l)t"(li(""finli

I his hool is d(\di< ell(\d 10 11)(\ n\IH)WI)(\d I1ldSI(\r < (\1', 111isl
Mellolo Ydl1leHl)()IO, el sOLIn (\ o( gllide)lH (\ clnd inspirdlion;
ell1d 10 11)(\ Slel(( o( ()sdkcl ( '(\rcllni( Irelining «\1)1(\1', for IIH\il
<h\diclliol) clnd slIpporl of Ihis proj<\('1.
 go,ll ollly with ;1 thorollgh 1IIlder">t.lIldillg ,mel <'xpcrt I'< 'pro-
I he Illdgnificcl1t illl,lgC of tl'('('S 1'(',lching to the sky ,1I1d f,lllel1
tr('c's nC',1rhy still hudding ,1nd not dec tlying Wc1S the inspirc1tioll duct iOIl of Illorphology.
Morphology is the foulldc1tion o( dellt,ll Idhor,ltory work;
lor the titlc of this hook, N.l/ur('\ M()rpho/o,~y, sillce thc S,lllle
thcrdol'(', lIndcrst.1Ilciing tl)(' proper t('< hlliqll(' for its I'eprodu< -
1ll,11Icc1hlc' 1)("Hlty th,lt n,ltUI'(' tre,ltt'S ill tn'cs c ,1n he foulld ill
tion is P,11'c11l10unl. \ his is the lllc1in r(';l..,on why Illorphology is
the hUlllt1l1 dentitioll. rhe Illorphology of th(' n,ltur,ll tooth is
our idc,ll guide, ;lnd c losc' ohserv,ltion of it will t("H'h us <lhout thc topic of this hook.
Three fund,llllentc11 elclllents of ll1orphology tHe ne< e">">,uy
how it fUllc tions, ,lhout its r<'I,ltiollship to th(' p('riodont,ll tis -
to cre,lte csthetic ,lily ple,lsing restot',ltions:
sues, ,1nd ,1hout how it t rt';ltCS h,Hlllony with ,1 person',,> f,Ke.
With n,ltur,ll dentition ,1S our Illodcl, this hook provides instruc-
I. rhe first is knowledge of Ihe thrce h.1si< tooth morpholo-
tion for ,ltt,lining htHlllony in dent,ll restortltions.
gies squ(lI'e, ovoid, ilnd t.ll)('rcd .lnd the (lhilily to 'lelapt
rhc growi ng d('llltlnd for cst het ic r('stor,lt ions W,lS ;1 1ll,1jor
(',lCh to h,Hmoni/e with the p,lticnl's (H.T ,lnd dentition.
illlpetus for the (omlllel'e itll devC'lopnlt'nt of cer,llllie mtlteri,lls
2. rhe second is .1 m(lstery of lohes, whit h ;ll'e Ihe ('len1<.'nls
with improved cstl)('tic prop('rtics. As .1 rcsult, modern ('('1',1111 -
Ih(ll COlllpose morphology. \ ohes ,HC' t onsiderecl tln(llomi<
ics ('n,lhlc the cel',1I11ist to ,1\1,lin ,1 n,ltur,ll look in tlrtifici,ll
divisions of ,1 loolh (lml ,He uSll,llly scp,lI-'lled hy prim,lry
rcstor.lt ions, wh ieh rC(Ju ir(,s thc succcssful reproduct ion of
grooves. All hunhln teelh comprisc four or more loht's.
thrce critic,ll ,lSP('cts: single-tooth morphology, tooth ,llignnlt'nt,
\)e{ ,1use toolh SlIrf,1('('S ;lr( intcrrel,ltec\ ,1nd do Ilot (',' ist ,]">
,In<l n,ltur,lltooth tolor.
S{'P;)r,lt( C'nlilies, ;1 complelt' und'rst,lndillg of lohe,,> is
10 e 1'(',lt(' pl(,c1sing estheti( s, thcse thn'e elclllcnts Illust
t'sscnti,ll 10 crc,llillg Ihe proper composilion of ,1 loolh. Th<
,H'hi('v<' d (l<'lic,ltc h,ll,ln("('. I his hook discuss('S rcpl'odu{ tion
cOllneclions helween Ihe v(lrious slIrf,1Ccs form Ihe tooth.
o( singl<'loolh rllorphology ,111<1 toolh ,llignrllcnt in del,lil. A,,>
lh('r('fore, 011(' musl know how 10 t'el,ltc slIrf.K('S to {'(1( h
lll.lsl('t's in Ihis field know, I'('pro<lll< tion of n,llul'.ll toolh color
other 10 (H'hit'Vt' ,111 l'sthcli< conlour of the e I'ovvn. llH
is ( lo,,>('ly 1'<,I.1ted 10 Illorphology, 'llthough it is II';Hlition,llly not
degree 10 whit h (',l('h lohe is dl'vl'lop'd \vill die tate ih
«()nsid('I'<,d 10 1)(,. V,1I'ious huild - up techniques helVe heen
r{'I(lliollship wilh Ihe 11('1 lohe, (lnd Ihus \vill di<. tatc thl'
inlrodll( (,d, htll lil('ir oul< onl<' is simil,1I': d color cOrllposilion
direction, Ihi( klll'SS, tlnd lot ,1lion o( ('"OllrH'( tioll IwtW{'l'11
()f ">c'v('I.ll I.lY<'l's of pOt'< ('Iilill. Th<' proper ('xpr('ssion of color
Ih(' lohes. rhis will <llso determille lo( (llioll, di~tillc tivl'll<.'sl.."
is 111<' n'slill of propc'rly l.ly('ring Ill(' diff(,I'<'nl colors wilhin Ih('
(lIld dc'plh of groov('s ,11ld pits. II is t'(lSY 10 see lil.1l tooth
nvc'l'.lll sp.l( C' cOllfim'nH'nh clv.lil,lhl<' (or Ih(' porc('I.1in. In
morphology is Iht, slim of til(' v(lrioll"> loht'S ,llld tht'ir illt{'r-
ol\1c'r words, Ihc' h.lI'IllOI1Y of Ill<' <'slhc'lic n'slor,llioll i"> (1 h,ll -
(lei ion.
.Inn' of col()r .1I1e1 prop<'1' morphology. ()I1C ( .111 dchi('v(' Ihis
()nly tl Ihorough und<'rsl,lI1ding of d('llltll ,m,llomy < tlll n'sull
ill Ill<' prop<'r <', pr<'ssioll of loolh morphology ill d<'l1ltll r('slOld
liollS, Allhough I h,l(l sludi('d d(,I1I,ll ,m,llolllY dllril1g my Irtlill
illg, ,mel m,my ('X< ('11('111 I('xlhooks Oil d(,IlI,ll tll1tllOlllY W('!'('
tlv.lil.lhl(' 10 I1H', I pdid lilll(' tlll('l1lioll 10 II1<'s(' soUr«'S ul1lil
.1houl I () Y(',l!'S tlgo,
Why did I 1101 P,lY tlll('lllioll 10 Ih('s(' hooks~ II S('('1l1S 10 111('
Ihtll 11011(' WtlS wrill('11 hy p('opl(' who d( 11Itlily ftlhri( tll(' el('IlI.11
r('slortlliolls d('I1I.1II('chlli( i,lllS ,m<l IIl<'r(,for(' Ill<' hooks w('n'
lll1.1PP<',llillg 10 IlH' .
Afl('r !'(',lli/illg Ihis, I COIlI('lllpl.1I<'cl Ih(' f(',lsihilily of pullillg
log('IIl<'r tl hook Ihtll would d('s( rih(' d(,llltll tllltllolllY frolll .1
I('chlli( i,lIl'S poilll of vi('w. lorllllltll('ly, ,111 illvil,lliOIl 10 wril('
SLI eh tl hook (.111 1<' from ,1 pll h Ii sll<'r ,1I1d I h u S ('11 tl hi ('d II S 10
< rysl,lli/,(' ollr Ihoughts.
R('gtlrdl<'ss of fulllr(' .1dV,lIl«'IlH'llls ill d<'lllislry, ('ilh<'1' frolll
,1 hiologi< or hiollltll('ri,lls sl,lI1dpoilll, Ill<' cOllcepl of r('produ(
illg Il,llllrtli loolh Illorphology ill d<'IlI,ll n'slor,llions n'm.1ills
lim(,less. In tlddilioll, (r("llillg h,lI'IllOIlY wilh Ihe p('rioclolll,ll
tlpp,lI',llllS ,lIld jtlW IllOV('nl<'l1ts ,1I1d providing dur,lhilily dn'
SOIlH' otlH'r ( !'llCi,ll f,wlors Ihtll OIH' sholiid ,Hldn'ss wh('11 f.lhri -
(.lli/lg d('nltll r<'slortlliolls.
W(' ill iii .111 Y ('Ilvisioll<'d tl I('x I hook I htll cOlild h(' 1I1l( I<'rslood
simply hy sludyillg illllSI!',lliolls. Ilow('v('r, tlS IIH' work pro-
gn'ss('d, W(' fOlilld il impossihl(' 10 COIlV('y .111 of Ollr Ihollgh\<,
wilholll I<'xl. Ill<' I('xl ill Ihis hook, .1S ill d('llltll tllltllolllY hool s,
is flill of I('chlli( ,11 I('rllls .1Ilcl tlll<'lllpts 10 ('Xpl.lill Ihn,(,-elill1<'11
sion.ll ohj('cts. Iryillg 10 .1hsorh .111 of Ih(' illforllldlioll frolll Ill<'
illl.lg('S .mel I('xl ill Ill<' firsl n',Hlillg is ;111 llllll('("('ssdry ( h.1l -
1('llg('. I slIgg('sl Ihtll YOll SI,HI hy lookillg .11 Ih(' illl.lg('S firsl,
Ih('n r<'.1d Ih(' I('xl.
Workillg on Ihis hook 1l1.HI(, 111<' r('.1liz(' how <tlli( kly lilll(,
p.1SS('S .llld how Illll( h ('fforl is r('<tuir<,d 10 g('Il('rdl(' SU( h .1
puhli( .1lioll, Wrilillg .1 hook whil(' holdillg tl full - lim' posi -
lioll is 110 ('tlSY l.1sk ,111<1 wOlild htlv(' h('('11 illlpossihl(' wilh
oul Ih(' Ir('Ill<'lldolis slipporl of lll.lllY p('opl(', Wilh Mr K,lt.l -
ok'l, I ('xl(,lld h(\,HI('11 gr.llilud(' 10 Mr M.1kolo Ytllll.llllOlo,
Ilis .1dvic(\ .1houl hook pr<'P,H,llioll WtlS illdisp(\IlS,lhl(', I ,llso 11
Ih,lllk Ill<' sl,lff ,11 1)('111.11 ('r<'cllioll Al'l for Ih('il f,lilhful supporl
durillg Ihis proj('cl, ,mel Ill<' slclff ,11 ()s,lk,l ('rtlllli( I!',lillillg
( ('111('1' ,mel M. Ytlllltllllolo C('I't 1111 i sl' S 111<, k 1l0W i Ilg I h cl t W('
I
sigll i fit 'lllily i IHOIlV('1l i('llc(\d I h(,1ll duri Ilg I h(' pn'p,l 1',11 iOIl of
I h is hool"
Yoshimi Nishilllurtl, RI) I
1)('111.11 ('r<',llioll Al'l
und m nt 1 f
ooth M r h I. y
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Fig 7b Fig 7c
Fig 7a U'i('" Ihill, «)Il(' sh.lfl('d (1('1/) I..,hofu I }[IId C'H'1l SlcJll(' No.1 C I ((('"
1c'r) .Inc! il..; .lllgl('d V('I..,,()11 (light).
Fig 7b 10 f()lIll "'YlllllH'lly wilh IIH' (OIlII.II.1lel.lI lo()lh, U"'(' Ihl"' lip ()f Ih('
.lllgl(' mod,fi('d I }[IIti (,1('('11 I..,t()IH' (I ig 7,1, right) I() (OIlIOUI d l,till,lI gr()ovc.'.
eh 4 70 ( (>I1lp/('I(' Ih,.., ..,I('p wllh II\(' n'..,lor.lII()1l nil IIH' workillg (.1..,1.
Fig h' Wilh Ih(' r(·..,lor.1li()11 off the workillg (.1..,1, "'1I1()olh Ill<' Ill.llgill,t1 .IIHI
«'l1lr.1I ridg('''' .1IHI Ill.lk(' Ilwlll more prolllllH.'1l1 U..,lIlg Ill(' I )lJI.l C,e't'll SIIIIH'
..,I)Owll in I ig 7.1 (/('11)
Fig 7d C('r.lI11i( r('..,IOltiIIOIl With prop('lly (OlllolJl(,d ridges. l.lh,,11 vi('w
(ll'Ii); I ilL'''' 1.1 I /.11('1,11 VI(W (light)
Enlphasis
At this point, the thi( kl1(!~s ,mel the dir('( tion of thL' tntlin ridg('~ ,md
the tr,II1SVerS(' ridge,,> ,1'-(' not fin(lli/('d, (11)<.1 the SUrfd( e i"> rough
dUl"' to the COdrsc' grincling in">trunwnh. II1('r('(or(', finer points ,H('
r{'cornrnenclecl to slllooth the surf,l«' of th(' (cr.lf))it re">tordtion
,\/lei to rccontour ,lIlel ">Illooth til(' Il1dil1 riclg('''> <mel th(' tr,lIl">v('rs('
ridg('s. Snloothing ;lI1el n'( ontoLiring r{'''>lrlt in bettc'r light r(·fI(·( tion
(ronl tlH' l;ilJi;t1 riclg('''> Zlnd thus ,1 11dturdl looking r(·">tordtion.
II) ddditioll to til<' r('contouring of th(',,>(' ridw's, mor(' c1('tdil(·d
SlIrf"cC' cildrd( t<.'ristics, sU( h dS d( (e">">ory ridg('''>, V ,,>hdp('d gIOOV('''>,
"IHI proxilll.t1 groOV(',,>, should 1)(, fOlllled dt thi"> stdg('.
U,,>(' thinrH'cI Iflodificdtiol)"> of the Shofll I )lIr.l (;r('('n Ston(' No. Fig 7d
Te I (Fig 7;1) for thi"> proccdllre.
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I:ig 7(' Modlfy.l I..,hofll 1)111.1 (dH'1l ( h 4 71

1..,10111' N(). I( I .,llghlly WI(II'I Ih,1I1
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frnph<. sis
figs 7f to 7h Iioid 1111' ill.,IIlIIlH'1l1
I h( d('plh 01 Ill/' Ir,lflSV(·r,,(· groOV('~ v.lri(·~ ,l( «mling 10 Ill<' lo( .1 - .11 diff('n'lll ,lllgic's .I( ( mdlllg 10 Ihc'
(ion of 11)(' groOV(' Oil Ill<' loolh. IIH'Y ,In' e1('('P from 11)(' ill( i~.ll ('dg(' loc ,rlicH) o( IIH' IltlIlW('r.,(, groove' .

to Ihe rllicJcJl(' .Illd "h,lIlow loW,lf"(1 111(' «,tvi( ,11 .In'.l , lilling Ill<' rig 7i 1..,( IH'lll.Jli< tlltl.,II.Jlioll .,how-
J)ur.l ( ,r'('('11 SlotH .lppropri.lI(·ly will n'proelll< (. Ill<' S.lgill,ll . . 11(11)(. Illg V.JlilJlI., po.,IIIOI1., of IIH' IIlSIIlI
111('11/ .JC < ordlllg 10 Ill<' I()< tlliOIl or
of II l(' I I'.IIlSV( 'r,,(· groOV( .~. Ill!' Iltlll.,vc'rsc' groOV('"
A rllodifj('d \)111'.1 (.1'1'('11 SIOIH' No. I ( I wilh d fltlll('IH'd lip i~
1'I'(otllnll'IHI('cJ 10 form 1I'.IIl~V(·I'''(· groov(''', As "flown in I ig 7f, IllI'
.... 101 (.' i . . allgl(·d 'lg,JiIl~1 111(' "lll'f,l( (. 10 form ,1 n,Ulow Ir,m . . v(·r . . (·
groove. 1111' Ir,1I1"V('r . . (' gro()V(' in I ig 7g i~ lo( .I1(·el in( i . . ,llly 10 111('
grouve in I ig 71, dlHI Ill/' poinl . . hOlrid 1)(' II· ........ ,mgl('d 10 form d

dl'('p('r ,lnd wid('r grl)()V(·. 11)(' Ir,1I1~V(·r"(· groOV(' ill I ig 711, i . . 10-
e dl(lcl It ( ,,,,Illy 10 Ihl' groov(' in I ig 7g, tllHI Ill<' poinl i~ ('V('1l II· . . S
angled to fom1 ,1 "h, lIow dtul /',111)('1' wid(' groOV(·.
Ir,lI . . vl'r"( groovl . . ,In' II . . " cJi"lill( I wlH'1i IIH'Y inl('rs('( I longilll -
dln,d ndge . . (mel ilion di"lilH I wlll'll Iluly illl('rs('( I longillf(lill,d 7i
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