UNIVERSITY of ARCHITECTURE, CIVIL ENGINEERING and GEODESY 1

SEISMIC RESISTANT DESIGN of STRUCTURES

Zdravko Bonev
UNIVERSITY of ARCHITECTURE, CIVIL ENGINEERING and GEODESY 2

LECTURE 4:
4

CAPACITY SPECTRUM METHOD –

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND and
PRACTICAL APPLICATION
 UNIVERSITY of ARCHITECTURE, CIVIL ENGINEERING and GEODESY 3

1. SIMPLE SINGLE STOREY STRUCTURES – PORTAL FRAME

Loading pattern for

vertical static
pushover case

Loading pattern for

horizontal static
pushover case
 UNIVERSITY of ARCHITECTURE, CIVIL ENGINEERING and GEODESY 4

Transferred and relative motions due to seismic strong motion

ground acceleration
..
ut
.. ..
ug u

..
ug

mu  + V = -mug Basic equation of the motion

t = u
u  + u
g Total horizontal motion of the masses

t
V = -mu Basic equation in total accelerations
 UNIVERSITY of ARCHITECTURE, CIVIL ENGINEERING and GEODESY 5

Base Shear Force V – Basic global behaviour curve related

Roof displacement u to ESDOF system

 t max,el
V max,el = m u Peak value of base shear force

m Period of ESDOF system, m – mass

T = 2π of ESDOF system, k – initial
k (elastic) stiffness of ESDOF system

V max,el = mSe ( T ) Basic equation of the motion

Basic equation of completely elastic

ω utarget = Se
2
system which defines the ELASTIC
PERFORMANCE POINT
 UNIVERSITY of ARCHITECTURE, CIVIL ENGINEERING and GEODESY 6

CSM method applied to simple portal frame

Elastic Performance Point

Target displacement
 UNIVERSITY of ARCHITECTURE, CIVIL ENGINEERING and GEODESY 7

2. CSM based on V-u capacity curve for MDOF systems

(SAP 2000, ETABS, UBC, ATC-40)
 UNIVERSITY of ARCHITECTURE, CIVIL ENGINEERING and GEODESY 8
Taking into Account Plastic Mechanisms

1.0
1.0

1.0
0.75

{Φ} 0.667 {Φ}

0.5

θ θ
0.25 0.333

Global mechanism Three storey mechanism

1.0
1.0

1.0 1.0

1.0 {Φ}
1.0 {Φ}

θ
1.0
θ 0.5

Two storey mechanism Soft first storey mechanism

 UNIVERSITY of ARCHITECTURE, CIVIL ENGINEERING and GEODESY 9

ESDOF parameters determination

[ m]{u} + { f } = − [ m]{1} ug governing system of equations

{u ( t )} = {Φ } u ( t ) ESDOF system transformation

[ m]{Φ } u + { f } = − [ m]{1} ug transform the original MDOF

system into ESDOF system

{1} [ m ]{Φ } u + {1} { f } = − {1} [ m ]{1} ug

T T T
 UNIVERSITY of ARCHITECTURE, CIVIL ENGINEERING and GEODESY 10

ESDOF parameters determination

m = {1} [ m]{Φ } = ∑ mi Φ i
* T
mass of ESDOF system
i

V = {1} {f}
T
base shear force

{1} [ m ]{1} = ∑ mi = m
T
total mass of the structure
i

u
V equation of ESDOF system
+ = −ug
Γ m
m modification factor
Γ = *
m
 UNIVERSITY of ARCHITECTURE, CIVIL ENGINEERING and GEODESY 11
ESDOF parameters determination

V
= Γ Sd S d design spectrum for accelerations
m
Γ ≈ 2.0 considering global plastic mechanism

ESDOF system parameters

UNIVERSITY of ARCHITECTURE, CIVIL ENGINEERING and GEODESY 12

CSM cases – low period structures

 UNIVERSITY of ARCHITECTURE, CIVIL ENGINEERING and GEODESY 13

CSM cases – medium and large period structures

UNIVERSITY of ARCHITECTURE, CIVIL ENGINEERING and GEODESY 14

3 storey R/C frame

 UNIVERSITY of ARCHITECTURE, CIVIL ENGINEERING and GEODESY 15
3. CSM based on generalized ESDOF system (EC8)

ESDOF parameters determination

[ m]{u} + { f } = − [ m]{1} ug governing system of equations

{u ( t )} = {Φ } u ( t ) ESDOF system transformation

[ m]{Φ } u + { f } = − [ m]{1} ug transform the original MDOF

system into ESDOF system

{Φ } [ m ]{Φ } u + {Φ } { f } = − {Φ } [ m]{1} ug

T T T
 UNIVERSITY of ARCHITECTURE, CIVIL ENGINEERING and GEODESY 16

ESDOF parameters determination

m = {Φ } [ m]{1} = ∑ mi Φ i
* T
mass of ESDOF system
i

f = {Φ }
∗
{f}
T
generalized force

{Φ } [ m]{Φ } = ∑ miΦ i2 = mˆ
T
modified mass of the system
i

u f ∗ equation of ESDOF system

+ ∗ = −ug
Γˆ m
∗ modification factor
m
Γˆ =
m̂
 UNIVERSITY of ARCHITECTURE, CIVIL ENGINEERING and GEODESY 17

ESDOF parameters determination

S d design spectrum for accelerations
f∗ ˆ ESDOF system parameters
∗
= Γ Sd
m
new modification factor
∑ mΦ i i
Γˆ = i

∑ mΦ
i
i i
2

Connection between V-u capacity curve and generalized capacity curve

∗ V
f =
Γ̂
UNIVERSITY of ARCHITECTURE, CIVIL ENGINEERING and GEODESY 18

CSM cases – low period structures

 UNIVERSITY of ARCHITECTURE, CIVIL ENGINEERING and GEODESY 19

CSM cases – medium and large period structures

 UNIVERSITY of ARCHITECTURE, CIVIL ENGINEERING and GEODESY 20
GENERAL RULES for CALCULATION of CAPACITY SPECTRA

CAPACITY CURVE

V / m – u* formulation f* / m* – u* formulation
 UNIVERSITY of ARCHITECTURE, CIVIL ENGINEERING and GEODESY 21

V / m – u* formulation f* / m* – u* formulation

m
Γ = * =
m ∑ mΦi i
m∗
Γˆ = =
∑ mi Φ i
i
m
i
∑ mΦ
i
i i
2
∑ i i
i
m Φ 2

u* - generalized displacement u* - generalized displacement

m* - mass of ESDOF system m* - mass of ESDOF system

 UNIVERSITY of ARCHITECTURE, CIVIL ENGINEERING and GEODESY 22
2 storey four bays
steel frame with semi-
rigid beam-to-column
connections

Pedro Nogueiro

Rita Bento

Luís Simões da Silva

UNIVERSITY of ARCHITECTURE, CIVIL ENGINEERING and GEODESY 23

CAPACITY SPECTRUM – UNIFORM PATTERN

UNIVERSITY of ARCHITECTURE, CIVIL ENGINEERING and GEODESY 24

CAPACITY SPECTRUM – FIRST MODE PATTERN