2.

0 Design of Substructure
2.1 Design of Pier
Section of Pier

A B C A' 1.475 A
0.50 TPL 83.10

1.00
2.500 2.500 2.00

4.50

4.70 BPL 81.10

8.00
HFL 82.10
2.80
2.40
6.30

3 SBL 78.40

1.60 1.60

0.2 76.80
8.40 10.80 FBL

75.15
MSL
4 rows of piles @2.4 m c/c 5 rows of piles @2.4 m c/c
0.8

PBL
54.80

PBL= Pile bottom level

2.4

8.40 2.4

10.80

Page 1 of 9 Pier_F_pile Gagan Bridge_Design Draft(P)

 Diameter of pile 0.8 m
Spacing betn piles in L-dirn 2.4 m
Spacing betn piles in T-dirn 2.4 m
Pile cap length along L-dirn 10.8 m
Pile cap length along T-dirn 8.4 m
Total no. of piles 20
No. of piles in L-dirn 5
No. of piles in T-dirn 4
Offset in L-dirn = 0.2 m
Offset in T-dirn = 0.2 m
Length of piles= 22 m
Thickness of pile cap (IRC 78:2000 Cl 709.5)= 1.60 m OK
Width of Pile Group along L-Axis = 10.40 m
Width of Pile Group along Axis T-Axis = 8.00 m

Material Properties Pile Pile Cap

Concrete grade (fck) 30 30 N/mm²
Steel grade (fe) 500 500 N/mm²
Allowable stress of steel in tension and shear Sst = 240 240 N/mm²
Allowable stress of steel in direct compression Ssc = 205 205 N/mm²
Allowable compressive stress in concrete in flexure Scbc = 10.00 10.00 N/mm²
Allowable comp. stress in concrete in direct compression Scc = 7.5 7.5 N/mm²
Modular ratio (m) m= 10 10
Neutral axis factor k= 0.294 0.294
j= 0.902 0.902
The resisting moment coefficient R= 1.326 1.326
IRC:21-2000, 303.2.1, Table 9,10
Levels
High flood level 82.10 m
Maximum scour level for pier 75.15 m
Level of deck surface 86.60 m
Thickness of pier cap (overall thickness) 2.00 m
Top level of pier cap (TPL) 83.10 m
Top level of Footing (SBL) 78.40 m
Thickness of footing/cap 1.60 m
Bottem level of footing/cap (FBL) 76.80 m
Thickness of bearing + pedestal 0.50 m
Hence the total height of pier H= 6.30 m
Soil data & seismic data
Unit weight of backfill soil g 18 kN/m³
Unit weight of concrete w_conc 24 kN/m³
Horizontal seismic coefficient aH 0.150
Vertical seismic coefficient an 0.075
Degree
Angle between the wall and earth a 0
Angle of internal friction of soil f 34
Angle of friction between soil and wall d 23
Length of stem column (between the surfaces of the restrains)L = 4700 mm
Diameter of column D= 2400 mm
Page 2 of 9 Pier_F_pile Gagan Bridge_Design Draft(P)
 Effective length of column (IRC:21-2000, 306.2.1) Le = 5640 mm
[ effective length factor 1.2 ]
Total Load
Forces on the Pier at Total Load
Impact (absolute) CG of Load wrt
Point from A B C (incl.
factor (excl. center, m
superstructure impact)
impact)
Distance from center -2.50 0.00 2.50
Dead Load (kN) 1 2140.00 0.00 2140.00 4280.00 8560.00 0.000
Live load (kN) 1.098 864.00 0.00 405.00 1269.00 1393.36 -0.904
Forces at bottom of footing
Dead Load
Dead load from superstructure 8560.00 kN
Dead load due to pier cap 1425.60 kN
Dead load of pier stem 293.15 kN
Dead load of footing 3483.65 kN
Total Dead Load 13762.40 kN
Effect of buyoncy [IRC:6-2000, 216.4 (a)]
Volume of submerged part of pier = 89.31 m³
Net upward force due to buyoncy = -893.10 kN
Live Load
Live load excluding impact = 1269.00 kN
which will act at eccentricity ('CG of Load wrt center) -0.904 m
Critical moment due to live load eccentricity -1147.18 kN-m
Breaking force:( As Per IRC:6-2000, 214.2)
Braking force = 20% of the weight of the design vehicle (Class 70R)
Height of deck surface from the pier cap= 3.50 m
And this force acts along the bridge at 1.2m above the road level 9.40 m
Total weight of the IRC Class 70R vehicle = 1000 kN
Therefore braking force = 200 kN

Frictional force due to resistance of bearings (temperature effect)

Type of Bearings: PoT
CG of 70R load from the support having max. reaction 5.12 m
The bridge is subjected to breaking load at high above bearing level) 4.70 m
Breaking Load ( Fh) 200 kN
Reaction at support having max. reaction (A) 872.0 kN
Reaction at other support (B) 128 kN
Addition force due to support due to braking load + 23.50 kN
Total reaction at support A 848.50 kN
Total reaction at support B 151.50 kN
Dead load reaction at the end suppor B, (free end) 4280.0 kN
µ for pot and ptfe bearings, steel bearings (0.03 or 0.05 whicheve governs) 0.03
Horizontal force due to friction (Ff), µ(Rg+Rb) 4.55 kN
At fixed bearing
Horizontal force, greater of the following: (Non Seis,mic) (Seismic)
Fh-Ff 195.45 kN 1479.45
or 1/2Fh+Ff 104.55 kN 746.55
So, Horizontal force at the fixed bearing in abutment 195.45 kN 1479.45
(i) No Seismic Case:
Force on fixed bearings 195.45 kN

Page 3 of 9 Pier_F_pile Gagan Bridge_Design Draft(P)

 Force on free bearings 128.4 kN

(ii) Seismic Case:

Seismic force in longitudinal direction due to dead load 1284 kN
Braking force 200 kN
Total longitudinal force, Fh 1484 kN
Force on fixed bearings 1479.45 kN
Force on free bearings 128.4 kN

Seismic 9411.20 kN-m

Force due to water current
Exposed height to water current 5.30 m
Exposed surface area 19.98 m
Maximum mean velocity 1.5 m/sec
Maximum velocity, Sqrt(2)*V, (IRC:6-2000,213.3), V = 2.12 m/sec
Shape factor for square end (IRC:6-2000, 213.2), K = 0.66
Pressure intensity =0.52KV² (IRC:6-2000, 213.2) = 1.54
Hence force due to water current = 15.38 kN
Moment due to water current 70.75 kN-m

Horizontal seismic forces:

Forces (kN)Lever Arm (m) Moment (kN-m)
Superstructure: 0.00 6.30 0.00
Pier cap 213.84 5.30 1133.35
Pier stem 43.97 2.95 129.71
Total 257.81 1263.06
Vertical seismic forces:
Superstructure: 642.00
Pier cap 106.92
Pier stem 21.99
Total 770.91

Loads and Moment Calculation

Page 4 of 9 Pier_F_pile Gagan Bridge_Design Draft(P)

 Load Horizontal
Moment Moment
Coefficien Horizontal load
Vertical about about
Particular t load along across
load, P transverse longitudina
(IRC:078- traffic(Y-Y) traffic (X-
dirn (Y-Y) l dirn(X-X)
2000) X)
Combination I Dry case, Non-seismic, Full LL
Total Dead load 1 13762.40
Live load 1 1269.00 1871.78 1147.18
Tractive/Braking force 1 195.45 1329.06
Frictional force 0 0.00 0.00
Total 15031.40 195.45 0.00 3200.84 1147.18
Combination II Flooded case, Non-seismic, Full LL
Total Dead load 1 13762.40
Live load 1 1269.00 1871.78 1147.18
Tractive/Braking force 1 195.45 1329.06
Frictional force 0 0.00 0.00
Buyoncy 1 -893.10
Water Current 1 15.38 70.75
Total 14138.30 195.45 15.38 3200.84 1217.93
Combination III Dry case, Non-seismic, No LL
Total Dead load 1 13762.40
Live load 0 0.00 0.00
Tractive/Braking force 1 195.45 1329.06
Frictional force 0 0.00 0.00
Total 13762.40 195.45 0.00 1329.06 0.00
Combination IV Flooded case, Non-seismic, No LL
Total Dead load 1 13762.40
Live load 0 0.00 0.00
Tractive/Braking force 1 195.45 1329.06
Frictional force 0 0.00 0.00
Buyoncy 1 -893.10
Water Current 1 15.38 70.75
Total 12869.30 195.45 15.38 1329.06 70.75
Combination V Dry case, Seismic, Full LL
Non seismic forces
Total Dead load 1 13762.40
Live load 1 1269.00 1871.78 1147.18
Tractive/Braking force 1 1479.45 10060.26
Frictional force 0 0.00 0.00
Seismic forces 1 770.91 257.81 257.81 1263.06 1263.06
Total 15802.31 1737.26 257.81 13195.10 2410.24
Combination VI Flooded case, Seismic,Full LL
Total Dead load 1 13762.40
Live load 1 1269.00 1871.78 1147.18
Tractive/Braking force 1 1479.45 10060.26
Frictional force 0 0.00 0.00
Buyoncy 1 -893.10
Water Current 1 15.38 70.75
Seismic forces 1 770.91 257.81 257.81 1263.06 1263.06
Total 14909.21 1737.26 273.19 13195.10 2480.99

Page 5 of 9 Pier_F_pile Gagan Bridge_Design Draft(P)

 Combination VII Dry case, Seismic, No LL
Non seismic forces
Total Dead load 1 13762.40
Live load 0 0.00 0.00
Tractive/Braking force 0 0.00 0.00
Frictional force 1 1479.45 10060.26
Seismic forces 1 770.91 257.81 257.81 1263.06 1263.06
Total 14533.31 1737.26 257.81 11323.32 1263.06
Combination VIII Flooded case, Seismic,No LL
Total Dead load 1 13762.40
Live load 0 0.00 0.00
Tractive/Braking force 0 0.00 0.00
Frictional force 1 1479.45 10060.26
Buyoncy 1 -893.10
Water Current 1 15.38 70.75
Seismic forces 1 770.91 257.81 257.81 1263.06 1263.06
Total 13640.21 1737.26 273.19 11323.32 1333.81
Summary of Load
Horizontal
Moment Moment
Horizontal load
Vertical about about
Particular/Load cases load along across
load, P transverse longitudina
traffic(Y-Y) traffic (X-
dirn (Y-Y) l dirn(X-X)
X)
Non-seismic cases
Dry (comb. I), Full LL 15031.40 195.45 0.00 3200.84 1147.18
Dry (comb. II), No LL 13762.40 195.45 0.00 1329.06 0.00
Flooded (comb. III),Full LL 14138.30 195.45 15.38 3200.84 1217.93
Flooded (comb. IV),NoLL 12869.30 195.45 15.38 1329.06 70.75
Seismic cases
Dry (comb. V), Full LL 15802.31 1737.26 257.81 13195.10 2410.24
Dry (comb. VI), No LL 14533.31 1737.26 257.81 11323.32 1263.06
Flooded (comb. VII),Full LL 14909.21 1737.26 273.19 13195.10 2480.99
Flooded (comb. VIII),NoLL 13640.21 1737.26 273.19 11323.32 1333.81

Maximum and Minimum Reactions and Horizontal Forces on a Pile

V ML xc MT yC
Pmax, Pmin   
N xi2 yi2
where, V = Total vertical Load
Xi= Distance of a pile from the y-axis along longitudinal direction
yi= Distance of a pile from the y-axis along transverse direction
xc = Distance of the pile from the axis along longitudinal axis
yc= Distance of the pile from the axis along transverse axis
N= Total no of piles

Moment of inertia of pile I= 2.01E+10 mm4

Modulus of Elasticity E= 27386.13 N/mm²

Safe Ultimate Capacity of Pile from Soil Report 839.00 kN

Page 6 of 9 Pier_F_pile Gagan Bridge_Design Draft(P)
 In this case, Number of piles 20 nos.

= 230.40

= 144.00

Distance of the edge pile from the axis along longitudinal axis xc= 2.4 m
Distance of the edge pile from the axis along transverse axis yc= 3.6 m

Summary of Load
Non-seismic cases Vmax (KN) Vmin (KN) Hmax (KN)
Dry (comb. I), Full LL 813.59 656.21 9.77
Flooded (comb. IV),NoLL 659.08 614.01 9.77
Seismic cases
Dry (comb. V), Full LL 927.56 515.22 86.86
Flooded (comb. VIII),NoLL 850.37 729.86 86.86

Design of pile cap

Bending moment at the face of column = 12436.96 KNm
Minimum effective depth requireq deff_min [sqrt(M/R*b] = 1056.69 mm
Provided overall depth of cap 1600.00 mm
d eff= 1525.00 mm OK
Area of reinforcement required at bottom ,Ast [M/Z*deff*Sst] = 37672.69 mm²
Provide 25 mm dia bars at 130 mm c/c , nos of bars provided- 84 nos. PPC 1 & 2
Provided area of tensile reinforcement at bottom = 41233.40 mm2 OK

Top Bar (0.12%) bothwayws 19764.00 mm2

Provide 20 mm dia bars at 150 mm c/c , nos of bars provided- 72 nos.
Provided area ofcomp. reinforcement at top = 22619.47 mm2 OK PPC 3 & 4

Check for Shear

Shear force at deff distance from face of abutment = 3254.36 KN
Shear stress developed= 0.25 N/mm²
Reinforcement provided 0.32 %
Permissible shear stress = 0.25 N/mm2 OK

Check for punching shear stress

Effective depth of section provided = 1525.00 mm
Total vertical Load= 15031.40 KN
Punching shear stress= 0.80 N/mm²
Permissible punching pressure, 0.16(fck) 0.88 N/mm² OK

For corner pile

Load on pile= 813.59 KN
Effecive length resisting for shear 2456.64 mm
Punching Shear Stress= 0.22 N/mm² OK
Provide nominal shear reinforcement
Provide 12 mm dia bars-10 legged @ spacing of 300 mm PPC 7

Page 7 of 9 Pier_F_pile Gagan Bridge_Design Draft(P)

 Determination of depth of fixity as per IS 2911-Part II
Total depth of pile 22.00 m
Depth of pile upto scour (L1) 1.65 m
Depth of pile below scour (Le) 20.35 m

Types of Soil Sandy (Dense Sand) 1.00

For Sandy Soil, T=(EI/K1)^(1/5) K1= 1.245 kg/cm2
T= 2.13 m
Le/T= 9.55 Valid
For L1/T= 0.77
Lf/T= 2.02
Lf= 4.30 m
Mf= 29.07 KNm (Q(Lf+L1)/2
Reduction factor= 0.900
Actual moment= 26.16 KNm
Non-Seismic Seismic
Resultant Critical forces:
Vertical Load, P = 813.59 kN 927.56 kN
Horizontal Load, H = 9.77 kN 86.86 kN
Moment, M = 26.16 kN.m 232.57 kN.m

Sectional area of stem, (Ag) 502654.8 mm²

Provide main reinforcement (% of sectional area) 1.00 %
Total area of reinforcement 5026.548 mm²
Provide diameter of bars 25 mm
Provided number of bars 11 nos. (PPL 1)
Spacing between the bars 171 mm
Clear cover provided 75 mm
Let provided diameter of transverse reinforcement 12 mm
Diameter up to the line of reinforcement, Dc 601 mm
Area of steel provided, As 5399.61 mm²
Area of concrete, Ac 497255.2 mm²
Check for section capacity of stem
Equivalent area of Section, Ae = Ac+(1.5m-1)*As= 572849.7 mm²
Equivalent moment of inertia of section Ie = (PI*D^4/64) + (m-1)*As*Dc² / 8
4
2.23E+10 mm
3
Ze = 2*Ie/D = 55750826 mm
Non-Seismic Seismic
Scc = P/Ae = 1.42 N/mm² 1.62
Scb = M/Ze = 0.47 N/mm² 4.17
(Non-Seismic) (Scc/Sacc + Scb/Sacb) = 0.24 <1 Satisfied
(Seismic) (Scc/Sacc + Scb/Sacb) = 0.42 <1 Satisfied

Page 8 of 9 Pier_F_pile Gagan Bridge_Design Draft(P)

 Check the section for shear Non-Seismic Seismic
Resultant critical horizontal force: 9770 N 86860
Shear stress developed, tau = 0.019 N/mm² 0.173
Percentage of longitudinal steel (as provided)= 1.074 % 1.074
Allowable shear stress tc = 0.420 N/mm² 0.630
Satisfied Satisfied

Hence, No shear reinforcement required just provide nominal bars.

Provide 12 mm circular rings @ 100 mm c/c upto height of 3 m from top of pile.
(PPL 2)
Provide 12 mm circular rings @ 150 mm c/c in rest portion of pile.
Summary of reinforcement of Pier Pile Cap and Pile

Ø 25 @ 130 mm c/c PPC 1 & 2 Ø 20 @ 150 mm c/c PPC 3 & 4

Ø 12 @ 5 No.all sides(PPC 5 &6) Ø 12- 10 Legged @ 300 mm c/c PPC 7

M 30

Ø 12 @ 100 mm c/c (PPL 2)

0

Ø 12 @ 150 mm c/c (PPL 2)

0
M 30
Ø 25 @ 11 Nos. (PPL 1)

Page 9 of 9 Pier_F_pile Gagan Bridge_Design Draft(P)