistance resolute
n. opposition; act of fighting against; act of withstanding adj. determined; firm; steadfast
the effects of
Forms: plural: resistances

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resolve
resolve170.
169.
resolve resolve
v. to determine; to decide; to separate into constituent n. firm decision; ruling; decisiveness; determination
parts
Forms: resolved; resolved; resolving Forms: plural: resolves

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resource
resonate172.
171.
resonate resource
v. to echo n. supply; stock; means of accomplishing a goal;
expedient
Forms: resonated; resonated; resonating Forms: plural: resources

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respect
respect174.
173.
respect respect
v. to honor; to admire; to esteem; to hold in high regard n. honor; esteem; high regard; consideration; attention
Forms: respected; respected; respecting Forms: no plural

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response
respond176.
175.
respond response
v. to answer; to reply; to react n. reply; answer; reaction
Forms: responded; responded; responding Forms: plural: responses

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responsive
responsible178.
177.
responsible responsive
adj. dependable; reliable; accountable; liable adj. answering; reacting (esp. positively or
sympathetically)
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resume
restriction180.
179.
restriction resume
n. limitation; limit v. to recommence; to begin again; to retake; to take back;
to continue
Forms: plural: restrictions Forms: resumed; resumed; resuming

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retail
resume182.
181.
resume retail
n. summary; synopsis; abstract; CV; curriculum vitae adj. pertaining to the sale of goods to final consumers; of
the sale of merchandise to end users
Forms: plural: resumes

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retailer
retail184.
183.
retail retailer
n. sale of products to final consumers; sale of goods to n. person or business that sells goods to final consumers
end users
Forms: plural: retails Forms: plural: retailers

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retire
reticent186.
185.
reticent retire
adj. keeping quiet; reserved; showing self-restraint v. to withdraw from a position (usually due to old age); go
into seclusion; to withdraw
Forms: retired; retired; retiring

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retrieval
retirement188.
187.
retirement retrieval
n. withdrawal from one's job or occupation n. act of bringing back; restoration; act of finding
information and sending it to the user as output
Forms: plural: retirements Forms: plural: retrievals

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return
retrieve190.
189.
retrieve return
v. to recover; to regain; to bring back; to fetch; to rescue adj. reciprocal; done in response to a previous action;
repeated; recurring
Forms: retrieved; retrieved; retrieving

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reveal
return192.
191.
return reveal
n. act of giving back; reply; answer; profit; yield; v. to show; to exhibit; to display; to expose; to disclose
repayment
Forms: plural: returns Forms: revealed; revealed; revealing

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revere
revenue194.
193.
revenue revere
n. income; return; gains; government income earned v. to respect deeply; to honor greatly
through taxation
Forms: plural: revenues Forms: revered; revered; revering

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reverse
reverse196.
195.
reverse reverse
adj. having the back side exposed to view; opposite; n. opposite; contrary; back side; rear; setback; defeat
contrary
Forms: plural: reverses

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review
review198.
197.
review review
n. survey; general study; examination; inspection v. to survey; to conduct a general study; to inspect; to
examine; to reconsider
Forms: plural: reviews Forms: reviewed; reviewed; reviewing

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revise
revise200.
199.
revise revise
v. to make changes in order to improve something; to n. act of making changes; alteration; proof sheet made to
edit; to correct verify changes made and check for additional errors
Forms: revised; revised; revising Forms: plural: revises

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revolve
revive202.
201.
revive revolve
v. to resuscitate; to bring back to life; to put into action v. to rotate; to turn; to spin; to encircle; to think about; to
again contemplate
Forms: revived; revived; reviving Forms: revolved; revolved; revolving

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reward
reward204.
203.
reward reward
v. to recompense someone for a service n. prize; recompense; benefit received as payment for a
service
Forms: rewarded; rewarded; rewarding Forms: plural: rewards

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rise
rigorous206.
205.
rigorous rise
adj. harsh; strict; severe; exact; precise v. to stand up; to get into an upright position; to climb; to
ascend
Forms: rose; risen; rising

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rival
rise208.
207.
rise rival
n. slope; incline; increase; ascent; raise in position or adj. being in competition; contending
status; promotion; angry response
Forms: plural: rises

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rivalry
rival210.
209.
rival rivalry
n. competitor; opponent; contender n. competition; contention; act of competing
Forms: plural: rivals Forms: plural: rivalries

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rotten
robust212.
211.
robust rotten
adj. strong; healthy adj. decayed; decomposed; putrid; spoiled; despicable
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route
route214.
213.
route route
n. track; path; customary series of stops during a trip v. to direct along a particular path; to chart a course
Forms: plural: routes Forms: routed; routed; routing

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routine
routine216.
215.
routine routine
n. commonplace activity; everyday task; habit; custom; adj. commonplace; ordinary; usual; customary; habitual
practice
Forms: plural: routines

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rubber
royalties218.
217.
royalties rubber
n. percentage of profits paid to an artist for each copy of n. elastic material derived from of some tropical plants;
his work that is sold eraser
Forms: plural: royalties Forms: plural: rubbers

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rule
rubber220.
219.
rubber rule
adj. composed of elastic material; made from caoutchouc n. law; custom; common practice; government; flat tool
used for measuring distances
Forms: plural: rules

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run
rule222.
221.
rule run
v. to govern; to control; to determine; to decide; to decree n. range; journey; track; path; series; sequence
Forms: ruled; ruled; ruling Forms: plural: runs

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rush
run224.
223.
run rush
v. to operate; to activate; to manage; to direct; to carry n. speed; haste; sudden increase in activity or speed
out; to fulfill
Forms: ran; ran; running Forms: plural: rushes

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rush
225.
rush
v. to hurry; to make haste; to act or move quickly; to
cause to hurry
Forms: rushed; rushed; rushing

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S 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words
salary
safety2.
S1.
safety salary
n. freedom from danger; quality of not causing injury or n. periodic wage paid to someone for work; pay
loss; any security device
Forms: plural: safeties Forms: plural: salaries

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sales
sale4.
3.
sale sales
n. commercial transaction; instance of offering goods at a n. marketing; activities associated with selling a product
reduced price; demand for merchandise; auction or service
Forms: plural: sales Forms: only plural

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salient
salient6.
5.
salient salient
n. angle that points outward adj. conspicuous; bulging outward; protruding;
remarkable; noticeable
Forms: plural: salients

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salvage
salvage8.
7.
salvage salvage
n. act of rescuing; rescued items v. to save from destruction; to rescue
Forms: plural: salvages Forms: salvaged; salvaged; salvaging

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sample
sample10.
9.
sample sample
n. specimen; small part of something; representative part v. to take a small portion of something as a specimen
of a larger group
Forms: plural: samples Forms: sampled; sampled; sampling

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satisfaction
sanitary12.
11.
sanitary satisfaction
adj. hygienic; clean; healthy n. gratification of a need; remuneration; fulfillment
Forms: plural: satisfactions

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save
satisfy14.
13.
satisfy save
v. to fulfill; to meet a request or requirement; to prep. except; besides; but
compensate; to remunerate
Forms: satisfied; satisfied; satisfying

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savvy
save16.
15.
save savvy
n. action or instance in which the ball or puck is adj. experienced; knowledgeable (Slang)
prevented from entering the goal
Forms: plural: saves

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saw
savvy18.
17.
savvy saw
n. understanding; wisdom; intelligence (Slang) n. tool for cutting consisting of a toothed blade; saying;
maxim; proverb
Forms: no plural Forms: plural: saws

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scale
saw20.
19.
saw scale
v. to cut with a toothed blade n. progression of steps; table of graduated rates; system
of marks used for measuring
Forms: sawed; sawn; sawing Forms: plural: scales

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scan
scale22.
21.
scale scan
v. to climb; to ascend; to weigh; to do according to a n. close examination; scrutinizing look
particular ratio
Forms: scaled; scaled; scaling Forms: plural: scans

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scanner
scan24.
23.
scan scanner
v. to convert an object or image into a digital image using n. peripheral device used to convert objects or images
an optical device to browse into digital images (Computers)
Forms: scanned; scanned; scanning Forms: plural: scanners

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scene
scatterbrained26.
25.
scatterbrained scene
adj. unable to think in a clear and orderly manner; giddy n. place where an event occurs; vista; view
or frivolous
Forms: plural: scenes

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schedule
scenery28.
27.
scenery schedule
n. view; vista; panorama; set; backdrop used on stage to n. timetable; agenda; itinerary; plan
portray a particular setting or locale
Forms: plural: sceneries Forms: plural: schedules

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science
schedule30.
29.
schedule science
v. to create a timetable; to enter into a timetable; to plan n. system of knowledge gained by research; specific field
for a certain date of systematic knowledge; skill; proficiency
Forms: scheduled; scheduled; scheduling Forms: plural: sciences

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score
scope32.
31.
scope score
n. range; extent; sphere; expanse n. group of twenty items; debt; account; bill; grade on a
test
Forms: plural: scopes Forms: plural: scores

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scramble
score34.
33.
score scramble
v. to gain; to obtain; to earn a point (in a game, etc.); to n. climb over rough terrain; struggle for possession;
tally; to grade a test disorderly or chaotic proceeding
Forms: scored; scored; scoring Forms: plural: scrambles

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scratch
scramble36.
35.
scramble scratch
v. to jumble; to mix together confusedly; to clamber; to n. abrasion; cut; score of zero; cash; money (Slang)
climb on all fours
Forms: scrambled; scrambled; scrambling Forms: plural: scratches

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screen
scratch38.
37.
scratch screen
v. to rub; to achieve or obtain with difficulty; to delete; to n. part of a television or computer monitor where the
cross out picture is displayed
Forms: scratched; scratched; scratching Forms: plural: screens

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scrupulous
screen40.
39.
screen scrupulous
v. to cover with a curtain; to filter; to sift; to hide; to adj. moral; adhering to ethical principles; precise; strict;
conceal; to separate exact
Forms: screened; screened; screening

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seamlessly
scrutinize42.
41.
scrutinize seamlessly
v. to examine; to investigate; to check closely; to inspect adv. smoothly; continuously; inconspicuously
Forms: scrutinized; scrutinized; scrutinizing

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search
search44.
43.
search search
n. quest; hunt; instance of looking for something; v. to hunt for; to look for; to investigate; to examine
investigation; examination
Forms: plural: searches Forms: searched; searched; searching

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season
season46.
45.
season season
n. one of the four quarters of the year (winter, spring, v. to spice; to flavor; to accustom; to acclimatize; to
summer, autumn) become experienced
Forms: plural: seasons Forms: seasoned; seasoned; seasoning

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second
second48.
47.
second second
v. to support a proposal or statement; to endorse; to adj. next after the first; alternate; other; additional;
approve; to help; to assist subordinate; having a lower rank
Forms: seconded; seconded; seconding

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secret
secret50.
49.
secret secret
n. information that is confidential or classified; mystery; adj. classified; confidential; clandestine; covert; hidden;
unexplained phenomenon latent
Forms: plural: secrets

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section
section52.
51.
section section
n. part; district; paragraph; passage; department; unit v. to divide; to split
Forms: plural: sections Forms: sectioned; sectioned; sectioning

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secure
secure54.
53.
secure secure
v. to obtain; to protect; to defend; to strengthen adj. safe; protected; strong; stable; confident
Forms: secured; secured; securing

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seek
security56.
55.
security seek
n. safety; pledge; guarantee; stock; bond v. to go in search of; to look for; to search for; to request
Forms: plural: securities Forms: sought; sought; seeking

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segment
seem58.
57.
seem segment
v. to appear to be; to look like; to give the impression of; n. part; portion; slice; piece
to have the appearance of
Forms: seemed; seemed; seeming Forms: plural: segments

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select
segment60.
59.
segment select
v. to partition; to be partitioned v. to choose; to pick out
Forms: segmented; segmented; segmenting Forms: selected; selected; selecting

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selection
select62.
61.
select selection
adj. chosen; picked out; choice; superior; prime; picky n. choice; assortment; collection of items available to
choose
Forms: plural: selections

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semester
self-employed64.
63.
self-employed semester
adj. independent; independent contractor; business n. one of the two periods of an academic year (usually
owner; person who is not a hired laborer 15-18 weeks)
Forms: plural: semesters

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senior
seminar66.
65.
seminar senior
n. educational meeting; training session n. person of higher rank; older person; elder
Forms: plural: seminars Forms: plural: seniors

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sense
senior68.
67.
senior sense
adj. older; elder; having a higher rank; aged n. any of the five faculties of perception; perception;
recognition; awareness
Forms: plural: senses

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sensible
sense70.
69.
sense sensible
v. to feel; to perceive; to apprehend; to understand adj. rational; reasonable; wise; judicious; cognizant;
aware
Forms: sensed; sensed; sensing

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separate
sensitive72.
71.
sensitive separate
adj. having the capacity for feeling; susceptible to v. to segregate; to set apart; to split; to divide; to
external influences or agents disconnect
Forms: separated; separated; separating

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sequence
separate74.
73.
separate sequence
adj. detached; disconnected; distinct; set apart n. progression; succession; order; arrangement
Forms: plural: sequences

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serious
series76.
75.
series serious
n. sequence; succession; television program broadcast in adj. solemn; acute; critical; requiring much consideration;
installments humorless; grim
Forms: only plural

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serve
serve78.
77.
serve serve
n. opening stroke or hit of the ball (Sports) v. to tend to; to attend; to work; to perform a duty or task
Forms: plural: serves Forms: served; served; serving

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service
service80.
79.
service service
n. act of providing; act of offering; work; labor; function; adj. useful; providing assistance; repairing; performing
role; offer maintenance tasks
Forms: plural: services

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set
session82.
81.
session set
n. meeting; assembly; term; semester n. system; group of items; collection; posture; carriage;
series; sequence
Forms: plural: sessions Forms: plural: sets

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out
set
set84.
83.
set set out
adj. fixed; arranged; prepared; resolute; firmly resolved; v. to display; to undertake; to attempt; to begin a journey;
determined in advance to arrange
Forms: set out; set out; setting out

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setback
up86.
set
85.
set up setback
v. to establish; to start; to found; to being; to raise n. obstacle; misfortune; something which hinders
progress
Forms: set up; set up; setting up Forms: plural: setbacks

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several
setup88.
87.
setup several
n. arrangement; structure; organization; hoax; adj. some; few; separate; distinct; individual; various
configuration of hardware or software (Computers)
Forms: plural: setups

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severely
severe90.
89.
severe severely
adj. serious; grave; acute; difficult; rigorous; harsh; strict adv. seriously; gravely; acutely; critically
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
shape
shape92.
91.
shape shape
n. form; model; image; condition; fitness; mold v. to design; to mold; to form; to direct; to be formed
Forms: plural: shapes Forms: shaped; shaped; shaping

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share
share94.
93.
share share
n. part; portion; quota; allocation; issue of stock v. to divide; to apportion; to receive a portion; to
participate
Forms: plural: shares Forms: shared; shared; sharing

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sharp
shareholder96.
95.
shareholder sharp
n. person or organization that owns part of a company n. sewing needle; swindler; cheater; professional gambler
Forms: plural: shareholders Forms: no plural

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shelf
sharp98.
97.
sharp shelf
adj. having a thin edge intended for cutting; sudden; n. a support that consists of a horizontal surface for
clear; smart holding objects; projection; rock ledge; sandbank
Forms: plural: shelves

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ship
ship100.
99.
ship ship
n. large vessel made for sailing on the sea; aircraft; v. to send; to dispatch; to transport (by airplane, truck,
spacecraft etc.); to embark
Forms: plural: ships Forms: shipped; shipped; shipping

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shipping
shipment102.
101.
shipment shipping
n. sending of cargo or freight n. business of sending or transporting cargo; sea voyage
(Archaic)
Forms: plural: shipments Forms: plural: shippings

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shop
shipyard104.
103.
shipyard shop
n. place where vessels are built and repaired n. small retail store; studio; business; office; outlet
Forms: plural: shipyards Forms: plural: shops

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shortage
shop106.
105.
shop shortage
v. to visit a store and purchase goods; to browse in a n. lack; scarcity; deficit; deficiency
store; to inform on; to betray (British Slang)
Forms: shopped; shopped; shopping Forms: plural: shortages

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shredder
should108.
107.
should shredder
v. must (indicating duty or obligation); would (softening n. device used to destroy documents by cutting them into
the statement) small strips or pieces
Forms: modal verb Forms: plural: shredders

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sick
shrewdness110.
109.
shrewdness sick
n. intelligence; ability to think in a clever manner adj. ill; nauseous; feeling the need to vomit; disgusted;
fed up
Forms: no plural
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sight
sight112.
111.
sight sight
n. vision; ability to see; look; glimpse; spectacle v. to see with the eyes; to view; to notice; to discern; to
observe
Forms: plural: sights Forms: sighted; sighted; sighting

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sign
sign114.
113.
sign sign
n. mark; symbol; indication; hint; trace; notice; v. to mark; to indicate; to write one's name
advertisement
Forms: plural: signs Forms: signed; signed; signing

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significant
significance116.
115.
significance significant
n. meaning; sense; quality of having meaning adj. important; consequential; meaningful; having
meaning; of a considerable amount
Forms: no plural
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signify
signification118.
117.
signification signify
n. meaning; sense; importance; consequence; act of v. to represent; to indicate; to communicate; to express;
pointing out to convey
Forms: plural: significations Forms: signified; signified; signifying

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simple
similar120.
119.
similar simple
adj. alike; having common qualities; comparable n. stupid person substance unmixed with other
substances; commoner
Forms: plural: simples

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simulate
simple122.
121.
simple simulate
adj. easy; uncomplicated; modest; ordinary; plain v. to copy; to pretend; to fake
Forms: simulated; simulated; simulating

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sincere
simulation124.
123.
simulation sincere
n. act of pretending; counterfeit; imitation of the operation adj. honest; truthful; frank; straightforward; genuine;
or features of one system using an other system earnest
Forms: plural: simulations

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sink
sincerely126.
125.
sincerely sink
adv. honestly; genuinely; earnestly; faithfully n. wash basin; sewer; drain; cesspool; place where
criminals gather
Forms: plural: sinks

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site
sink128.
127.
sink site
v. to submerge; to fall down below the surface (especially n. place; location; area
in water)
Forms: sunk; sunk; sinking Forms: plural: sites

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situation
site130.
129.
site situation
v. to locate n. condition; circumstance; location; position; job; place of
employment
Forms: sited; sited; siting Forms: plural: situations

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size
size132.
131.
size size
n. spatial dimension; measurement; extent; degree v. to arrange according to dimension
Forms: plural: sizes Forms: sized; sized; sizing

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skim
skill134.
133.
skill skim
n. ability; aptitude; proficiency; expertise; craft or trade n. a thin layer covering the surface of a liquid; film; thin
that requires special training layer
Forms: plural: skills Forms: no plural

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skirting
skim136.
135.
skim skirting
v. read superficially; to cause an object to skip across the n. act of going around; avoidance; evasion
surface of a liquid
Forms: skimmed; skimmed; skimming Forms: no plural

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slander
slander138.
137.
slander slander
n. false and injurious statements made about another; v. to make false and injurious statements about another;
defamation; calumny to defame; to vilify; to malign
Forms: no plural Forms: slandered; slandered; slandering

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slantwise
slantwise140.
139.
slantwise slantwise
adj. sloping; inclined adv. at an angle; obliquely; in a slanting direction
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slash
slash142.
141.
slash slash
n. punctuation mark in the form of a diagonal line (/); v. to cut with a sharp quick stroke; to reduce; to lower; to
reduction; decrease criticize strongly
Forms: plural: slashes Forms: slashed; slashed; slashing

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slice
slice144.
143.
slice slice
n. thin piece cut from a larger object; portion; share v. to cut into portions; to cleave
Forms: plural: slices Forms: sliced; sliced; slicing

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slip
slip146.
145.
slip slip
n. slide; stumble; mistake; blunder; error v. to glide; to sneak; to slide; to decline; to deteriorate; to
make a mistake
Forms: plural: slips Forms: slipped; slipped; slipping

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slope
slogan148.
147.
slogan slope
n. motto; catchword; attention getting phrase used in n. side of a hill; incline; upward or downward slant;
advertising degree to which a surface deviates from the vertical
Forms: plural: slogans Forms: plural: slopes

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slot
slope150.
149.
slope slot
v. to incline; to slant upward or downward; to cause to tilt n. notch; narrow opening; place; position (within a
system, etc.)
Forms: sloped; sloped; sloping Forms: plural: slots

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slump
slot152.
151.
slot slump
v. to notch; to groove; to assign to a place or position (in n. recession; sudden decrease; drooping posture; slouch;
an organization, system, etc.) collapse
Forms: slotted; slotted; slotting Forms: plural: slumps

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small
slump154.
153.
slump small
v. to collapse; to decline; to decrease; to deteriorate; to adj. little; few in number; trivial; unimportant; modest
settle
Forms: slumped; slumped; slumping

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smart
small156.
155.
small smart
adv. softly; in a low voice; without strength or force; n. sharp stinging pain
weakly; into little pieces
Forms: plural: smarts

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smoothly
smart158.
157.
smart smoothly
adj. intelligent; clever; shrewd; lively; fashionable; stylish adv. gently; without roughness or projections; evenly;
calmly
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soar
sneakers160.
159.
sneakers soar
n. sports shoe; one who moves about stealthily; one who v. to glide; to fly upward; to ascend; to increase; to rise
acts furtively
Forms: plural: sneakers Forms: soared; soared; soaring

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society
society162.
161.
society society
n. association; organization; community; rich upper class; adj. of or pertaining to the upper class
fellowship; companionship
Forms: plural: societies

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solace
software164.
163.
software solace
n. programs which control the functions of a computer's n. consolation; relief from distress; source of comfort
hardware
Forms: no plural Forms: plural: solaces

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solely
solace166.
165.
solace solely
v. to comfort; to console; to encourage; to relieve; to adv. only; exclusively; merely
appease
Forms: solaced; solaced; solacing

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solve
solicit168.
167.
solicit solve
v. to try and obtain something through persuasion or v. to find the answer to; to explain
earnest requests
Forms: solicited; solicited; soliciting Forms: solved; solved; solving

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sophisticated
somber170.
169.
somber sophisticated
adj. gloomy; dark; depressing; sad; mournful adj. refined; cultured; complex; intricate; complicated
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sort
sort172.
171.
sort sort
n. type; kind; character; manner; quality v. to classify; to organize; to separate from others; to
clarify
Forms: plural: sorts Forms: sorted; sorted; sorting

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sound
sound174.
173.
sound sound
n. vibrations that can be detected by the human ear; adj. whole; healthy; in good condition; sane; firm; valid
noise; vocal utterance
Forms: plural: sounds

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source
source176.
175.
source source
n. origin; starting point v. to originate from; to reveal the origin of something; to
obtain from a particular supplier
Forms: plural: sources Forms: sourced; sourced; spacing

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space
space178.
177.
space space
n. universe; empty area; gap; area; interval v. to set some distance apart
Forms: plural: spaces Forms: spaced; spaced; spacing

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span
span180.
179.
span span
n. length; distance; duration; period of time v. to extend across; to stretch from one point another; to
bridge
Forms: plural: spans Forms: spanned; spanned; spanning

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special
special182.
181.
special special
n. reduced price; sale on particular items; extra adj. unusual; exceptional; unique; particular; highly
newspaper edition valued
Forms: plural: specials

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specialty
specialize184.
183.
specialize specialty
v. to devote oneself to a particular profession or field of n. distinguishing mark; unique ability; area of expertise
study; to limit
Forms: specialized; specialized; specializing Forms: plural: specialties

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specify
specification186.
185.
specification specify
n. item or detail included in a description of requirements v. to indicate; to itemize; to mark; to designate; to
or plans stipulate
Forms: plural: specifications Forms: specified; specified; specifying

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speed
speech188.
187.
speech speed
n. speaking ability; something that is communicated orally n. quickness; velocity; transmission gear in a motor
vehicle
Forms: plural: speeches Forms: plural: speeds

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spend
speed190.
189.
speed spend
v. to accelerate; to cause to move quickly; to expedite; to v. to expend; to disburse; to put out (money, resources,
further; to hurry etc.)
Forms: sped; sped; speeding Forms: spent; spent; spending

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sponsor
splendid192.
191.
splendid sponsor
adj. wonderful; excellent; marvelous; grand; elegant; n. one who donates money; person or organization that
magnificent promotes or supports (an event, program, candidate,
etc.)
Forms: plural: sponsors

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sporadic
sponsor194.
193.
sponsor sporadic
v. to back; to support; to finance; to subsidize; to promote adj. irregular; fitful; occasional; infrequent
Forms: sponsored; sponsored; sponsoring

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spot
spot196.
195.
spot spot
n. roundish stain; speck; place; awkward or difficult adj. made or done immediately; paid at once; performed
situation; predicament randomly
Forms: plural: spots

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spread
spread198.
197.
spread spread
n. expansion; growth; range; story or advertisement that v. to open; to extend; to apply a layer on; to scatter; to
covers two pages distribute
Forms: plural: spreads Forms: spread; spread; spreading

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spy
spy200.
199.
spy spy
n. secret agent; person who secretly investigates and v. to provide secret information about another country; to
gathers information about other people examine
Forms: plural: spies Forms: spied; spied; spying

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square
square202.
201.
square square
n. geometric figure having four equal sides; plaza adj. having four equal sides enclosing four equal angles
Forms: plural: squares

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stable
stable204.
203.
stable stable
n. structure in which horses and other animals are adj. steady; firm; lasting; dependable; faithful
housed
Forms: plural: stables

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stack
stack206.
205.
stack stack
n. heap; tall bookshelf; chimney v. to place one thing on top of another in a heap; to pile
Forms: plural: stacks Forms: stacked; stacked; stacking

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staff
staff208.
207.
staff staff
n. employees working in an organization; personnel; v. to employ a group of workers; to provide with
crew; team employees; to man
Forms: plural: staffs Forms: staffed; staffed; staffing

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stage
stage210.
209.
stage stage
n. raised platform; resting place on a journey; phase v. to perform; to present; to carry out; to execute
Forms: plural: stages Forms: staged; staged; staging

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stake
stake212.
211.
stake stake
n. wager; bet; investment; share v. to risk; to gamble; to finance; to underwrite
Forms: plural: stakes Forms: staked; staked; staking

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stall
stall214.
213.
stall stall
n. stand; booth; pen; pretext to delay v. to put into a stable; to delay; to check the progress of
Forms: plural: stalls Forms: stalled; stalled; stalling

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out
stand
stance216.
215.
stance stand out

n. physical position or bearing; opinion; attitude v. to be conspicuous; to be noticeable; to project; to
protrude
Forms: plural: stances Forms: stood out; stood out; standing out
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standard
standard218.
217.
standard standard
n. model; criterion; norm; average; commodity which adj. serving as a model; normal; regular; typical; widely
backs a monetary system accepted
Forms: plural: standards

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staple
standpoint220.
219.
standpoint staple
n. outlook; perspective; view; opinion; attitude n. metal clip for binding papers; essential element
Forms: plural: standpoints Forms: plural: staples

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state
staple222.
221.
staple state
adj. essential; regularly used; primary; principal; main (of n. condition; phase; mood; splendor; nation
goods or products)
Forms: plural: states

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statement
state224.
223.
state statement
adj. governmental; bureaucratic; majestic; dignified n. declaration; allegation; official account
Forms: plural: statements

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station
station226.
225.
station station
n. position; place where a person or thing is usually v. to assign to a particular post or position; to appoint
found; headquarters; broadcast frequency
Forms: plural: stations Forms: stationed; stationed; stationing

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stationery
stationary228.
227.
stationary stationery
adj. still; fixed in place; static; settled; tending to stay in n. paper used for writing letters
one place
Forms: plural: stationeries

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status
statistics230.
229.
statistics status
n. organization and interpretation of numerical data n. individual's social or professional standing; position;
rank; present situation
Forms: only plural Forms: plural: statuses

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stay
stay232.
231.
stay stay
n. act of halting; visit; temporary residence; suspension of v. to visit; to spend time in a place; to remain temporarily;
a legal proceeding to lodge
Forms: plural: stays Forms: stayed; stayed; staying

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stem
steadfast234.
233.
steadfast stem
adj. loyal; faithful; unchanging n. central stalk of a plant; petiole
Forms: plural: stems

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step
stem236.
235.
stem step
v. to arise; to come from; to originate; to stop; to check n. movement made by lifting the foot and setting it down
in another place; stair; stage in a process
Forms: stemmed; stemmed; stemming Forms: plural: steps

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sternly
step238.
237.
step sternly
pref. related to by the remarriage of a parent and not by adv. strictly; firmly
blood
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
still
still240.
239.
still still
n. silence; quiet; photograph adj. quiet; tranquil; calm; motionless
Forms: plural: stills

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stipulate
stipendiary242.
241.
stipendiary stipulate
adj. receiving of a regular or fixed payment v. to require that certain conditions be met before the
signing of a contract; to specify; to require
Forms: stipulated; stipulated; stipulating

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stock
stock244.
243.
stock stock
n. supply of goods; inventory; share; company's capital adj. available on a regular basis; employed to handle
divided into shares merchandise or goods
Forms: plural: stocks

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stop
stop246.
245.
stop stop
n. cessation; end; visit; obstacle; hindrance v. to halt; to cease; to quit; to close; to block; to impede
Forms: plural: stops Forms: stopped; stopped; stopping

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store
store248.
247.
store store
n. shop; place where merchandise is sold; supply of v. to amass; to accumulate; to supply; to equip
goods or materials set aside for future use
Forms: plural: stores Forms: stored; stored; storing

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straight
story250.
249.
story straight
n. true or fictional account of some occurrence; short n. line that is not curved; section that is not curved
work of fiction; plot; news report
Forms: plural: stories Forms: plural: straights

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straightforward
straight252.
251.
straight straightforward
adj. having no curves or bends; frank; continuous; adj. frank; candid; sincere; honest; simple; uncomplicated
honest; consistent
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
strategy
strap254.
253.
strap strategy
v. to tie with a narrow piece of leather; to lash n. plans or methods created for the purpose of achieving
a goal
Forms: strapped; strapped; strapping Forms: plural: strategies

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streamline
streamline256.
255.
streamline streamline
n. path along which a fluid flows; direction in which a v. to make more efficient; to organize; to simplify
particle flows; aerodynamic shape
Forms: plural: streamlines Forms: streamlined; streamlined; streamlining

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strengthen
strength258.
257.
strength strengthen
n. durability; determination; resolve; power; intensity; v. to make strong; to fortify; to reinforce; to toughen
force
Forms: plural: strengths Forms: strengthened; strengthened; strengthening

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stress
stress260.
259.
stress stress
n. emphasis; importance; accent; strain; tension; v. to emphasize; to accentuate
pressure
Forms: plural: stresses Forms: stressed; stressed; stressing

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strike
stretch262.
261.
stretch strike
v. to extend; to elongate; to reach out; to pull; to strain n. temporary work stoppage; good luck; discovery of
natural resources
Forms: stretched; stretched; stretching Forms: plural: strikes

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striped
strike264.
263.
strike striped
v. to temporarily cease working as a protest; to impress adj. marked with narrow bands of contrasting color or
texture
Forms: struck; stricken; striking

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structure
strive266.
265.
strive structure
v. to endeavor; to try hard; to compete; to struggle; to n. building; something created from a number of
resist interconnecting parts
Forms: strove; striven; striving Forms: plural: structures

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study
structure268.
267.
structure study
v. to organize; to arrange; to give form to n. learning; field of learning; thorough investigation;
report; analysis
Forms: structured; structured; structuring Forms: plural: studies

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style
study270.
269.
study style
v. to learn; to ponder; to examine; to investigate; to n. manner; way; fashion; chic; vogue
memorize
Forms: studied; studied; studying Forms: plural: styles

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subject
style272.
271.
style subject
v. to plan; to design; to name; to call n. topic; branch of studies; major; citizen; motive
Forms: styled; styled; styling Forms: plural: subjects

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subjectively
subject274.
273.
subject subjectively
adj. under the rule of; subordinate; exposed to; liable to; adv. based on individual thoughts and feelings
conditional
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
subordinate
submit276.
275.
submit subordinate
v. to give in; to surrender; to yield; to present; to propose n. one who is subservient; someone under the authority
of another
Forms: submitted; submitted; submitting Forms: plural: subordinates

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subscribe
subordinate278.
277.
subordinate subscribe
adj. inferior; of secondary importance; under the authority v. to endorse; to donate; to contribute; to pledge; to
of another support; to approve
Forms: subscribed; subscribed; subscribing

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subside
subscription280.
279.
subscription subside
n. payment given for regularly scheduled performances v. to descend; to decline; to abate; to lessen
or publications
Forms: plural: subscriptions Forms: subsided; subsided; subsiding

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subsidiary
subsidiary282.
281.
subsidiary subsidiary
n. company that is owned or controlled by another adj. supplementary; auxiliary; secondary; lesser in
company importance
Forms: plural: subsidiaries

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subsidy
subsidize284.
283.
subsidize subsidy
v. to provide financial assistance n. financial assistance
Forms: subsidized; subsidized; subsidizing Forms: plural: subsidies

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substantiate
substantial286.
285.
substantial substantiate
adj. firm; wealthy; influential; important; considerable v. to prove; to verify; to confirm; to actualize
Forms: substantiated; substantiated; substantiated

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substantive
substantive288.
287.
substantive substantive
n. word or phrase functioning as a noun adj. existing independently; real; tangible
Forms: plural: substantives

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substitute
substitute290.
289.
substitute substitute
n. replacement; person or thing that takes the place of adj. acting as a replacement
another
Forms: plural: substitutes

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succeed
subtract292.
291.
subtract succeed
v. to take away part of a whole; to remove; to deduct v. to prosper; to achieve; to attain; to follow; to inherit
Forms: subtracted; subtracted; subtracting Forms: succeeded; succeeded; succeeding

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succinct
success294.
293.
success succinct
n. attainment of something desired or attempted; adj. stated briefly but clearly; clear and concise; short and
accomplishment; prosperity to the point
Forms: plural: successes

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suggest
sufficient296.
295.
sufficient suggest
adj. enough; adequate v. to propose; to mention; to imply; to hint; to evoke
Forms: suggested; suggested; suggesting

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suit
suggestion298.
297.
suggestion suit
n. proposal; recommendation; insinuation; hint n. matching outfit consisting of a jacket and trousers or a
skirt; request; courtship
Forms: plural: suggestions Forms: plural: suits

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suitcase
suit300.
299.
suit suitcase
v. to fit; to match; to satisfy; to please; to clothe n. rectangular traveling bag; valise
Forms: suited; suited; suiting Forms: plural: suitcases

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sum
suite302.
301.
suite sum
n. group of things that together form a set; group of n. whole amount; entire quantity; essence; gist
attendants
Forms: plural: suites Forms: plural: sums

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summarize
sum304.
303.
sum summarize
v. to add v. to present in a condensed form; to list the main points
in a brief and comprehensive manner
Forms: summed; summed; summing Forms: summarized; summarized; summarizing

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superfluous
superb306.
305.
superb superfluous
adj. excellent; wonderful; splendid; magnificent adj. being more than is needed; excessive; unnecessary
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
superior
superior308.
307.
superior superior
n. one who is higher than another in rank or position adj. higher in rank or position; above average;
exceptional
Forms: plural: superiors

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supervisor
supervise310.
309.
supervise supervisor
v. to oversee; to administer; to direct; to manage; to n. overseer; director; manager
watch over
Forms: supervised; supervised; supervising Forms: plural: supervisors

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supplement
supervisory312.
311.
supervisory supplement
adj. managerial; overseeing n. something which makes up for a deficiency; addition;
extra added part
Forms: plural: supplements

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supplementary
supplement314.
313.
supplement supplementary
v. to make up for a deficiency; to add on to adj. additional; extra
Forms: supplemented; supplemented; supplementing

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supply
supplier316.
315.
supplier supply
n. provider n. act of providing; provision; reserve; stock
Forms: plural: suppliers Forms: plural: supplies

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support
supply318.
317.
supply support
v. to furnish; to equip; to make up for; to compensate for; n. prop; brace; economic assistance; upkeep;
to substitute for temporarily encouragement; aid
Forms: supplied; supplied; supplying Forms: plural: supports

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supportive
support320.
319.
support supportive
v. to carry; to encourage; to assist financially; to adj. providing assistance
substantiate
Forms: supported; supported; supporting

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surely
suppose322.
321.
suppose surely
v. to presume to be true; to hypothesize; to believe adv. confidently; certainly; without a doubt; yes; of course
Forms: supposed; supposed; supposing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
surface
surface324.
323.
surface surface
n. exterior or upper boundary of a thing; external part or adj. external
layer; outward appearance
Forms: plural: surfaces

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
surplus
surmise326.
325.
surmise surplus
v. to infer; to conjecture; to guess; to presume n. profit; amount of assets that is higher than liabilities
Forms: surmised; surmised; surmising Forms: plural: surpluses

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
surprise
surprise328.
327.
surprise surprise
n. astonishment; something which startles or astonishes; v. to startle; to astonish; to ambush
unexpected event
Forms: plural: surprises Forms: surprised; surprised; surprising

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
survey
surveillance330.
329.
surveillance survey
n. careful observation of a person or group n. review; overview; statistical study
Forms: no plural Forms: plural: surveys

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
survive
survey332.
331.
survey survive
v. to look over; to observe; to examine carefully; to study v. to outlive; to remain in use; to outlast; to endure; to
withstand
Forms: surveyed; surveyed; surveying Forms: survived; survived; surviving

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
suspect
susceptible334.
333.
susceptible suspect
adj. vulnerable; prone; impressionable adj. doubtful; dubious
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
sustain
suspend336.
335.
suspend sustain
v. to hang; to postpone; to defer; to expel v. to support; to provide for; to finance; to assist; to
encourage
Forms: suspended; suspended; suspending Forms: sustained; sustained; sustaining

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
swap
swap338.
337.
swap swap
n. exchange; trade v. to exchange one thing for another; to trade; to barter
Forms: plural: swaps Forms: swapped; swapped; swapping

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
sway
sway340.
339.
sway sway
n. moving back and forth; influence; control; authority v. to move back and forth; to lean in a certain direction; to
be sympathetic to; to hesitate
Forms: plural: sways Forms: swayed; swayed; swaying

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
swift
sweater342.
341.
sweater swift
n. pullover; employer who underpays his employees n. financial industry owned cooperative supplying secure,
standardized messaging services to financial institutions
Forms: plural: sweaters Forms: plural: swifts

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
switch
swift344.
343.
swift switch
adj. fast; immediate; prompt; smart n. exchange; transfer; device
Forms: plural: switches

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
switchboard
switch346.
345.
switch switchboard
v. to change; to shift; to exchange; to trade; to turn on or n. panel containing buttons for connecting and
off disconnecting telephone or electrical circuits
Forms: switched; switched; switching Forms: plural: switchboards

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
symposium
sympathy348.
347.
sympathy symposium
n. affinity; compassion; pity; concern; empathy n. meeting or conference at which a specific topic is
discussed
Forms: plural: sympathies Forms: plural: symposiums

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
system
synthesis350.
349.
synthesis system
n. combining of separate elements into a complete whole n. combination of related things or parts that form a
complex whole
Forms: plural: syntheses Forms: plural: systems

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
systematically
351.
systematically
adv. methodically; in an organized fashion
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

T 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words
table
table2.
T1.
table table
n. list of information arranged in columns and rows; chart; v. to enter information into a chart; to postpone; to set
flat surface aside for future consideration
Forms: plural: tables Forms: tabled; tabled; tabling

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
tackle
tackle4.
3.
tackle tackle
n. equipment; device for lifting and lowering objects v. to deal with; to stop; to undertake; to set about
Forms: plural: tackles Forms: tackled; tackled; tackling

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
tailor
tailor6.
5.
tailor tailor
n. one who makes or alters garments v. to create or adapt for a particular need or desire
Forms: plural: tailors Forms: tailored; tailored; tailoring

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
take
take8.
7.
take take
n. amount collected at one time; income; proceeds; v. to seize; to capture; to possess; to contract
profits (Informal)
Forms: plural: takes Forms: took; taken; taking

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
takeover
over10.
take
9.
take over takeover
v. to capture; to assume control n. act of assuming control of something (as in a
government or business)
Forms: took over; taken over; taking over Forms: plural: takeovers
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
talk
talk12.
11.
talk talk
n. conversation; speech; lecture; meeting v. to converse; to speak; to spread rumors; to lecture; to
reveal secret information
Forms: plural: talks Forms: talked; talked; talking

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
tall
talkative14.
13.
talkative tall
adj. chatty; loquacious adj. having a specified height; difficult to believe;
exaggerated; challenging
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
tantamount
tantalizing16.
15.
tantalizing tantamount
v. to tempt or tease by presenting something as available adj. equivalent to; equal to
and then withholding it
Forms: tantalized; tantalized; tantalizing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
target
target18.
17.
target target
n. mark; objective; aim; object; goal v. to aim at something
Forms: plural: targets Forms: targeted; targeted; targeting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
task
task20.
19.
task task
n. job; assignment; obligation; role v. to give assignments; to overburden; to strain
Forms: plural: tasks Forms: tasked; tasked; tasking

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
taste
taste22.
21.
taste taste
n. perception of flavor; sense; reason v. to check flavor by eating; to attempt; to try
Forms: plural: tastes Forms: tasted; tasted; tasting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
tax
tax24.
23.
tax tax
n. levy; fee v. to impose a tariff; to impose a levy; to burden; to
demand too much
Forms: plural: taxes Forms: taxed; taxed; taxing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
technique
technician26.
25.
technician technique
n. specialist in repairs of machinery and appliances n. method of performance
Forms: plural: technicians Forms: plural: techniques

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
temper
technology28.
27.
technology temper
n. sciences of the industrial arts; applied sciences n. disposition; mood
Forms: plural: technologies Forms: plural: tempers

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
temporary
temper30.
29.
temper temporary
v. to moderate; to soften; to tone down; to toughen; to adj. passing; brief
harden
Forms: tempered; tempered; tempering

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
tenant
tenant32.
31.
tenant tenant
n. lodger; occupant; resident; renter; landlord v. to rent; to inhabit; to occupy
Forms: plural: tenants Forms: tenanted; tenanted; tenanting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
tender
tender34.
33.
tender tender
n. bid; offer; overseer; supervisor adj. gentle; soft; delicate
Forms: plural: tenders

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
tense
tense36.
35.
tense tense
n. inflection; verbal 'time' adj. strained; taut; rigid; nervous; stressful
Forms: plural: tenses

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
tentative
tension38.
37.
tension tentative
n. tautness; strain; nervousness; agitation; apprehension adj. experimental; trial; temporary; hesitant
Forms: plural: tensions

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
term
tenure40.
39.
tenure term
n. strength; period; permanence n. word; expression; idiom; condition; stipulation
Forms: plural: tenures Forms: plural: terms

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
terminal
term42.
41.
term terminal
v. to name; to call; to designate n. either end of a passenger line; bus or train station
Forms: termed; termed; terming Forms: plural: terminals

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
terminology
terminal44.
43.
terminal terminology
adj. end; closing; concluding; final; mortal n. nomenclature; specific vocabulary
Forms: plural: terminologies

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
territory
terrible46.
45.
terrible territory
adj. awful n. region; district; zone; area; domain
Forms: plural: territories

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
testimonial
testify48.
47.
testify testimonial
v. to bear witness; to declare under oath; to attest n. letter of recommendation
Forms: testified; testified; testifying Forms: plural: testimonials

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
thoroughness
thorough50.
49.
thorough thoroughness
adj. comprehensive; complete; finished n. diligence; neatness
Forms: no plural
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
though
though52.
51.
though though
conj. despite; in spite of adv. anyway
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
thread
thought54.
53.
thought thread
n. idea; concept; product of the mind n. string; thin cord; Internet discussion
Forms: plural: thoughts Forms: plural: threads

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
threat
thread56.
55.
thread threat
v. to pass something through an opening n. expression of intent to damage or injure; intimidation;
danger
Forms: threaded; threaded; threading Forms: plural: threats

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
throughout
thrive58.
57.
thrive throughout
v. to prosper; to flourish; to succeed prep. in every part; at every point or moment
Forms: throve; thriven; thriving

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
thus
throughout60.
59.
throughout thus
adv. in every; during adv. therefore; so
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
ticket
ticket62.
61.
ticket ticket
n. certificate; entry pass; tag v. to label; to fine
Forms: plural: tickets Forms: ticketed; ticketed; ticketing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
tie
tie64.
63.
tie tie
n. rope; cord; link; connection; equal score in a game v. to bind; to fasten with a rope or cord
Forms: plural: ties Forms: tied; tied; tying

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
tight
tight66.
65.
tight tight
adj. close-fitting; tense; narrow adv. in a close-fitting manner; firmly
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
timeliness
time68.
67.
time timeliness
n. period; era; hour; rate n. punctuality
Forms: plural: times Forms: no plural

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
title
title70.
69.
title title
n. heading; caption; right; ownership; championship v. to furnish with a caption or heading
Forms: plural: titles Forms: titled; titled; titling

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
token
token72.
71.
token token
n. symbol; sign; mark; remembrance adj. nominal; symbolic; perfunctory
Forms: plural: tokens

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
tool
toll74.
73.
toll tool
n. tax; charge; levy; grievous price n. apparatus; device
Forms: plural: tolls Forms: plural: tools

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
top
top76.
75.
top top
n. summit; peak; head adj. highest; prime; leading
Forms: plural: tops

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
total
topic78.
77.
topic total
n. theme; subject of conversation; issue n. sum; whole
Forms: plural: topics Forms: plural: totals

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
tour
total80.
79.
total tour
adj. entire; complete; absolute n. voyage; sightseeing excursion; trip; route
Forms: plural: tours

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
tow
tour82.
81.
tour tow
v. to sightsee; to voyage; to travel n. act of dragging or pulling with a rope or chain
Forms: toured; toured; touring Forms: plural: tows

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
town
tow84.
83.
tow town
v. to pull; to drag n. city
Forms: towed; towed; towing Forms: plural: towns

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
track
town86.
85.
town track
adj. of a city; local n. lane; path; signs; trails; channel
Forms: plural: tracks

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
trade
track88.
87.
track trade
v. to follow n. business; commerce; barter; occupation
Forms: tracked; tracked; tracking Forms: plural: trades

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
tradition
trade90.
89.
trade tradition
adj. commercial; of commerce n. custom; practice; convention
Forms: plural: traditions

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
traffic
traditional92.
91.
traditional traffic
adj. customary n. movement of vehicles or persons; trade; commerce;
load of messages in a communications network
Forms: no plural
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
trail
traffic94.
93.
traffic trail
v. to deal in; to sell n. track; footprints; path; way
Forms: trafficked; trafficked; trafficking Forms: plural: trails

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
transact
trail96.
95.
trail transact
v. to follow; to drag; to tow v. to carry out; to conduct; to perform
Forms: trailed; trailed; trailing Forms: transacted; transacted; transacting

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
transcend
transaction98.
97.
transaction transcend
n. negotiation; settlement; business deal v. to excel; to rise above
Forms: plural: transactions Forms: transcended; transcended; transcending

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
transfer
transcendent100.
99.
transcendent transfer
adj. sublime; exalted; superior n. exchange; conveying something from one person to
another
Forms: plural: transfers

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
trash
transfer102.
101.
transfer trash
v. to convey; to relocate; to hand over; to pass on n. something discarded; rubbish; garbage; refuse;
nonsense
Forms: transferred; transferred; transferring Forms: plural: trashes

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
travel
trash104.
103.
trash travel
v. to throw away; to discard; to destroy; to damage n. movement; journeying
Forms: trashed; trashed; trashing Forms: plural: travels

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
traveler
travel106.
105.
travel traveler
v. to go on a journey; to move; to go from one place to n. one who makes a journey
another
Forms: traveled; traveled; traveling Forms: plural: travelers

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
treasure
tray108.
107.
tray treasure
n. flat receptacle used to hold other items; platter v. to put away for future use
Forms: plural: trays Forms: treasured; treasured; treasuring

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
treat
treat110.
109.
treat treat
n. delight; refreshment or entertainment given to its v. to relate to; to deal with; to process; to pay for
recipient without cost
Forms: plural: treats Forms: treated; treated; treating

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
treaty
treatment112.
111.
treatment treaty
n. therapy; care; relation; attitude; behavior n. formal agreement between two states; compact;
covenant; contract
Forms: plural: treatments Forms: plural: treaties

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
trespasser
tremendous114.
113.
tremendous trespasser
adj. very great in numbers; huge; powerful n. one who damages a person or his property or rights
Forms: plural: trespassers

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
trial
trial116.
115.
trial trial
n. test; attempt; experiment; annoyance adj. experimental; exploratory; test; used as a sample
Forms: plural: trials

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
trivial
triangle118.
117.
triangle trivial
n. shape having three sides and three corners; group of adj. trifling; unimportant; insignificant; minor
three
Forms: plural: triangles

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
trouble
trouble120.
119.
trouble trouble
n. problem; misfortune; annoyance; cause of worry v. to worry; to cause concern; to annoy; to bother; to
disturb
Forms: plural: troubles Forms: troubled; troubled; troubling

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
trust
truly122.
121.
truly trust
adv. really; genuinely n. confidence; faith; credit; monopoly; several companies
banded together in order to reduce competition
Forms: plural: trusts

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
trustee
trust124.
123.
trust trustee
v. to rely on; to extend business credit n. person granted legal custodianship over property not
belonging to him
Forms: trusted; trusted; trusting Forms: plural: trustees

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
turnover
trustee126.
125.
trustee turnover
v. to grant a person or persons legal custodianship over n. gross revenues; total business done; rate of selling or
property not belonging to them producing
Forms: trusteed; trusteed; trusteeing Forms: plural: turnovers

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
twice
127.
twice
adv. doubly
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

U 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words
unable
ultimately2.
U1.
ultimately unable
adv. in the end; eventually adj. not capable
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
unbiased
unauthorized4.
3.
unauthorized unbiased
adj. unlicensed; forbidden; unlawful adj. impartial; equitable
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
uncertainty
uncertain6.
5.
uncertain uncertainty
adj. doubtful; not reliable; ambiguous n. doubtfulness
Forms: plural: uncertainties

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
undercut
unconventional8.
7.
unconventional undercut
adj. not standard; not ordinary n. type of beef tenderloin; type of cavity with a broad
base
Forms: plural: undercuts

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
underestimate
undercut10.
9.
undercut underestimate
v. to offer at lower prices than the competition; to v. to assign too low a value to
weaken; to undermine
Forms: undercut; undercut; undercutting Forms: underestimated; underestimated; underestimating

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
underline
underline12.
11.
underline underline
n. caption beneath an illustration v. to emphasize
Forms: plural: underlines Forms: underlined; underlined; underlining

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
underway
understatement14.
13.
understatement underway
n. representing something less strongly than what the adj. having begun a journey (especially of a sea vessel);
facts would justify initiated; in progress; under construction
Forms: plural: understatements

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
unforeseen
unfair16.
15.
unfair unforeseen
adj. biased; dishonest adj. not anticipated; not expected
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
unify
unfortunately18.
17.
unfortunately unify
adv. regrettably v. to join; to cause to become one
Forms: unified; unified; unifying

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
unique
union20.
19.
union unique
n. workers' association; federation; amalgamation adj. singular; matchless; rare
Forms: plural: unions

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
unit
uniqueness22.
21.
uniqueness unit
n. singularity; individuality; incomparability n. specific quantity regarded as a standard; combination
which acts a whole; piece
Forms: no plural Forms: plural: units

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
unless
unjudged24.
23.
unjudged unless
adj. objective conj. not before; precluding; barring; except; aside from
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
unlock
unlimited26.
25.
unlimited unlock
adj. infinite; boundless v. to open; to free from restraints; to release
Forms: unlocked; unlocked; unlocking

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
unsanitary
unnecessary28.
27.
unnecessary unsanitary
adj. excessive; redundant; superfluous adj. not healthful; not clean
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
until
unsatisfactory30.
29.
unsatisfactory until
adj. inadequate; disappointing; not good enough prep. up to
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
unveil
until32.
31.
until unveil
conj. up to the time which v. to reveal; to uncover; to disclose
Forms: unveiled; unveiled; unveiling

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
update
upcoming34.
33.
upcoming update
adj. about to happen; imminent n. more current version of something
Forms: plural: updates

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
upgrade
update36.
35.
update upgrade
v. to modernize; to make current n. the process of installing a newer and more powerful
version of a software package or a piece of hardware
Forms: updated; updated; updating Forms: plural: upgrades

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
upholstery
upgrade38.
37.
upgrade upholstery
v. to improve; to raise the quality of n. materials that are used to cushion and cover furniture
(i.e. fabric, lining, padding, etc.)
Forms: upgraded; upgraded; upgrading Forms: plural: upholsteries

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
upwards
upon40.
39.
upon upwards
prep. on; atop adv. to a higher level; more than; higher than
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
urbanize
urban42.
41.
urban urbanize
adj. pertaining to a city; municipal v. to make into a city
Forms: urbanized; urbanized; urbanizing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
use
urgent44.
43.
urgent use
adj. pressing; compelling; immediate; prompt n. function; utilization; benefit; advantage; consumption
Forms: plural: uses

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
useful
use46.
45.
use useful
v. to practice; to employ; to exploit; to treat; to consume adj. functional; practical; applicable
Forms: used; used; using

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
usual
useless48.
47.
useless usual
adj. not functional; not practical adj. common; regular; ordinary
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
utilization
usually50.
49.
usually utilization
adv. commonly; generally; regularly n. the proportion of available time that an item of
equipment is operating
Forms: plural: utilizations

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
utilize
51.
utilize
v. to put to practical use; to take advantage of
Forms: utilized; utilized; utilizing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

V 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words
vacant
vacancy2.
V1.
vacancy vacant
n. emptiness; available position; job opening adj. empty; unfilled; unoccupied; lacking expression
Forms: plural: vacancies

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
vacation
vacation4.
3.
vacation vacation
n. holiday v. to go on holiday
Forms: plural: vacations Forms: vacationed; vacationed; vacationing

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
vaccination
vaccinate6.
5.
vaccinate vaccination
v. to render insusceptible to a disease by inoculating n. act or instance of rendering insusceptible to disease by
inoculating
Forms: vaccinated; vaccinated; vaccinating Forms: plural: vaccinations

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
valid
vacillate8.
7.
vacillate valid
v. to fluctuate; to hesitate; to waver adj. legitimate; legally acceptable; not expired; logical;
well-founded
Forms: vacillated; vacillated; vacillating

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
valuable
validate10.
9.
validate valuable
v. to confirm; to sanction; to legalize n. something of great worth
Forms: validated; validated; validating Forms: plural: valuables

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
value
valuable12.
11.
valuable value
adj. of great worth; costly; cherished; dear; important n. monetary or material worth; importance; merit
Forms: plural: values

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
van
value14.
13.
value van
v. to esteem; to cherish; to assess; to estimate n. large closed vehicle used for transporting goods or
people
Forms: valued; valued; valuing Forms: plural: vans

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
variety
variation16.
15.
variation variety
n. degree of diversity; change; modified version; deviation n. assortment; kind; sort
Forms: plural: variations Forms: plural: varieties

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
vary
various18.
17.
various vary
adj. assorted; different; individual; several v. to alter; to change; to fluctuate
Forms: varied; varied; varying

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
vat
vast20.
19.
vast vat
adj. large; enormous; huge n. large container; tank; tub
Forms: plural: vats

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
vegetarian
vegetable22.
21.
vegetable vegetarian
n. plant; edible fruit of a plant n. one who does not eat meat; herbivore
Forms: plural: vegetables Forms: plural: vegetarians

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
veil
vehicle24.
23.
vehicle veil
n. means of transport (car, bus, etc.); instrument; means; n. netting attached to a woman's hat
medium
Forms: plural: vehicles Forms: plural: veils

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
machine
vending
veil26.
25.
veil vending machine
v. to cover; to hide n. automated device used for selling items
Forms: veiled; veiled; veiling Forms: plural: vending machines

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
venture
vendor28.
27.
vendor venture
n. salesman; supplier; automatic machine for selling n. an undertaking that is dangerous, daring, or of
goods uncertain outcome
Forms: plural: vendors Forms: plural: ventures

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
veracity
venture30.
29.
venture veracity
v. to take a risk in order to achieve a goal n. truthfulness; something that is a truth
Forms: ventured; ventured; venturing Forms: no plural

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
versatile
verify32.
31.
verify versatile
v. to confirm the truth of something adj. fulfilling many functions; multi-purpose; skilled to do
many things
Forms: verified; verified; verifying

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
vessel
version34.
33.
version vessel
n. particular form of something; variant; rendering; n. large craft made for navigation on water; boat; ship;
translation container
Forms: plural: versions Forms: plural: vessels

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victim
viable36.
35.
viable victim
adj. capable of living; having a reasonable chance of n. person who falls prey (to an attack, deception, etc.)
succeeding; practical
Forms: plural: victims

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vilify
viewpoint38.
37.
viewpoint vilify
n. attitude; stance; opinion v. to slander; to defame
Forms: plural: viewpoints Forms: vilified; vilified; vilifying

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virtual
violation40.
39.
violation virtual
n. transgression; desecration; attack or disruption; rape adj. imaginary; hypothetical; computer simulated
Forms: plural: violations

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visibility
virtual42.
41.
virtual visibility
n. computerized representation of an actual object n. quality of being clearly seen
Forms: no plural Forms: plural: visibilities

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visit
visible44.
43.
visible visit
adj. in view; observable; obvious; apparent n. temporary stay somewhere; instance of spending time
with a person or group of people; inspection
Forms: plural: visits

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visitor
visit46.
45.
visit visitor
v. to stay somewhere temporarily; to make an official n. guest; migrating bird
inspection
Forms: visited; visited; visiting Forms: plural: visitors

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vivid
vital48.
47.
vital vivid
adj. lively; vigorous; crucial; critical; necessary adj. lively; bright; dazzling; clear; graphic
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voice
vocabulary50.
49.
vocabulary voice
n. lexicon; list of words and their definitions in n. sound produced in the throat; expression; language
alphabetical order
Forms: plural: vocabularies Forms: plural: voices

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volunteer
voice52.
51.
voice volunteer
v. to raise an opinion; to adjust the tone of n. one who offers his services of his own free will or
without pay
Forms: voiced; voiced; voicing Forms: plural: volunteers

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voucher
volunteer54.
53.
volunteer voucher
v. to offer to do or give something for free; to propose n. certificate that bears monetary value; coupon; receipt;
authorizer; endorser
Forms: volunteered; volunteered; volunteering Forms: plural: vouchers

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voyage
voyage56.
55.
voyage voyage
n. trip; journey; travel; cruise v. to take a cruise; to travel; to make a journey
Forms: plural: voyages Forms: voyaged; voyaged; voyaging

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W 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words
wait
wait2.
W1.
wait wait
n. staying where one is; expectation; ambush v. to be ready or available; to work as an attendant; to
postpone
Forms: plural: waits Forms: waited; waited; waiting

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waitress
waiter4.
3.
waiter waitress
n. one who serves tables at a restaurant or pub n. woman who serves tables in a restaurant or pub
Forms: plural: waiters Forms: plural: waitresses

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wallpaper
wallet6.
5.
wallet wallpaper
n. small purse used to carry money and personal n. picture or design used as a background for the other
documents; billfold; handbag images in a graphical user interface
Forms: plural: wallets Forms: plural: wallpapers

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warehouse
warehouse8.
7.
warehouse warehouse
n. depot; wholesale store; large retail store v. to store in a large building
Forms: plural: warehouses Forms: warehoused; warehoused; warehousing

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warning
warning10.
9.
warning warning
n. caution; advice about danger; advance notice adj. cautioning; giving advice about danger
Forms: plural: warnings

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waste
warranty12.
11.
warranty waste
n. guarantee; authority; justification n. misuse; loss; rubbish; garbage; sewage
Forms: plural: warranties Forms: plural: wastes

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watch
waste14.
13.
waste watch
adj. leftover; unused; desolate; desert; destroyed n. small clock that is usually worn on the wrist; guarding;
observation
Forms: plural: watches

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waver
watch16.
15.
watch waver
v. to see; to look; to pay attention; to supervise v. to sway; to oscillate; to vacillate; to fluctuate
Forms: watched; watched; watching Forms: wavered; wavered; wavering

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weakness
weak18.
17.
weak weakness
adj. frail; feeble; faint; dilute; watery n. drawback; disadvantage; defect; foible
Forms: plural: weaknesses

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weapon
wealth20.
19.
wealth weapon
n. richness; prosperity; capital; fortune; abundance n. instrument for use in attack or defense in combat
Forms: no plural Forms: plural: weapons

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weight
weigh22.
21.
weigh weight
v. to consider; to be of a particular heaviness; to burden n. heaviness; unit of mass; pressure; importance;
influence
Forms: weighed; weighed; weighing Forms: plural: weights

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whereas
weight24.
23.
weight whereas
v. to load; to oppress; to burden; to regard; to esteem n. this being the case; since (used in formal documents)
Forms: weighted; weighted; weighting Forms: no plural

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whether
whereas26.
25.
whereas whether
conj. since; inasmuch as; while; while on the contrary conj. if
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whole
whole28.
27.
whole whole
n. totality; completeness; entirety adj. complete; full; entire; healthy
Forms: plural: wholes

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width
widespread30.
29.
widespread width
adj. common; popular; extensive; prevalent n. breadth; thickness
Forms: plural: widths

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will
will32.
31.
will will
n. last testament listing inheritors of a dying person's v. to want; to command; to determine; to decide
property
Forms: plural: wills Forms: willed; willed; willing

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wire
willingness34.
33.
willingness wire
n. readiness; agreeableness n. cord; line; string; telegraph cable
Forms: no plural Forms: plural: wires

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withdraw
wire36.
35.
wire withdraw
adj. made of a thin flexible cord of metal v. to take money from the bank; to retire; to remove
Forms: withdrew; withdrawn; withdrawing

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withstand
within38.
37.
within withstand
prep. during v. to bear; to endure
Forms: withstood; withstood; withstanding

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witness
witness40.
39.
witness witness
n. testifier; onlooker; bystander; testimony v. to look on; to see; to observe; to testify; to vouch for
Forms: plural: witnesses Forms: witnessed; witnessed; witnessing

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work
wool42.
41.
wool work
n. fleece from some animals; frizzy hair n. labor; task; profession; occupation; vocation; effort
Forms: plural: wools Forms: plural: works

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workshop
work44.
43.
work workshop
v. to labor; to act; to operate; to activate; to process n. seminar; brief intensive educational program;
discussion group
Forms: worked; worked; working Forms: plural: workshops

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worry
worry46.
45.
worry worry
n. concern; fear; misfortune; distress v. to be concerned; to harass; to advance through great
effort
Forms: plural: worries Forms: worried; worried; worrying

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wrench
would48.
47.
would wrench
v. helping verb for use in a question; request or n. violent twist; violent ripping; tool for gripping or turning
expression of desire bolts
Forms: modal verb Forms: plural: wrenches

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off
write
wrench50.
49.
wrench write off
v. to pull by force; to twist; to cut off; to distort; to pervert v. to disregard an outstanding debt (as of a customer)
Forms: wrenched; wrenched; wrenching Forms: wrote off; written off; writing off
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wrong
wrong52.
51.
wrong wrong
n. injustice; evil; bad; broken law; transgression v. to cause suffering to; to behave unjustly toward
Forms: plural: wrongs Forms: wronged; wronged; wronging

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wry
53.
wry
adj. distorted; crooked; twisted; askew
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Y 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words
yearly
yearly2.
Y1.
yearly yearly
adj. occurring once within 12 months adv. annually
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yet
yet4.
3.
yet yet
adv. still; already; but; in spite of; although conj. but; in spite of; despite
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yield
yield6.
5.
yield yield
n. harvest; return; produce; income; profit v. to produce; to supply; to bear (profit, harvest, fruit, etc.)
Forms: plural: yields Forms: yielded; yielded; yielding

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Z 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words
ZIP
Z1.
ZIP
n. extension of an archived file compressed with a special
program; type of drive using removable disks
Forms: no plural
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A 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words

Forms: any other business Forms: America Online

Forms: plural: abbreviations Forms: abided; abided; abiding

Forms: plural: abilities

Forms: abolished; abolished; abolishing Forms: abounded; abounded; abounding

Forms: absorbed; absorbed; absorbing

Forms: abused; abused; abusing

Forms: no plural Forms: accelerated; accelerated; accelerating

Forms: plural: accelerators Forms: accepted; accepted; accepting

Forms: no plural Forms: accessed; accessed; accessing

Forms: no plural Forms: plural: accidents

Forms: accommodated; accommodated; accommodating Forms: no plural

Forms: accompanied; accompanied; accompanying Forms: accomplished; accomplished; accomplishing

Forms: plural: accomplishments Forms: accorded; accorded; according

Forms: no plural Forms: no plural

Forms: accounted; accounted; accounting Forms: plural: accounts

Forms: plural: accountants Forms: no plural

Forms: accredited; accredited; accrediting Forms: accrued; accrued; accruing

Forms: no plural Forms: achieved; achieved; achieving

Forms: plural: achievements Forms: acquainted; acquainted; acquainting

Forms: plural: acquaintances

Forms: acquired; acquired; acquiring Forms: plural: acquisitions

Forms: plural: acronyms

Forms: plural: ads

Forms: plural: adamants

Forms: adapted; adapted; adapting Forms: plural: addictions

Forms: plural: additions

Forms: plural: additives Forms: addressed; addressed; addressing

Forms: plural: addresses

Forms: plural: adepts

Forms: adhered; adhered; adhering Forms: adjourned; adjourned; adjourning

Forms: adjusted; adjusted; adjusting Forms: plural: adjustable rates

Forms: plural: adjustments Forms: administered; administered; administering

Forms: plural: administrations

Forms: no plural Forms: admitted; admitted; admitting

Forms: admonished; admonished; admonishing Forms: no plural

Forms: adopted; adopted; adopting Forms: adorned; adorned; adorning

Forms: plural: adults

Forms: plural: advances Forms: advanced; advanced; advancing

Forms: plural: advancements Forms: plural: advantages

Forms: advantaged; advantaged; advantaging Forms: plural: adverse opinions

Forms: plural: adversities

Forms: adverted; adverted; adverting Forms: plural: adverts

Forms: advertised; advertised; advertising Forms: plural: advertisements

Forms: no plural Forms: advised; advised; advising

Forms: plural: affiliates Forms: affiliated; affiliated; affiliating

Forms: plural: affiliations Forms: plural: affinities

Forms: afforded; afforded; affording Forms: plural: ages

Forms: aged; aged; aging Forms: plural: agencies

Forms: plural: agendas Forms: plural: agents

Forms: aggregated; aggregated; aggregating

aggregate aging schedule

Forms: plural: aggregates Forms: plural: aging schedules

Forms: agreed; agreed; agreeing Forms: plural: agreements

Forms: aided; aided; aiding

Forms: plural: aids Forms: plural: aims

Forms: aimed; aimed; aiming Forms: no plural

Forms: plural: airports Forms: no plural

Forms: plural: aisles

Forms: plural: alerts Forms: alerted; alerted; alerting

Forms: allayed; allayed; allaying

Forms: alleviated; alleviated; alleviating Forms: plural: alliances

Forms: allotted; allotted; allotting Forms: allowed; allowed; allowing