ALGEBRA ox? 38x +14 A B c ek ns Fatt 2-7 * Best ep] ae a td 44) 1x +4] A Sxt4 Wx -10 * ¥ Ne-Shigt 1-5-5 (i) at term AC: Shigh= 1-5-4 CE) thai aga em For total /swn Tater) Site Mede-3-2 fe-siig--5-5 [1204] Oa? Oye + (Nm) ad Where: “I< <1 140 VALIANTMode-$-6 Ac Shiga “I-S=1 0 2 Leer, at J Shigt Hogg L3G§, 1.4) VALIANT _ a ANALYTIC_GEDMETRY e ent Byt Cro mtaue eerweey unis? [eiciey vee oe | co yrletorcept = Ms tand Act + Ay! 4 Oxt yt F =O [+= ~ 7 REPEC tna tan p standard Equation Act By 4 C20.L Bx-Ay =C 82 0-—p Goit + (y-ky = 6? WFC . D + $= (Ke) a: Fe | (direction 5) cChik) = he7 Be fa + Xa Py Ya " bg oismnceneenrcn WPMD | 4.4[2 5: ¥[F kerk eee As T[Witet Yatet UsK)-| whee Adc 4 a= C7 L..... a+ | Fateeey (Wak Usx4 X09) Re J (xtaye0x+ Ey FFD VALIANT.@ # Radical axis between +wo circles, a 54a duct Subtract the two equations. alg 0 ae PPRNCOUR eS | CBIR point of vrten + 0 etn) SF Gener uation Act Gt tox tty tf <0 far Leither A or ig equal 40 2er0.} Axtt Cyt + Ox ty +F=0 = ao @ AC (witn some sign) 9 -— 4 Ceti": #4aly-*) [*44-upnacd) | QUTRROEQUaRS OBRamEy a= & Ea-donmad)| SS + GE or Treen) | RR Le teats faaGerD Taa-rigt) | SE + SR cerscot) | RR 2 [4a ea] [0 RRRIBHER © fea 20 RAEN) c=! @eeenreng* i < | VALIANT. @ ~ ANALYTIC GEDMETRY “ RNERETANA (2a) | For Horio O iing Heitor Ship! canines 6 1203 n=! FO%) missy 9 ee eS GX) dy EE +] eppamamea e= 5 > 1 ALE Gat-¥0) ay rs zo j Agfa! lowe ae Rear as Se ue) ak Ta: I yee) &y Ae J xu yO de yesh ee 10) dy Axtt Cyt 4 Ox+Ey te = 0 ASF (yy) ae AC (with tot the Come Sgn) Teed fe hs?) dx Tor Vertical By: Se Ya 21 [Right ond Leet] Gye) 5H) ce ee as i” +t Tip ard Down VALIANT |PROPABILITIE: Fenown, osreeuTON Ponce x phx gt PO) ae Rene j Pr Success: Q: pailure wv Pe PTX PAS x Pat x FTeraL VALIANT PLANE % SOLID GEOMETRY bi tct~ Doc oA gaa) __—( ATOR) “Fbh Pythagorean Theoten OA cleat? @ Given 2 sides (a4 6) ana Jeremie! included angle & & Ar abun e OAC* rGadians = 16 /i00"| GCC | HON lO civen 3 sides sector ® Ar Grad a Wsribed age we! | alaemavened) ae Osi aay where =o =Semi-perimeter | ©) Seqnent af a cee ale a i atbtc . + 7. Ars Sector 7 THange At 31? (ra sin) Ae attit-dabeasc | OAeart> (F)O, tt atte tac cor | @ Cirangerene , C#9nr=10) VALTANT - BoeSTRANGLE AND ARC © mz: tihere: ol-is'in the vertex] A= (abSinA + casinD) “Qcie urbe ia a Tange ORI = between te | AT Tdide sing Ares | keab diagonals ~* Given 4 sides and sun of Ayo os tete P= 2(a4) OLS oppwite angles “Css cei aad d= Sorte Az atsing hey (Ad(6-b)(5-2)(6-d)- aed Triangle 9 Square Az tdide ast ree Anat od . es Oeiele Eerived ahora Pr da = t (ate)(n) Wande a: alt Ar # fa (8-0) © Rraleagran Ay ety (S-b) Az abosingt Ar Pe (5-0) Ash aids sine i Pe tat) aan 1@ PLANE 2 SOLID : @ GEDMETRY @ LA +t Le = 180° @ P-exterior angles Re Radius of dreumscriving 48+ LD- By Sum of % = 260° Cirle Ae \(G-a)(s-b)-c)(s-A) | Neo. of diagonals = apelnem = radius of p> Fn-3) inscribed circle “Por any oxi quadrilateral, o: +e product of He diagmals @ Ae Serving = Gr) = = equals the sun of the products @ P= 0x Auda = (ay(e) * (e)(d) © ge non (2) + inscribed circle O & - terior angles SCAR pi ag inkerfection ef the alfitudes Sum af = 100° (n-2) there’. (interior angle 0 exterior angle int og inersecton of $e angular biedor VALIANT@ HGRA psiot og ihersection og | @Face dinapral de AI2 | @ Au? wel perpendicular bietocs | @iimce day, a? a3 | @)oant wight + [reaet [RUSTON | atitete, n= a4. eMC, | OV = Ae“ Ove Blardet de) [ovame, Ve ZF QVotune = Av sesusnin INGRRTEROIAR) Rois pr iscrived @tater prea = 2(ac4 be) OV 3Ah Sphere, 04H @) otal Suegace rea = ALt OAL v= BE (Rae + Re) @ fate diagonal da (oP Fe Qs (nt Ant Gite) | Aa MMOL OTA: of AE 0 space diagpeal .da* Tere sank beight L> [oes (Ce (@ Youne v= ie © Ve Aph = a? PLANE & SOLIO GEOMETRY have pentagonal sides ODA= 20.65 a" VALIANT Oolure , V> 3-40? Ve SUR 5 Ase tt Q Vaune , > 2.18190? rT8h x Gr-n) = BY (oats abt th) 7 i at at ¢ B | a | tiange oneal «| ce @ 28 |S | rronge @ 20.4b} 1.63} pertaspn —_ 58 j28A riage | ee VALIANT EaneresrsSURVEYING oto Tens LAT= Leo 8) DMMO,> DMO, + DEP, + DEP. 8 lorectan for Sepe! De L sing Maun * ose sign og PEiast r= mo+mo(£) Coe L(+ 566) sSumiflaRRIDERAW| a) 94 + 0™0,% Lata +409 long (#) €) Reduction 40 Meo) ORB [o) ez lo) eto» short (2) bea veel (MSL) CCAREEH Mode 2 2 DepIRUES? ) = ar YNE = LLB a) PPP. = Lat, Cart + Earth's mean Radius IgNNe LLB ¥) DPD,= DPD. t Lat. + Late @mesioAlecteMeNN | K: 6972 km ys = ~(L-6) 9 DPDias * empaite sgn oF Leth Cae 1 Cnet) |ixwevewuiNh Swe -(L20) 4) DA = DMD, » Defy 3) BS + Elev = AT TSTMS | «) A <7 0M wie AI-FS = Elev Jomo sues 4 3) a a) DMO, = De®, fee emg) + (MB) enig( J] ge ALE WL VALIANT. SURVEYING “Tscnmic Overton? | S=UR-LR rez (2) CL__ Latitude of the Couse DFKS+C tee co (42) Wur-Star] — Nuw + |Suar| Curvature and Regracton| ts cs (#2) CO___ Deyartwre ag the (use Caz 0-0095 Dt Tue mipefte or Tp or Tr) | WEoer -Woer! —_Eoee + |Wver p= FS aso + 40) Lec= J EV" + Edt where z # Stadia interval factor | T. hi smear! Si Stadia intercept Ch ite cee B= vertical angle Wume=Suan| Perimeter of Perimeter of Traverse u ter tadi + ftce tadia costa —_ of buge Jer -Woew| Peameiere ef VALIANT _Gta. PC = ta. ET Sing og Re Sta. PT = GaP Le W) A= 25 T= Rta VALIANT. SURVEYING ) Sta. P= Sta. PL-x-T Aa. FR» Sa.PC tLe, highest 7 she Tau elevation ap the curve ie 2) Stn. POC = Sta. PC + Ley ) Ga. PC Sta-PT ~Ley where He ger shear is lecated 3) Sta. PT = Sta. PCC + Lea 2)Sta. PT Sta PC + Ler lo 9 (+) © tev. Pc = Bev. PE ty iii VERTICAL PAKAGILIC CURVES @ elev. B= Blew. + Ait AL oo ne NOTE? oppsite dceton 1G alee Pr Fos Th c ; * a { a x and gu ic positive, Sta. 04000, Sa. 04080 Sta. 0+ 100 _ gtade per m Stahon O° "change a aeade 5 ben(ae-qe) if gn is negative _ Le 0 (ge- gr) > ig gh is negative VALIANT _@ @tev.c - fu. 54H Q Vertical Sunttit Curve Lengthy CL) winere AS Qings 10 percent a @ For wsynmetrical uirve Te Sebo, Ast *Standad Values in toad design ga et Gel xsl (i+ im) ft Lm of 1.08% Teste, - 000+ Tey het 0.15m of 0.6m ALSTOFPING SIGHT DISTANCE ~ A a ry yt QNertical Sag Curve Length (L) SPIRAL CURVES _ S59= (t4G) | ty seu, Ast O Distance Aory Tangent 40 Ary Pork en the Spinal t «Sight Distance (5) and... +558 Yee —_ T_ and Yer Ls “Go = Q Horizontal Gurve Lengtin (L)) TpS7 Li lu + 9.55 ise bene fee Pa ae CE KA i TySCly 8? Bae t xe on ond Ke OR EeS7ke, + Max, Velocity gor Sag Curve, Orgle of Wercertion of Simple Curve ut Ie I- 266 VALIANT _ e SURVEYING e A Sera Aagle grom Tangent 4o Ay gcich [QD eee of Sal Core at Any Pit wh, ett a foe spans tet t nel, g Xe Be Ge and Ge: HE sina [9 vaicable Leng of Shea! “ O©)derection Anyle grom TS to Any Pont | Ise foer 3.¥= keh @ Tota! Length of Curve an the Spal Ocruger trenton Rate, (MSs) Ler= Let tls ie ¢ and ig: SE and te er tan © Tarspnt distance tan(e +0) = Ae 5 ve ote “HPARTHWORKS Te £: (a+ P)tanb ton (0-4 6) = 2 EN 5 vekph em | evounte BY CtsS-SECTON 2 AREA rergph of row @ Super Elevation ,e (ideal superdlevation) | End Area Metted, Ve prdee se e er x, ve kph, Rem Ve= (At An) (42) @) External Distance (@kete ap Change of Conbripetal Acelemtion : . exces ryrecy)-& ge Boe (MAY) 5 VM, Rebs VALIANTeo eo - Fy Read @ Prismeidal Formula y CRAG ha> height cannon on pur areas JFL + : ve S [At 40m) 4 Ad i Wut [DVotume af « Pit or Reservoir (oy interior @Volume with Priswoidal Correction asa 8S Sections of sties) N= Ve “Ve OG and Fill Rettio and Proportion * Volume tay Ead-Area Nethnd Vee 5 G-G(O-2) UCGg-Gr) = euy + Hein Ve $ (hit 258+ An) Hei Hi © tre He (net he) 4 (O48) to ~ Volume oy Psmsidal Formula (Simpson's oT % FILL Le Low + Lei One-Third Rule) emcee US? |@olume ty Rectangular Prisms | Ve $(Ait# Saou t 43Aeven + An) wr] veak Th, + Zhe + Fdhs + 4Shq =x Tu tethe +a Ths t Shy J h=height sound on ne area ony he height commen on +wo areas ‘ha* height commen on 4htee areas VALIANT. DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS e [Rlocneriinic Wo Boone __(feTRemloweTRC FuntenoNS) “ae ) & (@=0 FUNCTIONS 9H Gaw)= cau 4h ) & (aus ¢ wh a )AGd=snu 4 & (uty) oe Bae ng Gana) eecty d (wa usavel yao ju 18) & (ot) = -csdu 3k = myn Se wpe er Ree 2) Gecu)* secuteny St 0) Wa): (4) = ar du ai) & (ese) = -cscu aru Se judo Qk (a): ona No. 4tan-6 = Fee 5 Sin’et costo «| wy a 2) cy Vax = at} JRC) eH cot © + SZ 5 tanto ti=secto 2 4(ee m3 4) dW) vu" Bt wu BY] eco = are Hote sescte i csc- Find VALIANT esG0K* Bsinxcesx [rere reeonomernc runerons dy a a cos2x> wStx-sintx H a + In Ssintx ‘ 22081 Le) d cogtes o Sr # CURVATURE: dd ae bear sites | Gut * CENTER OF cuRvAnURE ast PE |) day GE he x- PEGE tanty = HBB] dx ee en tas wegt a 2d fects) = & # RADIUS OF CURVATURE a or peliL, Ut yT* »T y VALIANT. _| ECONOMICS e e Sa | Ae rir” money aur) €)eAF~ npn Anat Face AzP(ttin) te ite ti@) ° ollie a] SFE Siig Fund Face i Caer Ty IF = Aled) u ‘accumulated — = - iid As fel Cie a ea oe wR EA i o-A-?- And (NERY Of". airs invenest (ue ayn ina Bion Ginesinant ash pice remy Vx | Cie gucnased 4 day, rou ie: (e'~1) x wo ed . _ Axe ke X oo A) CRF - Capital Revovery Factor A i 32 (14 EY" car | 8) Pwr ~ Present Worn Fucker VALIANT. —==a —e asst)” CresvHMG) aeerenuy” oor Tay | ict ay” -— T alg ity ciel rove «ote i [ree] a _comeoUNDINGSS Tatiy" J | Rt Ui-et# J (Fe-Sv)i r __ (Fc-su ti) Me | CHR allt ee FES aise ge} We FeO] fs ol yy y ~ zt Ee a = VALIANT _ 2) ECONOMICS iecimngreammnener | BY: FC-20 [rower ” at i) 7 Daz KFC (1-4) Sum? (NH (7 SFE: Ge Bia FCCI-K)" Reverte= N-ntt cap = HHL ke BE oye e ee Te THSRE Mer (Cat) pe ening Balanee Met Dy= KFC (rk) Vor Pref], Income = Expenses BYns FC(I-k)” Lemay Joye SPE) = Fo4 mc (eo) + LC(W)+ VEO}. ™ VacFry CONF) + Trae /BEAERIRICSIRANOD N 6. p= (FY)an) a Fo) Preant Value of Bees . Lunt] | ove tc-20 TOOT Froent Value of Cost BOTT (SJ 90: 0+ TF VALIANTR BR: vestment ofan} i(UHY’ (investment) ‘Fived Copital Trina Nek, Anna income * Dypredation b VALIANT. MECHANICS - DYNAMICS 4) we 2m i) aKa Voy Ve sin 8) Ltuim= rev 3) feRO 1) axirnum eighty [erred iim, | (iin 230° he Vot $4 gt? a =leinummgerence |) \Vit=Vel + 2gh |) 4. Vosine 2 WeVot gt os 4) On™ = WIR ) Be wt &) az oe ) Maximum Range | =a ) ee watt dt |) a larrar g. Wisione Fe Taro We: we t aote 3 ww tat ‘RaanON | 4) Netoity Gmponent oe ou )) ve Rw Vox Vo 05-8 VALIANT. _REF = ma WORK y WES + MonleNTUM AND IMPULSE. “gu (th) kinetic Energy KE | P=mv (omentum) *RELAMVE VELOCITY Ket (I= Fe_(mpube) Vez Va t Vein @aravitarional Polenta —_|@) Law og Conserviahon ag Momentum g= On +Ao/q Energy, PE TN te = WN FHM! + BANKING OF GiRVED. PE = mgh, |@ Impulse Momentum Equation tao: = @elashc fiectial Eneray, GE] BtVInpulse - LC) Tmputse = m(Vy-Ve) tm (616): aE Bee Txt [S)cveggciont og Resttation vie: onge of bankingl Wark Gengy Eauation | ex -eyn 7 ez R P= angle of friction | KE, tWork = KE 2 we tan OGonservation oF Frey» Bebe ou (¥) EWV.E ¢ mah + EERE + Ur ® EINES + gh Fz Kot VALIANT _ TRUCTURAL e* e Sitgle Load @ XO ork Prearanen crue Vnea* P|, Wimax? oTwy (@Two leads Oysettc Vmax ee 7 Pefot Re @yrcon (4) Wem bge es) « ESET | © x= cin (S24) Guvid © Tersien at tne lowest pont @ension at the supporg : T= {HEY Cu) Q)tergth ofthe fable calle 8 Jes (a) ae wt We VALIANTCTRENGTH OF MATERIALS, a HORA. Sees! e e at hn ort d= chvays cond vp BSD +A -aaal igjatty | oA er ny soe) P= alas ound down| ORBAN Ue © WAGE UR | Js anr"t (prcemlor tums) us fromm | St THO eee Thorea yratel wih | §2 SE OMRON | bra? TOF Te Udy she gene] o- t(E) Ceo F(R ORI A> 04 (Brg or Tit FROM) | de teahk @pmaningy Ano | eer Fe (remain) | Linn? sora rumen ea counung, SS ae eR Bs face of sngety | Gee 9 i sigs the vhagt Te pin = Brey isp ee re Cacrvat £ Tattowavle Pre tAy [EL floral rigjiaity VALIANT jp @ STRENGTH OF MaTeRiaLs, an oe ome Osmo meet maa Ddun=0 T Ts ak Gk a= Eu OT he t ac? ? pee $e at a Py ot Kak * Gs LOT sate (etn [Pearl eh Famagter £ Foden Fmputea£ Fodaign GOL (T-T:) Oy LOT For sel: 0051074 [D Thy? Rat Ro PO_ @ SIRENGH oF MisTERMs = @ [;THO-WALLeD ressure wesseLc (Bhasin Stewr” | @) Shes ued” Onacent Wessesy xe (Ux MD) Dynavic Loading! aN. Fees * Zod hey a “Tangeetin hid or Greamgerential sess] Gyr E (Oy" MO) Ovo? On + IF fune* Ba See Ge Gag (ty) |S ae a sean “igi ssl mend sess | Eas (hus) | SBR (ee fia ne ene Gr-us) | og RENAN EUR | Paxman chear shes eimencr waowe! oe iS oA Maker] te _ or eo | pee (tr 2) ee og sity lee Dero Cue Far tka Vey = Marienury crear sheess Dynamic Loading) Sea qe Grox? dey «IF VALIANT. ; gomeit Acie eT : @ _SWENGA oF waTERAts 8 6: Sye ig sey ker see Ke kit ke #K3 to VALIANT. - es —@ = Sre._-DESIGN Fr o-OIwhty = For equal leas Ls bitlitls ter 0909 Lay, + Lay = Lage a = er wu as 7 Wa? Wycs ~ Does + “ae 4. igo ok nd Pate Tutt PrioFux Dext en "Sexe ae coping | Bec rt Lona) [Rememoers Pete Lv > Tee | ogee 2.A="% Casfin) | P+ oneawL Fy be cra sed © Tebeating A= de (400) Fis0-5Fu Re (ay [0 Raiptacubeohearlamgie | P=0-ru oF0uL VALLANT. -@ Si DESIGN e ) + OsenaersHRON | wher: Ke10 Rx BEE GE Krevonmnded = |-0 Oty: SB Where: a}? cx (la be B Gna kr2.0 cy Bava, Krecommended ? 2-1 yes ; Kea0 Keeommendea * 2.0 VALIANT ===Tefes Patt t ie Poy T= Tt4y") LeTL=Ltlatly Whey 194900 on [eaarmenraguerwma | (BF Oye Tefhey + Fyex ® Sa tad on bot Tafa rte) |e be) 0 Fir 0-40F, Re {lPrrt Pratt yh tal | trae SP anc eli Sroniy jor mast stressed bolt Prye % di; ke + For tension lommmampemmag) | He 0.60R “WEED CONNECTONS | Pe(lfoxtPr) toy t Pry) | Ze HO, bey £50 iy te iy VALIANT _ 0 e@ STEEL DESIGN aed a ven FROG, , (Gagnon, | Ge tee ves(te) +09(Hi)' S24 Feels wm y ‘ ‘ey y one fallen gat (Hey, “ance support) , 45 Le60FF] sxc, | I em ps 0-35 Fic When: L_. (35100G Aavogts + ybo (bn es on he gal | ays 1 Ee oe se IMoOw Feros fe —— Fe = en 7 fe sen Vijy, £ oat value og Yey * | Oensandsive oid tnesboe / | )Mlwdole wend hess 02240 Gy Fee 296 Mo ISAIPIRT ¢,=0°5 5 f 24h) y VALIANT _te Poe eg pe. ees +2 | don® when” Nw & $0.5 r ta wiere Lo Fae e+: area og plate bearing, Were! X= larger value of m 3-01 1, lente Local web cra) Pea “aCBy [yas Peebee ith sven) ionssy Cm 0-85 Co near the end SAKAL camPResion an sewoitg” | Chia sera! t $a, Goto Coste (m= 0.v-0.4(44)2040 | tw (N4 5K)” aay (IB) (FR ay VALIANT _ EEL DESIGN 70.90 Par : a val = Aya CET = LRFO = 0% Ph where : det d-2k asp= Pr/q, wang inn ae whet Paz ure 7 0470.95 Sig? 200 fen 4, (te where > Ae= UAn Ta? 05h TY Fe And ORS hy =e 7 tk VALIANT ———Ruz Fre 7 = 0-96 Pn? Fer Ay 7 970-90 f= 1.09 te lod Ler0 = Os jithen F E4A1TEIeg or Fe2O-MUH, asp = Ba/a Fr? (0-658) Fy Ans MLct Fu S24 tFu For 70.87 Fe g: 0.38 ae ree Ee 22.09 2 Fn Raz 0.CFuAny + os Fu Ant £ 0.Gty Amy + Ur Fade EFLECTION e DEFLECTION OF BEAMS I VALIANT. ieee eearRaeS eo HOoUbLE INTEBRAMON ieTH0G jae Cd EL- Flexueal Kigidity xy ak ET = y(X)_~» deplection Cinmn) F wm x Ely! = (0 - «lope (in dion) a cs Ey" > y"(x)= MUX) ~ moment ot ae ue ey" = yl") + sheor equation * Fiyf = y4(X) + load equation an: 2 (Area ne) ‘on: lh) | a HAREA-WoMC_ METHOD) Saye gy (HO 4p) Ka Mabe ple \ 4 Mele 4 Gries + RULES OF Sian, ET, te BL) fly GDL, Feng te + GArby aofheh) eh GantTp EL is coostany Hee VIRTUAL WORK METHOD aunts) twee EY ye ft Mima dx + Seb cet the ) er 8 “gps Ct Mme dx eos Th oo Tr co < + — eI 2eT dnt See per fe at “f° pas cer Ber VALIANT REINFORCED CONCRETE_OESIGN | Re | [r-ben oF Sem seMocENACT!| + Raina Spacing op tira! TpVs <5 [Febud y yn 5 = 0.88 (2001 WP) | a? $ oF GDM 20. (WONSP)| Ie Ws > 3 Pelowd soo nsce: Vez OR ATFebwd 2) Soe yo Ve Vax = 2 800m 2001 NSCP: Ver “G WF toad 3,34 Vn < Ve , hear rengarem ant nay net be required 4 4) 5e Ve 2 Ver \s2Va-Ve SS Aebud 8) Spacing af shear Reingarcernent otf aa VALIANT _COM| NORMAL ED STRESSES “ARIAL_AND PENDING ” (Dam / wath | Footing) Stan 22h Sly LZ = Of ATE 6055, ‘. + a t= a | ! a ; ‘o i the @ a go 16 te eg eff et tit Oe afi +) —7 + ey Cheers “3 4 = oO 3 rucder RMON = tS, Ox @ %y of bos 8 7 : ebex «£8 qeae VALIANTPRESTRESSED CONCRETE e@ NN tod YY t I < os) he ny th My tht _ T j ve | 7 ty IM ay Motels My ‘Srreser due Due 40 ve ‘ond _—_Cifbied @ Vf todd ¥ top aie gt sng th AR my, “tM om: Fa (4) = in a iso Ser Pee Ay “ont [6 eine CGAY, FS. “oye VALIANT a O ) €,0,G) a= FLUID MECHANICS a= k= | poise = 0.1 Pars: a, \ stoke = 0.0001 Isee a= 1000 15 fn Tyer0i Ws @ ate | achn= 14-9 psi = Ho mmg> WIA kPa Buz 499 ye @ 1'C [x art ) en, vane? (cone c= ((%4) oar = RO a warns ores) Ger: Voie = Ne Ts eae Te ix 7 F + Peper toe Fa Vig fe 0.064 MY Pas ¢ Paage 4 Pam Fae ( (Fiebre) T? C4795 Prac Pat ~ Paine P-th VALIANT. Et VARQUE? ¥— HYDRAULICS «4% BF = Yq Vaiplaced tone =F @ Coane " ‘Lixmatwhate oF M27! tent > gis ca 1s ys aE i ws Geom, | cleans es vnlt | cas 2 a = W(x) = W(Nesio @) Cae 3? y> ad ome w(x) [,tate\ | osm ] ein apg 9g | VALIANT HYDRAULICS DRAULIC. e —— ‘fl Fle 8 YD) Reo “GP \ rw pies vO. Rez a 4] Ext Eadaed “tio? Es eee ease Boke. + PE. Re 7200 Turbulent Flow eygint velocity ond Ry Re= Ee For gorraitewlar Pressure head ag a reserve ta: MK res @ [lok #) ‘open is equal 40 vere. a TS Ree hcp Vip = 786 watts VALIANTja ae tn A we is, “HE = Ey Glebe mt Wo, “Eee ae ete ag tte tes —_ eae | eso? wen Wet Ee By HE- Hla Ee Hi Hipstream - Howson Ene Hhes® par Ape. tag ea Co WeorencaL. vewocny | Fig? QYHE ver Las Ect HA= Ee = Ovi Yano Lost | ve [cco CGH cre Hoa = Ea f Me Be ty ae 42H ek +2, 4 Qo Ge ee AVI Mee +E HAT Hla? Sig 1 +2 % [OmcrunL viscunnce * Pan = OHA B= GAIA VALLANT ———— @ HYDRAULICS @ Oru (EURO | a ise = CAG LH Ousenay lo Che fq + BCG tan ZH Var Gt. 24 te tanks he uigorm 255° H=h(it 4) | @=GytanF HF Note! Gaet?Gin (Stead) Jedtionel_ area chet (SE) _ se ten tad | 4, And tg @ ans Geet 2Gin (Head wil gall) Ag Avy Chodi a ee @=CyLn® ith Sie dpe af 1H 4e av] Ah, Ge Gat af Aedt 7 Hf Gis ok given en Guele6] Qe Leal”? @romprigicey AG. ag Yer cantaced redongutar | -o-teas'|4] > ®51450"| + Ty As is anstant ,Qiaz0 © weirs L? U0-1NH, =e! Fr] (ar "t0.48" 4. (Asan where Nene. af cortraction J Qe VALIANT_— Ovenrne Fare | Tpertaainseaier i" fede crt XW 4p hy Gin Qost ye FRB SH R 4 2g Gar * CreeinenRNe | C)swneienesdeciow af” As ah Rep _j Rehysrauic cad], 9 RE “i, net = weled perimeter 14 FR fecra cemminys Gon-wnFotn row REN) v= <1 meceninseieg | AcE 6-6-0. Ae we d HL hg nga go Sriereiteonicy Rea ve J%g(E-a) oroeieraatey | 6 +E [grime | @- Ot Ort Qs Lt ye (94 22) 40" VALIANT. LICS e G= A429 (ed) Ye , dids tds) g az wig of where = T= 4op width (prea (Suio"Critica depth) Fa < 10 Siewnssaag (Suger-critical depth) Fy 7 1-0ae GEOTECHNICAL Vol (Gs + Se) Su Sa en ee sumer 3 cums gemnoin ! —— liquid Sl where" N= @ IF blows Sagiew) a 10-20 Gov Na = @ 35 blows Fa cnany : 20-30 Far a vee St: Be >| Unaittnble VALIANTOtrinkage Lamit LL> so 2 Pr > 95 —— Very High mou roi! ‘ tt (50-00) & Pr (as-35) —— Mediam @ Aativity of Cay Wsto her <2s —_tw Pr Ae t \Werease in water content wold Phase Cewri-solid Phase. Plastic phase Liquid Phase tHare—earragy “(cheesey Coop toter} trean Soup) PT = Lb-PL i Day Shrinkage init Plastic Lit (PL) guia Unit (LL) VALIANT @ ctoranical e @siring Gepideck (52) I. AASHTO i | Gravel (6) = > dmm o, [Ds Boulder = 30-2 man=!000 man, bh= ha-he or Sond (8) * 2yam — 0.06 m0 Dis Gravel = 62mm 2am [Oy Ger ~ Bh Site (om) = 0-50.01 SAA NIE CS) ond = Smmn=9.095 0m ut Clay (2) = < 0.002 mm Pi z ; Sik = 0.035 mn 2-02 mm wwe) Ost Dot Coy = 0.002 mm veki oulders Gbbles = 1 mm- 00mm ee ae Sood 48070-0950] he et gt? gz kia Silt Olay = < 0-035 mm ne yt? I S=Vst = 300mm ~ \ovomM "Dee Do VALUANT. Bees| 3 Rana Qe cleP Ge?) Oittimate Bening Copadity |_©) 2 (Lanioda) Math a T= kb (ongined) T & Files, Bia) Qe: Wo-+20)PL ; ‘owavarT ayDeAULIC ! Go Nehe sive: reo cree GROUEHTINRATIPD! | where: c= ¥4u ou: 3(5) Uncongined 2 Ne 9 2g aw (t) i =p (Gv PL (hit he) Keg? H (hull + Kite... T.-fives 0 SAND y Cima (ORME og | a. aiff) | y 4 FS> wee (RBA 2-04 © tt (hi-he) ae CEE) VALIANT. 3) a GEDTECANICAL e | Gr = (Fuoy -38)[0-2-40.005 (LL-40)) + 0.01 (Figg 15)(PI-10) | Gee Peg Ap A> Oh ats} a eS | 0. esl1,, frit eo ore ee eer > PAK Drow ners ry | —_ Fl ‘i as ialcyh {ag a= koh (45 J lowers : - i tel fs Some. 7 sig Qian 92 Winky 6 (48) Ds i 1 pe Lmin-t)S+40_| - (eresminenopPDM | NP Ten ae ot o.,- » VALIANT@ ai [Riange of frickin [shearing esistanve dimer of Heh cine = plunger | axial | deviator stress « Normal stress @.... ib crear tres @ DAR dias of Mohe's cirde = maximum shear sress [GAmariouen /major principal stress Ppicor [riviowe principal stress = call [ chamber | wngining pressure EB icitwe plane VALIANT _ e GEOTECHNICAL e EGWPREESIENURYNORSOILS) | 2, itn! vertical egectve [aeRO oi es (8 wisp ay (eo~ ee) 4 day) bytes. ltt BPs tress increase (@ te | 5: ORTON iio ayy). |_oF vorwomusy onsoIOATED FINE [TL FRIMARY CONSOLIDATION ‘examen sons tim (2 MV4ee Pos) (ennwen sous! j_Hethickness ag stratum [clay | where Cs Svell dex Ge= compression index Fe pre-wnsolidation pressure} Qo initial oid cetio VALIANT |Csr EC to be Tye 181-0 993 Jog (\00-U"ls) i ra is recommended (T.AOMERABOROMSSUDAMOW | gy HCe Pot dO Ta Hoe Da neste IPG aa Youn ong - a 5 Hac (one-wy aioage) whys Tete ware hwe-way rinage)| ave = 25 VALIANT _ GEDTECHNICAL ALATERAL EARTH PRESSURE @RANKING'S PASSIVE COEFFICIENT Foot * Ixy 7 Ix QCOEFFIAENT OF A WEST ERIM (HORIZONTAL BACKFILL) + Max. Moment = N= Tay CHORMALLY CONSOLIDATED) tring ker ein ~\=sin le benanc caraCITY OF SOIL Oeoerricient oF ATREST EARTH |B) F= TEX BeK(VH) —|T. GeneraL SHEAR FANURE Cover _consotioaten) |@ With COHESION © Rectangular Footing Ko=(t-sa @) LOR pe-acNKa gu Nei J alg +0.576N9 [1 |G) RANKINE'S ACTIVE COEFFICIENT |@ CALTECH’. MoDE -9-2 5 Be chert side, L* lng side (HORIZONTAL BACKFILL) x(roxce) | Y¥ComTANE | @Stip_ footing __isind FRow) GoTTom) Guz cNe t4Nq +05 TBNy lasing + Twial Fore = Fr= Ix |@ Square footing * Location ¢fomn Botton = Yoo Gus |3CNe + QNg tO4UBNY VALIANTeo Qrastar Footing wt Where o's BC @RAWKINE’s ACINE COEFFICIANT Qu? |-ScNet QNg #0-3¥ONs Q': tan" le tan a] (Wound _BAgcFILL) Where + & BB are effective stress = ultimate bearing capacihy fapagg to Auda TT. LocaL SHEAR FAILURE ooh + cosh - ost au Net bearing capacity JODeMKWe’s passe coorAciENT O Rectangular Froting *Qna? fet allowable beating pressure| gue Ne [4 228} gig! 0-9 8Bnty ['- NT ara? 4 CINGINED BACKFUL) Ostrip Fern qu? 4u-4 ke cos Hast = cast az cNe'4 Ng! + OS TONG 79 na? & ~ wh ~J caste ~ gt O Square Footing Gig? Gra * 8 Qu? !3c'Ne tQNq't 0-4 SBNy’ Qcirwiar Footing, s Qut!3cNel tgNg'+ 0 8ONy' ~==9 CONTINUATION (LATERAL FARTH.~)} (@ couyms's ACINE COEFFICIENT CINGUNED BACKFILL) sin (64 9) ‘sin (+ $)sin (@-A) sin(p- €) sin (K+) @ couome's PASSIVE COEFFICIENT. GEOTECHNICAL @ @PECK'S EMPIRCAL_ PRESSURE DIAGRAM Jands SOR Cage Sige Clogs (INCLINED BACKFILL) 2 ® " gin? (o+ 0) 0 prose al ary ; z soso oi), Tinos Noo (o4a) 1035 5 Sr, etn Fa) [Jan @rayon @re) J ots 4671, = VALIANT.SLOPE STABILITY ( FOR CLANS), AK INFINITE SLOPE FOR SANDS | 8) CAMCAL HEIGHT SUPE ADFACIOR OF SAFETY AGAINST SLIDING | A) F-S shes Yee® On (WO PORE WATER PRESSURE) FS.* Gan : ¢ tanh _ |B) F.S. wir PARTAL SeEPAct Tash tab tanh - alts Th \ tan A) FAIR OF SAFETY AGAINST QIDNG \" Yat) 4and (PORE WATER PRESSURE) 6) FS. Wind PULL SERTAGE rb. < titan s5efe\ tan Vil os' tang — Tsat tand Seat] tang QmAvIMUNM HaiGHT OF THE LOPE (Her) [FINITE SLoFE ia A)STABILITY NuMbeR, Yoasrp (ton b-tand) Ca mH VALIANT HNDRODYNA\ A (v-u')*(-oase) Fp (V-v') sine ge Vota Se Net + Fat™ Vgis Not + 2as Fez pQ(Vix-Wax) Fy= pa (vy-Vey) rcv a's Aur & eS riyt Fe SE (Wax Vix) fu ay tan Qe oe re (Vag + Vig) VALIANTagra nmi review 2001/2010 NSCP Selected Sections Amini kare. varguez wv Name of student'NSCP COEFFICIENTS FOR CONTINUOUS BEAMS AND SLABS Section ADR4 of NSCP states that in lew of frame analyst, the fllowine porenimate moment and shears are permite for design of continous beams and ‘nteway sabe (abs reinforced to rest Mesural stress in any ome deci} provided (2). Thereare tro oF mre spans, (6). Spansare approximately equal withthe larger oftwo adjacent spans not irate han the shorterby more than 20 perecnt, (9) Loads are uniform dstrbuted. {Unt tive des not exceed three times unit dead loa, and 0) Members are pramatie Discontinuous end unrestrained mena 11 Discontinuous end Integral with spporesn-—nn-—ela?/ 14 Interior sp nnn rennet / 16 Negative moment at exterior face of isinterie support TWO Spa ener 9 Morethan wo spans 10 Negative momenta other faces of interior Supports ewes 1 Negative momenta interior fae of exterior suppor for members bulk integrally with supports ‘Where supportisaspandrel beam wel 24 When support isa eam enna 18 hearin end members at face of fist interior support 11S laf 2 Shear at fe of al ther supports ental 2 ‘Where La = lear span for positive moment or shear and average of advent lear” spans fo negative moment. 4 doe etre a ee See! fee ) | 595.2.0ne-way Construction (Nonpredreséedy [\ ‘59.5.2. Minimum thickness stipafated in Table 5,9.5 (a) shall apply For one-way construction not supporting or attached to partion ot ‘other construction likely tobe damaged by large deflections unless computation of deNecuon indicates Teser thickness gan be Used without adverse effects A SAN / on {STRESSED BEAMS "ARE COMPUTED © 595. Reinforced concrete members subjected to. seas shall be ‘TABLES (2) ‘OR ONEWs L tainents | coon py ie cats, | coneever Meer os uporing oe aachd to pacons \ See atthe et tart L siege ecco geo [ee | |e meet | tiie [poss wa | ue © Spantengt isin miieters Valu en sa pe used iret or members with norma desi oncrete (= 2300 kg/m) and rade 415 reiforcomen For ome. ae ea be modified as follows: Hs 2} For structural ighweightconerete having uit weighs nthe range 15002000 kgm the values shal be multiplied by (2.680 {1oGo3 7) buenot ess than 108, where else nl ase kam (ty forty ter din 415 MPa the values sabe mulled by 43/700) Shear (2001 NSCP) 5.11.3 Shear Strength Provided by Concrete for Non: prestressing Members 5.11.3.1 Shear strength Ve shall be computed by provisions of Sec S11 3141 through 5113.4, unless a more detalled calculation i ‘made in accordance with Sec. 5.11.32 '5,11.3.14 For members subject to shear and Nlexure only, Fone ans) 5.11.3: For members subject oll omen, (Be) (Ena \ (te) va uty We / Asa began MP 5.11.3.1.3 For members subject to significant axial tension, shear Fenfaroment sal be dened cay alah, .113..4CdecioNighere factored trol moment, ces NT hy, a (ns) fee 5.113. Shear strength Ve may be computed by the more detailed )catelation of$ee.5.113.21 through §:11:323. 5113.2,1for members subject to shear and flere ) vee|( ora fs) orlova but nt greater than 03 JF bw d, Quantity Ys d/Me shal ot be taken greater than 1.0 in computing Ve by Eq. (11-6), where M. is factored moment occurring simultaneously with V. at section considered (11-6) 5.11.3.2.2 For members subjectto axial compression, Eq(11-6) may be used to compute V. witn Mu substituted for My and Vs 4/M, not then limited to 1.0, where Mae Ma-Ne had @ any However, Veshall not be taken greater than (ara) ‘Quantity No/Ay shal be expressed in MPa, When Ma as computed by Eq, (11-7) is negative, Vz, shall be computed by Eq, (11-8) 5.11.3.23 For members subject to significant axial tension, (11-9) where Ny is negative for tension, Quantity Ni/A, shall be expressed in MPa, Circular Members For circular members, the area used to compute Ve, shall be taken 3 the product of the diameter and effective depth of the canst section. It shall be permitted to take the effective depth as 08 tres the diameter ofthe concrete section, Page!Shear (2010/2015 NSCP) 411.4, Shear Strength Provided by Concrete for Non-prestressing Members Circular Members For circular members the area used to compute Vs Shall be taken as the productofthe diameter and effective depth ofthe concrete section. Ir shal bbe permitted to take the elective depth as O8 times the diameter of the 411.4.1 Simplified Calculation: Shoar strength V; shall be computed by provisions of Sec 5.11.31.1 through 5.11314, unless a more detailed tculation is made in accordance with Sec. 5.11.32. 411.4.1.1 For members subject to shear and flexure only, Ver 037A Fb any 2. robe act etl omni, veeor7(14-8e) AJP bed a. n037 [Lact (Quantity Ns / A shal be expressed in MPa 4114.12 For members subject to significant axial tension, shear reinforcement shall be designed to carry total shear. 41142 Detaled Caleation Sen strength Vmay bcomputed by the wore dealed cation ofSeeS11324 tough 11923. 4114.21 Por members subject shear and ere only, vee [[oan team. al ars bur not rater than 029 (Fb & Quantity Ye Ma shal 5 be ake frente tan 10 in computing V by Fa (1-6, wher i factored Een occurngSimulaenesy ie tsncion pete {814.22 For members subject ail compres, (1-6) be ed ty compute V. with Me subsitated or Ma a-We) Me not Tied 10 where j avy vars SI ‘However, V- shall not be taken greatenthan 7 as oof Quantity N./Ac sal be expressed in MP3. Whe, Maas computed by Eq, (11-7) is negative, V, Shall be computed by Bq (11-8). i 411423 (oN 9 signifleant axial tension, 017 (1,27 boa Won} ‘where Nu is negative for tension. Quantity Na/Ay shall be expressed in MPa, 411.3 Lightweight concrete ars) 4113.1 Provisions for shear strength apply to normal weight concrete ‘When lightweight aggregate concrete is used, one of the following ‘modifications shall apply 411.1. When isnot spect al values of JF affecting Vo Te and Me shall be multiplied by 3 modieation fctor 2 where Ais 075 for all lightweight conctete and_ O85 for sand-lighswelgt concrete Linear {ntepoltion between OAS and 1.0 shall be permed onthe bass of ‘ohumetnic actions for concrete contaiag” normal weight fine aggregate anda blend of lightweight and normal weight coarse ‘Aggregates For normal weight concrete, A= 10, average spiting tensile strength of lightweight conerete,isspeciie, 3/056 JF, $1.0 PURO as 1. Threshold torsion: For Nonprestressed members, it shall be permitted to neglect torsion effect the factored torsional moment Tei es than: ne doh (Mt ae (35) 2. Torsional moment strength: The adequacy feo sections under Combined shear and be sun the (A) Ep.) softest ie ee fete wes ed o: ott ) Se PAM oxo where Ae shill he determine by analysis except that t shall be erie ote Ae oq t0O8Shu: 6 sal not he taken salle Than 30 degrees nor larger than 60 depres It shal be permitted take B equal (a) 45 degrees for nonprestressed members or members with less prestress than in (b); 0° () 37.5 degrees for prestressed members with an effective prestress force not less than 40 percent of the tensile Strength ofthe longitudinal reinforcement. 4. Theadditional area of longitudinal reinforcement to resisttorsion, As shall not be less th: 5. Minimum torsion reinforcement: Where torsional reinforcement 's required, the minimum area of transverse closed stirrups shall be computed by: Ay + 2h = 0.062 JF et but shall not be less than (0.35bw5)/fx 6 Where torsional reinforcement is required the minimum total area ‘of longitudinal torsional reinforcement, Ann shall be computed by: SyEAy s), 4 (Apt (2s where Ac /5 shall not be taken less than (1/6) bw [ff refers to closed transverse torsional reinforcement, and "f, refers to longitudinal torsional reinforcement Nn 7. Spacing of torsion reinforcement: The spacing of transverse torsion reinforcement shall not exceed the smaller of px /8 or 300 Page?‘The longitudinal reinforcement required for torsion shall be distributed around the perimeter of the closed stirrups with a ‘maximum spacing of 300mm. The longitudinal bars or tendons shall be inside the stirrups, There shall beat least one longitudinal bar oF tendon in each corner ofthe stirrups Longitudinal bars shall have a diameter at least 0.042 times the stirrup spacing but not less than a No.10, Where ‘Ay area enclosed by outside perimeter of concrete cross setion, mm? {A otal area of longitudinal reinforcement to resist torsion, mm [As gross area enclosed by shear flow path, mm? ‘Ac “area enclosed by centerline of the outermost closed transverse torsional reinforcement rm? [Av -area of one leg ofa closed stirrup resisting torsion within spacings, fy ~specifed yield strength fof transverse reinforcement, MPa Poy “outside perimeter of concrete cross section, mm, Pe -perimeter of centerline of outermost closed transverse torsional reinforcement, rm PT ‘5214 Special Provisions for Seismic Design 5214.4 Transverse Reinforcement 5.21.4.4.1 Transverse reinforcement as speified below shall be provided unless large amount is required by Sec. 521.7. (4) The volumetric ati of spiral or circular hoop reinforcement, ps, shall not be les than that indicated by pe O42Fe/ tu 212 and shall not be less than « hae os(*-a) is Geo} : (2) The total cross-sectional area of rectangular hoop reinforce ‘shall not be less than that given by: sas) savoa thls [A] Y 24 ne 4 {™ ‘\ A (2) Transverse reinforce shall be provided by einer sage or creeping bcp Crone be amy braun pce se the ho abe wl ah om of ee sl ene peripheral longhutina\toinfrcng bt Conective cesses wee ) itefe design so Meth ofa core eatises te requrement at the specie lading combatonsncang ert sce Ea Gis) and (10°) ned a beste a= 00 5214.42 Trarisverse-ethforcement shall be spaced at distance not ‘aceding (a) one-quarer of the minimum member dimension, () 3 {imes the diameter of longitudinal reinforcement and (e) as defined by times (©)asdefined by Eq, 350-4, 00 + 350-1 5 215 ‘The value ofS shall not exceed 150 mm and need not be taken less than 100mm, Where ‘Aa.= cross-sectional area ofa structural member measured out-o- ‘out of transverse reinforcement, min? total cross-sectional area of transverse einforcemen {including crossties) within spacing s and perpendisige dimension he {n= specified yield strength of transverse reinforcement MPa hne=cross-sectional dimension of column core measuted center enter of outer legs of the transverse reinforce comprising area Aa, mm, thc = maximum horizontal spacing of hoop or crasste less on faces of column, em 's = spacing. of transverse reinforcement measured along h Tongitadinal axis ofthe structural member, mm [BEAM DEFLECTION (SECTION 5.9.5) 1409.62. Where deflections are tobe computed, defections that occur immediately on application of oad shall be eomputed by usual metho or formulas for elastic deflections, considering efects of cracking ah Feinforcement on member silness 4092.8 Uns steels are oaned Wore mre nals, Immediate deflection sallbe computed withthe modulus v lastly Bor coneete and with the efeeuve-moment of Ineri Follows but not greater than (409.9 q 4 ie ) San Fame tres Steen MPS noms ait concretenfe=07 JF ‘M, = maximum moment in member at stage deflection is computed. tet ae cps toe a rasecingrene ee par esc coa ake eernestonces et ana ete enero iat ora ct War lgteegh sega steed a te falowing nda ‘shall apply: {3 Wi apecite and concrete proportioned nacre Sec A063, € call oaiedbyeuating tata rhe value of 18 fet shall not exceed JF (0) hon tl not spect, al be mulled by 075 fo“ lightweight” concrete, and 085 for “sand-lightweight” concrete Linear interpolation is permitted if partial sand replacement is uss 409.62.4 For continuous members effective moment of inertia may be taken as the average of values obtained from Eq. (409-9) fr the eit positive and negative moment sections For prismatie members elective ‘moment of inertia may be taken asthe value obtained from Ea, (109-9) 3° midspan for simple and continuous spans, and at the suppor fr 409.6.2.5 Unless values are obtained by a more comprehensive anal additional long-term deflection resulting from creep and shrinkage of Alexural members (normal weight or lightweight concrete) shall Oe determined by multiplying the’ immediate ‘deflection caused Dy the ‘sustained load considered, by the factor £ te Tos0p° (409-12) ‘where p shall be the value of reinforcement rato for non-prestresse compression reinforcement at midspan fr simple and continuous Sa and at support for cantilevers. I is permitted to assume the fe ‘dependent factor § for sustained loads to be equal to: 5 years OF More nn 2.0 T2months Smonthsconn nad Bmonths wom et. Page3—— 408.6 Modulus of Elasticity 1408.6 Modulus of elasticity Ec for concrete shall be permitted to be aeen as ws 0083,)F, (in MPa) for values of w. between 1500 and 500 ke/m?, For normal weight concrete, Eshallbe permitted tobe taken 34700 VF. 408.3 Modulus of elasticity E. for prestressing tendons shall be sethrined by tests or supplied by the manufacturer. Section 508.3 ofthe National Structural Code ofthe Philippines gives the Sowable stessin compression as follows: (On gross section of the axially loaded compression members, when tye, te largest effective slendermess ratio of any unbraced segments fess than C: pox TOS 57343 [8-078 where: 2 (KL /C coe PRE ve (n gross section of the axially loaded compression members, when Kujrexceeds Ce sectve length factor for both ends pin for bath ends fixed i K=0,7 for one end fixed and other end pin [FIGURE CODE-009 | ‘Allowable Bending Stress: Shaped members and channels bent about major axis Members with compact section: For members with compact section and with braced length Ly La the llowabl bending sires n both ension and compressions = 0.965, Fo.() 137,900 where Lei the smaller vant 2B. snd 227 neem ce 20 a 278 Members with non-compact section Ferment wine te xp that ther anges are SoNcomptt (Crcting Dl up membre and merbers with yield poets greater Re owabie emai stress it oth tension and Shan 440 no) compressions ( 7 =F; (079-00007622- JF #0) Members with compact or non-compact section with a> Lt “Allowable bending stress tension eat Members with compact or non-compact section and with unbra length La> L, the allowable bending stress in tension is Fy=0608 0) Allowable bending stress in compression: The allowable bending stress in compression is determined 2st larger value of, (4) oF Ea (5) whicheveris applicable, and Eq, (6) except that Eq, (6) Is applicable only to section with compression Mlange that s solid and approximately rectangular in cross-section “and that hasan area not less than the tension flange. For channels, the allowable compressive stress determined from Eq, (6). isi63306,, ‘When sez, suey F BOM] 5, coco 4.6) 3 Tossx10°G, | when LAF 006 Fa.(5) Forany value of +.» Fx S2THCS coor, ea (6) aya, Where: (Go = 178+ 1.05 (Mi/Ms) rO3(MY/Ma} <2.3 a7) ’ Where Mss the smaller nd Ms isthe larger bending momenta the nus of the unbraced length, and where the ratio of moments MM: is positive when My and Mz have the same sign (reverse curvature bending) and negative when Mand Ms have opposite sign (single curvature bending). When the bending moment at any point ofthe tinbraced Tength is larger than at both ends of this length, C= 10. For cantilever beams, Cy = 10 ‘where ‘r= lange width, mm fe flange thiekness, mm depth, mm tee web thickness, mm area of eompression flange = byt (mm) irs distance betwen cross-sections braced against ewist and ‘lateral displacements of the compression flange, mm r= rus of gyration ofthe section comprising the compression flange plus 1/3 of the compression web area taken about an axis inthe plane of the web, mim 208.5 Reduction of Live Loads ‘The design live load determined using the unit live loads asset forth in ‘Table 205-1 for flors and Table 208-3, Method 2, for roofs may be reduced on any member supporting mare than 15m’, including fat ibs, except for floors in places of public assembly and for lve loads [greater than 48 kPa in accordance with the following equation: Res(A-15) (205-1) ‘The reduction shall not exceed 40 percent for members receiving load {om one level only, 60 percent for other members or R, as determined by the following equation: R=23.(1 + D/L) (208-2) where [A =area of floor or roof supported by the member, square meter. m 1D = dead load per square meter af area supported by the member, kPa nit live load per square meter of area supported by the member KPa Pagesreduction in percentage, %. F = ate of reduction equal to 0.08 for Noors. See Table 205-3 fr roofs For storage loads exceeding 4.8 kPa, no reduction shall be made, except ‘that design live loads on columns may be reduced 20 percent. “The live load reduction shall not exceed 4046 in garages forthe storage ‘of private pleasure cars having a capacity of not more than rine passengers per vehicle JRE CODE-011 205.6 Alternate Floor Live Load Reduction Asan alternate to Equation 205-1, the unitlve loads set forthin Table 205-1 may be reduced in accordance with Equation 205-3 on any ‘member, including at slabs, havingan influence area of 40 m® or more, sot foaseasy | (2053 (WA, oo dd Snead pe sure meter fre sped the fear Late deg iron posure ete fren spore by seopenber rae 281 ‘The influence area Ais four tlmes the tributary area fora column, two times the tributary area for a beam, equal tothe panel area fora two- ‘way slab, and equal tothe product ofthe span and the fll Mange width fora precast T-beam “The reduce live load shall not be less than 50 percent of thetint Ie load L for members receiving load from one level only, nor less than 40 percent of the unitlive load le for other members. 407: Spacing Limits fr Reinforcement 4077.1 The minimum dear pacing bet ween parallel Bars (na lye Shall dh but ot ess han 25 rm Se alo Section AOL? 407.72 Where parallel reinforcement s placed in tw oF more layers, bars in the upper layers shall be plated directly above"bars in the bottom layer with clear distance between layers not less than 25 mim, {877 snr it tree nenern tet distaneebecaerlonpiainlbarsealft bees ten 135 oF Iesthan 40 mm. Ste la Seton 403.42 40774 chord i ecyden tars hall alas to the Gardisgncebetwesha oni alr and sdacent ope ora 40775 primary f threetimes wall and slabs otMer than concrete joist construction, ral reinforcement shall not be spaced farther apart than wallorstab thickness, nor farther than 450 mn, 407.76 Bundled Bars 407,761 Groups of parallel reinforcing bars bundled in contact to act asa unit shall be limited to four bars in one bundle, 407-762 Bundled bars shall be enclosed within stirrups or tes. 4407.7.63 Bars larger than 36 mm shall nt be bundled in beams 4072764 Individeal bars within a bundle terminated within the span of Alexural members shall terminate a different points with atleast 404 stagger. 407.765 Where spacing limitations and minimum concrete cover are based on bar diameter ds unit of bundled bars shall be treated as a single bar ofa diameter derived from the equivalent total area NscP 2010/2015 409.4.2 Strength-Reduetion Factor Strength-reducion factor $ shall be given if Sections 409.42.1 through 409.427 409.42,1 Tension controled sections as defined, Section 410.44 (seealgo Section 409.4.2.7) nee 080 409.422 Compress{on contalled sections, as defined in ‘Section 4104.3 1. "Members with spiral einforcbhtent conforming to Section AIOAD Fenn OTS 2./ Other reinforéed members vm O65 For sections in Which the net tensile Strength, i between the limits for compresslon-contralled and tension-controlled sections, shall be permitted tobe lieaPy increased from that for compression-contrlled Sections to 090 a e inereases from the compression-controlled strain limite 0.005. {204 General piikptesand requirements 4410.41 Design of cross sections subject to flexure or axial loads, oF to combined flexure and axial loads, shall be based on stress and strain compatibility using assumptions in Section 4103 "410.42 —Balanced strain conditions existat across section when tension rwinfoteement reaches the strain corresponding tof ust as concrete In compression reaches its assumed ultimate strain of 0003 440.43 — Sections are compression-controlled ifthe net tensile strain in {the extreme tension steel, e, is equal to or less than the compression controlled strain limit when the concrete in eompression reactes Its assumed strain limit of 0.003. The compression-controled strain limit i= ‘the net tensile strain inthe reinforcement at balanced strain conltions For Grade 415 reinforcement, and forall prestressed reinforcement, t shall be permitted to set the compression-controled Strain limit equal to 0.002. 410.44 ~ Sections are tension-controlled if the net tensile strain in the extreme tension steel, eis equal to oF greater than 0,00S when the oncrete in compression reaches its assumed strain limit of 0.03, Sections with er between the compression-controled stra limit and (0.005 constitute a transition region between compression- controlled and tension-controlled sections. 410.465 — For non-prestressed Mexural members and non-prestressed members with factored axial compressive load less thaa 0.10". Ay fat hominal strength shall not be less than 0.004 4104.6 — Use of compression reinforcement shall be permitted in conjunction with additional tension reinforcement to Increase. the strength of flexural members. en LRFD STEEL (2010/2015 NSCP) 504.2 Tensile Strength ‘The design tensile strength, QP» and the allowable tensile strength, P/ of tension members shall be the lower value obtained according t the Timit states or tensile elding inthe gross section and tensile rapture In the net section. Mas PagesFor tensile yielding inthe grass section: Pus Bye 9=090(LRFD) = 1.67 (ASD) For tensile rupture in the net section: Po Fede (ASD) 0.75 (LRFD) Block She ‘The design orblock shear strength shall be Re= 0.6 Fe Ane # Fe An $05 Fy Apt Fe Ay $0.75 (LRFD) Where: ffective net area as (asp) ‘Aw = net area in shear ‘Ag= metatea in tension ‘Ay= ross area in shear FIGURE 1-A: BEAM DIAGRAM AND DEFLECTION For Various Static Loading Conditions ‘Continuous Beam - Four Equal Span - Third Span Unloaded tol R= 0380 wl 0.380 et 0.6001 sumak’ Ci pcre 0.6200 ‘0397.1 oto 007200 ‘MOMENT “ssor! Ryn 1223ut Re 03571 ose! Ro 0598 0017908 0.0611 aaear| AMax. (0475 rom E) = 0.009%/ EL 0 2psuet Re=04t2 wl Oot -0gssior Faamr ‘Continuous Beam - Four Equal Span - Load First & Third Spans wl “ T 0.09060 MOMENT wl 5 or fT RenOdaed Rend! Rye OSTI Ren M0 somet 0.018 wl, Saat 0.054 wil _ 0.054 wi siren re set! ostew! oe ee 9 ta! waa 051 AMax. (04771 from A) = 0.0097.0/ EL Continuous Beam - Four Equal Span - All Spans Loaded wl a T Ry 0398 21 wl wl ® mane fre 1 RyeLM3w R= 09280! Ry 118 wt wl Dro te ae: Re = 0298 0.395 01 0536 wt 0464 wt 0.607 wt SHEAR Cy ry fy 0.607 wt Ties wr 052601 9.363ut on 07 be alae ox0pte +0077 +0.036ie Pr 006A 0077200 MOMENT a 2 a es << aoat ama oma Naar Max. (0.440 from A and E) = 0.0065/E1 Pages