MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE

Mechanics: The study of the relationship among force, matter and motion.
Kinematics: Enables us to describe motion or how objects move
Dynamics: Which relates motion to its cause or Why object move
Point object or Point Particle: If the size of the object less than the distance
travelled by the object then the object treated as Point object or Point Particle.
Basic definition:
1) Position and Position vector:
In Cartesian co-ordinate system position of any point (say A) is represented
by its co-ordinates (XA, YA,ZA) w.r.t origin O
Position vector of Point A w.r.t O
⃗⃗⃗ =⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ̂+ ⃗⃗⃗ ̂+⃗⃗⃗⃗ ̂
Suppose co-ordinates of two points A and B are known to us and we want
to find position vector of ⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = ⃗⃗⃗ -⃗⃗⃗ =( ̂+ ̂+ ̂

2) Distance and Displacement:

Distance: The actual path travelled by an object.
Displacement: It is the change in position of an
object or how far the object is from its starting
point or final position – initial position
If a particle moves from A to C through a path ABC,
then distance (ΔS)
travelled is the actual path length ABC , while
displacement is ⃗⃗⃗⃗ =⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗
If a particle moves in a straight line without change in direction, the
magnitude of displacement is equal to the distance travelled, otherwise it is
always less than it, | | distance
3) Average speed and Average velocity
Average speed: total distance travelled along its path divided by the time it
takes to travel this distance.
Average velocity: displacement upon time is called average velocity.
Average speed, = =
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
Average velocity , ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = =
4) Instantaneous speed and Instantaneous velocity:
Average speed or average velocity over an infinitesimally short time
interval
Vinst= =
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = =
5) Average and Instantaneous acceleration:
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
Average acceleration, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = =
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
Instantaneous acceleration, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = = =