THERMIONIC EMISSION / Pancaran termion 6V heater Shadow can The shadowCathode rays

• process of emission of electrons from surface of heated supply and still be seen formed by travel in a
metal. 3 kV but the the cathode
straight line.
Proses pembebasan elektron dari permukaan logam yang power surrounding rays. Cathode rays
dipanaskan. supply are screen is Bayang cause
• Metal consists of a large number of electrons which are on green in dibentuk fluorescence.
free to move. 6V colour. oleh sinarKinetic energy of
Logam mengandungi banyak elektron yang bebas pemanas Bayang katod cathode ray
bergerak. dan 3kV masih convert to light
• If the metal is heated at a high temperature, some of the bekalan kelihatan energy when
free electrons may gain sufficient energy to escape from kuasa tetapi skrin they hit the
the metal. dihidupkan berwarna screen.
Apabila logam dipanaskan pada suhu tinggi, sebahagian hijau Sinar katod
dari elektron bebas memperolehi cukup tenaga untuk disekeliling bergerak dalam
terbebas dari permukaan logam itu. bayang garis lurus. Sinar
katod boleh
menyebabkan
kesan
pendaflour.
Tenaga kinetik
sinar katod
ditukar ke tenaga
CATHODE RAYS / Sinar katod cahaya bila
• beam of electrons moving at high velocity belanggar
alur elektron yang bergerak dengan halaju yang tinggi dengan skrin.
• Can be produce using electron gun A bar The cathode Force is Cathode rays
Boleh dihasilkan menggunakan senapang elektron magnet is ray shadow produced can be deflected
brought is moved and because by magnetic
close to distorted and the fields. The
screen Bayang pada cathode Fleming’s left-
Magnet skrin akan rays carry hand rule is used
bar dipesongkan. a charge to determine the
didekatkan direction of
pada skrin motion.
Sinar katod
dapat dipesongkan
Properties of cathode rays using Maltese Cross tube oleh medan magnet.
Arah pesongan
bayang palang
maltese dapat
ditentukan
dengan
menggunakan
petua tangan kiri
Fleming.

Deflection tube / Tiub pemesongan

Procedure Observation Explanation Conclusion

6V heater A shadow of The shadow Light rays travel
supply is the cross is is formed by in a straight line
on seen the ray from Cahaya bergerak
Bekalan Bayang the heated dalam garis lurus
6V palang filament
pemanas kelihatan Bayang
dihidupkan pada skrin dibentuk Procedure Observation Explanation Conclusion
Prosedur Pemerhatian Penerangan Kesimpulan
oleh sinar
dari filament 6V heater No electric Light rays
yang supply and 3 kV fields travel in a
dipanaskan power supply between two straight line
are connected the metal Cahaya
6V pemanas plates bergerak Electrical potential energy = Kinetic energy
dan 3kV Tiada medan dalam garis Tenaga keupayaan elektrik = tenaga kinetik
bekalan kuasa elektrik lurus eV = ½mv2
dihidupkan antara plat hence,
6V heater Electric field Cathode ray v = 2eV
supply, 3 kV exists is negatively m
power supply between two charged
and 1000 V plates Sinar katod Example 1
power supply Medan bercas The potential difference between anode and cathode in an
between the elektrik negatif electron gun is 5 kV. Calculate the kinetic energy of the
metal plates is wujud antara electrons? [e = 1.6 x 10 -19 C]
on plat Beza keupayaan antara anod dan katod dalam senapang
6V pemanas, electron ialah 5kV. Hitung tenaga kinetik electron [e = 1.6 x
3kV bekalan
10 -19 C]
kuasa dan
bekalan kuasa
1000V antara
plat logam
Example 2
dihidupkan
In the vacuum tube of a television receiver, a cathode ray is
6V heater Electric field Cathode ray
produced and accelerated through a potential difference 7
supply, 3 kV exists is negatively
power supply between two charged kV. Determine the velocity of the cathode ray. [e =1.6 x 10 -
and 1000 V plates Sinar katod 19 C and me= 9 x 10 -31]
power supply Medan bercas Dalam tiub vakum penerima televison, sinar katod dihasilkan
between the elektrik negatif dan memecut melalui beza keupayaan 7kV. Tentukan halaju
metal plate is wujud antara sinar katod. [e =1.6 x 10 -19 C and me= 9 x 10 -31]
reverse and on. plat
6V pemanas,
3kV bekalan
kuasa dan
bekalan kuasa
1000V antara QUESTIONS
plat logam 18 The diagram shows a cathode-ray tube.
disongsangkan Rajah menunjukkan sebuah tiub sinar katod.
dan dihidupkan
• The properties of cathode rays can be summarized:
Ciri-ciri sinar katod boleh disimpulkan:
1. Negatively charged particles called electrons.
Zarah bercas negative yang dinamakan elektron
2. Travel in straight lines and cast sharp shadows.
Bergerak dalam garis lurus lurus dan membentuk bayang
(a) What is the meaning of thermionic emission?
yang tajam
Apa yang dimaksudkan dengan pancaran
3. Travel at very high speed and have kinetic energy.
termion?
Bergerak dengan laju tinggi dan mempunyai tenaga
kinetik yang besar
................................................................................
4. Can cause fluorescence. (A process where the kinetic
energy of the electrons is converted into light energy)
(b) What is the function of anode A?
Boleh menyebabkan kesan pendaflour
Apakah kegunaan anod A?
5. Deflected by electric and magnetic fields.
Dipesongkan oleh medan magnet dan medan elektrik
................................................................................
To determine the velocity of electrons
(c) Explain why the tube must be a vacuum tube?
Terangkan kenapa tiub tersebut mesti tiub vakum

................................................................................

(d) What will happen to the electrons when

From the principle of conservation of energy, for each Apa berlaku pada electron bila
electron, (i) the current flows through the filament is
Dari prinsip keabadian tenaga, untuk setiap elektron increased.
 arus yang mengalir melalui filamen (ii) Explain why a very high voltage of 3000 V is used
ditingkatkan in Diagram 4.1.
Terangkan kenapa voltan yang tinggi 3000V
....................................................................... digunakan pada Rajah 4.1.

(ii) the voltage of 5 KV power supply is ....................................................................[1 mark]

increases.
Beza keupayaan 5kV bekalan kuasa (iii) State the energy changes experience by the
ditambahkan. electrons from anode to the screen.
Nyatakan penukaran tenaga yang dialami oleh
....................................................................... elektron dari anod ke skrin

(iii) the switch is closed. / suis ditutup ………………………………………….……[1 mark]

.......................................................................
(e) What happen to the energy possesses by the
electrons when they hit the screen of the cathode-
ray tube?
Apa berlaku pada tenaga yang dipunyai oleh
elektron bila ia menghentam skrin sinar katod?
................................................................................
(b) The voltage between the cathode and anode is 3000
V. The charge of an electron is 1.6 x 10-19 coulomb.
Calculate the kinetic energy possesses by an electron
as it reaches the anode.
Beza keupayaan antara anode dan katod ialah
3000V. Cas pada satu elektron ialah 1.6 x 10-19 C.
Hitung tenaga kinetic yang dipunyai oleh elektron bila
sampai ke anod.

(f) The potential between the filament and anode A is 9 kV.

Beza keupayaan antara filament dan anod A ialah 9kV.
[ e =1.6 x 10 -19 C and me= 9 x 10 -31 ] [2 marks]
Calculate, / Hitung (c)(i) 1000 V power supply is connected to the top and
(i) the kinetic energy of the electrons lower plates. The top plate is connected to the
tenaga kinetic elektron positive terminal and the lower plate is connected
negative terminal. Sketch the path of the cathode
rays in Diagram 4.2.
(ii) the velocity of the electrons 1000V bekalan kuasa disambung plat atas dan plat
halaju elektron bawah. Plat atas disambung ke terminal positif dan
plat bawah ke terminal negative. Lakarkan lintasan
sinar katod pada Rajah 4.2

19.Diagram 4.1 shows a deflecting cathode rays tube

Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan satu tiub pesongan katod.

Diagram 4.2

(ii) From the answer in (c)(i), state one characteristic of

cathode rays.
Diagram 4.1 Dari jawapan di c(i), nyatakan satu cirri sinar katod.
(a) The function of the filament is to heat the cathode and
releases electrons on its surface. ………………………………………………..[1 mark]
Fungsi filament ialah untuk memanaskan katod dan
membebaskan elektron pada permukaannya. 20. Diagram 3.1 shows a simple cathode ray tube. Cathode
(i) Name the process mention in (a). ray emits electrons when switch P is closed.
Namakan proses yang dinyatakan di(a). Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan tiub sinar katod ringkas. Tiun
sinar katod memancarkan elektron bila suis P ditutup.
…………………………..……………………[1 mark]

Diagram 3.1
(a) Name the process that enables the emission of
electrons at the cathode.
Namakan proses yang membolehkan pemancaran
elektron dari permukaan katod.
……………………………………………………[1 mark]
(b) State one reason why extra high voltage is used.
Terangkan kenapa voltan lampau tinggi digunakan .
……………………………………………………[1 mark]
(c)When electrons flow in the cathode rays tube, the
current produced in 5 seconds is 0.01 A. Calculate
the total charge of the electrons.
Bila elektron mengalir di tiub sinar katod, arus yang
terhasil ialah 0.01 A dalam masa 5 saat. Hitung
jumlah cas elektron
[2 marks]
(d)Diagram 3.2 shows an incomplete path of a cathode
ray in an electric field.
Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan lintasan tidak lengkap sinar
katod di medan elektrik.
Diagram 3.2
(i) In Diagram 3.2 complete the path of the cathode
ray. [1 mark]
Pada Raah 3.2 lengkapkan lintasan sinar katod
(ii) Give one reason for the answer in 3(d)(i).
Berikan satu sebab untuk jawapan di3(d)(i)
…………………………………………………[1 mark]
21) Diagram 3.1 shows a cross section of a Maltese cross
tube used to study the characteristics of cathode ray.
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan keratan rentas tiub palang
Maltese yang digunakan untuk mengkaji ciri-ciri sinar
katod
(a) What is the meaning of cathode ray?
Apa yang dimaksudkan dengan sinar katod?
……………………………..............................[1 mark]
(b) When switch S1 and switch S2 are turned on, two
overlapping shadows are formed on the screen.
Explain why the shadows are formed on the screen.
Bila suis S1 dan suis S2 dihidupkan, dua imej yang
bertindih terbentuk pada skrin. Terangkan kenapa
dua bayang tersebut terbentuk.
………………………...................................[1 mark]
(c) Calculate the velocity of cathode ray in the Maltese
cross tube.
Hitung halaju sinar katod di tiub palang Maltese.
[The charge of electron / cas pada satu elektron, e
= 1.6 x 10-19 C and the mass of one electron / jisim
satu elektron, me = 9 x 10-31 kg ].
[2 marks]
(d) Diagram 3.2 shows a pair of magnet with opposite
poles are placed at the sides of the tube. One of the
shadow deflects.
Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan sepasang magnet dengan
kutub bertentangan diletakkan pada sisi tiub. Salah
satu dari bayang terpesong.
(i) By using an arrow, show the direction of the
shadow which deflects in Diagram 3.2. [1 mark]
Dengan menggunakan simbol anak panah
tunjukkan arah pesongan bayang tersebut.
(ii) State the physics rule used to determine the
direction of the shadow.
Namakan hukum fizik yang digunakan untuk
menentukan arah pesongan bayang.
……………………..………….....................[1 mark]
22.Diagram 4.1 shows a cross section of a Maltese Cross
tube which is used to study the characteristics of cathode
rays. The cathode ray is produced when electrons
emitted from a heated cathode.
Rajah 4.1 rnenunjukkan keratan rentas tiub Palang
Maltese yang digunakan untuk mengkaji sifat-sifat sinar
katod. Sinar katod dihasilkan apabila elekton terpancar
dari katod yang dipanaskan.
(d) Diagram 4.3 shows two magnets with opposite poles are
placed at the sides of the tube causing the shadow being
deflected.
Rajah 4.3 menunjukkan dua batang magnet dengan
kutub berlawanan diletakkan di sisi tiub tersebut
menyebabkan bayang itu terpesong.

(i)Diagram 4.4 shows front view of the screen seen by the

(a)Name the process of emitting electrons from the observer.
heated cathode. Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan pandangan hadapan skrin yang
Namakan proses pemancaran elektron dari katod dilihat oleh pemerhati.
yang dipanaskan.

…………………………..……………………[1 mark]

(b)Diagram 4.2 shows a shadow and a green light region

seen on the screen.
Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan satu bayang dan kawasan
Diagram4.4 / Rajah 4.4
cahaya hijau dilihat di atas skrin.
In Diagram 4.4 draw an arrow to show the direction of the
deflected shadow.
Pada Rajah 4.1, lukis anak panah untuk menuniukkan arah
pesongan bayangan tersebut [1 mark]
Dragram4.2 / Rajah 4.2
(ii)State the physics rule used to determine the direction of
Give a reason why / Beri satu sebab mengapa the shadow.
(i) the shadow is formed on the screen. Namakan hukum fizik yang digunakan untuk
bayang terbentuk diatas skrin. menentukan arah pesongan bayang.

………..……………………..………….....................[1 mark] ….…..……………………..………….....................[1 mark]

(ii) the green light region is formed on the screen.
kawasan cahaya hijau terbentuk di atas skrin.

……….……………………..………….....................[1 mark]

(c) Electrical potential energy 4.8 x 10 -l6J gained by an

electron is converted to kinetic energy of the electron in
the Maltese Cross tube. Calculate the velocity of the
electron.
[The mass of an electron= 9.0 x 10-31kg ]
Tenaga keupayaan elektrik 4.8 x 10 -16J yang diterima
oleh satu elektron ditukarkan kepada tenaga kinetik
untuk elekton tersebttt dalam tiub Palang Maltese. Hitung
halaju eIektron tersebut.
[Jisim bagi satu elektrctn, m = 9.0 x 10-31kg]

[2 marks]