1st LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

the total energy of a system,including its surrounding remains constant

within the total system, energy is neither lost nor gained during any
change

however, energy maybe transferred from one part of system to another

maybe transformed into another form of energy

Chemical energy can be transferred into four in living systems

1-heat 2-electrical 3-radiant 4-mechanical

2nd LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

total entropy of a system must increase if a process is to occur

spontaneously

ENTROPY is the extent of disorder or randomness of the system

becomes maximum as equilibrium is approached

under condition of constant tempereature and pressure, relationship is

expressed by the following conditions

/\G=/\H-T/\S

In biochemical reactions since/\H is the total change in the internal

energy of the reaction or/\E

above relation may be expressed as /\G=/\E-T/\S

IF /\G IS __ REACTION PROCEEDS

(-) with loss of energy exergonic, in addition

(great magnitude) completion and irreversible

(+) if free energy is gained endergonic, in addition

(great magnitude) the system is stable with little or no tendency for a

reaction

(0) system is at equilibrium and no net changes takes place

bioenergetics/biochemical thermodynamics- study of energy changes

accompanying biochemical reaction

biologic systems isothermic - use chemiscal energy to power living processes

when available energy reserves depleted death occurs from [starvation]

malnutrition forms are related with energy imbalance [marasmus]

rate of energy release [metabolic rate] is controlled by (thyroid hormone) disease results if they
(malfunction)

[obesity] excess storage of surplus energy. It predispose to many disease which includes CVD, diabeties
mellitus type 2, km zindagi bhi

GIBBS CHANGE in FREE ENERGY is the useful energy in a system also known as [chemical potential]

total energy in a system that is available for doing work