Date Page THERMODYNAMICS = stem from The Greek words theme Cheat) and dynamics ( force, or power), thermeaynamies is both a branch of pnysics and engincering suence. A. LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS 4) ZEROTH LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS = When any te bodies are in thermal equilibrium with the third body, they are IN therMal ¢quiliprium with €ach other. 2) FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS : (LAW OF CONSERYATION OF ENERGY) = Energy cannot ve created nor be destroyed ,it can only be tanspormed from one form fo another. GB) SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS = Heat cannot be transferred FIOM cold body 7.0 hot body without ah ‘input OF work. It similarity wicties (rat Wat cannot Ve Convertta 100% ND work, the bottom line ‘is that an engine mum operate between a hot Raced reservoir, 4) THIRD Law OF THERMODYNAMICS ~ The total ensropy OF pure substances Approaches 2€r as the OvDute the modynamic temperature approaches Zero. SYSIEM? is @ quantity oF Matter or a region In space Chasen For STudy. may ve As simple as a Free body OF as COMpIEX AF an EMAre chemical refrery- * Everything external to the system We contictered % ve part of MR sysRAR SURKOUNE DING. the wystem ir distinguished prom its (SURROUNDING by O Specified BOUNDARY. B. TYPES OF SYSTEMS YCLOSED S¥sTEM T refers 10 a Fixed quantity of matters whereas Q contror volume a region OF space through which mace mat fiw. 6 defined when a articular quanhty oF moter under study. A closed system always containe the weame morten. 2ISOLATED SySTEM _ > A.specicn type op claed wistem #Rot does nor interact ih any way win its surrounciags. ‘Scanned with CamScannerDate. _Page 8) CONTROL MASS . = is comehncr used in ploce oF closed system. 4) OPEN SYSTEM = ie ued lnterchangeauly with, control volume - = wen the ferme control mass and Control volume are used, the sysien boundary is opten referred 10 as a Centrel curface PROPERTY ~ Isa mocrascopic charaucricics of A system such as Mass, volume, energy, pressure & temperature +0 which a numerical value can be asigned at a given Time without Knowkdge of fhe previous benavice C history) oF #e system. STATE = refers to the condition of a system ar dercribed by its properties. Since there, are, nMally relations among the properties OF G1 eystem, the State often can be sspecifled py providing the Valuer ofa subset of the properties. 2 GENERAL ClASsES OF THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES “9 EXTENSIVE : ip Hr value For an overa system ic the sum of its values For Abe parts into which the wystem divided - The extensave Properties of a cystem can change with fim, ond many thermoclynamice ananyses consists mainty OF corcfully Ckcouniing For changes in extenrive properties such ar mass & energy Aa system Mteracts with itt curoundling:. 2) INTENSIVE: are not additive in the sence Previously Considered. thelr yatuel are Idependentiy of the “ize or extent OF a syle and may vary From pace, © proce within she system at ony moments aa PROCESS oo =A procecs is a transformation From one stale 1 anotter, STEADY STATE : = it none of TtL_properties. changer with time, : ‘Scanned with CamScanner