. TTT sponse Analysis Modal tequency response analysis an aterate approach to computing the equency response ofa stuctue, This method uses the mode shapes ofthe structure t reduce the ‘Se, uncouple the equations of maton (aun modal or no damping is sed), and make the rumerca solaion moe efit. Since the mode shapes are tysicaky computed as pat ofthe Characterization ofthe sructr, nod fequeney response Isa natal extension of nota modes analysis. ‘As a fist step inthe formulation, ranstrm the vale fom physical coordinates [a1 ‘modal coraats (0) by assuring i = jolie 68 | ‘The made shapes [9] are used to transform the problem in tems of the behavior of the modes | as egposed 10 he behav of te gd pins, uation (8) reeset an equaly at | todes aud; hone, becaue al modes we tel ased, He equation usualy represents | a ppoanatn. To proceed, temporary ignore all damping, which resuts in the undamped equation for harmeric mation | “oP MY + [ll = [Pe 9 at forcing ecuency | ‘substan the modal coodias in Ea. (-8) forthe physical coordinates in Eq, (8) and ving bye, te fora oained: -oAlp sto + Klee] = 6-10) Now this the equation of moto in terms of he modal coorales. AI his poi, howeve the equations remain coupe. caprenss FREQuENcy RESPONSE ANALYSIS S Geri{tin ‘aurea be sqntes, pty [cba oe] (atlo}ste) + lollatolo = lellrw)) en were [9M] = modal (generalized) mass mato: [ollao| = moa ener sess mati (olle| = modalfrce vector The fal stp uses the ortogonaity property ofthe mode shapes to formulate the equation of ‘maton in terms ofthe generalized mass and siness matics, wrich are dagonal matrices. Tose diagonal makices: do not have the of agonal terms that couple te equations of ‘maton. Therefor, inthis form the modal equations of motion are uncoupled. In this ‘uncoupled form, the equatons of motion ae witen as a set of uncoupled single eqcor-o-feedom systems as co? & on} + k, &l) = plo} 6-12) ee m, = Khoa mass @ = Hot tes p= Motte The macal form of he frequency response equation of motion is much faster to sole than te ‘oct method because is a series of uncoupled singe degree reedom systems. (nce the individual modal responses («ate computed, physical responses ae recovered as. ‘he summation of he modal responses using be} = folgtole 6-13) These responses are in complex form (magudeiphase or realimaginary) and ae used to recover adtonal utpt quate quested inte Case Control Seton,Section $2 Modal Frequency Response Anas Il ‘Damping in Modal Frequency Response 12 damping mar [8 exits, he orhogoalty propery (see Secon 3.2) ofthe modes does n,n genera, agonal he gneraized damping mati (elle) = etaponat oy 1 structural damping is used, ne orthogonality property doesnt, in genera, agonalze the eralized stings matrix [elikiie] + stagonar 619) wher [K} = (1-+ 16) [K] + 56, [ky] sas the coupled problem in ms of modal coordinates using he doc equancy approach te pics of 8} matic» con ts mah he mn ery appa | deserved in Section 5:1 | [-eterinte] fotos)» olinta|]eioy ~ alley erm | auton (16) 6 svar (68 re a tug espe ays wos | except tha Eq. (16) Sexes ints of modal coadnaas &. See te manta a | mods ued i 4 sluon i ypealy mich less han te mb of physical arabes, using | the coupes soliton fhe mods easton ies cosy han using pyseal vais | a et mech min py eet tn | rstuhe Whe wold too oe teh mesh se, toe tomo Meee on en ts be <0, fj) + bb, Ba) +, Sl) | foreach mote | | | ach ofthe modal responses is computed using ‘CHAPTER'S FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANALYSISa The TABOMP! Buk Data erry defines the mods! damping raos. A table created by the ‘tequeneysargng pars specifed on te TABDMP! ersy. The sohton refers to his table for ‘he damping value to be apie at a parcularrequency. The TABOMP! Buk Data entry has a Table 10. paula TABDMPY table i activated by selecting te Table 1D withthe SDAMPING Case Contol command ee fnaours| no | vie I I ofa fe |e) 8 | | we | aor Field Contents 0 “Table ideratcaton ruber, TPE “We of camping nts: 6 (oetaut) car a 5 Frequency vaue (eles per unt tine) 6 ‘Daming valu inthe units spies, ‘Atresonanc, the tee types of damging ae related bythe folowing equations: 6-19) Note thatthe subscript forthe ah mode, nd note ih exciton frequency ‘The valves off and g define pais of requencies and campings, Note hat gf can be entered 8 one ofthe folowing: structural damping (taut), erscal damping, o quay tactoe The ened damping is converted to sructral damping intrnaly using, (S19), Staghine interpolation is used for moda tequencies between consocutve 1 aues. Linear extapaaton isused at he ends ofthe table, ENDT ends the tabi input For example, mada damping is entered using Table 51 and modes eis at 1.0,25, 36, and 55 He, MSCINASTRAN interpolates and xrapolats as shown in Figure 8-3 and inthe fable oe that there is no table entry at 1.0 Hz; MSCINASTRAN uses the fist two able enties at f= 20 and = 300 extrapolate te vate for #=1.0,secon? wi Reno ha UE: NC mamas eae 020 on + = ore vate + = compte ve oo 20 4960 (a) | Figut $9, rnp BDH ‘eS. fame TABM epsatonapiaon [eam] [oma | pee ta ero ec | e 20 [es] 10 | 014 | | al evel fast lar) | wo fos] | as | os | so jars} | s5 | ox | , soni] 10 | car | [ vet | | voor | 20 | cw | a ow | [om | so | om | ve mei foot | | | Moda camping pocessod a a cnx sess when PARAM KOA i entered a | Tuna enon often ees | wim glo) (044 to) = lo} 2 | | ‘The deft or PARAM, KDAMP is 1, which processes mal damping 38a dang mat a. | ore ote 4Fas a odes pi test tc ees cg frase The decoupled sokten procedure used in moda taquency response can be used onli eter no damping is present or mal damping alone (va TABDMP) is used. Oterwise, he modal Imad uses the coupled soldion method on the smaler modal cootdate matices rnonmoda! damping (12, CVISG, CDAM, GE one MAT entry, or PARAM.) s present ‘Mode Truncation in Modal Frequency Response Analysis Its possible hat not al of the computes modes are required inthe frequency response saluion. You nee to retain, a a minimum, all the modes whose resonant frequencies be win the range of forcing requencies. For example, the frequency response anaysis must be between 200 and 2000 He, all modes whose resonant requencis ar inthis range should by fetaned. This guideline is ony minimum requirement, however For beter accuracy, a | modes up oa east wot vee times the highest forcing frequency shoud be retained. nthe ‘example whee a stucure is exe a between 200 and 2000 Hz, al modes frm Oto atleast 4000 He shou be retained ‘The trequency range selected onthe eigenvalue entry (GAL or ENGR) is one means to conto} the modes used in the modal requancy espanse soluton. Also, twee parameters ar availabe to lit the number of modes incuded inthe solution. PARADLLFREO gives the lower lint on the frenwency range of retained modes, and PARAMHFRED gies the upper Sink on the frequency range of tained modes. PARAMLMODES gives the number of lowest modes 1 be retained. These parameters canbe used 10 include te proper set of mades. Note hat the haus for al computed modesto be retained Dynamic Data Recovery in Modal Frequency Response Analysis, In mods! frequency response analysis, two options are avalable for recovering placements and sess: the mode displacement method and the mat method, Both methods give the same answers hough wi ferences in cost The mode dsplacement method computes the ttl physical displacements foreach excation freqieny fom the modal dsplacements, and then computes element stresses from the toa ‘ysia displacements. Te amber af operations fs proportional to the number of exciton frequencies. ‘The matix method computes displacements per mode and element stresses per made, and then compues physical displacements and element stesses as the summation of modal éspacemens and element stresses. Cosy opeatons are proportional tothe number of moses Since the numberof modes is usualy mach es tha the number of excation frequencies, the | max method i usualy mace efile and is he dofaut. The mode cislacement metod can‘Section 5.2 Modal Frequency Response Analysis CHAPTER 5: FREQUENCY es Me a «sled by wing PARAM DORI the Buk Data. The mode Bsplacemen mead s Pred when “reqveney-trazen” srucual plots are requested (see Chapter) he mode acceleration mebod (Chagtr 11) is another dats recovery method for modal eavency response analysis. This method can provide beter accuracy since deta focal tosses and forces ae subject rade truncation and may nt be as accurate as the resus ‘mp wih the direct method(MODAL FREQUENCY RESPONSE = SOL 111 Solves same SS sine response as above, but works in modal space. First solve for natural frequencies (undamped) [K - a,2M) {0} = {0} with w, and © output © = eigenvector = vibrational mode shape (arbitrarily scaled) «0, = natural frequency (radians) = 2x! (f = Hz = cycles/sec) Bost all purpose technique = Lanczos method => use eigt! Substitute U=©z where z = modal participation coefficient Substitue into dynamics eqn and premultiply by oT OT [uM + ioB + KO2~ OTP Thus [ -0?m + iob +k] z=p where m = 0! M® = generalized mass k= 01K @~ generalized stiffness = -a?m b= «1B @ = generalized damping = @g(u) m where g(a) specified on TABDMP ©! P= generalized force Pp Solve the above uncoupled (1 DOF) equations (1 for each natural freq) Convert back to physical space U=@z MODAL FREQUENCY RESPONSE = SOL 111 * User spectfies model => K.M * User specifies eigenvalue technique = EIGRL * User specifies amplitude of load = Pon RLOAD,DAREA,TABLED1 * User specifies freq list at which want solutions = f on FREQ card * User specifies damping by SDAMP,TABDMP1 _ * NASTRAN solves for amplitude of response = U.Uio,ete * Note: elt is implied, and not identified in load or response * Output requests include DISP,VELO,ACCE,STRESS * Output modes by VECTOR, output z by SDISP,SVELO,SACCE * SORT! for all response at 1 freq, SORT for 1 response at all freq * To send response to XL, use param,post, can plot contours or XY Aleeee a: eae RDS eee maT i Te, BR ne sear 1 Este er Ror a Fir janes IT SEE ies Connie rains ansehen) eek (Ra rae Noe) is. se aes lo 1s en en ma ross (eas basta) Sr (cs Ses Same (str seve) somes (Sha ere a § seer (1 SUBCASE FOR EACH LOAD CONDITION) ee seano0 (onavc ro: ast eros or met) mone (rmtecies ote Fore ca ey Wien nace (Girt ees tem OTE MAEM} Reelson omcele (cr emis fem nore AMET) Sfeesecorsrncy= ———_(eyrve nets Fon Soest aL mne) Bf swass 2 (ADDITIONAL LOAD CASES) ine wn SEE Elans,renemns... (nom, some Bose (See aA owe sera some) ae (rec seas) vor (ieee Sse FoR AL siz) a CON... {(WUNPED MASSES) Sram oom, Ci saree nace) Sa (Ebo cme m0) iit... (oer erconnvue renee) Bid, ani 2 (comms nos cass Mabiiniss ze (Gert! ce oan msc) oe, (Pa of us eee aed... (ta Sect e eaten oF mi faa: (ile Paton (2) arenes WE Seren Fido 9. (oer enon n= rar FD) zone = iis 8 REF: NSC/tiandbook for tynanic Analysis = HDA For complete list of damping options HMA Sec 3.2 Note: In this solutior, you describe load amplitude and phase (F) Results ace response anplitude and phase (U). The sin(wt). implied, -_ Ate 3NATURAL FREQUENCY FOLLOWED BY HARMONIC RESPONSE, cale natural freq, save database (QUTURAL FREQUENCY ANALYSIS) (creates runl.dball = database) RESTART (RESTART FROM EXISTING DATABASE) ASSIGN MASTER-"runlnaster’ (POINTS 10 runl DATABASE) Sol 112 (MODAL FREQUENCY ANALYSIS) ao mee SPO=10 (MUST KEEP SANE SPC AS UNL) Meo=20 (MUST KEEP SAME HPC AS UNI) NETHOO-13 (UST KEEP SAME METHOD AS FON) DLaKD=20, {DWWAMIC LOAD: CALL RLOADI or DLOAD) FREQ=30 (FREQUENCIES SOLVED FOR: CALL FRED) @ SDAMP=19 (CALL TABDRE) ‘ DISP(SORT2, PHASE) = (QUTPUT REQUEST FOR DISP AMPLITUDE U) ‘STRESS(SORTZ, PHASE) = (OUIPUT REQUEST FOR STRESS AMPLITUDE) ‘bGin puex SevOnly bulk data is LOAD input, do NOT inlude model=GRIDS,element++++* (Ose LAODES OR LEREQ 6 HFREQ'~ NOT BOTH) BiGaD,20,2.,1.,22 (COMBINES. RLOADi_ CARDS) RLOAD2, 24,22, 33,24 (DEFINE LOND AMPLITUDE: CALL DAREA,DPUASE, TABLED) DAREA, 22. (Pon! OF LOAD APLICATION) DPHASE, 23... (PHASE ANGLE OF LOAD) ‘TABLED, 24. (TOAD AMPLITUDE AS FUNCTION OF FREQUENCY) FREQL, 30. (UIST FREQUENCIES (£) AT WHICH WANT SOLUTION) ‘TaBOMPL, 19... (DEFINE DANPING AS FUNCTION OF FRED) Nona 2 —— — __. — 3 nastran rund (FORCED RESPONGE BASED ON RUNI HODES) i Note: These databases can get quite large (disk storage) ase keep both cunl BEALL and funl.PASTER ~ req'd for restarts. You can delete runt USRSOU and runi .USROBJ - not needed.EBRERRR RRR ECR RR eeeaeae — —_______ 3 NooAL FREQUENCY RESPONSE — 2 DOF SPRING/NASS SYSTEN 3 Ref: Thomson, Vibrations 3rd Bd, Example 5.3-1 Piote; awrts mst ar costomer P SONONTE ET stesgrstate Marmentc cesponse [SNS odal! Spictch, hom aivect i 2 seproncty NO @lewek i dane 5 era, Seca) fog cesp Sa Eltle2 dof spring mass system subtitle~Thonson example 5.31 spe=70 ‘gturn on be sethod=30 Scall eigel Svectoreall Sprint mode shapes subease 1 Tabelzes sine force or grid St @load=60 call rload2 (dyn load) freq-85, Scall freq (£ steps) ‘damped Scall tabdap (damping) set. 8-51, 52 Giep(eort2,real)=8 Sreal=>real/imag Sdisp(sort2,phase)=8 Sphase=>magni tude/phase Edisp(eort2,real)=all Sprint modal participation coeff begin bulk patam,post 0 send output to x ram, grdpat 0 Sprint mss prop POINTS WITH 5 pce FIXED Eid, $0, 0-10-40. 23456 rie $2, ,22,0. 50. 23455 50, 83, 432,0.50. 9 523456 SSPRINGS ‘CONNECTING x DTSPL. Celast,21,20,50/1,51,1 celast 22, 20,51,1,52)1 eelast 23, 20,52,1,53,1 pelas,20,i8." " Sxeis SLUMPED MASSES conn? 31,51, ,2. $¥2 cconn2 32,52, 2. SPIED BC AY’ Wats ‘Spel, 70,1,50,53 SAPPLIED LoD Fload2,80,81,, ,82 @area/81,1,1,18. §£orce on grid tabled, 62 Storce vs freq 10-1. 1000.1. ,endt Ereghs85,0.,105/30 S£req-He, not radians/sec $18 Of critical damping added’ to prevent infinite § alternatives = eviec,cdamp,g tabnpl44,crit Sdanping vs freq 10-, 01,100. Ol,endt Few 532 Feed eon fh DOF seem SEIGewhtve’ CALCULATION eigel,90,0.,,2 Eon AltatDAMPING INPUT (Ref H/DA Sec 3.2) YIScOUS DAMPING (Proportional to velocity = BU) ‘vinput on CVISC or CDAMP RUTZa eon air damping/ shock absorbers wailable in Direct Solutions ior nogal Solutions see Modal Damping elow STRUCTURAL DAMPING (Proportional to displacement = ig K? am tNG “on MAT card (per material) or PARAM G (total K? ISDE 2, Ineernal material friction and yield, and for damping due te bolted/riveted connections fcommoniy used values Uelded steel g=04- oz Doited steel g2-06 192 concrete 9-08 oF savailable in Direct Solutions TELE NSGal sorutions see Modal Damping below MODAL DAMPING (User defined = b i? wee ie Stes on TABDMP bulk data calleg by SDAMP case control Nob GeFine any form of damping thru g(f) where Beg ks = 9tu) mw can alse use “fraction of critical = C/G" oF nSnplification quality factor = @* SELECTION OF SOLUTION TECHNIQUE MODAL is usually best Tnost often used in practice sree eee nen feu modes sufficient to predict response Unatural problem flow Thedel checkout Static solution (SOL tor) Tilitar erequency solution (SOL toB) TRorced response (SOL 18/2) aif chectpoine SOLies then SOL WC efficient: TELS Rit be uses with this technique DIRECT is good when Beodels nave small bandwidth wiotge wef modes required in modal method Hetelledee ae nignty dams