Nowadays, humans have begun to explore from the known to the unknown with the development of

science. Here, they study how to live beings their world, the existence of the world and universe, and
things humans cannot see with their ordinary eyes. Furthermore, they also study and research about the
planes of existence which mention in the ancient and reliable scriptures that they believe. In most
scriptures, we can know and learn about the Gods, the Creators that we cannot able to be seen. However,
most of people believe that they have their realms or planes in this universe or somewhere. In Buddhist
text named Abhidhamma, planes of existence or Bhumis define that the abides of living beings. In this
text, there are thirty-one planes of existence called Bhumis which some can see humans’s eye but some
are not be visible with mundane eyes.
They are the following:
(1) Four woeful planes,
(2) Seven sensuous blissful planes, and
(3) Twenty Brahma planes.
The woeful planes or Apāya means that is devoid of happiness (Sukha) and is really sorrowful, only
suffering (Dukkha). The four woeful planes are called Duggati. The four woeful planes are Niraya(Hell),
Tiracchāna Yoni (Animals), the sphere of Peta(hungry ghost), and Asuras(Demons). Here, Niraya means
the lowest stage of existence and a place of unbelievable torment. Only suffering is to be located here.
The commentators show that there are eight great hell namely Sanjiva, Kalasutta, Sanghata, Roruva,
Maharoruva, Tapana, Mahatapana, and Avici. Each great hell is surrounded by five minor hells: (1)
excreta hell, (2) hot ashes, (3) hell of Bombax trees, (4) hell of trees with sword-like leaves and (5) hell of
molten iron that they are called Ussada Hells.Of these, the Lowest and most terrible is Avīci.
Buddhism maintain that the animal world is one of the woeful planes and is also not a pleasant place. This
realm comprises all the non-human forms of the life that are able to be seen to us under ordinary
conditions: animals, fishs, dogs, birds, etc. Actually, animals’lives are not so great as we thought and they
have no choice. Human beings who have committed evil deeds may be reborn as animals.
The Peta world called hungry ghost are never satisfied, ever hungry, and they can never get enough to eat
and drink and they have no world of their own. It is said that they live in the same world as human
beings_ in forests, boys, etc and they have big , fat stomachs and tiny, little mouths.
Demons or Titans called Asuras world is used to refer to different classes of beings. They are powerful
and aggressive but they do not harm humans similar to Petas. Thus, these four planes are full of suffering
or unhappy and there is no chance to be good deeds and to do good deeds. So, Buddhist people do loving
kindness meditation and say “May all beings happy and peaceful.”
After the woeful planes, there is the human plane and six other places of the sense sphere heavens, the
abodes of the Devas or Gods. Rebirth as a human being called Manussa Loka is extraordinary rare and
precious life. The human has not only a mixture of Dukkha and Sukha but also Upekkhã which means
pain and pleasant or equanimity. It offers to attain the highest happiness and is considered a blissful realm
because the human being is capable of development up to Buddhahood. The attainment of Sotapatti
fruition that all future rebirths will be in human world.
Six other realms of sense sphere heavens are as follows:
(1) Cātumahārajikā heaven,the Realm of the Four Great Kings, has four parts namely the divine
king Dhatarattha who ruled over the Gandhabbas , Virūlhaka who presided over the
 Kumbhandas , Virūpakkha who ruled over the Nāga, and Vessavana, ruler of the Yakkhas or
spirits.

(2) Tāvatimsa is a group of thirty-three noble minded gods with Sakka (Indra) as their king.
(3) Yāma gods is a realm of great happiness presided by the king Suyāma or Yāma.
(4) Tusita is a realm of pure delight and the bode of a Bodhisatta in his last existence.
(5)The gods in the Nimmānarati heaven delight in objects of sensual enjoyment in accordance with
their own creations.
(6) Paranimitavasavattii realm delight in the sense pleasure maded by others for them and Mara lives
here.All these divine realms are full of the luxuries and sensual pleasure and very little Dukkha, it is
mostly enjoyable. Thus, there is no capable of doing good deeds, practicing the Dhamma and taking
meditation. A person who practices Dāna (Donation) , Sīla ( Morality) and Bhāvanā (Meditation) will be
reborn in these Deva world.