Example 4.2 Show that the matrix A is orthogonal -2 2 Since the matrix Therefore, AxA’=4]-2 3 1 00) fi oo 9 0} so 1 0 09) \o o 1) Since A x A“! = A x AT = J, the given matrix is orthogonal. Scanned with CamScannera {1,2,8,9} a wing sequence of numbers: * Example 4.5 Apply DF 1 be included as part of either the forward DFT or iny, Solution Were, }e factor 1/1 is gi Z re, M= 4, The factor 1/M for applying DFT is given °° DFT. nclude 1/M as part of the inverse DFT. So, the formul F(u)= > foe When u = 0, F(0)= Spe” 4 = £(0)+ fl) + f(2)+ fG)= 1424849 = 20 Scanned with CamScannerDIGITAL IMAGE TRANSFORMS 139 When v= 1, FO= Loe a Ore +fxe), foe When w= 2, DAN +9747; FQ)=¥ pape = “UOXs faye y fO)xen _ =142(-1) 480) 49-1) <2 Ing + £0)Ke*] When u = 3, io = FO=D so" g 2 . =L/O xe + payne t) 4 JOKE fax) =142(/)+8(-1)+9(-j) =-7-7} Therefore, the DFT of the sequence is {20,7+7),-2,~7~7}}. One can verify this work by computing the inverse of this sequence. Let us add the factor (1/M) as part of this formula. The formula for computing the inverse DFT is given here: 10)= 7S rwe io 2 a Let.x = 0, one gets reno F0) =ixD Fe 7 =) =1xfFO+F)+FQ)+FO) [20+(-7+7)) +(-2)+ (7-79) Repeating this for x = 1, one gets 5 fQ) =ixDFwe 0 4 F()xe? +FQ)xe* +FG)xe?] Reed 1 .tFOxe 7 1 -7-1j(-)]=—x8=2 [204-74 TDD CAD HTT 8 BIS Bl Scanned with CamScanner18) DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING Repeating this fore = 2, one gets L. Lewe * + RXe™ HFQINE 1 . ==x[FW) xe" qeleew lee = Enpaoeere rik DEC INYHET= TED = PNB SS Repeating this forws Jone gers a) 8) LPO xe + FONE fe FQN 4 FONE! ) ROH T HTD HCD HTT ANOT=8 Scanned with CamScanneramples Apply DET to the following image and prove that DFT works, 2000 0000 0000 0000 T Solution The forward transform is F(u, v) = Kernel x f(x, y) * Kernel Fluyv)= wNenoeoe ot. i ~cosoon cooo coco ZTecceo wnnno oe : 1 The inverse 2D FFT is Jez * Kemel x Flu, v) x Kemel™ M Pio. ut -j a jf fe x ys JOM 1 1 all> 2 a Ccooe my 8 0 0 0 a coo 000 0000 ° lence the original image is recovered without any loss of information. Scanned with CamScanner