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    Seismic Principles Practice Exams PDF

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    PROBLEMS PRACTICE EXAM I 86868GHGHH8HH8HEB SeegegeeHesengsaee eeeseseesessagaed O80888888B8GE8SN88 sage See sesedeiess G86 HHO EHEEORHABHAEHGBHOHAHBO GVOCHGHHSHVGHOHHHHHGHHHHGAHOHH GBBGREHOBHERHBHHEHHEHOHHHSHEBH PPI @ wow. ppiapass.com PRACTICE EXAM I: PROBLEMS 3 1. @ points) ‘Which California law requires the State Geologist to es- tablish regulatory zones around all known active faults? (A) Seistnie Zone Act (B) Alquist-Priolo Act (©) Riley Act (D) Special Studies Zones Act 2. (1 point) ‘The design earthquake motion per ASCE/SEI7 prove sions corresponds to (A) 1.5 times the maximum considered earthquake ground motion (B) 2/8 times the maximurn considered earthquake design motion (C) 2/3 times the earthquake that has a 10% prob- ability of being exceeded in 50 years (D) 3/2 times the earthquake that has @ 10% prob- ability of being exceeded in 50 years 3. (2 points) ‘The building shown has walls of uniform thickness. What type of vertical structural irregularity is prob- able? 120 Kips (530 kND 0 kips (680 KN) 160 kips (710 XN) 10 kips (240 KN) I ICL ILL] INNIS (I) soft story, (1) mass (weight) irrogularity (U1) in-plane discontinuity (A) Tonly (B) Moly (©) Tend (D) 1,11, and UT 4. (2 points) A155 fe (47.24 m) steel building in Los Angeles will be braced laterally by a steel eccentrically braced frame structure (ic., non-moment resisting connections at col- ‘umns away from links). ‘The structure will be utilized as a communication center that can respond in emer- gencies, The geotechnical engineer estimates the $; and, 5, values are 0.2 and 0.5, The design base shear using, the equivalent lateral-force procedure is most nearly (A) o.026w (B) 0.0200 (©) oossw (D) oo4aw 5. (2 points) ‘The design base shear for an 80 f (24.4 m) structure with eight stories of equal height and floor weight in seismic zone 3 is 49,500 Ibf (220 186 N). The fundamen- tal period for this structure is 0.68 sec. The distributed ‘base shear at level three is most nearly (A) 3900 1bt (17000 N) (B) 4100 Ibf (18000 N) (C). 7800 IbE (34000 N) (D)_ 8500 IbE (38000 N) 6. (2.5 points) ‘Which ofthe following geotechnical conditions cant dam- ‘age even well-designed structures? (1) large settlement or lateral spreading of soll be- neath structures (11) ground movements associated with surface rupture (UID) slope failure (A) Lonly (B) Monty (©) Lond 11 (D) 1,11, and a PPI # www.ppldpasscom, 4 SEISMIC PRINCIPLES PRACTICE EXAMS 7. (25 points) Ci cd Which ASCE/SHIT formula should be ased to deter alt unine the total design lateral seiamic force on elements of structures, nonstruétural components, and equipment Shaws supported by structures? ures @) v= 228w structure T 1.00985 lV ®) =| 2 = 5 Te = Z / ght reat e @ v- ew (2m) A Dwihe , _ FSps Ww @ v= Ben : regular structure . Ge a In California, which of the following types of bailding construction have generally had a good seismie perfor- mance record? (1) unreinforced masonry (URM) bearing. wall ooo buildings = , (HD) steel and concrete frames with URM infil IOI) ie PILI ICI IIT) nonductile concrete frames | ” an won! (gl tC] only, (762m) ®) Wonly LILI (©) land Ir CIC (D) none of the above moo 9. (8 points) POET N ‘Three special steel moment-resisting frame structures leragular tract are shown in the following iMlustrations. For all struc- structure tures, the design spectral response acceleration pa- rameters are Sps = 0.75, and Sp: = 0.6, the seismic : design category is F, and the oerupency category is (A) Fone TIL. Based on ASCE/SEI? requirements, which of the Mel anoee following structures can be designed using the equiva- (©) Land Jent lateral-force procedure for its seismic force-resisting (D) 1,1, ond mm systems? PI # srwnm ppidpsss.com PRACTICE EXAM I: PROBLEMS 5 30. (2 points} In a building, an adequate load path is essential for seismic resistance. In a lsteral-force resisting system, ‘tho complete path of the lateral force should be in what order? (D The vertical elements transfer the lateral forces into the foundation, and the foundation ‘rensfers them to the ground. (11) The diaphragms distribute lateral forees to vortical elements of the building. (IID) Lateral forees are transferred through struc- ‘ural connections to the horizontal diaphragm. (A). through TH only (B) from Ill to IT (©) from If to Ill tol (D) from III to I to 11, (2 points) Deficient shear capacity of an existing wood structural panel diaphragm can be improved and strengthened by which of the following techniques? (D by providing additional nailing (11) by adding a new layer of wood structural pan- als (111) by reducing the diaphragm’s span through the addition of new shear walls or braced frames (A) Monly (8) Land (©) 1,01, and I (D) none of the above 12. (2 points) Which of the following documents should NOT bear the seal and signature of a registered civil enginecr? Assume these documents contain factual data only. (0) project background and information sheets (2) reports on gathered environmental data (1) draft/incomplete documents (A) Dlonly (B) Tand (C) Vand I (0) 1,1, and a 13. (2 points) Fora one-story wood:-frame building with a wood struc- ‘tural panel roof diaphragm, consider two walls: the west wall at midspan and the south wall at the intersection of lines X and 1. Which statement is comect? The redundancy /reliability factor, p, i 1.0. aon pact 100 em ot (1459 Nim) (122m) oa rg (239 Nir) (A) The chord forces in both walls are the same. (B). The chord force in the south wall is twice the chord force in the west wall (C) The chord force in the south wall is half the ‘chord force in the west wall. (D)’ ‘The chord force in the south wall is 2er0. 14. (2 points) “The largest earthquake ground motion that is expected to occur sometime in the life of a structure to be built at a specific site is the maximum (A) probable earthquake (B) considered earthquake (©) prodictable earthquake (D) theoretical earthauake 15. (2 points) ‘The natural frequency (f) of system T is 0.5 Hz, and the natural period (77) of system II is 2 sec. Systems I ‘ond II are single-dezree-of-freedom systems. Which of the following statements is correct? (A) A> fu end > Ty (8) f= fu and T= Ty (©) fi Ta (D) fi < fa ond %< Tr PPL # wuwppidpass.com, 6 SEISMIC PRINCIPLES PRACTICE EXAMS 16. (2 poinis) A120 ft (36 m), eight-story structure consists com- pletely of steel moment-resisting fraines, Assuining the structure has an Spi value of 0.2, its fundennental pe- riod CANNOT exceed (A) 1.0 sec {B) 12sec (O) 14 see (D) 1.7 sc 17. (8 ports} ‘An existing wood-frame single-family home in Los An~ eles has a crawl space (cripple wall) between the ralsed concrete foundation and the first floor as shown, What strengthening measures will enhance the seismic resis- tance of this deficient cripple wall? fest Noor int floor joists ie wall ‘concrete rai foundation () using anchor bolts to connect the sill plates and the foundation (1) using hold-downs to anchor the wood:-stud walls to the foundation (I) nailing wood structural panels on the inside of the eripple studs (A) Lonly (B) Wonly (©) Tond (D) 1,0, and I 18. (2 points) Based on the following information, what is the value of the base shear, V, for the structures shown, when the mapped acceleration parameters are S, ~ 0.75 and Sj =0.47 There are no structural irregularities present, and Wy = Wa 7 =088 sec R80 ‘occupancy category = IT site class © structure 1 —_ [ Teosese | L_ Ra80 a ' occupancy aoe] ‘category =I CI site clase C structure Il (A) smaller for structure I (B) smaller for structure IT (©) equal for structure I and structure II (D) not enough information 19. (2 points) Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (1) Diaphragms are horizontal subsystems. (U1) Diaphragms transmit lateral forces to the ver- tical-resisting elements, (111) Diaphragms typically consist of the floors and roofs of a building. (A) Ionly ¢ a (©) Tend (D) 1,01, and PPL @ www ppizpas.com PRACTICE EXAM I: PROBLEMS 7 20. (2 points) ‘Which of the following statements is true for both rigid diaphragms and flexible diaphragms? (A) They distribute tateral forces in proportion to the rigidities of vertical resisting elements. (B) They transmit torsion to the vertical resisting elements. (C) They distribute lateral story shears to vertical resisting elements. (DJ. They distribute lateral forces in proportion to the tributary area of vertical resisting element BL. (2 points) ‘Three large structures with different types of structural ystems are shown, Which of the following structures lacks @ complete vertical load-carrying space frame? ‘structure TL (A) Tonly ®) Toaly (©) Wonly (D) none of the above 22. (2.5 points) ‘As defined in the Professional Engineers Act, the phrase “responsible charge of work” directly relates to a pro- fessional engineer when he/she (1) makes engineering decisions or recommenda- tions CB) Judges the valiity of poten engineering (ID) accepts financial liability (A) Lonly (B) only (©) Vand 0 (©) 1,0, and a 28, (2 points) The wood structural panel roof diaphragm of a resi- dential one-story building is shown in plan view. ‘The lateral force isin the east-west direction, The calculated roof diaphragya shear capacity is 300 Ibf/ft (4378 N/a). ‘The roof diaphragm is adequately anchored to the shear ‘wall, and the reliability /redundaney factor, p, is 1.0. To have a drag strut force of 2000 If (8896 N), the south shear wall panel should most nearly be son 1152 m) (aeecaaeaeccaaa] IN aon 300 Ibe (22m) {as78 Nir Fe (A) 20 ft @ m) (B) 30 ft (10m) (©) #& (2m) (D) 50 ft (14m) 2A. (1 point) ‘The Field Act wes passed following severe damage to ‘many structures during the Long Beach earthquake of 1933. This act requires special seisinie design for which of the following structures? (A)_ public school buildings (B)_ private school buildings (C)_ both public and private schoo! buildings (D) hospitals PPL @ www.ppizpesseom 8 SEISMIC PRINCIPLES PRACTICE EXAMS 25. (2.5 points) ‘The lifter system shawn is capable of moving loads up and down. Given the response spectra and the following table illustrating the variation of the system’s natural period, T, versus mass height, h, the maximum over- turning moment at the base is most neatly b toon (205m) Fisec! w h r 100 fe (30.5 m) 2.0 see 20 kips 15 ft (229m) 2 s0e (9072 kg) «50 (5.2m) 0.8 soe 25K (7.6m) 0.3 see (A) 500 ft-kips (700 kN-mn) (B) 600 ft-kips (800 KN-zn) (©) 900 ft-kips (1000 kN-m) (D) 2000 #t-kips (3000 kV-m) 26. (2 points) In high seismic areas on site class A and B, what is the most effective technique to reduce the acceleration and therefore the base shear imposed on the structural system of a building? (A) Install seismic base isolators at the base of the building. (B) Increase the height of the building. (©) Modify the existing structural systems {D) For bedrock soil profile types Sq and Sp, ac- celeration should not be decreased. 27. (2 points) ‘A wood-irame shear wal is shown in elevation. ‘The shear wal is part of a one-story structure with a fexible roof diaphragm. The shear wall panels have the same thickness, and each pane! has « shear resisting siress of 500 Ibf/ft (7207 N/mm). ‘The maximum applied lateral force to the wall is most nearly isk 108 25 fotere) a(S (Om) force ‘opening (A) 15,000 1b¢ (67 000 N) (B) 20,000 1bE (89.000 N) (©) 25,000 Ibe (110000 8) (D) 30,000 Ibe (130000 39) 28. (2.5 points) A registered profossional eivil enginocr Is compotent and proficient in highway and transportation design. Which of the following structures ean this professional engineer design? (1) a high-rise structure (1) a hospital under the direction of a registered structural engineer (ILD @ highway bridge structure (A) Loaly (B) Tonly (©) Monly (D) 1,11, and IIT 29. (1 point) In the event of an earthquake, the primary goal of seis sic design is to (D) prevent loss of life (ID) prevent major structural failures (UID) preserve property (A) Tonly: (B) Tand IT (©) Tand IL (D) 1,1, and It ¢ Q « @ PPI © wew-ppizpass.com PRACTICE EXAM I: PROBLEMS 9 80. (2 points) ‘The R factor accounts for the inherent overstrength and obel ductility (energy absorption capacity) of a struc- ture. The value of A is based on which of the following? (1) selection of structural systems (11) combinations of structural systems along the same axes (111) vertical combinations of structural systems (A) only (B) Land Hf only (©) Wand I only (D) 1,01, and 31. (2 points) Which of the following formulas would be used to cal- culate the minimum base shear for a building where 8 = 0.78? @ ve (#) w T ®) (2 32, (2.5 points) Structures are most likely to be damaged by liquefic- tion if they are supported on which of the following (A) ‘isolated spread footings supported on esol pro- file consisting of predominantly saturated cohe- sionless soil (B) piles or drilled piers that extend through a soil profile consisting of deep saturated cohesionless soil, and are supported on rock-like materials (C) continuous spread footings supported on a soil profile containing a deep clay layer {D) none of the above 33. (2 points) Based on ASCE/SEI7 requirements, which of the fol lowing illustrated cases has correctly accounted for the accidental eccentricity in the direction of the applied loading? = 005d 081k + a (A) Tonly (B) Monly (©) Land Iv (D) Mand tm 34. (2 points) In accordance with the appropriate IBC table, for a ‘one-story, wood-freme residential building, with the fol- lowing characteristics, what should be the inaximum al- lowable shear for seismic forces for the building's wood structural panel shear walls? ‘+ 3/8 in (10 mum) thick structural I panels 8d common nails ‘* wood structural panels applied directly to the framing members « dlocking required « nail spacing at panel edges is 3 in (76 mm) ‘¢ 12 in (205 mm) on center (o.c.) field nailing «studs spaced at 24 in (610 mm) o.¢. (A) 390 Ibf/f. (5700 N/m) (B) 460 Ibf/f. (6700 N/m) (C) 500 Ibf/te (7400 N/m) (D) 560 Ibé/fe (8200 N/m) PPI © www.ppl2pass.com, 10 SEISMIC PRINCIPLES PRACTICE EXAMS 35. (2 points) On the Richter scale, « magnitude increase of one unit (ie, one whole number) represents how much of an increase in radiated energy? (A) equal energy (B) 10 times more energy (©) 82 times more energy (D) 100 times more energy 36. (2 points) ‘The bridge structure shown is subjected to a lateral load. Columns are square, the modulus of elasticity (2) is 29 x 10° psi (2.0.x 10° MPa), and the moment of inertia (F) per column is 19.5 in! (8.1 x 10~€ m4). ‘The supporting columns A and C are fixed at the tops and bottoms, Assuming center column B is fixed at the top and pinned at the bottotn, the resisting force in column B will be most nearly column cofumn alumna "10 kips A 5 c 893 IN) tenses ry 120 6.1m) {A)_ 10 kips (50 kN) (B) 20 kips (100 kN) (©) 49 kips (160 kN) (D) 50 kips (200 KX) 87. (2.5 points) Which of the following registered professionals can design and sign plans for a two-story single-family dvell- ing and a two-story four-unit condominium complex of ‘wood-frame construction? (D structural enginoers (0) civil engineers (UD) orchitects (A) Tonly (B) Tand it (©) Land (D) [Hand Mm 38. (2 points) ‘The stability coefficient is ealeulated using the following equation. Ped VehesCa ‘The P-delta effects on story shears and moments need NOT be considered when @ is (A) equal to or less than 0.10 05, (B) less than Omex = > < 0.25 (B) Jess than was 6 (©) greater than Bmax (D) tess than 1.0 39. (25 points) What are the values of the site coefficients, F, and F,, for 2 building in site class D, and where 8 = 0.9 and Si = 057 (A) 10 and L0 (B) 10 and 1.14 (©) 114 and 1.0 (D) 114 and 1.5 40. (2 points) A one-story masonry shear wall structure with a rigid Giaphragia is shown in plan view. The following table ives the relative rigidity of each shear wall (J), the outer of mass (CM), the center of rigidity (CR), and the distance from the center of rigidity perpendicular to ‘the wall (d). The base shear is 50,000 Ibf (222 410 N) for the north-south direction. Assume the shown locetions of CM and CR are appropriate. 2h ah ah 8m) _ (122m) Sm) PPT ¢ www ppi2pass.com (wall [Re] Ry]de Tae Rd a rnorth 2 = [HR [aOR [2060 a7 (20.67 m)| (21.34 m) | (227.61 m2) lscuth] 6 }-| — |-a5e |-o0% |rs00 #7 (4.87 m) | (97-89 mn) | (225.40 m2) Jest |-] a |4ooe | - [+1808 |10,800 02 (18.28 (4.86 m)| (1009.35 m?) west |—|3|-aon | - |-s08 [27008 (2.14 m) (27.43 m) | (250.84 m?) For the east wall, the total force due to shear and torsion is most nearly (A) 10,000 Ibf (44500 N) (B) 18,000 1bf (80000 N) (C) 25,000 Ib (111.000 N) (D) 35,000 Ibe (156000 N) AL. (25 points) ‘To use the title “Professional Engineer” in the profes- sional practice of rendeving civil engineering services, ‘on engineer must (D be registered as a professional engineer (H) be competent and qualified according to the Board's rules and regulations (III) have a degree in civil engineering (A) Tonly (B) only (©) Land If only (D) 1,0, and 1 42. (2 points) The following illustration shows a connection between a steel deck diaphragm and a conerete or masonry wall. ‘The docking is filled with reinforced concrete. ‘The stet! deck is supported by a steel ledger and is bolted to the wall deck with inforced concrete fil masonry wal and bolting PRACTICE EXAM I: PROBLEMS ee Which of the following illustrated techniques best in- creases shear capacity and anchorage of tho connection to the wall? {oriled and grouted) connecting steel support to wall technique T provide steel strap ‘aided to stool decking and existing steel ledger technique It stool strap welded {o steel decking and ow steal ledger technique Itt ar (8) 1 (© m (D) This connection has no deficiency. 43, (1.5 points) Elements connecting sinaller portions of structure to the remainder of the structure must have a design strength of at least (A) 0.2Sps times the weight of the smaller portion (B) 5% of the smaller portion welghi, (©) 0.3Sp5 times the weight of the smaller portion (D) 10% of the smaller portion weight PPI # worw.ppizpass.com 12 SEISMIC PRINCIPLES PRACTICE EXAMS. 44, (2.5 points) ‘An engineering firm is designing a residential building Ina high selsole area. Vosious building materials have been studied for its construction. Considering material cests and the speed of construction, which selection is the most appropriate for tho least exponsive and earliest completion of the project? (A) concrete (B) masonry (©) steal (D) wood 45. (8 points) Which ofthe following earthquake engineering tasks can be performed by structural computer prograius? (0) statie/éynamic/P-delta analysis (A) time history analysis (11) response spectrum analysis (A) Tonly (B) Tand Tonly (C) Tand I only (D) 1,1, and HE 46. (2 points) ‘Two lateral loads are applied to the following small mo- ‘ment frame, A distributed load of 2kips/t (29.2 kN/m) is applied across the length of the horizontal members. Columns A and B are pinned at both sides. ‘The ax- jal force in column A due to the applied loads is most nearly kins 100 kips (28.2 Win) (aaa kN) : 10 50 Kips Gm) {222.4KN) Peeper 1h column A. ccoumn a | [@5™) ecgaaeaaeaeeer ae fae (76) {A} 50 kips (220 kN) (B) 80 kips (360 kN) (C) 180 kips (680 kN) (D)_ 180 kips (800 kN} AT. (2 points) The maximum diaphragm chord force and strut force similarly develop at what location? (D the location of maximum moment (11) the ends of the boundary members (IID) the points of discontinuity in the plan (A) Tonly (B) MTonly (©) 1,11, and (D) none of the above PPI @ www ppizpas.com SOLUTIONS PRACTICE EXAM [I Point 3 3 3 28a a 888 eeeKgseceecccesce gsoecegcggoesggges @sgeeeeesaesenges 6eeggececsaseseas dddddes¢agsagiaes ‘Total point values = 100, Score: (Bam 1) eenecesecececcesesessngaegaad eegeegngggegogoggsgeoenuensoEs seecssecccoceeeengssegececeecs SeCBeKBGeEEGHGHGHORGeCIeRREEES Ade SM ESN SSR eNSSKRNBES PPL © ww ppipass.com PRACTICE EXAM I: SOLUTIONS 15 1. Answer is (B) ‘The Alquist-Priolo Karthquake Foult Zoning Ast wes passed in 1972 as a direct result of the 1971 San Fer- nando earthquake. This earthquake was characverized bby extensive surface fault mptures that damaged au- merous residential homes, commercial buildings, and other structures. ‘The Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act is in- tended to prevent tho construction of buildings utilized for human occupancy on the surface trace of active faults, The provisions of this law require that buildings for human oceupaney must be at least 50 ft (15.24 m) ‘away from en active fault trace. Prior to January 1, 11994, Barthquake Pault Zones were called Special Stud- ies Zones. ‘This act requires the State Geologist to establish regula- tory zones around the eurface traces of active faults and to issue the appropriate maps. Zone maps are available from the California. Division of Mines and Geology, or they may be viewed at city or county planning depart- ments and some real estate offices. 2. Answer is (B) ‘The earthquake design of a building per ASCE/SEI7 '$ Une anima considered earthqualee deoisn mo: tion. The maximum considered earthquake coeficieats ‘can be obtained from IBC Figs. 1613.5(1) through 1613.5(14). B. Answer is (B) eo We 120 bps 30 uN =: w= 160 kips ro ny (oe (_(/ (coo coCeLooo ASCE/SEIT Table 12.5.2 lists and defines the five types Vertical structural iregularities: soft-story irregularity, ‘mass (weight) irregularity, vertical geometric irregular- ity, in plane discontinuity irremularity, and discoatinuity in lateral strength irregularity. Of these, the structure shown has a mass (weight) irregularity in the second story because the mass is more than 150% of the elfeo- tive mass of the story above and below it 4. Answer és (D) SI Solution ‘The mapped acceleration parameters are given in the problem statement as 0.2 and 0.5. The site class is not given, therefore, it is assumed to be site class D according to ASCE/SEI7 Sec. 11.4.2 ‘To obtain the site coefficients and the maximum consid- ered earthquake (MCE) spectral response acceleration parameters, use ASCE/SEIT Sec. 11.43. For S, = 0.5 and sive class D, the site coefficient F, is 14 [ASCB/ SEIT Table 11.4.1]. For $; = 0.2 and site class D, the site coefficient F, is 2.0 [ASCE/SEI7 Table 11.4 ‘The MCE spectral response acceleration for short periods, Sjys, and a 1 s period, Sia1, is given by ASCE/ SEI? Eqs. 11-d-1 and 11.42. Sus = FaSs San = FSi 1.4)(0.5) = 0.7 2.0)(0.2) = 04 "The design spectral acceleration parameters are given by ASCE/SEI7 Bas. 11.43 and 114-4. = (3) (0.7) = 047 98a = (9) (04) = 0.27 Sos = }Sus So Determine the oocupaney category for the building based on ASCB/SEI? Table 1-1. For this building, the occupancy category is TV From ASCE/SEIT Sec. 11.5.1 and Table 11.5-1, the importance factor, I, is 5. From ASCH/SEIT Table 12.2-1, the response modification factor, R, is 7. Determine the time period of the building based on ASCE/SEI7 Sec. 12.8.2, From ASCE/SEIT Table 12.82, C; = 0.0731 and z= 0.75. Ty = Cob = (0.0731)(47.24 m)"? = 1.317 s ASCE/SEIT Seo. 12.8 states the procedure for the equivalent lateral force method. Sos _ 04 aeaeecees ae = ccoow "” asceystt 29,1282 So. ox = 0.043917 (0.0440) [ASCE/SEIT Bq. 12.83] PI @ woew:pigpass.com 16 SEISMIC PRINCIPLES PRACTICE EXAMS ASCE/SEI7 Eq. 12.8-3 is valid for T < Ty. (Te is either 8s or 12s, 50 ASCE/SBIT Eq, 12.8-4 will not be valid.) 1.01 [ASOB/SEIT Ba. 12.8-5) 1044 Comin = Cxgor = Per ASCE/SEI? Eq. 12.8-1, the base shear is V=C,W = 0.044 Customary U.S. Solution ‘The mapped acceleration paramoters are given in the problem statement as 0.2 and. 0.5. ‘The site class is not given, therefore, it is assumed to be site class D according to ASCH/SEI? See, 11.4.2. ‘To obtain the site coefficients and the maximum consid- ered earthquake (MCE) spectral response acceleration parameters, use ASCE/SEI7 Sec. 11.4.3. For S, = 0.5 and site class D, the site coefficient Fi, is 1.4 [ASCE/ SEIT Table 11.4-1). For $; = 0.2 and site class D, the site coefficient F, is 2.0 [ASCE/SEI? ‘Table 11.4.2) ‘The MCE spectral response acceleration for short peti- ods, Sys, and @ 1 sec period, Siyi, is given by ASCH/ SEI? Eqs. 11-41 and 11.4-2. Sus = FaS, = (14)(0.5) = 07 "St = (2.0)(0.2) = 04 Spa ‘The design spectral acceleration parameters are given by ASCE/SEI7 Eqs. 11.43 and 11.44 35us = (9) 02) = 04 isin = (204-027 Sos Spi Determine the occupancy category for the building based on ASCE/SEI? Table 1-1. For this building, the occupancy eatezory is TV, From ASCE/SEIT Sec. 11.5.1 ond Table 11.5-1, the ‘maportance factor, 1, is 1.5. From ASCE/SEI7 Table 122-1, the response modification factor, R, is 7. Determine the time period of the building based on ASCK/SEI7 Sec. 12.8.2. From ASCE/SEI7 Table 128-2, C,=0.3 and 2 = 0.75. Cah = (0.08)(155 8) = ASCE/SEI7 Sec. 12.8 states the procedure for the equivalent lateral foree method. =0.1001 — [ASOR/SEIT Bg, 12.8-2} =m 0.27 Cmax = Metta 2(8) "aan (5) sonny oss) [ASCE/SEIT Eq. 12.8.3] ASCE/SEIT Eq, 12.83 is valid for T < Tr. (Ti, is either 8 see or 12 see, so ASCE/SEI7 Bq. 12.84 will not be valid.) Canin = 0.01 ond [ASCE/SEIT Pq. 12.85) Per ASCE/SEI7 Eq. 12.8-1, the baso shear is V=C.W=00uW 5. Answer ie (A) ST Sotution ‘Use ASCE/SEI? Sec. 12.8.3 and the following equations to determine the distributed shear at level 3. Fz =OvV —_(ASCB/SBIT Eq. 128-11] waht Coe = ME ascestatr Bq, 12.812) watt et From the problem statement, V is 220186 N. ‘The story hheight and woight are equal, Since the height of the structure is given to be 24.4 m, each story height is 3.05 m. Assume the each story weight is w. hy is the height from the base to level z. Since the fundamental period is 0.68 s, the value of k should be interpolated. For structures having a period of 0.5 s or less, k = 1 and for structures having a period greater than 2.5 8, (2-1) =1.09 | 4 we htur fats © @) Faw eed cecesreeaese ee ees w a258w 0.23 SORR.BS ww -Bldw 0.90 4393.95, w BIT «OAT 8714728 w 1949 014 80452.26 w _15.28w O11 __ 23.87.43 WALitw 0.08 17 450.36 wey 0.05 ‘TT 216.69 wy _BSjw 0.02 _—5269.17 Sows 0.910 ‘Phe distributed base shear at level three is 17 450.36 N- (170008). Gustomery US. Solaion ‘Use ASCE/SEI7 Sec. 12.8.3 and the following equations to determine the distributed shear at level 3. Fe=Cne¥ [ASCH/SEIT Bq. 128-11} Con = UHH. [ASOE/SEIT Ba. 128.19 Dont From the problem statement, V is 49,500 Ibf. Tha story hheight and weight are equal. Since the height of the structure is given to be 80 ft, each story height: is 10 ft ‘Assume the each story weight is w. hy is the height from the base to level . Since the fundamental period 4 0.68 cee, the value of & should be interpolated. For structures having a period of 0.5 sec or less, k = 1 ‘and for structures having a period greater than 2.5 sec, frets we = 1+ ( A table is the easiest way to set up the data for caleu- lating and rocording story shears. level hp tee tists Fe = (ft) (bf) BD FE A,w, Co 3 8 w 18080 023 11,22683 T TO w 102.60w 0.20 ‘9879.04 6 6 w —86-73w 0.17 8851.08 5 50 w Thlbw «O14 6845.97 44 ow T5w 0.11 __5267.88 330 w__40.Tdw 0.08 3925.01 29 B6.Tw 0.05 2221.62 110 _w _ 1230 0.02 _ 1184.56 Swat 54100 PRACTICE EXAM I: SOLUTIONS, a ‘The distributed base shear at level three is 3023.01 Ibf (3900 thf). 6, Answer és (D) ‘There are geologic and site conditions that can lead to building structural damage and threaten life in the ‘event of an earthquake, Liquefaction can result in large settlement or lateral spreading during or immediately after an earthquake. Liquefaction is phenomenon in soils in which the shear strength of soils is drastically reduced due to the sudden application of an earthquake force. The soil be- haves like a liquid as a result of an increase in pore water pressure, It occurs most often in solls that are saturated in a loose condition and are made of cohesionless par- ticles, such as sand. Liquefaction may result in vertical settlement as the soil squeezes water out and densifies after the event. ‘This can cause a loss of foundation support for spread footings or damage to utilities. The lateral spreading of liquefied soils occurs in sloping areas and can be destructive to foundation systems, roads, or bridge abutments. Many fault movements occur at depth and do not have surface expressions other then distortion of the ground. ‘Some faults propagate up to the surface and are seen as ‘an actual cracking or breaking of the ground surface along the fault during an earthquake. It is not economi cally feasible to build structures to withstand such large displacements because a structure constructed over an active fault can be severely damaged if the ground ruptures. Slope failure causes foundation damage and/or loss of foundation support. Buildings may be damaged if they fare located in the path of debris flows or rock falls. Seistnically induced slope failures have been observed in nonliquefaction-susceptible soils, rock, slopes, and com- pacted fill slopes. PPI # wore ppipass.com er aS, | 18 SEISMIC PRINCIPLES PRACTICE EXAMS ~\, rock fall and debris ==> original round NN 2a compacted fit — ground sur after earthquake 7. Answer is (B) Use ASCE/SEIT Sec. 13.3 to determine the seismic de- mands on nonstructural components. ASCE/SEIT Eq 13.31 gives a component's seismic design force, F,, to be applied to the conter of gravity. Oday SpsWs ee | (142 yD [ASCH/SEI7 Ba. 18.8-1] F, need not be greater than Fy = 1.6SpslpWp, nor less than Fy = 0.3Sps[pW, [ASCE/SEIT Eqs. 13.3-2 ‘ond 13.43]. ap, the component amplification factor, is selected from ASCE/SEI? Tables 13.5-1 or 13.61, and varies from 1.0 to 2.5. Rp, the component response modification factor, is also selected from ASCE/SEI7 ‘Tables 13.5-1 or 13.6-1, and varies from 1.0 to 12. z is the height in structure of the point of attachment cof component with respect to the base, and fh is the average roof height with respect to the base. Sps is determined based on ASCE/SEIT See. 11.4.4 8. Anower is (D) Unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings, particularly bearing wall types, are considered the mest hazardous form of construction not only in California, but also in other parts of the country and abroad. URM construc- tion is no longer allowed in California, but many older URM buildings still exist. Buildings made of reinforced masonry have performed better. Steel frame buildings have a good performance record, particularly in avoiding collapse. However, they are not damage-free during strong shakings because they ab- sorb onorgy and deform. For braced steel frames, failed ‘or buckled braces have been observed. For moment frames, damage to primary members and distress at moment connections have been observed. Prior to the use of ductile concrete (approximately the 1970s), conerete frame structures were made of nonductile concrete, Concrete-constructed structures are heavier and less yielding than similar steel struc- tures. Past severe damage and collapse have been linked to design of joints and connections that lacked the nec- essary strength and ductility to withstand damage and separation forces Steel and concrete frame buildings with unreinforced Imasoney infill walls possess the additional hazard that the masonry walls ean become sulllciently erackod that ‘they fall on occupants or passorsby. 9. Answer is (4) ASCE/SEI7 Sec. 12.6 and ‘Table 12.6.1 specify how to select an appropriate lateral-foree procedure for the de- sign of seismic foroe-resisting systems. ‘The table lists three possible design procedures: the equivalent lateral- force analysis (ASCE/SEI7 Sec. 12.8), the modal re- sponse spectrum analysis (ASGE/SEIT Sec. 12.9), and the selsinic response history procedure (ASCE/SEI7 Ch, 16). Using the table and the information provided in the problem statement, eech structure is given the structural characteristic category of fall other struc- tures.” Therefore, the structures cam be designed us- ing either the modal response spectrum analysis, of the seisnic response history procedure. However, the equiv alent lateral-force procedure is not permitted. 10. Answer is (D) Seismic inertial forces originate in all elements of a structure and are transferred through connections to horizontal diaphragms. ‘The diephrogms distribute these forces to vertical elements of the structure (eg, shear walls and frames) that transfer the forces into the foundation, which conveys the forces to the ground. LL. Answer is (C) ‘Wood structural panel diaphragms are considered fiex- ible diaphragms that are anchored to the vertical re- sisting elements. ‘The shear force in the diaphragm is distributed to the walls that are parallel to the direction of the earthquake force, PPI ¢ we w.ppi2pass.com reer PRACTICE EXAM I: SOLUTIONS 19 [Additional shear capacity can be developed by adding nailing, overlaying the existing diaphragm with new wood structural panels, and/or providing additional shear walls or vertical bracing in the interior ofa build- ing, w Based on the Professional Enginoers Act, Business and Professions Code, any document that does not convey ani engineering decision or recommendation should not bear the seal and signature of a registered civil engi- neer. Reports on environmental issues such as noise, air, hazardous waste, and so on, are necessary for the preparation of documents such as Environmental Im- pact Reports (EIR) and Environmental Impact State- ments (BIS). Project background nd information sheets as well as drafts or incomplete documents con- tain factual data only and do not offer any decisions or recommendations. Therefore, answer choice D is cor- rect. However, if any document contains a decision or a recommendation that controls the detailed design of the project, then a seal and signature of a registered civil engineer is needed. Answer is (D) 13. Answer is (B) ST Solution The chord force is calculated as the bending moment pet unit depth of diaphragm of a simple beam under a distributed lond. The maximum diaphragm chord force in the west wall occurs at midspan. M_ wi? oe (2) 22m (HU22 my = 2225.0N ‘The shoar load at each parallel wall for an earthquake force perpendicular to the s = 17806 N ‘The shear and bending moment diagrams across the length of the chord are as shown. a7 e08N moment diagram ‘The moment at line 1 is calculated as the area under ‘the shear diagram. areas: (2) M Cneh 54308 Nem “am = 4651 Thus, the chord force for the south wall is twice the chord force for the west wall, Customary U.8. Solution ‘The chord force is calculated as the bending moment pet unit depth of diaphragm of a simple beam under a distributed load. The maximum diaphragm chord force in the west wall oceurs at midspan. Moe > eb (100 EY (a0 #9? ® (8)(40 #) = 500 IbE ‘The shear load at each parallel wall for an earthquake force perpendicular to the south wall is wh (20 25) 0 + = 4000 Ibf PI # worw.ppidpass.com ie 20, SEISMIC PRINCIPLES PRACTICE EXAMS ‘The shear and bending moment diagrams across the Jength of the chord are as shown, 4000 bf shear diagram 40,000 feb a moment diagrarn ‘The moment: at line 1 is calculated as the area under the shear diagram. |M = (4000 Ib (20 A) (3) 1,000 ft-lbE 40,000 fe-lbt af = 1000 [bf ‘Thus, the chord force for the south wall is twice the chord foree for the west wall. 1A. Answer i (5) ‘The most severe earthquake efforts expected :o bo expo- rienced in the life ofa structure are lnown as the mar- imum. considered earthquake and are covered in ASCE/ SEIT See. 114 and Ch. 21. 15, Answer is (B) For a single degree-of freedom system, the natural pe- riod, 1’, is the time in which the system completes one cycle of oscillation. The natural period is the inverse of the natural frequency, f, and it can be expressed as T=1/f. Por system f, the frequency is given as 0.6 Hz. ‘The natural period for this system is 1 4 5 ie =2 sve For system II, the natural period is 2 sec. The natural frequency for this system is 1 fu= 5705 He Ths, T=Th=2 sec fix f= 05 He Systems I and If both have equal natural frequencies and periods. 16. Answer is (B) ASCE/SEIT Sec. 12.8.2 states that the value of the structure's fundamental period, 7’, can be determined using the structural properties and deformational char- ‘acteristics of the resisting elements in a properly sub- stantiated analysis. This period cannot exceed the product of the coefficient for the upper limit on the cal- culated period, C,, and the approximate fundamental period, T, ASCE/SEIT 12.8.2.1 allows the approximate funda mental period to be 0.1N for structures not exceeding 432 stories that are made entirely of either steel or con- roto moment reeisting frames, and tho story hoight fe at least 10 ft (8 m). In this problem, the mumber of stories, NV, is eight. According to ASCE/SEI7 Table 12.8-1, for structures with an Sp; value of 0.2, Cy is 1.5, Therefore, the fundamental period thet cannot be exoneded is T =Culu = Cx(0-1) = (1.5)((0.1)(8)) = 0.12 6 17. Answer is (D) ‘The foundation sill plate is a horizontal piece of wood (redwood or treated Douglas Fir) that rests on the foun- dation and transfers the weight of the building to the foundation, ‘The cripple wall is a short stud wall, not f full story in height, extending from the foundation sill plate to the first floor. In the wood-frame house shown, cripple walls support the first floor of the wood structure. ‘The exterior face is finished with siding (et, ‘wood, metal, or plaster) while the studs on the inside reinain exposed. If the cripple walls are not adequately braced and strengthened, they can collapse in the event of an earthe ‘quake and the structure will fail, causing damage to the foundation, floors, walls, utility connections, and PPL # weppitpasscom PRACTICE EXAM I: SOLUTIONS 21 ‘the contents of the structure. Damage may also re- sult in fire from broken gas lines. In California, numer ‘ous cripple wall failures have been observed in previous ‘earthquakes, ‘To strengthen the deficient: cripple walls and enhance ‘the selsmic resistance of this building: ¢ Install expansion sill anchor bolts at regular inter- vals to anchor the sill plates to the foundation 4 Install steel hold-downs to anchor the wood stud ‘walls to the foundation, # Nail wood structural panels to the inside of the cripple studs. The top edge of the wood strue- tural panels should be nailed into the floor fram- ing, and the bottom edge should be nailed into the sill plate. It should be noted that horizontal ‘or vertical exterior siding is not strong enough to brace cripple walls firet oor floor joists Wea Pe Se entation holes a concrete raised ‘foundation wood stud wood structral ventilation foundation 18. Answer is (A) ASCE/SEIT Table 114-1 gives Fy — 11 for $y = 0.76 and site class C. ASCE/SEI7 Table 11.42 gives Fy = 1 for S; = 0.4 and site class C. Sus = FaS, = (11)(0.75) = 0.8% Shi = FoS, = (1.4)(0.4) = 0.56 Sps = $8ss = (2) (0.825) = 0.55 Spr = $Sy1 = (3) (0.56) = 0.873 Por structure I: Use ASCE/SEIT Eq, 12.8-1 to ealeulate the base shear, v. vacw From ASCB/SEIT Table 11.5-1, for occupancy category IL, the importance factor, I, is 1.25. From ASCE/SEI7 Bq. 12.82, = 0.086 055 2 From ASCE/SEI? Eq. 12.83, Sm 0.373 = 0.006 ‘Therefore, C.,gov = 0.066. For structure I: ‘Use ASCH/SEI? Eq. 12.8-1 to calculate the base shear, v. v=c.Ww From ASCE/SEI? Table 11.5-1, for occupancy category IL, the importance factor, J, is 1.0. From ASCE/SEIT Eq, 12.8-2, Sos “Rh T PPT @ worw.ppidpass.com 22 SEISMIC PRINCIPLES PRACTICE EXAMS From ASCE/SEI7 Eq. 12.8.5, Cosmin = 0.02 ‘Therefore, Cy,gor = 0.071. Structure I has a smaller base shear than strusture TL 19. Answer és (D) ASCH/SEI7 Sec. 11.2 defines a diaphragm as a roof, floor, or other membrane or bracing system acting to transfer the lateral forces to the vertical resisting ele- ments. Vertical elements include enlumns, shear walls, braced frames, moment-resisting frames, and connec- tions. Diaphragms typically consist of the floors and roofs of a building, and include horizontal bracing sys tems. 20, Answer is (©) Diaphragms, both flexible and rigid, distribute lateral forces to vertical resisting elements (Je., eolinns and shear walls). Flexible diaphragms are typically of wood or light steel construction and distribute lateral forces to vertical resisting elements in propartion to the tributary ares of the elements. They are ineapable of distributing ‘torsional moments to vertical resisting elements. Rigid diaphragms are typically concrete slabs or concrete metal deck floor systems. ‘They distribute lateral forces in proportion to the rigidities of vertical resisting el- cements and transmit torsion to the vertical resisting elements. 21. Answer is (A) ASCK/SEIT Sce. 11.2 defines a wall system, Bearing asa structural system with bearing walls providing support {or all or major portions of the vertical loads. Shear walls ot braced frames provide seismic force resistance. Structure I is constructed entirely of shear walls and, therefore, lacks a cormplete vertical load-carrying space frame. Structure II is ® moment-resisting frame. A moment frame is @ frame in which members and joints resist lat- feral forces by flexure as well as along the axis of the members. Moment frames are categorized as interme- diato moment frames (IMF), ordinary moment frames (OMF), and special moment frames (SME) Structure Il is @ dual system of moment-resisting Frames and shear walls. A dual system is a structural system with an essentially complete space frame provid- ing support for vertical loads. Seismic force resistance is provided by moment-resisting frames and shear walls or bracod frames. 22. Answer és (0) ‘As defined in the Professional Engineers Act, which is contained in the Business and Professions Code [Chap. 7, See. 6703] and further clarified in the Rules of the Board for Professional Engineers and Professional Land Surveyors [Sec. 404.1], the term “responsible charge of work for professional engineers means the independent control and direction of the investigation ‘or design of professional engineering work by the use of itintive, skill, decision, and judgment. However, this phrase does not refer to the concept of nancial liability. 23. Anower is (B) p represents a reliability /redundancy factor that should be assigned to all structures according to ASCE/SEIT Sec. 12.3.4, This factor is based on the extent of struc- tural redundancy inherent in the design configuration of the structure and its lateral force-resisting systems. ST Solution Assume is the length of the south wall. For an east- ‘west earthquake, the diaphragm shear is carried equally. between the north and south walls. wh 2 («srs 8) 22m pcm v = 26706 N ‘The diaphragm shear stress is the diaphragm shear di- vided by the depth of the diaphregm. ve ri eee = 20705 oot = 52m =119T N/m 26706 N wit PPE © ww ppipass.com PRACTICE EXAM I: SOLUTIONS 23 ‘The drag strut carries the diaphragm load for the aree tributary to the strut Dz + teooft ~ Vat = 0 won + (15¢§) r= (222%) 220 axiom Customary U.S. Solution [Assume < is the length of the south wall. For an east- ‘yest earthquake, the diaphragm shear is carried equally between the north and south walls. = 6000 Ibf ‘The diaphragin shear stress is the diaphragm shear i; vided by the depth of the diaphragm. v o 6000 IbF Prot = 50 R = 120 f/f 6000 Ibt Yall The drag strut carries the diaphragm load for the area tributary to the strut cones (100) = (DE) 20 me 22308 PPI # srw pp2pess.com 24, Answer is (A) ‘The Field Act requires special seismic design for public school buildings, subject to the approval of the Division of the State Architect, Department of General Services. Older school buildings need to be reevaluated and re- assessed in light of modern building codes. The provi. sions of the Field Act do not apply to private schools and colleges. ‘The act that mandates hospitals to be fully operational and functional after an earthquake is the California Hospital Act: 25. Answer és (C) SI Solution ‘The overturning moment (OTM) is given by OTM =Va ‘The base shear is Vems, ‘The response epoctza indicate that the maximum Sa/g occurs at T= 08s and T = 1.28. For T = 08 5, h is 15.2 m and $,/g = 0.6. v =mS, = (9072 ky) (9.81 2) (0.6) For T= 1.2 8, his 22.9 mand S/g = Vem = (0072) (921 2) (08) = 52408 Minox = (53.40 KN)(22.9 m) 222.86 KN-m (1000 KN-mm) aot V=ms, OTM=Vh (in) (6) Selo (KN) (ken) 30520 040 35.60 1085.80 229 12 0.60 5340 1222.86 S72 KE 352 08 0.60 53.40 811.68 76 0.3 045 40.05 304.38 Customary U.S. Solution "The overturning moment (OTM) oTM=vh 24 SEISMIC PRINCIPLES PRACTICE EXAMS ‘The base shear is VemS, ‘The response spectra indicate that the maximum So/g cours at T = 0.8 see and T = 1.2 sec. For T~ 0.8 see, h is 50 ft and S,/9~ 0.6. Sa vams, =w (5) = (20 kips) (08) = 12 hips Mian = (12 kips)(50 fe) = 600 ft-kips For T = 1.2 sco, h is 75 ft and S./g = 0.6. vems,~w (5) a = (20 kips)(0.6) = 12 kips fnane = (12 kipe)(75 ft) = 900 ft-kips aA oT V=mS, OTM=Vh Wh) er) Sa/y_ (ins) _i-kips) 100-20 0408 800 7% 12 060 12 900 20k 59 08 0.60 12 600 2 08 045 9 225 26. Answer is (4) ‘The most effective technique for decreasing the aeveler- ation imposed on the building system is to install seis- ie base isolators at the base of the building. In an earthquake, the ground moves independently of build- ings that are base isolated. Thus, the acceleration de- creases while the fundamental period of th> building system increases. As a result, the base shear of the structural system of the building will be reduced. Reg- ulations for seismic-isolated structures aro provided in ASCE/SEIT Ch. 17. Base isolators function effectively on soil profiles with bedrock oF firm soils. They are not suitable for soil profile type Se, where the soil is soft. ‘The long period ‘of soft soil may coincide with the increased period of ‘the structure, resulting in a resonant condition. In addition to seismic base isolation, other energy dissi- pation devices may be added to the structural system, primazily to increase the system damping, Improving the energy-absorbing capacity of a structure by modifying, removing, or replacing its existing struc- tural system is seldom economically fessible. There are a few exceptions: An ordinary steel moment frame can be upgraded to a special moment frame, and concentric steel bracing or unreinforced masonry infill walls can be modified by retnoving the bracing or the infill walls and installing eocentrie bracing or reinforced concrete shear walls. 27. Answer is (B) SI Solution b= 46 m4 76m = 122m N v (rm FS) (12.2 m) = 80028 N Alternatively, Yount = (2% 5) (46 m) 8806. Vpanet 1 = (20 5) (76m) = 55457 N V = Vonast1 + Vpna = 88506 N 455.457 N 89028.N (89000 N) Customary U.S. Solution ba 1b R45 =a08 ibe Ve (s00 ) (40) = 20,000 Ibe Alternatively, Yar = (300 92) 5 8) = 7500 Ibt PPL @ wew.ppi2pace.com PRACTICE EXAM I: SOLUTIONS 25 we Vian = (5008) = 12,500 Ibf ft) V = Voonat r+ Veanet tt 500 Ibf-+ 12,500 Ib = 20,000 Ibt 28. Answer is (B) ‘The provision “Practice within Area of Competence” of the Rules of the Board [See, 415] specifies that a pro- fessional registered engineer con practice and perform engineering work only in the field(s) in which he/stie is educated and/or experienced and is fully competent ‘and proficient. ‘The Rules prohibit @ professional highway engineer from being in responsible charge in areas other than those in which he/she is qualified. ‘Thus, he/she cannot de- sign high-rises, hospitals, or highway bridge structures unless he/she is fully competent in those areas, (C. petency and proficieney in highway and transporvation design do not qualify a. civil PE to be in responsible charge of the design of a highway bridge structure.) The responsible charge for designing hospitals in California, is restricted to licensed structural engineers (Health and Safety Code, Sec. 129805(a)]. In some areas of Califor- nla, the design of high-rises is also restrleted to Tieensed structural engineers, Where these restrictions apply, a professional highway engineer ean perform engineering design work only under the direction of the licensed structural engineer who is responsible for signing final plans. 29. Answer is (A) ‘The NEERP publication, Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and Other Strue- tures, states that. the primary goal of seismic design is 1. to provido minimum design criteria for structures appropriate to their primary function end use considering the need to protect the health, safety, and wolfare of the general public by minimizing the carthquake-related risk to life 2. to Improve the capability of essential facilities ‘and structures containing substantial quastities of hazardous materials to fonction during and after design earthquakes Damage control (i., preventing structure failures or Peneovering property) is aot the primary focus of seismic Aesign, 30. Answer is (D) Ducility isthe ability of a material to yield without col- lapse. The structure response modification factor (R) is ‘a measure of inherent overstrength and global ductility ‘and is determined from the type of structural system selected. It is defined for buildings in ASCE/SEIT Ts- ble 12.2-1 and for nonbuilding structures in ASCE/SEI7 ‘Tables 15.41 and 154-2. When a combination of different structural systems is used to resist Interal forces in the same direction, the value of R per ASCE/SEIT Sec. 12.2.3.2 should be used. When a combination of different structural systems is used vertically, the value of R per ASCE/SEIT See. 32.2.1 should be used, ASOB/SEI7 Sec. 12.2.4 has additional information. BL. Answer is (B) To determine the minimum value of the base shear, the minimum value of the seismic coefficient must be detor- mined. From ASCE/SEI? Eq. 12.85, buildings must have a minimum coefficient of at least 0.01. However, when $ is greater than 0.5, ASE/SEIT Eq. 128-6 must also be considered. 0554 R T v= 82. Answer is (A) Liquefaction is the result of an increase in pore water pressure and a decrease in the effective stress of a soil, and it can lead to a complete loss of bearing capacity. A site with predominantly loose, saturated, cohesionless soil (Le., sands and silts) is most likely to experience liquefaction in the ovent of a strong earthquake A soil profile containing 2 deep clay layer, site class B, ‘will not undergo liquefaction, but may be susceptible to ground motion amplification in the event of an carth- quake, Isolsted spread footings supported on a liquefi- able soil profile may experience differential vertical and lateral settlements, loss of beating capacity, and over- turning forces. The structure may be damaged, and utility connections to the building may be disrupted Lateral spreading is alco a concera Ifthe liqueflable soils are located on a gradient, however slight. Structures on foundations of piles or drilled piers that, penetrate through liquefzction-susceptible soils and bear on site class A or B (Le., bedrock) can be de- signed for adequate performance during an earthquake. PPI @ wow ppipass.com 26, SEISMIC PRINCIPLES PRACTICE EXAMS ‘The foundation should be rigidly tied to the structure ‘and should be eapable of transferring the seismic shear from the pile caps through the piles to the bearing soil ‘when lateral support to the piles is significartly reduced due to liquefaction. To increase the leve. of protec- tion and safety, in addition to an adequate foundation, the design lateral force, the redundancy, the value of A, and the quality of the construction materials and construction methods should be increased. Where pre- liminary analysis indicates « foundation problem, a qualified geotechnical engineer should establish criteria for the foundation analysis. ASCE/SBI7 Sec. 11.8.3, item 2 provides additional recommendations to address the potential for liquefaction. 33. Anower is (C) ‘The eccentricity is the distance between the centers of ‘mass and rigidity measured in a direction perpendicu- lar to the lateral force. According to ASCE/SEIT Sec. 128.4.2, an aceldental eccentricity, &4, defined as 5% of the building dimension perpendicular to the lateral force, should be assumed for determining the horizon- tal disteibution of story shear in structures with rigid diaphragms. For the N-S loading, 5 = 40.05L For the E-W loading, eq = 40.054 ‘Thus, eases I and IV appropriately account for acciden- tal eccontricity in the north-south and east-west loading directions, respectively. 34. Answer is (B) Based on IBC Table 2306.4.1, a maximum allowable shear stress of 460 Ibf/f (6700 N/m) will 2c achieved when the nail spacing at the wood structural panel edges is 3 in (76 mm). 35. Answer is (C) It takes 32 small earthquakes to radiate the same en- cry as an earthquake one magnitude larger. Once the Richter magnitude, M, is known, an approsimate cor- relation (the Gutenberg-Richter law) can be used to de- termine the radiated energy in ergs logio® = 11.8 +1.5M Assume that M, = 6.0 and Mz = 5.0. Then, substitute ‘My and Mz values into the equation and solve. logue: = 11.8 + (1.5)(6.0) Ey = 6.3006 x 10" ergs logioBs = 11.8 + (1.5)(5.0) By = 1.9953 x 10" ergs Ex _ 6.3006 x 10” exgs E, ~ 1.9953 10 orgs = 32 times An earthquake of magnitude 6.0 would radiate approx- imately 32 times more energy than an earthquake just ‘one magnitude smaller, 36, Answer is (A) ST Solution For column B, if one ond is pinned, simple cantilever curvature occurs. The stiffness for this center column can be obtained from the following equation. ser aa (3)(2.0 x 10° MPo)(8.1 x 10~* m*) (uw ee . Pa, Cin =2.14x 10! N/m Columns A and C are rigidly fixed at the both ends. ‘Therefore, the stiffness for these columns can be ob- tained from the following equation. Er ae Ky = Ke Pa z 8 maty (age PE a (12)(2.0 x 108 MPa)(8.1 x 10° m!) (10 ce (6.1 my = 8.56 x 10+ N/m Korat = Ky + Kn t+ Ko (cores0t 8) « (as4xa0'¥) + (sa6x0t 8) = 19.26 x 10! N/m PPI # wwwr.ppizpass.com PRACTICE EXAM I: SOLUTIONS 27 ‘The resisting force in column B is proportional to its relative stiffness, R= (=) (480.3 129) aio - (480.3 kN) ro20x108 X = 54.30 KN (61 KN) Customary U.S. Solution For column B, if one end is pinned, simple cantilever curvature occurs. ‘The stiffness for this center column ean be obtained from the following equation. 20 3 (12) (20 8 (» 3) = 122.72 Ibf/in Columns A and C are rigidly fixed at the both ends, ‘Thorofore, tho otiffuca for thoso columne can bo ob- tained from the following equation, (02) (29% 108 =) (19.5 int) qe that (on 38 (12 (20 ft) (@ 2) = 490.88 Ibf/in Kua = Ka Ko * Ke 10038 ™ 412070 Banas M = 1104.48 Ibffin ‘The resisting force in column B is proportional to its relative stiffness. fe ro (2) won wan BE = in. | (110 kips) noses 12.22 Kips (12 kips) 37. Answer is (D) Based on the Professional Engineers Act, California Business and Professions Code, “Professional Engi- neers” (Ch. 7, See. 6737.1], tho preparation of plans, drawings, or specifications for single-family dwellings of ‘wood-frame construction not more than two stories and ‘basement in hojzht and multiple dwollings consisting no more than four dwelling units (c.g. apartment or condominium complexes) of wood-frame construction not more than two stories and a basement in height can bo performed by any perton, including qualified archi- tects, civil engineers, and structural engines. 38. Answer is (A) delta effects are related to the magnitude of the addi- tional overturning moment that is generated when the drifts are large. A is the design story drift correspond- ing to the story shoar Vz . ASCE/SEIT Seo. 12.8.7 pro- vides the conditions when P-delta effects need to be considered. ‘They do not need to be considered when the stability cooflcion, 8, is equal to or les than 0.10. 39. Answer is (D) IBC Tables 1613.5.3(1) and 1613.5.3(2) provides the ‘values for the site coefficients F, and F,. Straight-line interpolation must be used for intermediate values. Por 5, = 0.76, Fy = 12. Por $= 1.00, Fz = 1.1. Therefore, for S, = 0.9, 0.90.75 Fy =12- (333) (4-12) = 114 For $1 205, Fy = 1.5. 40. Answer is (D) SI Sokution For the east shear wall, the lateral force due to shear is n-v(sa) = (222410 N) (3) = 111205 8 ‘The moment, due to torsion is Tys=Ve (Eq. 1] PPL ¢ ww .ppigpess.com 28 SEISMIC PRINCIPLES PRACTICE EXAMS ‘The actual eccentricity is e=CM-CR 13.72 m—9.14 m = 458 The accidental eccentricity required by ASCE/SEIT Sec. 12.8.9.2 is 5% of the building dimension perpen- dicular to the lateral fore. e (0.05)(27.43 m) 137 m ‘The total eccentricity is ens =e tee 4.58 m+1.37 m = 5.95 m In Eq, 1, substitute for V and ex.s, then solve for Tx. LN ‘Tes = (222410 N)(6.95 m) (seen) = 1998.34 KN ‘The lateral force due to torsion is ee DR ‘The suin of Rd? can be obtained from the table. Ra (Ba. 2) Done = 207 tm + 125.42 + 1008.35 0? + 250.84 m? = 1607.22 m? In Bg, 2, substitute for Ty.s, Rd, and RE; then solve for F, Fy = (1323.34 ktm) eo) (2000 aw) = 14170 N ‘The lateral force resultant acts through she center of ‘mass, while the resisting force resultant aets through the conter of rigidity. Therefore, for an earthquake mo- tion in the north direction, a torsional moment develops that has counterclockwise rotation; the bulding acts as though pinned at the center of rigidity: wom, Dn an west wall \ cm, ae oo eo; m = HG south Teen ‘The east wall receives positive torsional components. ‘Thorefore, the total lateral force is the sum of the shear force and the torsional force, Prorat = Fy + Pe 11.205 N+ 45170 N = 156375 N (156000) Customary U.S. Solution For the east shear wall, the lateral force due to shear is nov (gf) = (50,000 Ib) (3) = 25,000 Ibt ‘The moment due to torsion is, Tes = {84.1 ‘The actual eccentricity is OM~CR 45 fe — 30 ft =e The accidental eccentricity required by ASCE/SEI7 Sec. 12.89.2 is 5% of the building dimension perpen- Gicular to the lateral force. ‘The total eccentricity is ens = e+e 15 +45 195 ft PPI ¢ wirw.ppizpass.com PRACTICE EXAM I: SOLUTIONS 29 In Eq, 1, substitute for V and ewes, then solve for Ty. Tees = (0,000 N(195 575,000 abr “The Intra foree due to torsion Ie Pa n=0(saz) ‘The sum of Rd? can be obtained from the table Yo ne = 2150 f+ 1360 #2 + 10,800 8? +2700 ft? = 17,300 ft? In Bq. 2, substitute for Ty.s, Rd, and 52 Ral; then solve for F, 180 fe 175,000 fbf (SOR eee ( 7am) = $0,145 Ibe ‘Tho lateral force raeultant acte through the center of ‘mass, while the resisting force resultant acts through the center of rigidity. Therefore, for an earthquake mo- tion in the north direction, a torsional inoment develops ‘that has counterclockwise rotation; the building acts as though pinned at the center of rigidity. wo, Dut, wows [Oo |e & oY —— eG soho bones ‘The east wall receives positive torsional components. ‘Therefore, the total lateral force is the sum of the shear force and the torsional force. Poth = 25,000 Ih + 10,145 IbE = 35,145 Tbf (85,000 tbe} Protat AL. Answer is (C) ‘Tho Professional Engineers Act, California Business and Professions Code, “Professional Engineers” (Ch. 7, Sec. 6704), requires that any person who wishes to prac- tice civil engincering mst be appropriately registered. ‘An opplicant should submit an application to the Board to take the appropriate examinations for registration. ‘The Board evaluates the applicant's professional expe- rience and education and decides whether the applicant meets Board's registration requirements. The appli- cant’s experience and education should evidence that ho/she is competent to practice civil engineering based 6 the Professional Engineors Act (Sec. 6750-6762). A civil engineering dogres ie not a requirement for reg- istration qualification. However, higher education can reduce the Board's number of years of engineering ex- perience requiremonts (See. 6753}. Registered engineers can use the titles “Professional En- gineer,” "Registered Engineer,” “Consulting Engineer,” ‘or any combination of those titles. The provisions of ‘the California Business and Professions Code also re- quire that “Professional Engineers” who practice civil engincering be qualified according to the rules and reg- ulations established for civil engineers by the Board, 42. Answer és (0) ‘The shear capacity of existing steel decking is increased by additional welding to the steel ledger and by adding a reinforced concrete fil. The connection to the wall is deficient for in-plane shear and out-of-plane anchorage forces. ‘To increase the shear transfor capacity of this connec tion, an additional steel ledger can be provided to con- neet the steel support to the wall. The new steel ledger should be drilled, grouted, and bolted to the wall. It should be also welded to the existing steel ledger. ‘To provide the additional out-of plane anchorage capac- ity, a new stoel strap can be installed. The new steel strap should be wolded to the new ledger and to the underside of the steel decking. 43. Ansver is (B) ASCE/SEIT See. 11.7.3 requires all parts of the struc ‘tare between separation joints be interconnected to form a continuous path to the lateral force-resisting sys- tems. The connection strength must be at least 5% of ‘the weight of the emaller portion. PPT # ww.ppi2pass.com 30 SEISMIC PRINCIPLES PRACTICE EXAMS 44, Answer is (D} Typically, construction costs of a building can be esti- rated by the type of building materials selected and the ‘square foot (m2) of building space involved in its con struction. Building materials intuence the direct cost of the amount of work needed to complete the project. In- direct costs, such as pert, fees, construction financ- ing, and so on should not be included in this estimate. It should be noted that structural type also influences the construction cost of buildings. More ductile struc- tures, which are reflected in high R factors, are asso- ciated with increased building construction costs. For example, construction costs for steel with R = 85 are higher than construction costs for wood framed struc tures with R= 6.5. Structural steel is a highly ductile material, which ‘makes it relatively oxponsive. The speed of construction {or structural stee! is fast, depending on the amount of ‘welding or connections required. Concrete construction costs are generally lower than steel consicuction costs. R for conerete structural systems varies from 1.5 to 80 [ASCE/SEI7 Table 122-1]. Concrete construction is slow because it ne- cessitates false (form) work and curing petiods; in ad- ditiow, use of ductile concrete is essential in seismically active areas, and much attention should be given to con- nection end confinement details. Concrete structures may be cast-in-place, precast, or a combination of the ‘two. Concrete “tilt-up* buildings can be built relatively ‘quickly, but tilt-up construction is mainly used in one- story industrial and commercial buildings ‘The strength of masonry structures is sensitive to ma- terials, design, construction, and quality conérol of raze sonty. Masonry construction costs are lower than those of concrete and steel, Masonry constructions relatively fast compared with concrete construction teeause ma- sonry construction requires elther minimal or no false work. Welllesigned| wood structures in high seismic areas have generally had a good seismic performance record, ‘and many recidential structures are built of this con- struction type. The cost of wood construction is lower than that of other building materials. The spoed of construction is very fest. ‘A comparison among the typical cost ranges as well ‘as the corresponding speed of construction ‘or the four different building materials is given in the following table. Wood exhibits the lowest typical onstruction cost as well as the fastest type of construction. [construction] steal | concroto [ moconry | wood cost |axpensive) relatively relatively] lee |expeasive|expensive| expensive| speed | fast | slow [roatively| very fast fast 45. Answer is (D) ‘Phere are advanced structural engineering computer programs for structural analysis and design. Analysis ‘and design can be done on structures constructed of ‘any material or combination of materials. These com- puter programs introduce a technology that provides an advanced level of design capability for frames, trusses, continuous beams, columns, shear walls, frame/shear wall combinations, and more. ‘The analysis options they provide are complete static analysis, P-delte analysis, dynamic analysis, time history analysis, response spec- tra analysis, and uch more, New and enhanced computer programs continue to bring new power and capabilities to the engineering profession. Notable among the computer programs are RISA-SD, SAP2000, STAAD. Pro 2007, Ram Structural System, CSI Perform 3D, ETARS, etc. 46. Answer is (B) SI Sobution 26m cor ae Ha 0m 2224 kN, pep ey ery 46m A 8 Bn Consider the moment about point B due to the applied forces. Fano (444.8 KN)(7.6 m) $ (222.4 KN)(4.6 m) -09(2) (a2 8) com? = (Fa)(7.6 m) = 0 Fy = 857.5 KN (360 KN) PPI #-worw-ppi2psss.com i i | } | i i i E i i p oR isk A 8 oo a Consider the moment about point B due to the applied forces zt Ve =0 (100 kips)(25 ft) + (50 kips)(15 ft) “o)@) oe — (Fa)(25 #) =0 Fy = 80 kips f PRACTICE EXAM I: SOLUTIONS 31 AT. Answer is (D) Chords are boundary members of a diaphragm, such as walls or reinforcements, that aro porpendicular to the direction of applied lateral load. ‘They resist moments ‘and are zegarded as tension and compression members. ‘Phe maximum chord forces occur at midspan where the ‘maximum moment develops. Chord forces at the chord ends are zero. Struts are perimeter members of a diaphragm that are parallel to the direction of the applied load. At points of

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