Chapter 3 Address Designing Network address assignment Network 1 (172.16.0.0) Router Network 2 ( 192.168.2.0 ) Network 2 (172.47.0.0) Router L3 switch Network 2 (172.18.0.0) * Network 2 ( 192,1681.0) Router Network 2 (172.19.0.0) 3.3 Designing Network Addresses ‘You need to design network addresses when using private or local addresses. Different network addresses need be assigned to the networks that are separated by routers. The key points on network address assignment are as follows: + Make sure that the network addresses do not overlap. + Determine the type of address class according to the number of nodes to be connected to each network, Class C; 254 nodes maximum Class B: 65,534 nodes maximum Class A: 16,777,214 nodes maximum Since reassignment of addresses is a time-consuming task, it is necessary to determine the address class considering the possibility that the number of nodes that will be increased in the future. 35 Lights Reserves!, Copyright (¢) 2005, Hitachi InformationChapter 3 Address Designing, Subneiwork ala aL. wale Divide 183.20.10.0 133.20.20.0 193.20. 30.0 network. | 256.255.255.0 255.258.255.0 285.255.255.0 133,20.0.0 Amaximum of 65,534 ‘A maximum of 254 nodes.can be connected to nodes can be connected. | IPaddress 133 . 20 . 10 . 5 to000101 | ao0to100 | ooooto10 | oo000101 | Network address area Host address area Subnet Host aati | vititiaa | titit141 | “oo00a000 ‘Subnet mask 255 . 255 . 255 . o 3.4 Designing Subnetwork Addresses Subnetwork addresses are used to divide a network into two or mote subnetworks. Subnetwork addresses are used to divide a large-scale network since the number of available network addresses is limited when global addresses are used, Subnetwork addresses can be defined by reserving part of the host address area as a network area and assigning subnetwork addresses to it on a bit basis. ‘All routers need be aware of the subnetwork address in each IP address when subnetwork addresses are used. For that purpose, the routers use a 31-bit subnet mask. ‘When defining a subnet mask, set the bits in the subnet mask area that is to be used as. designating the network to 1 and the bits in the area that is to be used as designating the host to 0, Represent the subnet mask with 8-bit decimal numerals scparated by periods in the same way as representing an IP address. 3-6 All Rivitts Reserved, Coovricht (c) 2007. Witach? Information|Chapter 3 Address Designing Key points on subnetwork address designing IP address 200.250.250.0 Subnet mask _255.255,255.192(11111111 11114111 11111117 11000000) inary number 00,C00000 ...Network address: ‘eovoocet | ! 5 Host 1001111110 fo1/a00001 Lily Host fortt110 [1111111 Broadcast address ‘Network address bas Hoet Hos110 coe [itiett114 “Broadcast address 3.4.1 Key Points on Subnetwork Address Designing The-key points you must consider when designing subnetwork addresses are given below. + It must be noted that some devices can handle none of the addresses whose subnetwork address is all Os or 1s in binary, + The address whose host address is all Os in binary is used as a network address and the address whose host address is all 1s in binary is used as a broadcast address. These addresses cannot be used as addresses to be assigned to hosts. Subnet mack 255,128, 0 ‘Subnet mask furan of 255,_192._0 4 [16382 subnet 255, 224. 0 3 | 8180 fp fC BBE BSE. 128 2 128 255, 0 76 14004 9 | 255.256. 255. 192 4 2 5.255. ° a2 | 2006 © | 255, 255, 256, 224 8 30 255, o es | 1072 255, 255. 255, 240 16 4 255. 0 128 510 265.256.056.268 | 32 6 255. 8 256 254 255.255.255.252 | 64 2_] 256. 128 512 126 255. 182 1024 62 266, 266.224 2048 30 255, 255, 268. 240 4076 14 255,255. 256,248 8152 6 255." 255,255. 252 All Rights Reserved, Copght (c) 2005, itachi InformationChapter 3 Address Designing Variable length subnet ntametconecion > Network 0 Router (2 hosts} 200.1.1.0 9 oot 255,255,255 ,252 200.1.4.2 L3 switch 200.1.1.125-"200.1.1.142/ 200.1.1.158\ 200.1.1.190 . - « = . Network 1 Network 2 Network 3 Network 4 (62 hosts) (14 hosts) (14 hosts) {80-hosts) 200,1.1.64 200.1.1.428 —— 200.1.1.144 200.1.1.160 265.255.255.192 255.255.255.240 255.255.255.240 255.255.255.224 3.4.2 Variable Length Subnets ° Variable length subnetting refers to the definition of subnets of two or more lengths when dividing a network into subnetworks, The use of the variable length subnet mask (VLSM) facilitates the subnetting of a network efficiently according to the number of required hosts. ° For example, subnets can be configured as follows: Network 0 ionogon, s } Not used oon 5 } Network 1 200.1. 1, 389 Network $ 200. 1. 1. 160 200, 1. 1, 191 Network 4 200. 1.1. 192 5 zor.t2ss vitint Not used 3-8 “All Richts Retarred Convrioht fo1 007 Teirach! tate,Chapter 3 Address Designing Precautions to be observed when selecting the routing protocol RIP information 172,16.0.0 CE LAN2 > 472.1620 155.285.2855 172.16.0.0 3.4.3 Precautions to be Observed when Selecting the Routing Protocol Care must be taken when RIPv1 is used to build the routing table for the routers (L3 switches) as the routing information that RIPv1 handles does not contain the subnet mask. No problem occurs when two or more subnets of the same network address are connected to a single’router (L3 switch). The router cannot perform the routing service normally, however, if subnets are connected through two or more routers. In such a case, a routing protocol such as OSPF or RIPv2 must be used that can handle the subnet mask as routing information. served, Copyright(c) 2003, Hitech InformationChapter 3 Address Designing Host address assignment 192.168.1.0 1492.168.1.11 192.168.1.20 255,255,255.0 HUB. 172,16.0.0 192.168,1.254 172.17.0.0 255.255:0.0 LS switch 172,16.254.254, ; 172.47,254,254 [tz swtten | L2 switch 1 See 3.5 Assigning Host Addresses ‘TCP/IP requires the end systems, routers, and other hosts to be assigned a unique IP address. Hosts that are connected within the same network (area delimited by a router) need be assigned host addresses that have the same network address. The key points on host address assignments are listed below. + Make sure that the hosts belonging to a single nctwork have the same network address and subnetwork address and that they have a unique host address. + Assign host addresses to the interfaces of the router (L3 switch). + Giving regularity in address assignment will facilitate address management. 3-10 “Al Peehts Reserved. Canesjehs (<> 2011 Hitacks Intrenet