Central Mindanano University

University Town, Musuan, Maramag, Bukidnon

CROSS-COUNTRY COMPARISON OF
DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS

Submitted by:

Ma. Rhona Mee P. Basong

Submitted to:

Karen Debbie J. Cosrojas

December 10, 2018

Movements of the GDP per Capita in a Developed and Developing countries
Countries from America, Europe, Australia and Asia are the variable of this
comparison. Table 1 below shows the movement in the GDP per capita of some developed
and developing countries in the globe. GDP per capita is measured from the country’s
economic output that accounts for its number of people. It divides the country’s gross
domestic product by its total population. The measurement below is from the International
Monetary Fund (IMF) data from year 2010 to 2018 based on US dollars per capita.

GDP Per Capita, Current prices

$80,000.000

$70,000.000

$60,000.000

$50,000.000

$40,000.000

$30,000.000

$20,000.000

$10,000.000

$-
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Russian Federation Denmark Switzerland Canada Australia

Singapore Thailand Malaysia New Zealand Philippines

Based on the graph, Australia, a developed country has the highest average of GDP
per Capita over the past 9 years of $59,339.022. Followed by Denmark and Singapore, still a
developed country, with an average GDP per Capita of $58,620.734 and $55,221.984,
respectively and the order goes on. However, Thailand and Philippines got the lowest GDP
per Capita among the presented countries. This only implies that Thailand and Philippines is
still a developing country.

Table 1. GDP per Capita, current prices

National Estimate of Employment to Population ratio

The graph below shows the employment rate of the population ages from 15 and
above from countries of America, Asia, Europe and Australia. The data is obtained from the
World Bank covering from year 2010 to 2017.
Russian Federation has 62.66% average employment rate, Denmark has 58.74%,
Switzerland has 64.63%, Canada has 61.57%, Australia of 61.48%, Singapore of 64.57%,
Thailand has 70.10%, Malaysia has 64.25%, New Zealand has 64.78% and Philippines got
59.43% average rate from year 2010 to 2017.
Based on the average, Thailand has the highest employment rate among the stated
countries. On the other hand, surprisingly, Denmark placed as the country having the lowest
employment rate.
 Employment Rate(aged 15+)
80.00%
60.00%
40.00%
20.00%
0.00%
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Russia Federation Denmark Switzerland

Canada Australia Singapore
Thailand Malaysia New Zealand
Philippines
Table 2 Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%)(national estimate)
Shift
in Unemployment Rate among European, Australian and Asian Countries
The graph below shows the national estimate of total labour force of unemployment
rate of 10 different countries of Asia, America, Europe, and Australia. The data shown below
are from the year 2010-2017 gathered from World Bank Organization.
8.0

6.0 Russia Federation

Denmark
Switzerland
4.0 Canada
Australia
Singapore
2.0 Thailand
Malaysia
New Zealand
0.0 Philippines
201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201

Unemployment Rate

Table 3 Unemployment Rate, total (% of total labor force)(national estimate)

 For the past 8 years, the country of Thailand have the lowest average rate of
unemployed individuals of only 0.63%. While the country which composes the highest
unemployed individuals is Canada of over 7.21% average of its country’s labour force. The
results proves that even in a developed country, not employed citizens is also available and
does not mean that developing countries will always have more unemployed than the
developed one. Majority of the developed countries on the graph have more unemployed
ratings than of the developing countries.

Expected Life Span at birth in a Developed and Developing Country

The data in the graph shows the life expectancy at birth of male and female from the
10 selected countries of Asia, Europe, America and Australia. The data shown are from the
World Bank on years 2010 to 2017.
Russian Federation has the average life expectancy of 76 years for female and 65
years for male. Denmark’s life expectancy for male and female are 78 years and 82 years,
respectively. Switzerland has 85 years for female and 81 years for male. While Canadian will
a life expectancy of 84 years for women and 80 years for men. Australia has 84 years for
female and 80 years for male. Singapore has 85 years for female and 80 years for male
citizens. Thailand ranges up to 79 years for women and 71 years for men. Malaysia has 77
years of life expectancy for female and 73 years for male. New Zealand has 83 years for
female and 80 years for male. Lastly, Philippines has an average life expectancy for female
of 72 years and 65 years for male.
Form the average taken, the highest life expectancy for female is 85 years form the
developed country of Singapore and the lowest life expectancy for female is 72 years from
the country of Philippines. Additionally, men from the country of Switzerland got the highest
life expectancy for over 81 years and the country with the lowest expectancy is the
Philippines again with only 65 years of living. With all the average given, Philippines ranked
in the lowest life expectancy for both male and female.
 Life Expectancy
90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

Russia Federation Denmark Switzerland Canada Australia

Singapore Thailand Malaysia New Zealand Philippines
In comparison of the life expectancy between male and female, female is higher than
Table 2Life Expectancy at Birth Rate

male.
Equivalence of a US Dollar per Local Currency Unit (LCU)
The table shows the official exchange rate per year of each country based on their
local currency unit to a US Dollar. According to World Bank, country having an exchange
rate of Local Currency Unit that is near or equal to, is more likely a developed country. While
country having a large discrepancy from its currency unit to a US $1, it could still be a less
developed country.

Exchange Rate (LCU)

70
Russia Federation
60 Denmark
Currency equivalent

50 Switzerland
Canada
40 Australia
30 Singapore
Thailand
20 Malaysia
10 New Zealand
Philippines
0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Year

From the table, we can evaluate that Switzerland is a developed country with an
average of LCU (2010-2017) of 0.96 Swiss Franc per USD. Other developed countries like
Canada have an average exchange rate of 1.13 Canadian Dollar per USD, Australia of 1.15
Australian Dollar per USD, Singapore and New Zealand of 1.32 dollar per USD and
Denmark with 6.01 Danish Krone per USD. On the other hand, developing countries shows
Table 3Official Exchange rate (LCU per US Dollar, period average)
a greater amount of exchange rate in their local currency unit to a US dollar. US $1 is
equivalent to an average of 3.52 Malaysian Ringgit, 32.52 Thai Baht per USD, 43.39
Russian Ruble per USD and PHP 45.46 per USD in average from year 2010-2017.
The value of a Local Currency Unit (LUC) if less if the exchange rate per USD is
higher, while if the value of the LUC is high, then the exchange rate would be lower or equal
to a USD.

Annual Percentage Change on CPI of developed and less developed countries

The table shows the inflation rate of selected countries from America, Europe, Asia
and Australia. Inflation rate is a measurement inflation, the rate of increase of price index (in
this case: consumer price index). It is the percentage rate of change in process level over
time. The rate of decrease in the purchasing power of money is approximately equal. The
data below were obtained from International Monetary Fund (IMF).
The Russian Federation having the highest inflation rate from 2010 up to 2017 with
6.9% on 2010, 8.4% on 2011, 5.1% on 2012, 6.8% on 2013, 7.8% on 2014, 15.5% on 2015,
7.1% on 2016, and 3.7% on 2017 with an average inflation rate of 7.12. Therefore, the
Russian Federation has always have a great changes in their price which means that the
value of their money is low when inflation happens especially during the time of 2015 where
a sudden sharp increase of inflation rate.
Switzerland is the country that has the lowest inflation rate that for some years it
even deflates. On 2010, it has 0.7 inflation rate, 0.2 on 2011, it deflates in 2012 and 2013 of
-0.7 and -0.2, respectively. There was no movement during 2014 and in 2015 it deflate to
-1.1, same with 2016 to -0.4 and it inflates on 2017 with 0.5. Therefore, in this country there
is only a little change in the price.

Inflation Rate, Average Consumer Prices

16
Russian Federation
14 Denmark
12 Switzerland
Percent change in CPI

Canada
10
Australia
8 Singapore
6 Thailand
Malaysia
4 New Zealand
2 Philippines

0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
-2

Table 4 Inflation rate, average consumer prices (annual percent change)

Comparison of Human Development Index

The graph below shows the Human Development Index (HDI) of 10 selected countries from
Australia, America, Europe and Asia. Human Development Index is a summary measure of average
achievement in key dimensions of human development; along and healthy life being knowledgeable
and have a decent standard of living.
 The country having the 1
highest Average HD from 2010 0.9
to 2017 is Switzerland with Russian
0.8 Federation
0.94% which means that this Denmark
0.7
country is successful in terms Switzerlan
0.6 d
of the said key dimensions.
Next in the rank is Australia 0.5 Canada

0.93%, Denmark and Singapore 0.4 Australia

Singapore
with 0.92%, Canada and New 0.3
Thailand
Zealand with 0.91%, Russian 0.2
Malaysia
federation of 0.80%, Malaysia 0.1
New
with 0.79%, Thailand with 0 Zealand
0.74% and lastly Philippines 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Philippines
with 0.68%. Having Philippines Human Development Index
as the lowest can be concluded
from one key dimension, healthy life, which include life expectancy, because Philippines has the
lowest out of it.

References
GDP per capita
https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPDPC@WEO/OEMDC/ADVEC/WEOWORLD?
year=2009

EXCHANGE RATE
https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF?end=2016&start=2012&year_low_desc=false

Human development Index (HDI)

http://hdr.undp.org/en/data
http://hdr.undp.org/en/composite/trends
https://www.google.com/search?authuser=0&hl=en-
GB&biw=360&bih=274&ei=YT8NXKDeJ8eF8wWT2IbYAw&q=human+development+index&oq=huma
n+developmen&gs_l=mobile-gws-wiz-
serp.1.2.0l3j0i20i263j0.926350.938329..940039...6.0..1.271.2952.0j19j1....3..0....1.......5..46j35i39j0i
67j46i67j0i10.Yxf2oWdFsPs

Life expectancy at birth

https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.FE.IN?view=chart

Unemployment rate
https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.NE.ZS

Employment rate
https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.EMP.TOTL.SP.MA.NE.ZS?view=chart
Inflation rate
https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/PCPIPCH@WEO/OEMDC?year=2018
https://www.google.com/search?authuser=0&hl=en-
GB&biw=360&bih=274&ei=0T4NXP7RPNjM8wXKp57ICw&q=currency+of+thailand&oq=currency+of
+th&gs_l=mobile-gws-wiz-
serp.1.0.35i39j0l4.137647.140470..141569...1.0..0.178.1438.0j11....3..0....1.........0i71j0i20i263j0i67.c
OAzOD2kUYQ