‫‪2‬ﺗﺮ ھﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ‬

‫اﻟﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎوب‬ ‫اﻟﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫إﺳﻢ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ‪ *-‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎت ……‪U =Ux+Uy = ÖU2x+U2y U = U1+U2+U3+‬‬

‫‪I =Ix+Iy = ÖI2x+I2y‬‬ ‫‪I = I1+I2+I3+…..‬‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺷﻮف ‪ *-‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻌﻘﺪ‬
‫‪Ueff = Z.Ieff‬‬ ‫‪U = R.I‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن أوم‬
‫‪÷çZR÷ç = R‬‬ ‫‪÷ç ZR÷ç = R‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﺎﻧﻌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬
‫‪÷çZC÷ç = 1/Cω‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻃﻌﺔ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ‪÷ç ZC÷ç = ¥‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﺎﻧﻌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻤﻜﺜﻔﺔ‬
‫‪÷çZL÷ç = L.ω‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻃﻌﺔ ﻣﻐﻠﻮﻗﺔ ‪÷ç ZL÷ç = 0‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﺎﻧﻌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺬاﺗﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺮق اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ و اﻟﺘﯿﺎر‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬
‫‪- p/2‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺐ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺜﻔﺔ‬
‫‪p/2‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺬاﺗﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻤﺎﻧﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ‬
‫‪Zéq = ÖZ x +Z y‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Réq = R1+R2+R3+…..‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ‬
‫)‪Zx =Réq , Zy = (ZLéq-ZCéq‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻔﺮع‬

‫اﻹﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺎت‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪S =Ö P + Q‬‬ ‫‪Pa = Pu + Pj‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻣﺤﺮك‬
‫‪S = U.I‬‬ ‫‪Pa = U.I‬‬
‫)‪P = S.Cos(j‬‬ ‫‪Pu = E'.I‬‬
‫)‪Q = S.Sin(j‬‬ ‫‪Pj = rI2‬‬
‫‪Cos(j) = P/S‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﻟﺪ‬
‫‪Sin(j) = Q/S‬‬ ‫‪Pa = E.I‬‬
‫‪tg(j) = Q/P‬‬ ‫‪Pu = U.I‬‬
‫‪Pj = rI2‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻹﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮدود ‪:‬‬
‫‪Cos(j) = P/S‬‬ ‫‪h = Pu/Pa‬‬
‫‪QL = LωI2 = U2/Lω‬‬
‫‪QC = - U2.C.ω = - I2/C.ω‬‬
‫‪QL,C = QL +QC‬‬
‫‪P = RI2 = U2/R‬‬
‫ﻋﻼﻗﺎت اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ‬
‫‪UC = I /Cω‬‬ ‫‪UC = q/C‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺜﻔﺔ )‪(C‬‬
‫)‪ I‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ =< ‪(q = I.t‬‬
‫‪UL= L.ω.I‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺬاﺗﯿﺔ )‪(L‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻔﺔ)‪ (C‬و‬
‫‪UL,C = çUL-Ucç‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬاﺗﯿﺔ)‪(L‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ‬
‫‪UR =R.I‬‬ ‫‪UR = R.I‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ )‪(R‬‬
‫‪Umax =Ueff Ö2‬‬ ‫‪Umax = Ueff‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮات‬

‫ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺔ ﻣﺠﺰء اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ‬

‫ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺔ ﻣﺠﺰء اﻟﺘﯿﺎر‬

‫ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺔ ﺗﯿﻔﻨﺎ ‪ :‬ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ أي ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ إﻟﻰ ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ ﺟﺪا اﻟﺸﻜﻞ)‪.(1‬‬

‫‪ *-‬ﻟﺤﺴﺎب ‪: RTh‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻧﻘﺼﺮ ﻛﻞ اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪات ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻧﻨﺰع اﻟﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻧﺤﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮﻣﻦ ﺟﮭﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ‬
‫)أي أﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﻔﺮض أن اﻟﺘﯿﺎر ﯾﺪﺧﻞ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺟﮭﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ( ‪.‬‬
‫‪ *-‬ﻟﺤﺴﺎب ‪: VTh‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻧﻨﺰع اﻟﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻧﺤﺴﺐ اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﺒﯿﻦ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﻧﺰﻋﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤﺎ اﻟﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺔ ﻧﻮرﺗﻦ ‪ :‬ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ أي ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ إﻟﻰ ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ ﺟﺪا اﻟﺸﻜﻞ)‪.(2‬‬

‫‪ *-‬ﻟﺤﺴﺎب ‪: RN‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻧﻘﺼﺮ ﻛﻞ اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪات ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻧﻨﺰع اﻟﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻧﺤﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮﻣﻦ ﺟﮭﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ‬
‫)أي أﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﻔﺮض أن اﻟﺘﯿﺎر ﯾﺪﺧﻞ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺟﮭﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ( ‪.‬‬
‫‪ *-‬ﻟﺤﺴﺎب ‪: IN‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻧﻘﺼﺮ اﻟﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻧﺤﺴﺐ ﺗﯿﺎر اﻟﺘﻘﺼﯿﺮ‪) ICC‬أي ﻧﺤﺴﺐ اﻟﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻤﺎر ﻓﻲ ﺳﻠﻚ اﻟﺘﻘﺼﯿﺮ(‪.‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
 ‫‪W = P.t = U.I.t = R.I2.t‬‬ ‫‪ *-‬ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬
‫)‪Q = m.C.(DT‬‬ ‫‪ *-‬ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارﯾﺔ‬
‫)‪R.I2.t = m.C.(DT‬‬ ‫‪ *-‬ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫‪ *-‬ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺗﯿﺎر اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻊ ) اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻊ( ‪Ic = β.IB :‬‬
‫‪ *-‬اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ اﻟﮭﺠﻮم )‪ IB = f(VBE‬ھﻲ ‪IB = (VBB – VBE) / RB :‬‬
‫‪ *-‬اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ اﻟﮭﺠﻮم )‪ VBE = f(IB‬ھﻲ ‪VBE = VBB –RB IB :‬‬
‫‪ *-‬اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ اﻟﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ )‪ IC = f(VCE‬ھﻲ ‪IC = (VCC – VCE) / RC :‬‬
‫‪ *-‬اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ اﻟﮭﺠﻮم )‪ VCE = f(IC‬ھﻲ ‪VCE = VCC –RC IC :‬‬
‫‪ *-‬اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ ‪ VBE = 0,7V‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﯿﻠﯿﺴﯿﻮم )‪. (Si‬‬
‫‪ *-‬اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ ‪ VBE = 0,35V‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺮﻣﺎﻧﯿﻮم )‪. (Ge‬‬

‫‪ *-‬اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮاﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎوب ﺛﻼﺛﻲ اﻷﻃﻮار ‪:‬‬

‫)‪V1(t) = V1max .Sin(ωt‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻟﻠﺤﻈﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺗﺮات اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻄﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫)‪V2(t) = V2max .Sin(ωt- 2p/3‬‬
‫)‪V3(t) = V3max .Sin(ωt+ 2p/3‬‬
‫)‪U12 = U12max.Sin(ωt‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻟﻠﺤﻈﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺗﺮات اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫)‪U23 = U23max.Sin(ωt- 2p/3‬‬
‫)‪U31 = U31max.Sin(ωt+ 2p/3‬‬
‫‪*-‬اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ واﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺐ ‪U =V Ö3 :‬‬
‫‪ *-‬اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺘﯿﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﻂ و اﻟﺘﯿﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ : I‬اﻟﺘﯿﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﻂ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ : J‬اﻟﺘﯿﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻺﻗﺮان اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻲ ‪. I = J :‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻺﻗﺮاﻧﺎﻟﻤﺜﻠﺜﻲ ‪. I = JÖ3 :‬‬
‫‪ *-‬ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ اﻟﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻺﻗﺮان اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻲ ‪. Ucharge = V = 220V :‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻺﻗﺮان اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺜﻲ ‪. Ucharge = U = 380V :‬‬
‫‪ *-‬ﻋﻼﻗﺎت اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎوب ‪:‬‬
‫‪p = 3,14 rad‬‬ ‫‪ω = 2pf‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﺾ ‪:‬‬
‫‪f = 1/T‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮدد ‪:‬‬
‫‪T‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪور ‪:‬‬
‫‪-t/t‬‬
‫‪ *-‬اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﻠﺤﻈﯿﺔ ) اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﺰﻣﻨﯿﺔ( ﻟﺸﺤﻦ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻔﺔ ‪. UC(t) = E.(1-e ) :‬‬
‫‪ *-‬اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﻠﺤﻈﯿﺔ ) اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﺰﻣﻨﯿﺔ( ﻟﺘﻔﺮﯾﻎ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻔﺔ ‪. UC(t) = E.e-t/t :‬‬
‫‪ *-‬ﻋﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﺰﻣﻨﻲ ﻟﺸﺤﻦ أو ﻟﺘﻔﺮﯾﻎ ﻣﻜﺜﻔﺔ ‪t = R.C :‬‬

‫‪ *-‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺗﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ω=0‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﺾ ‪:‬‬
‫‪f=0‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮدد ‪:‬‬
‫‪T‬‬ ‫‪¥‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪور ‪:‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻮﺣـــــــــــــــﺪات‬
‫رﻣﺰ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻣﺰ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻢ‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫اﻷوم‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫اﻷوم‬ ‫‪Z‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﺎﻧﻌﺔ‬
‫‪V‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻟﺖ‬ ‫‪U,V , E‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺒﯿﺮ‬ ‫‪I , i‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﯿﺎر‬
‫‪J‬‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻮل‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬
‫‪J‬‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻮل‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارﯾﺔ‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮاط‬ ‫‪Pa‬‬ ‫اﻹﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﺘﺼﺔ‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮاط‬ ‫اﻹﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﯿﺪة )اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ( ‪Pu‬‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮاط‬ ‫‪Pj‬‬ ‫اﻹﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻀﺎﺋﻌﺔ‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮاط‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫اﻹﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ )اﻟﻤﻔﯿﺪة(‬
‫‪V.A‬‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻟﺖ‪.‬أﻣﺒﯿﺮ‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫اﻹﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻈﺎھﺮﯾﺔ‬
‫‪V.A.r‬‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻟﺖ‪.‬أﻣﺒﯿﺮ‪.‬ردي أو) إرﺗﻜﺎﺳﻲ (‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫اﻹﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺮدﯾﺔ‬
‫‪Hz‬‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺮﺗﺰ‬ ‫‪f‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮدد)اﻟﺘﻮاﺗﺮ(‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫‪T‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪور‬
‫‪rad/S‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮادﯾﺎن ‪/‬اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫‪ω‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﺾ‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬
‫‪F‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎراد‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻔﺔ‬
‫‪H‬‬ ‫اﻟﮭﻨﺮي‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬاﺗﯿﺔ‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﺰﻣﻨﻲ‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻟﻮب‬ ‫‪q‬‬ ‫ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ‬
‫‪/‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﯾﺔ ﻟﯿﺲ ﻟﮫ وﺣﺪة‬ ‫‪h‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮدود‬
‫‪/‬‬ ‫ﻟﯿﺴﺖ ﻟﮫ وﺣﺪة‬ ‫)‪Cos(j‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻹﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫‪rad‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮادﯾﺎن‬ ‫‪j‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮق اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ )ﻓﺮق اﻟﻄﻮر(‬
‫‪kg‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﯿﻠﻮﻏﺮام‬ ‫‪m‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ‬
‫‪J/kg.C°‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮل‪/‬اﻟﻜﯿﻠﻮﻏﺮام‪.‬اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﯾﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻨﻮﻋﯿﺔ‬
‫‪C°‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫‪DT‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮق ﻓﻲ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
‫ﻣﻀﺎﻋــــــــــــﻔﺎت اﻟﻮﺣﺪات‬
‫اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻣﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﺎت اﻟﻮﺣﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻣﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﺎت اﻟﻮﺣﺪة‬
‫‪1 = 100‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ رﻣﺰ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة‬ ‫‪1 = 10‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ رﻣﺰ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة‬
‫‪10-3‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﻠﻲ‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﯿﻠﻮ‬
‫‪10-6‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺮو‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪M‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﻐﺎ‬
‫‪10-9‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬
‫‪G‬‬ ‫اﻟﺠﯿﻐﺎ‬
‫‪10-12‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﻜﻮ‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ :‬إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ ھﻲ اﻟﮭﺮﺗﺰ و اﻟﺘﻲ رﻣﺰھﺎ ھﻮ ‪Hz :‬‬
‫اﻟﮭﺮﺗﺰ )‪ ، (Hz‬اﻟﻜﯿﻠﻮھﺮﺗﺰ)‪ ، (KHz‬اﻟﻤﯿﻐﺎھﺮﺗﺰ)‪ ، (MHz‬اﻟﺠﯿﻐﺎھﺮﺗﺰ)‪(GHz‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﯿﻠﻲ ھﺮﺗﺰ)‪ ، (mHz‬اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺮو ھﺮﺗﺰ)‪ ، (mHz‬اﻟﻨﺎﻧﻮھﺮﺗﺰ)‪ ، (nHz‬اﻟﺒﯿﻜﻮھﺮﺗﺰ)‪. (pHz‬‬
‫‪1GHz = 109 Hz ، 1MHz = 106 Hz ، 1KHz = 103Hz‬‬
‫‪1pHz = 10-12Hz ، 1nHz = 10-9 Hz ، 1mHz = 10-6Hz ، 1mHz = 10-3Hz‬‬
‫‪4‬‬