Professional Documents
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Structurally
Upper respiratory system
Nose, pharynx and associated structures
Lower respiratory system
Larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs
Functionally
Respiratory zone
Site of gas exchange
Conducting zone
Provides rigid structures for air to reach the sites of
gas exchange
Includes all other respiratory structures (e.g., nose,
nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea)
Figure
11
22.2b
Chapter 22, Respiratory System
Nasal Cavity
Respiratory mucosa
Lines the balance of the nasal cavity
Figure
15
22.3b
Chapter 22, Respiratory System
Nasal Cavity
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Figure3022.4a, b
Chapter 22, Respiratory System
Structures of Voice Production
Larynx anatomy in other presentation
Figure
33
22.5
Chapter 22, Respiratory System
Framework of the Larynx
Figure
38
22.5
Chapter 22, Respiratory System
Copyright 2009, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sphincter Functions of the Larynx
4 layers
Mucosa
Submucosa
Hyaline cartilage
Adventitia
Figure
45
22.6a
Chapter 22, Respiratory System
Location of Trachea
Parietal pleura
Covers the thoracic wall and superior face of the
diaphragm
Continues around heart and between lungs
Cup-shaped outpouching
Alveolar sac – 2 or more alveoli sharing a common
opening
Figure
68
22.8a
Chapter 22, Respiratory System
Respiratory Zone
Figure
69
22.8b
Chapter 22, Respiratory System
Alveolus
Respiratory membrane
Alveolar wall – type I and type II alveolar cells
Epithelial basement membrane
Capillary basement membrane
Capillary endothelium
Very thin – only 0.5 µm thick to allow rapid diffusion of gases
Figure7222.9.c, d
Chapter 22, Respiratory System
Respiratory Membrane
Figure
77
22.24
Chapter 22, Respiratory System
Control of Respiration:
Pons Respiratory Centers
Pons centers:
Influence and modify activity of the medullary
centers
Smooth out inspiration and expiration transitions
and vice versa