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-١ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺬﺑﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ:ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﮐﻢ ،ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ، CFCﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ
ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﮔﺮﺩﺷﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﮎ ،ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺻﺪﺍ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺵ ،ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ،ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ
ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺴﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﮐﺎﺭ
ﻭﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻳﮑﻲ ،ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ
ﺗﺮﺍﮐﻤﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ .ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ
ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺮﺍﮐﻤﻲ ،ﻭ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺧﻼ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ،ﻣﻲ
ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .
-٢ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺟﺬﺑﻲ)ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ(ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ
ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻳﮏ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺮﺍﮐﻤﻲ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ،ﺍﻣﺎ ﻧﮑﺘﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ
ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻣﻲ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ
ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻳﮑﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻥ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻳﮑﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ،
ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ .
-٣ﺩﺭﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩ ﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻟﻴﺘﻴﻮﻡ ﺑﺮﻭﻣﺎﻳﺪ ﺟﺎﺫﺏ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽ
ﺷﻮﺩ .ﻣﺰﻳﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﻴﺘﻴﻮﻡ ﺑﺮﻭﻣﺎﻳﺪ -ﺁﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺏ -ﺍﻣﻮﻧﻴﺎﮎ ،ﻏﻴﺮ ﻓﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻟﻴﺘﻴﻮﻡ ﺑﺮﻭﻣﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ
ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺑﺎﻻﯼ ﺁﺏ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺟﺎﺫﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺳﻤﯽ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ
ﺁﻣﻮﻧﻴﺎﮎ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﻴﮑﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺟﺬﺑﻲ ﻟﻴﺘﻴﻮﻡ
ﺑﺮﻭﻣﺎﻳﺪ -ﺁﺏ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺰﻳﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﻛﺮﻳﺴﺘﺎﻟﻴﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻟﻴﺘﻴﻮﻡ ﺑﺮﻭﻣﺎﻳﺪﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ
ﮐﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ
ﺷﻮﺩ .ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻟﻴﺘﻴﻮﻡ ﺑﺮﻭﻣﺎﻳﺪ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ
ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻣﺘﺒﻠﻮﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻴﻌﺎﻥ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.ﺍﺯﺩﻻﻳﻞ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻛﺮﻳﺴﺘﺎﻟﻴﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ،ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ
ﻧﺎﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﯼ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ ،ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺁﺏ ﺳﺮﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ،ﻭ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ
ﻟﻴﺘﻴﻮﻡ ﺑﺮﻭﻣﺎﻳﺪ .ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﭼﻴﻠﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺬﺑﻲ ﻟﻴﺘﻴﻮﻡ ﺑﺮﻭﻣﺎﻳﺪ -ﺁﺏ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ
ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺁﺏ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ٧ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﮔﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺯﻳﺮﺻﻔﺮ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺍﺯ
ﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯼ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﻳﮏ ﺳﻴﮑﻞ )ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ( ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯼ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ )ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ(
ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺑﻴﻦ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ
ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﻭ ﺳﻪ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻜﻤﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﻱ
ﺑﺎﻻﯼ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺳﻪ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ،ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﻪ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﻣﻘﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﻧﻤﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ .ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﮏ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ
ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺰﻳﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺸﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ٨٠ﺗﺎ ٩٠ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ
ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﯽ ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﺗﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻮﭼﮑﺘﺮ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮓ
ﺁﺏ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮓ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻧﺪﺍﺭﻳﻢ ،ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﮏ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ
ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯼ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ .
-٥ﭼﻴﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺷﻌﻠﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ،ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ
ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻭ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﮓ ﺍﺏ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ
ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺭﺍ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻨﺪ .ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻏﻨﯽ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﯽ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﺎ ،ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎ
ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ .
-٦ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻣﻮ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﮑﯽ ،ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺧﻄﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ
ﺍﻧﺪﮐﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺩﻗﻴﻖﺗﺮ ،ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻋﺪﺩﯼ ﻭ
ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻗﻴﻖﺗﺮ ﻭ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩﺗﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﭘﻴﺶﻧﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ .
-٧ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﭼﻴﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺩﺭ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ،ﺍﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ
ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﻴﻠﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﻣﻴﻨﯽ ﭼﻴﻠﺮﻫﺎ( .ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ
ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺛﻘﻠﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭﺑﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ .ﻭ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ
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ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ .ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺷﻌﻠﻪ
ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ،ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺳﻴﮑﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻭﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﻭ ﺳﻪﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮐﻪ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯼ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺕ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ
ﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﻓﻌﻠﯽ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ،ﺧﻨﮏ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺎﺫﺏ ﻭ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﺍ ،ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﺍﺛﺮ
ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ،ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﻴﻠﺮﻫﺎ ،ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ
ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺁﺗﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﭼﻴﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻢ.
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