E1-80 Operating of Water Terminations for Testing Power Cables R. Gleyvod P. Mohaupt HAEFELY Hig ISH Yokohama, 1993 HIGH VOLTAGE TECHNOLOGYHAEFELY 2a HIGH VOLTAGE TECHNOLOGY Paper697 Operation of Water Terminations for Testing Power Cables R. Gleyvod, P. Mohaupt Emile Hoafaty & Coed Basel/ Switzerland 1, Abstract influences the operating range as far as high voltage, test Water terminations (urther called CTT) are used for ‘duration, cooling power and voltage distribution a testing polymer insulated cables, These terminations ar Srrangement with these terminations together with a fesonant test ayster for rated voltage 800 KY 1. Fig. Test arrangement for testing power cables up to 800 RV AC. {At those high voltages several operating parameters ha 10 be chosen carefully, to assure satisfactory performance ‘willbe shown how the choice ofthe starting conductivity santly used up to voltagas of 800 KV. Fig. 1 shows a test twill be shown, that operation at lectrcal instability ofthe termination system. Results of calculations will be compared to actual 2. Calculation of the Minimum Conductivity ‘The following equivalent circuit diagram is valid for a CTT tube with inserted cable. The capacitors represent the distributed cable capacitance, the resistors represent the distributed resistance of the water inside the termination, 4 RR] ered Vis the length of the termination tube. R-T Aso) Using the water cross section Ay The values are: wd dato dit 174 © : Conductivity ofthe water ds Inner diameter of inner tube dds: Outer diameter of inner tube 42 Inner diameter of outer tube ‘4: Outer diameter of the cable‘The voltage distribution along the recurrent networks ‘described by the following differential equations 21, where x= isthe high voltage ond andx= | the ground end of the tube. suv 1 wag .- SUE Joo W iwerupy = Beh ‘The starting conditions are: Utxa) = Us 04a) » Jo Remark: Currents and voltages are assumed to be sinusoidal withthe radian frequency w. ‘The DEQ. system is solved by Laplace - Transformation /2/ This gives the voltage Utd: Yon Ube =- 5s (sinacosharcosa sinha sinacosha [e080 sinha) + Us cosa cosh + jsina sinha) a= Wh 2WRC)W/] ‘The currant Jo atx = Ois unknown, but the condition Ube] 20 enables the solution of J ‘The absolute value ofthe voltage Utx) is given by: UadteLnV/ In sinB sinhB-m cosBeoshp+ cosacoshal* +(msingsinhp.-n cospicoshB+ sina sinha) B-wi2wRc) Jha sina cosha -cosa sinha = sin cosh - cosB sinhB = sinB cosh + cosp sinh Rasing cosha + cosa sinha: _oh+ an ae on- an er To get the voltage distribution along the tube the substitution rex] is performed. The voltage along the tube is aa) = Us- 1c Fig. 2 shows dtferont voltage distributions U2) for different conductivities ¢ and fer a particular termination ‘system and high voltage cable, ‘To avoid discharges on the tube surface, the voltago Gradient of Uia) has to be less then 2. KViem /3 due ef ‘The maximum field strength dU/d2 occurs atthe ground: side. Max 125 kViem us OSB sin8 + sinhp coshp, coship - cos" Tube Laat Fig2 Voltage distrbutions along the ‘termination tubes at different ‘conductivities. The lowest curve corresponds to the highost ‘conductivity the highest curve {monlineat to the lowest conductivity. Due tothe condition Emuc<25 kVlem ‘curves ofthe minimum allowed conductivity enin versus ‘the voltage Us can be calculated. Fig. 3 shows these on cond @ cy | ] ow 4 ° Vong , Fig.3 Minimum Conductivity versus the ‘applied high voltage with different ‘cable dlameters. The cable diameters are (beginning atthe lowest curve) 10,70, 100 and 130 rim. Operation bbolow these curves would lead to ischarges or even breakdown slong the termination tube, 3. Calculation of the Maximum Conductivity Due tothe application of the high voltage the water is heated, Since the conductivity is increasing with increasing temperature the system might become unstable. To get ‘thermal stability, the starting value of the conductivity has to be lower than a maximum value, calculated as follows. Measurements ofthe electrical power dissipated in the terminations versus the time are shown in Fig. 4 Different starting values result in diferent curves. One of thes ‘curves shows a thermally stable system and the other an Unstable one, where the difference in the starting power_might be only afew Watts. The conclusion is, that there is, ‘critical point at which the system awitches from stabilty to instablity. This point is calculated below. ol Tisininy 100 ‘Measured electrical power for two identical termination systema with differant starting conductivities Inside the terminations follows =Pe-Pw Where is: Q.:thermal energy of the water im: mass of the water n! spec. thermel capacity of water ©: temperature increase of the water Pe applied electrical power Pw: dissipated thermal power ‘The power Pw transmitted through the heat exchanger is Pw = ow dmaldt (82-64) The inlet and outlet temperatures of the h defined below: exchanger @< : 0.018 uSiem a= 1/20 1K B= 1/300 71K? HAEFELY Bag HIGH VOLTAGE TECHNOLOGY The starting powers Po and Pa are : Pon2UtA/] ov Pan2UtA] on ‘This leads tothe DEG: 48 PA Poa-co dmdt at times mom 0 BE ot With the starting condition @tte0) = 0. ‘The solution ofthe DEQis given by foro<0 ford>0 Where w BB fo. Becesemit LO focaseew ‘The ericl points at Deo Fig. 8 shows Ot incase of thermal stability (0 <0) and thermal instablity (0 > 0} 100 00 o Kiet a Fig. § Temperature increase in eauo of a stable and non stable system versus the testing time, The curve Plt) = mederar ‘again in case of stability and instability is shown in Fig. 6. 1 i I CI ° 1 Fig. 6 Electrical power of the termination system, corresponding to the temperature rise of Fig. 5,“The condition D = 0 defines, according tothe actual ‘operating parameters of the termination system, the ‘maximum possible starting conductivity cam. Any increase inthis value of conductivity leads to thermal instability [Poa ond (denva | 2U? PBA Fig. 7 shows curves of one versus the applied high voltage 2 aoa veg ‘Maximum conductivity versus the voltage with diferent cable diameters, The diamators are {beginning at the lowest curve) 0, 70 and 100 mm. Operation beyond these curves leads 10 thermal instability ofthe system. 3. Operat ‘System ‘As shown atthe beginning there i restriction not to go below a minimum value of the starting conductivity, as this would result in too high a voltage gradient (see Fig. 3). On the other hand it was show that a maximum value ofthe starting conductivity is not to be exceeded, as this would lead to thermal instability (see. Fig. 7), The conclusion is, that for & particular termination system there exists an 9 Range of the Termination ‘operating range, depending on the specific operating Darameters. Fig. 8 shows the operating range for different ‘able diameters, which isa superposition ofthe Fig. 3 and, ate owe Operating range of the termination system. Operation between the corresponding curves is allowed and guarantees operation without any The parameter of the curves are the ‘cable diameters 0 min (drawn out line), 70 mm {broken line) and 100 mm { pointed line) 4. Summary ‘To operate a cable test termination at high voltages ( 600 Vand above its absolutely necessary to choose the correc starting conductivity to avoid breakdown slong the termination or thermal instability which leads to switch off ofthe high voltage source. Therefore first of all the correct operating parameters of the system have to be ‘chosen according to the instructions of the operating ‘manual, which includes the needed curves, bated on the above mentioned restrictions, Operation of very high Voltage terminations without a conductivity contro unit is very dificult, and requires much operating experience with water terminations Remark: The preceding calculations performed fora theoretical, ideal working system. In realty the operating ‘range might be reduced due to practical aspects such as reduced cooling refore reduced partially blocked fiters and theret ower or dusty tube surfaces and voltage capability References ACA Senni, M. Pasay Resonant Systems and Water Terminations ISH Dresden 1991, PL 3.C. Jaeger ‘An introduction tothe LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION New York 1956 John Wiley & Sons in. 131. Buccianti, W. Mosca, 0. Perine Problems concemed with Laboratory ‘Terminations for Testing Extruded insulation Cables ISH Milano 1979 141. Mohaupt,R. Gleyvod Improved Voltage Withstand Capability for ‘Standard Capacitors (SH Dresden 1091, 1) W. Wagner yebbertragung 23. Aufl Wareburg 1991 Vogel Verlag Je) .N. Bronstein, K. A. Semendisiow Taschenbuch der Mathematik 22, Aufl Leipzig 1885 Toutner Verlag ‘Adress of authors Dr, Roger Gleyvod Peter Mohaupt Emile Hactoly & Co Lid P.O. Box, (CH-4028 Basel SwitzeriandEMILE HAEFELY & CO LTD LEHENMATTSTRASSE 353, POSTFACH (CH1-4028 BASEL/SWITZERLAND PHONE +4161 3155 11) FAX +4141 3112187 HAEFELY Ea HIGH VOLTAGE TECHNOLOGY