DAFTAR PUSTAKA

1. Chalasani N, Younossi Z, Lavine J. The Diagnosis and Management of Non-alcoholic

Fatty Liver Disease : Practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of
Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American
Gastroenterological. Am J Gastroenterology.2012;55:2005-2023.
2. Targher G, Day CP, Bonora E. Current Concepts Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in
Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. N Engl J Med 2010;363:1341-50
3. De alwis NMW. Review non-alcoholic fatty liver disease : The mist gradually clears. J
Hepatol. 2008:104-112.
4. Amarapurkar DN, Hashimoto E, Lesmana LA, Sollano JD, Chen PJ, Goh KL. How
common is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the Asia-Pacific region and are there local
differences? J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;22(6):788-793.
5. Hasan I, Lesmana LA, et al. Prevalance and risk factors for non alcoholic fatty liver in
Indonesia. In: PIN XIV PPHI, Konas XIII PGI-PEGI. Surabaya; 2007.
6. Sasdesi LES PH. Data Kunjungan Pemeriksaan Ultrasonografi Abdomen Instalasi
Radiologi RSUP Dr Kariadi. Semarang; 2010. (Tidak dipublikasi)
7. Angulo P. The Natural History of NAFLD. In: Farrell GC, McCullough AJ, eds. Non-
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Practical Guide. London: Wiley Blackwell Press;
2013:37-45.
8. S̈oderberg C, Stål P, Askling J, et al. Decreased survival of subjects with elevated liver
function tests during a 28-year follow-up. Hepatology. 2010;51(2):595-602.
9. Nseir W. and Assy N. Association Between Fatty Liver and Cardiovascular Disease:
Mechanism and Clinical Implications. In : Prof. Baskot Branislav (Ed.). Coronary
Angiography - The Need for Improvement in Medical and Interventional Therapy.
InTech Publishing; 2011:189-206.
10. Ramilli S, Pretolani S, Muscari A, Pacelli B, Arienti V. Carotid lesions in outpatients
with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2009;15:4770-4774.
11. Targher G, Bertolini L, Padovani R, et al. Relations between carotid artery wall thickness
and liver histology in subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Diabetes Care.
2006;29(6):1325-1330.
12. Targher G, Marra F. Increased risk of cardiovascular disease in nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease: causal effect or epiphenomenon? Diabetologia. 2008;51(11):1947-1953.
13. Fallatah HI. Noninvasive Biomarkers of Liver Fibrosis : An Overview. Advances in
Hepatology. Hindawi Publishing; 2014(8):20-22.
14. Ekstedt M, Franzén LE, Mathiesen UL, et al. Long-term follow-up of patients with
NAFLD and elevated liver enzymes. Hepatology. 2006;44(4):865-873.
15. Musso G, Gambino R, Cassader M, Pagano G. Meta-analysis: natural history of non-
alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive tests for
liver disease severity. Ann Med. 2011;43:617-649.
16. Loria P, Adinolfi LE, Bellentani S, et al. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and
management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. A decalogue from the Italian
Association for the Study of the Liver (AISF) Expert Committee. Dig Liver Dis.
2010;42:272-282.
17. Ratziu V, Bellentani S, Cortez-Pinto H, Day C, Marchesini G. A position statement on
NAFLD/NASH based on the EASL 2009 special conference. J Hepatol. 2010;53:372-
384.
18. Targher G, Bertolini L, Padovani R, Zoppini G, Zenari L, Falezza G. Associations
between liver histology and carotid intima-media thickness in patients with nonalcoholic
fatty liver disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:2687-2688.
19. Brea A, Mosquera D, Martin E, Al E. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with
carotid atherosclerosis: a case-control study. Arter Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1045-
1050.
20. Kim D, Choi S-Y, Park EH, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with
coronary artery calcification. Hepatology. 2012;56:605-613.
21. Lim TK, Lim E, Dwivedi G, Kooner J SR. Normal value of carotid intima-media
thickness – a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis: quantitative assessment by B-mode
carotid ultrasound. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2008; 21(2):112-116.
22. Lee CJ, Park S. The role of carotid ultrasound for cardiovascular risk stratification
beyond traditional risk factors. Yonsei Med J. 2014;55(3):551-557.
23. Kang JH, Cho KI, Kim SM, et al. Relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
and carotid artery atherosclerosis beyond metabolic disorders in non-diabetic patients. J
Cardiovasc Ultrasound. 2012;20:126-133.
24. Caldwell Sh AC. Non alcoholic fatty liver diseass and nutrition. In: Dooley JS, Lok ASF,
Burrough AK HE, ed. Sherlock’s Disease of the Liver and Biliary System. 12th ed. Wiley-
blackwell Publishing; 2011:546-562.
25. Bhatia LS, Curzen NP, Calder PC, Byrne CD. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A new
and important cardiovascular risk factor? Eur Heart J. 2012;33:1190-1200.
26. Preiss D, Sattar N. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an overview of prevalence,
diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment considerations. Clin Sci (Lond). 2008;115:141-
150.
27. Dowman JK, Tomlinson JW, Newsome PN. Review Pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty
liver disease. 2010:71-83.
28. Schindhelm RK, Michaela Diamant, MD RJH. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and
Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Curr Diab Rep. 2007;7:181-187.
29. Embryol RJM. Association between liver histology, carotid ultrasonography and retinal
vascular changes in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ).
2012;53(3):609-614.
30. Festi D, Schiumerini R, Marzi L, et al. Review article: The diagnosis of non-alcoholic
fatty liver disease - Availability and accuracy of non-invasive methods. Aliment
Pharmacol Ther. 2013;37(November):392-400.
31. Schwenzer NF, Springer F, Schraml C, Stefan N, Machann J, Schick F. Noninvasive
assessment and quantification of liver steatosis by ultrasound, computed tomography and
magnetic resonance. J Hepatol. 2009;51:433-445.
32. Bisset RAL, Khan AN. Liver, biliary system, pancreas and spleen. In: Differential
Diagnosis In Abdominal Ultrasound. 2ed ed. London: Saunders WB; 2002:38-41.
33. Karnikowski M, Córdova C, de Oliveira RJ, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and
metabolic syndrome in Brazilian middle-aged and older adults. Sao Paulo Med J.
2007:125.
34. Castera L, Vilgrain V, Angulo P. Noninvasive evaluation of NAFLD. Nat Rev
Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;10:666-675.
35. Petta S, Vanni E, Bugianesi E, et al. The combination of liver stiffness measurement and
NAFLD fibrosis score improves the noninvasive diagnostic accuracy for severe liver
fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Int. 2015;35(5):1566-
1573.
36. Lee JH, et al. Hepatic steatosis index : A simple screening tool reflecting NAFLD.
Liver,Pancreas, and Biliary Tract. 2010;42: 503-508.
37. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, et al. Clinical characteristics of
coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020. [Epub ahead of Print]
38. Zhang C, Shi L, Wang F S. Liver injury in COVID-19: management and challenges.
Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020 [Epub ahead of Print].
39. Yao XH, Li TY, He ZC, Ping YF, Liu HW, Yu SC, et al. A pathological report of three
COVID-19 cases by minimally invasive autopsies. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi.
2020 Mar 15;49(0): E009. Doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20200312-00193. [Epub
ahead of print] Chinese. PubMed PMID: 32172546.
40. Lin L, Jiang X, Zhang Z, Huang S, Zhang Z, Fang Z, et al. Gastrointestinal symptoms of
95 cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Gut. 2020 [ Epub ahead of Print]
41. Gu J, Han B, Wang J, COVID-19: Gastrointestinal manifestations and potential fecaloral
transmission. Gastroenterology. 2020. [Epub ahead of Print]
42. Ji D, Qin E, Xu J, Zhang D, Cheng G, Wang Y, Lau G. Implication of non-alcoholic
fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) in patients with COVID-19: a preliminary analysis. J
Hepatol. 2020 [Epub ahead of print]
43. Kementrian Kesehatan. Pedoman Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Coronavirus Disease
(Covid-19). Direktorat Jenderal Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Penyakit. Maret 2020.
44.