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 Follicle

Infundibulum
Where
fertilization
Oviduct : happens: ovule
releases Vagina/ Cloaca
25 – 27 Inches 10-15min Magnum
Helps to expel the egg
63-68 cm Albumin
secretion Isthmus warehouse
Internal and 1m
2-3h Uterus
external Shell
Shell formation,
membranes are
adding liquid to
formed. 1-2h
the egg
(enlargement)
albumin layering
20h
 Shell/ Shell Membrane
Pander Nucleolus
Albumin outer thick layer

Outer thick layer albumin

Blastodisc

Chalazae

Chalazae

Albumin inner
Latebra thin layer

Clear Yolk Albumin outer

Dark Yolk Latebra neck thin layer
 Outer Shell Membrane

Inner Shell Membrane

65-85°F
102°F
Air cell

Albumin
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Yolk Albumen shell
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Basic structural layers description:
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Basic structural layers description:
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 shell weight x100 / whole egg weight
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Visual check defects
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 SCIENTIFIC
VALUES/RESULTS
The Effect of Egg Shell Quality on Hatchability and Embryonic Mortality
G. R. McDANIEL, et al 1978
Higher specific gravity
(36weeks) (52weeks) (64 weeks) result:
• Better hatch %
• Less embryo
mortality (1-7d)
 SCIENTIFIC
VALUES/RESULTS
The influence of eggshell crack types on hatchability and chick quality
M. M. Khabisi, et al. 2011
Hairline cracks result:
• Less egg weight at
transfer
• More Egg weight loss %
• More Incubation Hours
• Less hatchability
• Less fertility
• Less Hatch of fertile
 SCIENTIFIC
VALUES/RESULTS
The influence of eggshell crack types on hatchability and chick quality
M. M. Khabisi, et al. 2011
Hairline cracks result:
• Less yolk-free body
mass

Hairline cracks and star

cracks result:
• Less liver weight
• Less breast weight
→
• https://hatchingchicks.com.au
• C. Bowles : www.meadowfeeds.co.za
• www.backyardchickens.com
• http://voice.gardenbird.co.uk
• Bennett, CD, 1992- influence of shell thicknes on hatchability in commercial b&r breeder flocks. J. Appl. Poult Res.
1:61-65.
• McKctn, W.D, 1983. Using specific gravity for eggshell quality control. wltural Cooperative Eaension, University of
California, San Bernardino, ck
• NEW ALTERNATIVES FOR IMPROVING EGG SHELL STABILITY THROUGH BREEDING Christian Cordts, Dr Matthias
Schmutz, Prof Dr Rudolf Preisinger (Lohmann, Cuxhaven, Germany)
• Cobb hatchery management guide
• Aviagen : what is a good quality hatching egg
• Measuring hatching eggshell quality - K. Bramwell et al. , 2009