WIRELINE | REFERENCE / TRAINING MANUAL |Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5 Section 6 Section 7 Section 8 Section 9 Section 10 Section 11 Section 12 Section 13 Section 14 Section. 15 INDEX Surface Equipment Xmas Tree Rig Up The Well Wireline Wireline Unit HS Safety Toolstring Basic Service Tools Basic Pulling Tools Fishing Neck Sizes Lock Mandrels Running Tools Plugs and Equalizing Subs Test Tools Sliding Side Doors Shifting Tools Separation Too! Surface Controlled Safety Valves Control Panel Gaslift Kickover Tools Valves Side Pocket Mandrels Ameradas Gauges Soft Set Hanger Perforator Bailers Back Pressure Valves Wireline fishing Pack — Offs Calculations & Conversion Factors Section Contents 3-1 4-1 5-1 6-1 Tel 8-1 9-1 10-1 Wed 2-1 13-1 14-1 15-1SECTION 1 - SURFACE EQUIPMENT Introduction | History pene) Surface Equipment - General 1-3 - Stuffing box 1-5 - Line Wiper 1-6 ~ Grease Injector Head 1-6 ~ Quick Unions 1-8 ~ Lubricator 1.9 - Wireline B.O.P. teu - Xmas Tree 1-17 - Weight Indicator 1-18 - Hay Pulley, Wireline Clamp 1-19 - Rigging up 1-20 PROJECT INDEX Project Topic Page 1 Stuffing box 1-7 2 Quick Unions 1-10 3 Lubricator 1-10 4 BOP. 1-16 5 Weight Indicator 1-21 6 Rig Up Procedures 1-21 Projects to be completed during course.WIRELINE OPERATIONS INTRODUCTIO. The forerunner of the ~— modem — circular cross-section wireline was the ‘at type graduated measuring line. The flat type was used only for measuring the depth of shallow wells. Nowadays, not only are the depths of the deepest wells determined, but bottom hole temperatures and pressures. are measured, tubing dimensions can be checked, wax deposits and sand can be removed, and a large number of tools and items of equipment can be set, retrieved or manipulated to change the well status using wireline techniques. Wireline operations can save a great deal of time and money. when performed efficiently and safely. Efficiency and safety can only be achieved through good planning, and this includes employing highly skilled, conscientious operators, trained to the correct standards and procedures, and using the correct tools and equipment maintained to the highest standards, The skills can only come from good on-the-job practical experience, the knowledge behind the skills from technical and safety courses and appropriate literature Supervisors and operators. should be fully aware of the various constraints imposed upon them during wireline operations. Perhaps the greatest of these is that the operator is working “blind” , and must work with indicators. observations and modern instrumentation, which, together with his own skills, assist in developing improved “sensing It is, however, still difficult when the tool being used is several thousand feet away at the end of a length of wire, and possibly in heavy mud or crude oil. Other typical restrictions which can affect wireline operations are = Corrosion Sand Scale Well deviation Equipment design limitations Many of these can be minimized through good planning and a_ professional approach to the complete wireline operation from the planning stage to the production stage. For example, corrosion can be minimized by correct equipment selection or inhibition, and sand production can be minimized by efficient well control and completion design. It is only through good records and careful analysis of data so obtained that Problems are highlighted and improvements can be made and solutions found. Efficient well records are essential Refer to these prior to a wireline job to check problems previously encounteredWIRELINE SERVICE Wireline Service is a method whereby various well maintenance, remedial, control and safety functions are accomplished, under pressure, in the wellbore below the earth's surface. This is done by “running” and “pulling” the tools and equipment into and out of the wellbore by use of a small diameter wireline mounted on a powerful reel at the surface. Some of the functions which are accomplished by use of the wireline are installing and retrieving safety valves, plugs and_— pressure regulators; removing sand and parafin from the wellbore, running instruments to record bottom chole pressure, and temperature and installing and retrieving gas lift valves. Most wells upon which we perform Wireline Services will contain, or be subject to, pressures of from a few pounds up to several thousand pounds per square inch. This pressure is a natural condition of the undergound formation into which the well has been drilled and where the gas and oil is being produced from. To enable the tools to be mun into the well under pressure we | require the surface equipment shown below : #1] | each component on the following list can be identified on pl-4: () Stuffing box - (Alternate sealing Wiper Box, Grease Injector Head) T (1) Lubricator Bleed off valve. ee (au) Quick Unions (Otis or Bowen) | Qv) BOP. a (v) Tree Connection | | | (vt) Ginpole and Rope Blocks j (vu) Lifting Clamp Alt (vm) Wireline Clamp | x) Hay Pulley (Martin Decker Weight Indictor Sensor.SURFACE EQUIPMENT — > 4 | sow our PReveNroR eure. unionsSTUFFING BOX \ Sheave Guard Sheave Wheel Oil Reservoir Gland Nut Top Gland Packing Swivel Bearings Pressure Relief Valve Bottom Gland Intemal B.O.P. Quick Union To use with different wire diameter change: (i) Top Gland (ii) Packing ii) Bottom Gland OTIS WIRELINE STUFFING BOX Ceeemee ate Internal B.O.P. RetainerWIRE SEALING DEVICES Wireline Sealing Devices fulfil one of two functions (a) Pressure containment. (Sealing). (b) Pressure reduction on braided line (Partially Sealing), (c) High Pressure containment on braided line (a) For solid wirelines, only pressure-containing stuffing boxes are utilized. The standard stuffing box is rated for $000 psi but they are available in 10,000 psi and higher. The essential function of the wireline stuffing box is to ensure containment or sealing off around solid wirelines, whether stationary or in motion, at the upper end of the lubricator during wireline operations. In addition, most stuffing boxes contain a BOP plunger. which seals off flow in the event that the wireline breaks and is forced out of the packing section A swivel - mounted (360° free movement) sheave wheel and guard are fitted to the top half of the stuffing box. The wheel is positioned so as to maintain the passage of the wire through the centre of the packing rubbers. The sheave guard on the Otis stuffing box is designed to trap wire which breaks on the surface before it drops downhole. O-Ring No = 91Q1338 (International O-Ring No = 2-338) (b) Line wiper (Wiper box, swabbing head) Use To partially seal around 3 / 16 braided line. Seals Split rubber elements Limitations Maximum well pressure 500 psi. Operation: The hydraulic packing nut is used to adjust the compression on the rubber element to minimise leakage. A 100% seal is not achieved while line is in motion as “squeeze” required would create too much friction © Grease injector head Use To seal around 3 / 16 braided line at pressures up to 5000 psi Seals Grease injected around wire as it passes through flow tubes. Limitations : Difficult to achieve a 100°% seal Operation Flow tubes, machined to close fit to OD of line. are pressured up with honey grease to a pressure slightly higher than well pressure. This prevents escape of well fluids. In order to supply grease under pressure we require the following equip- ‘ment to rig up the grease injector head. 1) High pressure grease pump. 5) Wiper box. 2) Grease reservoir. 6) — Grease injector head assembly 3) Compressor. 7) Sheave 4) Hoses 8) CranePROJECT 1 - STUFFING BOX Slickline stuffing box |. What is the purpose of the standard box? What is the pressure rating of the standard stuffing box? 3. List four points which you should check prior to using the stuffing box? a) (n) (am) ay) 4, What is the purpose of the B.O.P. plunger in the Otis stuffing box? b. Wiper box 1. When do we use this type of device? 2. What is the maximum well pressure at which this can be used? 3. If we cannot satisfactorily contain well pressure which component must be changed? c. Grease Injector Head 1. List equipment required to rig up grease injector head. a) an au) ay) ) ow) (vn) 2. What is the maximum pressure which can be contained by.this device? 3. What are the disadvantages of this device?QUICK UNIONS The connections used to assemble the wireline service lubricator and related equipment are referred to as “Quick Unions” .. They are designed to be assembled by hand The box end receives the pin which has an O-ring seal. The collar has an internal ACME thread to match the external thread on the box. This thread makes up quickly by hand and should be kept clean. The O-ring forms the seal to contain the pressure and should be thoroughly inspected for damage — replace if necessary. A light film of oil (or grease) helps to make up the union and prevent cutting of the O-Ring. Pipe wrenches. chain tongs hammer should never be used to loosen the collar of the union, If it cannot be iumed by hand. all precautions must be taken to make| sure that the well pressure has been completed released. | The collar of the union will make up by hand when the pin end. with the O-ring. has been stopped by a shoulder matching a shoulder on the other end. When the collar makes up completely. it should be backed off approximately one quarter tum to eliminate any possibility of it sticking due to friction when it is to be removed. Rocking lubricator to ensure it is perfectly straight will assist’ in loosening quick union. O-RING | O-RING N° 91Q 1236 (2-236) <—— 30x BOWEN NOTE : differences between Otis and Bowen (i) Extemal - Holes (ii) Intemal - angles (ii) Pin diameter (Otis 3.5, Bowen 4.375”) High pressure quick unions are welded to lubricator- not threaded.LUBRICATOR The lubricator enables tools to be introduced to. and removed from, a well under Pressure. It is a tube with quick connections at each end. For low pressure (below 5000 psi) applications the quick unions are threaded. For high pressure use the quick connections must be welded in position and x —rayed and pressure tested prior to use. All lubricators should be x-rayed. magnifluxed for cracks and visually inspected at regular intervals The pressure ratings of lubricator are: Working press (psi) Test press (psi) 3000 4500 5000 7500 10000 15000 Note : H 2 S equipment must be used on wells containing more than 10 ppm HS (0.001%) The standard length of lubricator is 8 ft but shorter sections are available (4-5 ft) They are usually positioned at the bottom The lower section must be of sufficient diameter to accommodate tool / equipment being run. (Usually same size as tubing and wellhead). Upper sections are smaller as only the toolstring is inside. Total length must be sufficient to take total toolstring plus tools being recovered Maximum length recommended to be picked up with rope blocks on ginpoles are : i) 3 sections- if lower section does not exceed 4 1 / 2° ii) 2 sections- if both sections are 4 1 / 2" If diameters exceed these sizes a crane must be used. ‘Common sizes are: ea en sel eal euand) 5.2 MANUFACTURERS ~ HYDROLEX, OTIS, BOWEN WIRE TRACKING Caused by wire cutting into inside wall of lubricator. This can drastically reduce strength of lubricator and should be checked by visual inspection regularlyPROJECT 2 - QUICK UNIONS What is the visible (extemal) difference between Otis and Bowen Quick Unions” What is the internal difference? Can these quick unions be unscrewed by hand with pressure inside? What is the Part No. of the 0 - rings required with on the standard (most common) 3° Quick Unions. (1) Otis - (2) Bowen - For the Otis Quick Unions - what does the 5 - 4 refer to? ays- (2)4- PROJECT 3 —LUBRICATOR 1 How many sections of lubricator should be used for each job? Why is there a bleed off valve in the lower section? What is the working pressure of the standard lubricator? Explain the difference between working pressure (W.P.) and test pressure (T.P.). How often should lubricator be tested? Explain “Wire Tracking 1-10BLOW OUT PREVENTERS A Wireline BOP is always* installed between the tree connection and the lower lubricator section. Under normal circumstances it is not actually used but it cannot be installed, only when required, with wire in the hole as the lubricator will contain pressure. Purpose: — to enable well pressure to be isolated without cutting wire by closing the master valve. — to permit assembly of wireline cutter above the BOP rams. — to permit the dropping of a wireline cutter if the toolstring becomes stuck in the well. — to permit “stripping” of the wire through closed rams when absolutely necessary. *When running/pulling an SCSSV or a wireline retrievable BPV the BOP.can be positioned above the first section of lubricator. Alternatively a second BOP can be placed immediately below the stuffing box. This provides a means of isolating the well pressure and recovering the tools if the wire breaks at the rope socket and the tools drop across the Christmas tree valves. Description: — Mechanical or hydraulic force is applied to close the rams which seal against the wire. — Slickline (.092”, .105"/.108") uses blind rams with rubber inserts on the sealing faces to seal with or without wire across the rams. — Braided line (3/16”, 1/4” or conductor cable) uses rams with a semi-circular groove in the seals to match the line diameter. All of the above types of rams have centralisers to ensure that the wire is positioned centrally on the sealing face as the rams close. CAUTION: BOP’s WILL ONLY HOLD PRESSURE FROM ONE DIRECTION Check visually, with the rams open, by looking down past the rams for the keyway slot on the pressure (bottom) side of the body. Any wording on the casting should also be the correct way up. Some brands have an arrow to indicate the top. Types: Ram type BOP"s, as described above, are manufactured by: — Bowen — Hydrolex — Otis An Omsco type is also available with rapid closing “butterfly” type semi-circular rams. However these are no longer in common use. 1-11WIRELINE BLOWOUT PREVENTER Union Hox galing Valve Assy 7 Bey Inner Sea (outer Seal 1-12B.O.P. — RAM DETAIL \ RAM ASSEMBLY Ram Guide Ram Guide Screw | recur some _| Outer Seal Inner Seal Seal ta Sal Se ec 1-2BBLOW OUT PREVENTERS BOP’s are used in the following configurations: SINGLE DUAL MULTIPLE EQUALISING TESTING REMEMBER installed between the tree connection and the lower lubricator as shown, on p 1-4. A diagram of this type of BOP is on p 1-12. Double or twin ram BOP primarily for use with braided line. Usually hydraulic, it is a single casting containing two pairs of rams. Two single BOP's can be used one above the other but this configuration is not as convenient as a one-piece unit. To obtain a seal against braided line a grease injection point is provided between the two sets of rams. for high pressure gas wells a third BOP is advisable. The lowest set of rams are installed upside down so that they will hold pressure from above. Grease injected above these rams will be contained and form an efficient seal. all BOP’s have a means of equalising the pressure below the closed rams with the pressure above. A pressure differential acting on the cross-section of the rams creates a force that makes opening the rams extremely difficult. Attempting to open the rams without equalising may result in damage to the opening mechanism ‘Always check that the equalising assembly is correctly installed — the Allen screw should be on the high pressure side of the rams. ie: downwards. Keep equalising valve closed so that in an emergency the BOP will hold pressure as soon as the rams are closed. If this valve is in the open position it will have to be closed manually before well pressure will be contained. Remember — the BOP is a safety device for use in an emergency and itis the responsibility of the operator to ensure that itis in perfect working order at all times. Alll types of BOP’s should be tested in the workshop on a regular basis to be determined to suit field conditions: With the rams open — pressure to 150% of working pressure. With rams closed — pressure to 100% of working pressure. — totest ram seal against wire diameter a test rod, of the same size as the wire to be used, should be inserted between the rams. The Force created by the pressure acting on the cross-sectional area of the test rod will act to push rod out of the rams. For this reason it is ot recommended to use a locally made device unless it has been subjected to recognised welding certification. ‘To assist in monitoring test trequency the date and test pressure can be recorded on a stainless steel banding strap above the connection. In addition to these tests it is recommended that the BOP be tested against well pressure during each rig-up. 1-14TRANSPORTATION MAINTAINANCE SPECIAL DESIGNS SUMMARY BLOW OUT PREVENTERS — Prior to removing the BOP from the wellhead it is recommended that the rams be closed and the handles be removed. This will prevent accidental bending of the threaded stems and will protect the threads from corrosion. Carried in this manner the BOP is ready for testing during the next rig-up and it is also confirms that the rams will move correctly. — All BOP’s need careful and regular maintainance to ensure they are ready to seal in an emergency. Refer to individual manufacturers instructions. — new hydraulic BOP’s are supplied fitted with ‘gas vented hydraulic cylinders’. A small hole in the adapter cylinder (see diagram) close to the BOP body prevents gas from passing the O-ring seal on the stem. Any gas reaching the hydraulic cylinder can cause the following problems: — gas mixes with hydraulic fluid which can pressurise hose and pump above their rated pressure, — gas can cause the hydraulic fluid to expand and cause the rams to open. TO ATMOSPHERE — remember that a BOP: — will hold pressure from one direction only. — requires regular testing. — should be carefully maintained. — should be transported with the rams closed. 1-15PROJECT 4 — WIRELINE BOP Under what circumstances can the BOP be omitted from the rig-up? What is the bore (I.D.) of the standard 3” wireline valve? Learn how to change the rams and redress the BOP. Describe the procedure to pressure test: (i) In the workshop, with and without wire in rams: (ii) On the wellhead prior to running the toolstring: Can the wire be stripped through a closed BOP? Explain your answer, Why should you not ‘man-handle’ the BOP? (ie: Lift by hand) Give two ways to visually check that the BOP is not installed upside down: i} ri) Describe the difference between blind rams and 3/16 rams: Should the equalising valve be left in the open or closed position? Explain your answer: Should the BOP be transported with the rams open or closed? Explain your answer: What BOP configuration is recommended if using braided line on a high pressure gas well? What is the purpose of the grease injected between the BOP’s when using braided line? 1-16WELLHEADS The following are types of wellheads in common use: ‘Cameron Mc Evoy oct FMC Valves and major components are identified on the Cameron Christmas Tree below: ‘Tree Connection (Crown (Swab) valve ‘Top Bottom Flange Surface Casing Do not overtighten during opening or closing. NEVER USE MASTER VALVE TO SHUT IN FLOWING WELL — Use SWAB or Wing. Count valve turns when closing — as check against jamming toolstring. 1-17WEIGHT DICATOR Damper The MARTIN-DECKER instrument is completely hydraulic. The sensing load cell is attached to the Xmas Tree by a chain as shown on p 1-4: a heavy duty hose carries the signal to. the fluid filled gauge It is provided with connections at the top to attach to the hay pulley and at Scale available in: Ib the bottom to attach to the Xmas Tree ke forming a pull at 90 degrees. The system DaN is calibrated to this right angle pull and accuracy will be slightly affected if this angle is not true. but the sensi- tivity of the system is always main- tained The gauge is a 6° fluid filled instru- ment which can be fastened on the winch. A damper is provided on the gauge to set the pointer motion to the required sensitivity. The fluid filled case eliminates severe vibrations and also lubricates and protects the working parts 3/8" LOAD GAP ' LOAD CELL Check this gap before and during wireline operations. If fluid leaks out and this gap closes reading on gauge will be incorrect. In addition to preventing the overloading of the wireline the weight indicator will also show changes in tension due to (1) fluid levels or changes in fluid density (1) Jar action (m1) Position of downhole equipment A. different Martin Decker Weight Indictator is used for 3/16" line because of the higher pull which can be exerted. The load cell for this instrument has a smaller cross ~ sectional area in the diaphram and is matched to the higher range dial (gauge). The gauge load cell cannot be interchanged Maximum loading — standard = 2000 Ib (888 DaN) = 3116 Unit = 4000 Ib (1777 DaN) do not crush or cut hose. CAUTIO! Electronic Strain gauges are available as alternate types of weight indicators but are not in such common use as the above hydraulic type. 1-18HAY PULLEY, WIRELINE CLAMP HAY PULLEY: Used to bring the wireline down from the stuffing box, parallel to the lubricator (to reduce side loading). forming a 90° angle at the base. to the horizontal position from there to the wireline winch drum It is hooked directly onto the eye in the weight indicator sensor. Always install with locking pin up ~ to prevent the pin vibrating down and unlocking hay pulley if pin spring is weak. OTIS WIRELINE CLAMP. Used to clamp the wire to the lubricator while raising or lowering it. Or during operations when the wireline string is left in the well The clamp is usually fastened-to a bleed - off valve located on the lowermost lubricator section by means of a short chain. Take care not to kink wire at any point during the rig - up as this will cause a weak point which may break or stick in the stuffing box. PUSH HERE TO RELEASE |_—-ncune CLAMPING —_ i (o5 WIRELINE CLAMP. 1-19RIGGING UP The lubricator. stuffing box. wireline. and wireline toolstring is assembled and positioned in the lubricator. With the pressure released from the wellhead the proper wellhead connection is installed on the wellhead. The box end of a quick union on the top end fits the pin end of the union on the bottom of the wire- line valve, which has been previously described The wireline valve is installed onto the wellhead connections. using the rope falls and ginpole, crane or other hoisting means to hoist the valve. Do not man-handle. The union is made up to the union on the wellhead connection. the rams closed and the closed valve on the wellhead opened allowing full well pressure to be applied to the wireline valve rams and connections. If no leaks appear the wellhead valve is closed, the pressure released and the rams opened. The lubricator assembly is now raised to a point level with the union on the top of the wireline valve. the hoisting device secured, the wireline placed into the hay pulley and the slack in the wireline taken up on the wireline unit. The clamp holding the wireline tool string suspended in the lubricator can now be removed, allowing the tool string to be lowered out of the lubricator. controlled by the wire- line unit, to a point convenient for attaching the required service tool. With this tool attached and the odometer of the measuring head set on zero feet. the tools are pulled back up into the lubricator and the assembly installed on to the wireline valve Note : Reset counter to zero with bottom of wireline tools level with one of the following reference points — as per the well schematic. (1) TH. — tubing hangar (2) TBF — top of bottom flange (3) RT or DF — rotary table or drill floor (if rig is in position) SAFETY Injury can occur easily through the use of unsafe practices, lack of concen- tration and common sense MAINTAIN EQUIPMENT IN SAFE CONDITION. MAKE SAFE WORK PRACTICES YOUR HABIT BE AWARE OF DANGEROUS SITUATIONS. PROTECT YOUR COLLEAGUES. OBSERVE HS PRECAUTIONS WHEN NECESSARY. To lose a finger, a hand, a leg. your sight etc, is a painful experience. Concentrate while you work and you will remain healthy and able to care and provide for your familyPROJECT 5- WEIGHT INDICATOR What is the maximum full scale deflection on the standard weight indicators? What is the most important thing to check before and during use of the weight indicator? If needle appears sluggish to respond to weight changes what 2 things should the operator check? @ a What should be done on the dial before picking up any weight across load cell? When flushing / recharging with the recommended Martin Decker W- 15 fluid what precautions should be taken? PROJECT 6 -RIG UP Personnel should be familiar with the rig - up procedure. List all items required for normal rig up. w a am) av) i) «wy (wn) (vn ax) What size of rope is used for the rope falls? Lear to tie clove hitch knot. taiSECTION 2—WELL COMPLETIONS/WIRELINE UNITS The Well 2-2 Tubing 2-5 Wireline oa @ Braided line 2-0 Wireline Counter 2-12 Wireline Units 2-14 H,S Safety PROJECTS Project 7 Completions 26 Project 8 Wireline 2-1 Project 9 Wireline Counter 2-13 Project 10 Wireline Units 2-23 Project 11 H,STHE WELL A basic understanding of the sub-surface design and components is essential to all wireline operators This will better enable you to “visualise” what your tools are doing downhole The following diagrams are intended to give you (1) A very simplified explanation of how a well is completed in) A very basic idea of how a well might look if you could see it both below and above the surface. (in) An idea of some of the components which make up a well Basically. the hole is drilled through the earth to a depth just below the area or strata where the oil ‘or gas is trapped. This area is called the formation and is usually a layer of sand. shale or rock which contains the gas or oil. The thickness of the formation can vary from a few feet to several hundred feet and can be anywhere from a few hundred feet to several thousand feet below the surface of the earth In the drilling process. the hole is lined or cased with large diameter pipe which is logically called casing. The casing is cemented in piace by pumping cement into the space between the outside of the casing and the inside of the hole which has been drilled in the earth This cementing process seals off the face of the formation and prevents the formation content from escaping and entering other porous formations which might have been drilled through. FORMATIONTHE WELL ELECTRICAL CONDUCTOR CABLE To allow the formation content (oil and/or gas) to enter the well bore (1.D. of the casing), a perforating gun is lowered into the casing on an electrical con- ductor cable. Alternatively tubing conveyed per- forating systems permit the running of the per- forating explosives with the tubing. The perforating gun is suspended inside the casing at a point opposite the face of the formation and is fired electrically from the surface. Or with a ‘drop bar’ if tubing con- veyed system is utilized. When the perforating gun is fired, it shoots holes through the casing, through the cement and into the formation (oil bearing sand, shale or rock). This provides channels through which the oil and gas will later enter the casing. These chan- nels or holes made by the perforator are called pr forations, PERFORATING “GUN" FIRINGSELECTIVE LANDING SLIDING SIDE DOOR WELL COMPLETION To continue with the completion of the well the tubing and packer are now installed The tubing is simply a smaller diameter pipe which is lowered inside the casing to a depth somewhere [LF above the perforations. Attached to the lower end of the tubing, we see the packer. The packer caries one or more sets of slips (teeth) and one or more rubber seal elements which remain retracted until it is lowered into the casing to the depth at which it is to be set. Once the tubing and packer are at the desired depth. the slips and the rubber seal elements on the packer are acti- vated. usually either by rotating the tubing or by applying hydraulic pressure through the tubing bore. This causes the slips on the packer to expand and bite into the casing and also causes the rubber seal_ele- ments of the packer to expand and seal off against. the intemal diameter of the casing The packer is now firmly anchored in place and sealed off in the casing. The gas and oil entering the casing through the _perfo- rations will flow up to the packer. where it’ must now enter the tubing and flow to the surface The tubing - casing annulus is the space between the outside diameter of the tubing and the inside diameter of the casing above the packer. It is usually filled with a fluid, such as water, mud, or diesel. This fluid usually contains a corrosion inhibitor which protects the tubing and casing from corrosion. The hydrostatic pressure (weight) of the fluid tends to help hold the packer in place and also. provides a means of “killing the well, when necessary. by admitting the annular fluid into the tubing string PERFORATIONSAs it is always the tubing in which wireline operations are carried out it is necessary for the wireline Operator to know more about the tubing, SIZE — - OD= the outside diameter of the pipe =ID = the internal diameter of the pipe ~ Nominal = approximate I.D. rounded up to the nearest full size GRADE - Indicates the “strength” and type of steel used to make the tubing It is specified by a letter followed by a number eg: H-40.J-55.C-75 L-80,N-80.P- 105 the lower the number the “softer “ the steel. This number is the tensile strength in 1000 Ibs per sq. in. i.e. : N -80 with a cross sectional area of | sq. in will take a load of 80,000 Ibs. Weight per foot — determines the thickness of the tubing Drift - is the “quality control” I.D. which a bar of steel 32°" long and machined to the O.D. of the drift size will pass without hanging up in the tubing. ALL tubing and components run in the well MUST be drifted. For practical purposes the drifts used on the rigs are shorter than 32” (Wireline Drift is determined by nipple bore size — refer to chart below) Threads - EU =Extemal Upset has collar on outside and internal recess ~NU =Non Upset but otherwise same as EU. ~Vam = Premium type thread seal with collar. No intemal recess ~Hydril CS =No collar. Metal to metal 3 point seal. No internal recess. The following tables shows common tubing sizes. | Nominal we | OD LD. DRILLING | WIRELINE size ft I DRIFT DRIFT | 2-318" 47 | 2375 1.995" rg | 875" | 2-718" 65 2875 | 2.441" 2.347" 2313" | 3-112" 93 35° | 2.992" 2.867" 2.750" | | acura | i275 45° 3.958" 3.883" 383" | Sats2" 15.5 5.5" 4.919" 4.825" 4.750"PROJECT 7 -COMPLETIONS Why is casing run in a well? How is casing attached to the formation? Why is tubing run inside the casing? What is the purpose of a single packer? What is the purpose of two packers in one well? Explain why the casing must be perforated Explain “drift” as used by drilling Fill out the tubing ID and wireline drift for the following sizes of tubes LD. Wire Drift GQ) 2-318" (uy 2-718" Quy 3-112" av) 4-1/2"WIRELINE Wireline may be referred to by a number of names. Solid single strand line may be described as Slick line Piano wire Solid line Wireline Measuring line Multistrand wirelines are usually described as braided line (3/ 16'° most common). As well depths have increased over the years since the first measuring lines were brought into use. accompanied by increased working loads. it has become zcessary to develop wireline having a high strength / weight ratio. There is a need for strength to accomplish the operation without the wire breaking, and a need to keep the diameter of the wire as small as possible for the following reasons: (a) It reduces the load of is own weight (b) It can be run over smaller diameter sheaves, and wound on smaller diameter spools or reels without overstressing by bending. (c) It keeps the ree! drum size to a minimum 4d) It provides a small cross~section area for operation under pressure. The sizes of solid wireline in most common use are: 0.092 in and 0.108 in diameter, and are obtainable from the drawing mills in one-piece standard lengths of 10000, 12000, 15000, 18000, 20000 and 25000 ft The most popular material for wireline is improved plow steel (I.P.S.), because of its high ultimate tensile strength, good ductility, and relatively low cost. Experience indicates that improved plow steel usually performs better than the more expensive special steel lines, even in corrosive conditions — although then it must be used with an appropriate inhibitor(Servo CK352 or CK356). For “Sweet Wells” IPS can be used with inhibitor for high loads and long service. For “Sour Wells” IPS can be used with inhibitor for high loads and short operating time. When selecting or operating with wireline. various factors, such as the following. have to be considered Physical properties Total stress Resistance to corrosion Care and handling Effect of bending Due to the HS content of many wells special materials such as 0.092” NITRONIC-0 manufactured by Briden Wire, or stainless steels are used. Although these are not as strong as I.P.S. they have an excellent resistance to H,S corrosion.WIRELINE The bending stresses that the line is subjected to are the most common cause of breaking but are generally the least considered. Bending accurs whenever a line deviates from a straight line condition, such as when it passes over pulleys or reel drum, or when it is flexed by hand It is necessary 10 employ specific mechanical equipment, such as the reel drum, hay pulley, stuffing box pulley and measuring wheel, when carrying out wireline operations. Each time the line passes over a pulley it is subjected to two bending stresses — when it changes from a straight to a curved path and again when it reverts to a straight path. It is subject to only one when it leaves the reel drum. So, for each trip in and out of the well, the line probably suffers a minimum of fourteen bending cycles. Stuffing Box WIRELINE BENDID Reel It is a good work practice to cut and discard 50m of wireline each time a new knot is made. NOTE: 6 “bedding” wraps of carefully aligned wire are recommended to provide firm base and give indication of wire low level. The following table shows the relative strengths of I.P.S. (Improved Plough Steel) wire and H,S resistant alloy wirelines: VATERIAL | DIAMETER [BREAKING | RECOMMENDED —] W171000M | CHARACTERISTICS STRENGTH | MAX LOAD Dante i | dan tis | (APPROX | DN te | TFS Go| eee se | 300 sa Ror nonccovomne wel L 108 | 9372109 | 00 1w00_| Sis 93 Relatively cheap, Naren oon es 1450] 3006S) 3314 Good in HS & Chiondes up | | | _BO"F. Mowe sense fo a0 a | | er compe han saint 188-2 | Tees ao een aso ed 0 [Coo rsance 1 HS |Suines | ote | fea_ttao | eats | ate | [Sm 30 lis [908 [gaat [aap 0 Ses goad aaa HS | oie | te __ io | tase | aoeWIRELINE Fault and cause Result Correction Damage to reels: bending of flanges. Wire snagging during distortion of barrel unwinging Caused by dropping Use slings when handling reels or use ramps Do not | dr00 Corrosion in store: Carbon steel wires oiled, | Under worst conditions but if stored uncovered, —_| there will be pitting of the corrosion will develop at__| surface and local reduction varying rates depending —_| in strength upon climate Alloy steels are for use Slight damage at this stage under corrosive conditions, | — scarcely visible — may but they are not completely | increase the risk of alloy immune and where there | wire corrosion in service. are wind blown salts slight damage may occur. Alltypes of wire. store reels upnght (on edge! on level solid base in dry covered conditions. # permanent store is not avaiable, | support reels off the ground | under waterproof cover The latter should be kept out of contact with the wire and fastened down just clear of the ground to allow air to circulate and minimise condensation Corrosion in service There are inevitable hazards | There may be development of well conaitions and of surtace pitting. At worse environment there may be stress: corrosion or hydrogen embrittiement causing bite failure ‘When rewinding wire, wipe off well contamination If carbon steel wire reels are be put back into store, re-oll the wire during rewind Do not leave any wireline down-hole during shutdown Wire winding practice Wire damage may be caused at various stages in winding on to service reel from supply reel or in rewind during use. To ensure good spooling, it is recommended that an intermediate capstan is used between the supply reel and wireline unit drum to develop a high line tension without nisk of cutting down. Practices are followed in the running of wirelines that have to strike a balance between operational To the user some of the possibilities listed here may seem are given so that if any should occur their significance wail 1) Uneven winding Variable tension and/or = Wire pulls down between. poor control of wire adjacent turns, preventing traversing the barrel free running, causing snags and possibly wire breaks convenience and wire lite unlikely to happen, but they jot be ignored Maintain a regular traverse of the wire across the full width of the barrel to give uniform build up of layers, Coarse pitch and tension in wind on to reel will minimise isk of wire pulling down (but see 5 overleaf)WIRELINE | Fault and cause | Resutt | Correction 2) Loops. bends | | Insufficient braking on | Over-running with isk of | Whatever the method used supply ree! snaris forming in looped tokeep the wire under |wite Evenif the snariis | tension auring winding, 2 straghtened out by hand | brake on the supply reel is there can bea significant | desirable so that too much reduction in strength slack wire does not appear | Over-run wire may be between two reels, 3 Wire abrasion Rubbing on ground caused by slack wire Rubbing on reel side, caused by incorrect traversing 4) ‘Wild ware Caused by slack winding or by reversing the natural curvature of the wire 5) Wire indentation Caused by ‘cross-cutting between adjacent ayers, of wire 6} Friction on pulleys: Possible dunng jarning 7) Fatigue cracks Caused by repeated bending under high stress pulled over a reel flange Sndbe sherpiveent | | Reduction in wire strength | Keep tension and always | | 88 a result of loss of wind from ‘top’ to ‘top’ of | sectional area of steel reels Inservice. rewind an top of reel i | Reduction n sectional area, | Angle of wire during traverse and total traverse must be controlled Wire may be difficult to Always wind wire in the | control and lead to tangles | direction of its natural | and snagging | curvature. Never wind from | | the top ofonereeltothe | underside of the other | Reduction in strength Avoid excessive tension in winding and excessive jamng when operating down-hoie tools Embnittlement of wire Avoid excessive jarnng) | surface Cutting back the wire between uses minimises j the chanice of cumulative damage Shock loads can produce | high surges out of all proportion to the assumed loads on the wire and may | cause failure Wire failure, particularly f | Ratio of pulley and wire other factors noted.above, | diameters should preferably are contributing be 120:1, to reduce the significance of bending stresses. 2-10BRAIDED LINE The use of multistrand wireline for “heavy” fishing jobs has become more popular over the last few years. Because of the forces involved, a well is sometimes killed before the fishing job is attempted. The most common size of wire used in 3/16 in, with occassional use of 1/4". The conventional 3/16 in cable comprises 16 (9 + 6 + 1) strands. The core and the right -lay inner wires are thinner than the left-lay outer wires. By using right and left lay the owisting tendency of the wire under load is prevented. 0.04 in Max breaking — $062 Ib (2250 DaN) for LPS. Working load — 4000 Ib (1778 DaN) for I.PS. 3/16 in CABLE 0.03 in A few years ago a British Ropes subsidiary introduced Dyform cable. Around the single centre core are nine thinner right-lay wires, the outer wires are also right-lay, but thicker. The finished cable is pulled through a die, and by doing this the following improvements are made. — 20% increase in breaking load, because there is more steel in the same diameter — Smooth external periphery and closer tolerance of outside diameter, reducing leakage at the stuffing box — Higher crush resistance because of the increased steel content of the cable Low twist tendency because of the Dyform process. Max breaking — 6300 Ib (2800 DaN) Working load — 4800 Ib (2133 DaN) 7 z 3/16 in 3/16 in DYFORM CABLE 0.05 in CAUTION: Never carry out gas cutting, or welding operations near spools of wireline. Heat or metal spray coming in contact with the wire could significantly change the condition of the steel and cause early failure in use. Never electric arc weld on a wireline unit with wire spooled on the drum. Serious weakening of the wireline will occur. 2-uSTANDARD WIRELINE COUNTER ‘The wireline counter is an essential component which accurately displays the depth of the wire- line tools as they are run into the well. They are available to read metres or feet. The most common design (refer page 2 — 13 for details) is the standard counter-head. Pressure Wheel Counter Wheel For use with solid wireline (Slickline) the wire is wrapped once around the counter, For use with braided line, wire passes straight and is held by one pressure wheel only. For Braided line the following design is most common. A weight indicator is often incorporated to measure the deflection force on the middle sheave. Weight Indicator Cell Pivot Pressure Wheels ‘ 32-12WIRELINE COUNTERHEAD This design, in its various forms, is the most commonly used counter for solid wireline operations. Before use check the following: = Counter wheel is free to rotate = Rotation is being transmitted freely to the odometer. — Direction of rotation is correct. — Cable is not kinked — Odometer is fully re-engaged after zeroing. @ It is essential that counter wheel matches the line diameter in use. An wheel of the incorrect diameter, or a worn wheel, will give an unacceptable accumulated error, 7 SERRE TOT BOP especially in deep wells. Soe a eee Counter wheel diameters: Seg NE Ese eEee eet eo peres eee eS Ee Ce a + | 7"Nominal for: 0.082/0.092 line | Soars wi ts oe se SS SST 16” Nominal for: 0.105/0.108/0.125 ane omcenouTee | & braided line a REPSTEEL-+ 3 WOOORUWIRELINE UNIT ‘The wireline winch is your single most important piece of equipment. Its relia- bility can be extended by making basic checks of oil and diesel levels etc. a habit EACH TIME YOU RIG UP. BEFORE STARTING CHECK THE FOLLOWING POINTS DAILY Engine ~ Oil Level ~ Water Level - Fan belt (condition and tension) - Battery fluid level. ~ DIESEL — Check Emergency Shut Down not tripped. POWER PACK ~ Hydraulic Oil Level (should be above 1 / 2 full) REEL PACK ~ Ensure gear in neutral ~ Handbrake ON ~ Check drive chain tension - adjust as necessary. Observe routine maintainance schedules which will prolong the life of your equipment and minimize breakdowns on location. Maintenance is based on the following guidelines : 50 hours ~ Change engine oil clean or change filters (oil, fuel, air) 150 hours ~ Grease and adjust drive chain ~ Grease hydraulic motor bearing ~ Grease drum and drive shaft bearings. 500 hours ~ Change hydraulic oil and filters. You should know how to do basic maintenance and solve minor engine faults Everyone should be able to bleed diesel to the injectors in the “unlikely” event that the unit runs out of fuel or has an airlock. 2-14HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT A. — Refer to Hydraulic Circuit Diagram p 1-36 To follow the path of the hydraulic oil through the circuit start at the hydra oil tank in the lower left comer. w) (a) an) NOTE: ayy ™) Oil is gravity fed to the hydraulic pump. The pump is a positive displacement vane type connected directly to the output shaft of the diese! engine. From the pump. oil is fed through the high pressure hose to the Reel Unit (R2V Relief Valve will dump pressure in excess of 1500 psi back to retum line). R2V Relief Valve on Reel Unit is set to maximum (1500 psi) but can be manually overridden by hydraulic bypass valve on control panel THIS CONTROL DETERMINES PRESSURE AVAILABLE AT THE MOTOR i.e: FORCE ON THE WIRELINE. Main supply of oil is fed to the 4.way valve which determines the direction of oil flow through the remainder of the circuit. On Low Pressure Retum a) (uy (in) CAUTION Returning oil passes through an oil cooler. From the cooler it passes through a micro filter — 3/4" Choke on filter bypass ensure a portion of the oil constantly flows through filter. Oil retums to tank, If hydraulic oil level is permitted to drop insufficient retention time will elapse prior to oil recirculating. This may result in trapped air bubbles circulating through system. This will cause cavitation (noise) in the system and will result in immediate loss of power. If not rectified immediately damage can occur to expensive hyaraulic components. 2-15TYPICAL HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT HG suction HEREEIRE ticttpnesoune GER Low prcssune RELIEF VALVE (1500, CONTROL PANEL t LEVER FOSIHIONS MANUAL. PRESSURE ‘ADJUSTMENT 2-16RUNNING IN USING HYDRAULICS ae LINN 1438 | (om) MOVd HAMOd | a le Caen ori c= fi (isd 0031) S| Gal ] ovo oe i a i a I ie a a aia a) Nsnusnray a SuNss24s-| “yaNvil 6 § {SuaSt} FENWd TOWLNOS as asso aT ors TT 2207RUNNING IN RUNNING I Ising Hydraulics to control speed Refer to diagram on p. 1-37 Set controls on panel as follows 1 Put 4-way valve in NEUTRAL (centre position) Put 2-way valve in SHUT position (towards Operator) Engage top gear Fs Release Brake Ease 2-way valve towards OPEN position {away from Operator) to control drum speed Explanation of Qil Flow a i) im) The weight of the toolstring rotates the motor (now acting as a “pump” } Oil is drawn through check valve “C: Oil can also be drawn through 4-way valve which is open to all ports. (Oil will automatically be drawn from the line of least resistance), Oil output rate is controlled by the 2 -way valve which directly controls drum speed In SHUT position (towards operator) no oil can pass. so drum is stationary In OPEN position (away from operator) full oil flow, so drum will rotate freely. SPEED jis controlled by varying the volume of oil permitted to pass through the 2 - way valve. 2-18PULLING OUT PULLING QUT Refer to diagram on p I - 40. Set controls on panel as follows |. Back out Relief Valve “A’ 2. Pull both control levers back towards operator. 3. Engage required gear (1 - 2 - 3) 4. Screw Relief Valve “A” IN until pressure just begins to register on panel hydraulic pressure gauge. 5. Release brake and adjust hydraulic pressure to control line force. Explanation of Oil Flow a) a au) avy) When relief Valve “A” is backed out all oil from power pack is by- passed to return line. As relief valve “A” is screwed in oil is forced through the 4- way valve 4-way valve position (towards operator) directs oil through the check valve. through the motor, back through 4-way valve to return line. In SHUT position (towards operator) 2-way valve forces all of the oil through motor As this valve is opened oil bypasses motor (thus slowing drum speed) and retuns to the tanks 2-19PULLING OUT i GEE sucrmn CONTROL PANEL (15¥ BW Cy aaa ] BR 1 Pressure : _ MANUAL HEE ow encssune | O OT iovstient GH.COOLER, Fiucn) neuer 100) HYDRAULIC oO TANK HIYORAULIC PUMP. away VOLE IESE ENGINE ' ! | ' {POWER PACK 2-20ARRING DOWN eT LIND 7338 | i ' Ns a {SNUG | TEINVd TOHLNOO anions |, 738310, dvd NWHGAH, (sous ATA aay SYNSSIUd MOT aaa aunsssts Ho TT vous iJARRING DOW NING IN - USING ENGINE e.g. FOR JARRING DOWN Refer to Diagram on p | - 41 Set control on panel as follows 1, Engage required gear. 2. Push 4-way valve forward (away from operator) 3. Push 4-way valve forward while releasing the brake ‘ote : Relief Valve must be adjusted to provide desired force speed) Explanation of Oil Flow “) 4-way valve directs oil flow to rotate motor in reverse direction ay Check valves prevent retum of oil to tank lin) Exhaust from motor is controlled by 2-way valve which thus controls drum speed CAUTION : Excessive speed in downward direction can cause wire to unspool off drum faster than gravity will cause _—_tools to fall. or jars to close OBSERVE HAY PULLEY CAREFULLY WHILE JARRING DOWN, GEARBOX PATTERN: 1 R towards operator 3 2 a) Engage Gears slowly — nudging hydraulic controls if necessary to mesh gears. ay Keep all braking / jarring movements smooth to avoid shock loading wire (ny While pulling out reduce hydraulic pressure frequently to avoid overpull if tools hang up. NOTE: This gear pattern may vary with each type of unit 2-2PROJECT 10 -WIRELINE UNIT List the DAILY pre - start check points. ) aw (an) fay) (v) cw) If the diesel engine will not start, what 2 things should you check first? « (un) How many forward gears does the wireline unit have? If the engine runs out of diesel what must you do to re —start? What is the purpose of the “4 — way valve” in the hydraulic circuit? What is the purpose of the "2 - way valve” in the hydraulic circuit? 2-23H,S EMERGENCY TREATMENT PUT ON BREATHING APPARATUS BEFORE ENTERING DANGER AREA TO RESCUE 4 VICTIM OF HS Move the victim to fresh air at once. H,S is heavier than air so will be thicker at ground level. 4. If victim is not breathing, start antficial respiration and keep it up until he starts breathing or until a doctor arrives. 5: H,S in strong concentrations can kill your sense of smell instantly so your nose is not an adequate warning device. 6. Summon medical help. 7. If available, use a resuscitator. 8. Use your H 3 S monitors. 9. TOXICITY TABLE ppm % 1.0001 Can smell. 10.001 Allowable exposure - 8 hours. Danger Level wenn ne 100 Ol Kills smell in 3 - 15 minutes bums eyes and throat. 500 05 Loses sense of reasoning and balance, Respiratory disturbances in 2 - 15 minutes. 700 07 Becomes unconcious quickly. 1000 1 Unconscious at once. Permanent brain damage may result. POISON GAS Wear your breathing apparatus 2-24PROJECT 11 — H,S SAFETY From class discussion, manual and audio-visual presentation answer the following ques- tions:- 1. What does HS smell like? Should you move an unconscious work mate to fresh air BEFORE or AFTER putting on your breathing apparatus? 3. Explain your answer to Question 2. 4. — Is HS visible? 5. Will your nose always provide adequate warning of the presence of H,S gas? 6. Why is a gas detector necessary when working in potential H,S areas. 7. Is HS heavier or lighter than air? 8. Would it be wise to jump into the cellar if H2S is detected? 2-25SECTION 3 - TOOLSTRING Toolstring Rope Sockets Wireline Knot 3116 Rope Socket Stem Lead - filled Stem Mechanical Sars Hydraulic Jars Quick Lock Couplings Knuckle Joints Toolstring Preparation Fishing Neck Sizes Gauge Cutters Wire Scratcher Blind Box Impression Block (L.1.B.) Swage Tubing End Locator Otis Part No. System PROJECTS Project 12 - Toolstring Service Tools Project 13TOOL STRING COMPONENTS /2" and 1-7 The basic toolstring is shown below, and is used most commonly in 1- diameters, |——— Rope Socket TOOL STRING THREADS | Saco | Eisieceaienemsascemeeeeo | Dimensions Name 15116" x 10tpi| 5/8 Sucker | cant Rod Thread 1 31 4 Sucker a 10 16 * 11 Rod Thread | Mechanical Jar }——— Kauekle Joint (Optional) CeceROPE SOCKETS 3 Types in most common use: (1) 0.092 regular knot type (1) 0.092 no - knot type (tear drop) (au) 3/16 braided (1) 0.092 regular knot type. The wire must first be run through the stuffing box. Then pass the end of the wire through the wireline socket body, spring and spring support. Place the disc in a vice and run the wire down between the jaws, behind the disc, and then bend the end of the wire into a loop, or similar shape, that will be comfortable to the grip. Hold the wire about five inches above the disc by wrapping wire around the left forearm and gripping wire with gloved left hand. The disc should contact the wire approximately ten or twelve inches from the loop. Now, holding the wire taut, start bending the wire about the disc. The wire should go around the disc once, then be wrapped around itself, making sure there is 2 minimum of slack in the wire when starting to wrap. These wraps should be made smooth and even and should hug the wire closely, with the coils touching one another (B). Continue wrapping in this manner until about nine or ten coils are made. Now move: the wire in the direction shown in order to twist off the free end (C). Be: careful to keep the loop pointed in the same direction or slightly twisted during this part of the operation so that the torque is focused on the end of the last coil. The wire should twist off cleanly. presenting a neater appearance, and should be a far better job than could be accomplished with a file or other tools (D) Place the disc crosswise in the vice or pliers and straighten the knot as well as possible, Now, using the wire, pull the knot into the socket and check to see that the socket swivels freely. The socket is now ready to be attached to the upper end of a stem.ROPE SOCKETS — Sometimes known as tear drop type because of (0 0,092/0.105/0.108 no-knot type __THIMALE EVE FISHING NECK A omis TPE shape of thimble. FISHING NECK USE KNUCKLE JOINT AS SWIVEL BELOW THIS TYPE OF ROPE SOCKET 800 THIMBLE NOTE Unlike the disc in the knot type rope socket, the groove in the thimble of these sockets is not deep enough to accommodate the total thickness of the wire- line. As the security of the wireline depends upon its being pinched” between thimble and body, care must be taken to ensure the correct size of socket is selected for the wireline in use B ALTERNATIVE TEARDROP’ TYPE3/16 ROPE SOCKET (in) 3/16 Slip-type braided line socket. Manufactured by Bowen, this design is available for braided line up to 5/16" diameter. ALTERNATIVE s00¥ PATH OF sues ‘ WIRELINE 8 \ | Mie, : LOWER SUB CARRIAGE I SLPS / SET SCREW FISHING NECK ‘There are two types of slip, the overload release type and the plain. The overload type (A) is designed to cause the line to break under severe loading ata specific percentage of the full strength of the line. Five breaking strength slips are available, for 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% and 90°% of line strength. The plain type (B) is designed much the same as the overload type, except that it does not have the overload release feature. Experience indicates that the line will usually break near the top end of these slips at approximately 90°% of the breaking strength of the line Always use a knuckle joint between this rope socket and the stem to provide swivel action, Toolstrings tend to twist as you run in the hole and if a knuckle joint is not used this rotation is transfered to the wire, causing addi- tional strainSTEM Sometimes refered to as “sinker-bar’ stem provides weight to the toolstring to enable the wire to run into the well against well pressure and stuffing box friction A “rule of thumb” to determine the weight of solid steel stem is Stem O.D2 x 8/3 = Wt (Ib) per foot Increasing stem weight increases impact force delivered by jars. However do not “overweight” toolstrings as excessive mass dampens feel” and premature shearing of pins can occur. Flats for wrenches are provided and should be used. NEVER grip on fishing neck or this will damage the sharp edge. |All connections should be clean and dry. DO NOT LUBRICATE TOOLSTRING THREADS ~ they will unscrew downhole during extended jarring. Following chart gives details of common Otis stem. FSH part |om. | Tareao | seck | vow | wax NUMBER] SIZE CONN. op [reach | op lice | wt wer |r uz 151610 tas [i [iso] 2 tou, apar fi ur S160 ra] orae forse} x ou ape [yur isn6i0 vars |e | oiso | s sea a fiw | taneo Pe ee 6 soa iow | 170] cae | ras | 3 wm sages 16-10 co] ra fose] s os ue aser | soe 316.10 vars | ovae | iat | s on Also available in 1:4" & 2” sizesLEAD - FILLED STEM To provide greater weight for the same diameter and length Otis manu- facture “lead - filled stem” This stem has regular steel pin and box and a tubular steel outer barrel. The inside is filled with lead to provide maximum density. This stem is used primarily to run flowing pressure surveys to obtain maximum weight and minimum cross - sectional area to protect against “floating” or being blown up the hole by pressure surges. Other high density, heavy weight stem which is available includes tungsten, uranium and mallory filled (mercury alloy) DO_NOT USE LEAD -FILLED STEM FOR JARRING as lead will tend to creep downwards and split outer barrel Following chart shows Otis lead-filled stem part numbers: | 4SA017] reue| 1S/16-10} 1.3757 S| 26 1b) 41 Ib. | j | 44a018] 1 -778"1- 1416-10) 1.750" | 3 20.5 Ib] 33 Ib, 44a019]/ 1-7/8" [1-11 16-10} 1.750 | 6° | 39.5 1b] 57 1b. | |Hous = / seen) les MECHANICAL JARS Jars are a vital component in every toolstring. (except when running pressure surveys on wireline) It is essential that the operator can recognise the precise opening and closing point of the jars on the Martin Decker weight indicator The force required downhole to manipulate tools and shear pins is generated by the impact of the jars. If the jars are not being operated correctly or if jar action is lost then very little force can be exerted on the tools: From the formula, F = ma (Force = Mass x Acceleration) it can be si that the impact force can be increased by increasing (1) Stem weight (Mass) (1) Speed at impact ( Acceleration) Stem weight is fixed after the tools are run in the well but speed can be varied Jar down action is limited to maximum speed that gravity will close jars In highly deviated wells and wells with thick viscous fluid downwards jarring may be severely restricted Jar_up_action is_more effective (with the same stem weight) as speed can be increased by increasing spooling speed at the wireline unit and by the use of long stroke jars \CAUTION - prone to soring in large bore wells) (Hence it will be observed that shear up tools have larger shear pins) Following chart shows jars (with the Otis part No) Part No 0.0. T Connection Fish Neck | Closed Length | Stroke | 44A012 beat I5M6-10 | L187 | 38 | 20 \ [ aaao2 1112 | 156-10 | 1375 | 38 20 | 44404 be 112 IS 116 - 10 1.373 48 [30° | | 44403 1.718 | 1196-10 1750 | 38-118" | 20 | 44A05 LTh8 | retri6-10 | 1750 38-118" | 30HYDRAULIC JARS Hydraulic jars, manufactured by Bowen and Otis. are placed between the stem and mechanical jars in the toolstring when extra jar up action is required or anti- cipated. This is especially important when conventional jar up action is dif- ficult because of deviation or high viscosity well fluid Sizes : Available in | - 1 /401- 1201-3747 ALWAYS INCLUDE MECHANICAL JARS - provide downward jar action t0 shear off if necessary. (run with shear down tool). Hydraulic Oil - Jar Lube T.S. 190 or 10 W 30 Oil viscosity may be varied to suit downhole temperatures, Jars should operate after approx. 30 sec. of pull NEVER PLACE HYDRAULIC JARS BELOW MECHANICAL JARS - if hydraulic jars become “gassed up” (especially in H.P gas) they will act as @ shock absorber. In their correct position mechanical jars can still be used to shear downwards to release tool Qperation - refer to p 3-10 A Upward pull on wire compresses oil. Slow. controlled leakage past piston Permits jars to open slowly. Energy stored in “stretched” wire B Piston reaches increased I.D. - no further resistance as oil rapidly bypasses piston. c Upward Impact as piston strikes top of cylinder. D Jars close under stem weight as check valve in piston permits easy fluid by-pass NOTE: Balance piston (green) to compensate for volume loss as piston shaft moves out CAUTION ALWAYS CLOSE JARS as toolstring is lowered from lubricator BEFORE LAYING TOOLS DOWN Failure to do so may result in :~ (1) Bent / Cracked piston shaft (2) Piston shaft* exposed to corrosion / damage *This surface is hard chromed to ensure seal against O - Rings. Any pitting will impair operation of jars.HYDRAULIC JARS A B c D Line tension begi When fluid by-pass Upward Impact Resetting — stem weigh: to open jars against area increases causes oil to pass oil resistance: piston moves upward check valve to return RAPIDLY to upper cylinder A ih Top Sub Piston Seale Caliner Piston Rod a Check Valve Balance PistonFishing Neck —— Roll pin Jar Rod. Fluid Bypass holes Main Housing (against top of Main Housing) Trip Keys DETAIL Fem Dise Springs (Belleville Type) Spring Rod Trip Housing Trip Bushing Cocking Spring Fluid Bypass Holes Bushing Nut Boitom Sub i | 1 J Limiter Fi Grub screw SPRING JARS Line tension being increased [similar to initial, static position] Released — Jar Rod accelerating upwards Release Settings (ibs) Calibration Key 3-11 About to release. — trip keys about to retract Resetting — Weight of sterm compressir “cocking spring”.KNUCKLE JOINTS Knuckle Joints are used to add flexibility to the toolstring especially in deviated holes. They are usually positioned immediately below the mechanical jars. However. if additional flexibility is required a further knuckle joint can be included between stem and jars Knuckle joints should be used when necessary If a 3/16" or “teardrop” type rope socket is used a- knuckle joint should be installed between rope socket and stem to act as a swivel Following chart shows Knuckle joints (with Otis part Nos) Part No. oD | Fish Neck Thread Length 4spoe | 1-114 1187] 1s4t6-10 | 10-378" 45B02 1-112 1.375, 151 16-10 1-7/8" 45B03 1-718 1.750 1-1/16-10 t-1/2" 3-12TOOLSTRING PREPARATIO Before assembling a toolstring the following checks should be carried out (a) Inspect the rope socket for burrs around the wire hole which could damage the wire (b) Inspect all box and pin threads for damage (c) Inspect fishing neck profiles for burrs and wrench damage (d)___ Inspect mechanical jars for buckling, bending. bowing. and check for smooth operation (e) Check hydraulic jars for leaks and correct operation (f) Check integrity of roll pins in knuckle joints, and freedom of movement of ball in socket. Rectify any faults found, before assembling the string. While it is inconceivable that wireline tools and equipment could be used without sustaining some’ wear and/or damage, it is inexcusable to camy on using them in a badly worn or damaged state Although all tools and downhole equipment should be inspected and tested in base workshops before issue, they must also be thoroughly inspected on site before and after use. For Example While a broken coil spring contained in an annular space will doubtless still function, its operating pressure will be impaired. On the other hand a broken or distorted leaf spring will almost certainly prove useless. Inability to locate a running tool in a landing nipple, for example, could be caused by weak springs in the locking mandrel. Otis recommend that the key springs in their “X" and “R” type locking mandrels are replaced each time the mandrel is run and pulled, to ensure the proper tocation of the locking keys When disassembling tools and equipment incorporating heavy duty springs. always ensure that the correct jigs and tools are utilized. as the stored energy within a strong spring can be considerable. 3-2STANDARD FISHING NECK SIZES 1 NOMINAL, TOOLSTRING SIZE 1 TOOL SIZE TO LATCH | Lett? 1-3 ! 2° Pulling Too! 1-3/8" —> betg2n 314 4 2-112" Pulling Toot —— 2.313 3°* Pulling ToolPROJECT 12 — TOOLSTRING Name the 4 components required to make up the standard 0.092 knot a) (u) an) ayy 2. Mechanical jars can be obtained with what two different stroke lengths? a” ) 3. Name one advantage and one disadvantage of the long stroke" jars ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE 4. How do you know when hydraulic jars require redressing? 5. Give two reasons for CLOSING hydraulic jars before laying them down ay (1) 6. Fill in the correct sizes in the following chart : | Max. 0.D. | Fishing Neck | Thread | Size: Name Lega" | | | | Rope Socket 1-778" - 142" | Stem 1-778" | | | 1-192" | | | Mechanical Jars 1-7/8" | 11a | | Hydraulic Jars 1-3/4" | | beta | Knuckle Joints t 1-718" [ 3-15GAUGE CUTTER Itis good wireline practice to run a gauge cutter before starting any operation in a well. Uses ~ to check tubing I.D. ~ to tag total depth ~ to locate nipple I.D. and No - Go's. = to locate restrictions. - to cut sand, scale, parafin and other deposits from tubing wall. -to determine profile of a bridge (run successively smaller cutters and plot depth v's size to establish shape of restriction). When selecting size of gauge cutter care- fully consider 1.D. you wish to locate eg. To tag 3 - 1/2 XN nipple Nipple Bore = 2.750" No goL.D. = 2.635" Therefore gauge cutter must be between these two sizes eg. 2.7"WIRE SCRATCHER Scratchers are made from a piece of stem « with a series of holes along 4 different ax’: Pieces of wire line are inserted in these the length depending on the tubing ID. and in place with grub screws. The tool is used to scrape the tubing wall also be used to clean landing nipples and to fist pieces of wire line lying loose in the well. 3-17ISS S M—U BLIND BOX The Blind Box is used when heavy downward @ fish or push something down the hole reduce wear and damage Jarring is required to dislodge It is flat on the bottom and hardened to Ik is available in a range of sizes to suit the application As a “cuter - bar” it is made up below a piece of stem and rope socket and dropped in the well to cut wire downhole (refer to FISHING’ section 13.1 3-18IMPRESSION BLOCK The Impression Block (L. I. B. - Lead Impression Block) is similar in appearance to the blind box but it is filled with lead which extends below the bottom edge. The lead is “keyed” in position by a roll pin or a hex-headed bolt. Either of these are installed prior to pouring molten lead inside. Uses - to obtain “picture” of down- hole blockage. eg. : Rope socket —with or without wire Prong Lock Mandrel Parted tubing Preparation Roughly flatten face with hammer then smooth with course rasp. Finish with a smooth file and a piece of steel shear stock rubbed across face to give “polish Ensure there are no indentations in sur- face prior to running Check that there is no “overlap’ around edges as this could hang up in coliars when pulling out and dislodge a chunk of lead. CAUTION : (1) When refilling : Melt previous lead out and repair continu- ously. Do not stop and restart as this will create a weak flaw which could seperate downhole. (1) Jar down ONCE only —other- wise multiple impressions will confuse image 3-19SWAGING TOOL A’ Swaging Tool is used to restore Jight collapse in the tubing string The O.D. of the swage = tubing drift Note fluid by-pass hole to permit Passage of fluid when OD of swage fills the tubing LD Always run with HYDRAULIC JARS to enable Operator to jar up out of tubing if the swage should jam.TUBING END LOCATOR Used to locate the end of the tubing at the time as the completion as cross-reference check of tubing tally. Used also to correlate tag sand depth acculately from bottom of tubing (depth known from completion records). | tuamc eno carton Usually has 2 positions for “finger” so that it can be used in 2-3/8 and 2-7/8 or 3-1/2 and 4—1/2 Tubing Take care pulling tubing end locator up into lubricator. After tubing end locator passes out bottom of tubing spring loaded “finger” trips to horizontal position. Pick up to obtain tubing end position. Jar up action shears 3/16 brass pin below “finger and allows tool to be removed CAUTION : Run gauge cutter first to ensure tubing is. clear. If tubing end locator has to be pulled up with “finger ~ in running position it may catch in tubing or collar. Continued upward movement in this situation will shear pivot pin and drop “finger” and spring. In some cases the “finger” has damaged = or ~—_—punctured tubing.OTIS PART NUMBER SYSTEM While it is not necessary to become totally familiar with above system it can be of assistance to be aware of the basic concept Otis part numbers are 2 or 3 digits immediately followed by 2 or 3 letters and 5 more digits For example Equipment Group Can signify various things (In this instance a ~ ~ Eg- Model No. since introduction Lock Mandrel} - HS service ~ Spiing type in DK Type of Equipment _____________| |___Size in inches (here - an X Lock) Eg. 2.75" packing bore decimal inserted after first digit Any component which has a single letter Eg. 10 X 593 (X Key for Lock Mandrel) Shows that it is a single part only Knowing the group No. (see attached list) can assist in identifying components SHEAR STOCK In the case of the shear stock Part No. knowing the significance of the number. will allow you to “read” information quickly. Eg. Shear pin number for upper shear pin in 2718 X Line Running Tool : 9 P3 1125 Shear Pin Length 1. 125, Diameter in 1 / 16ths (in this case 3/16") Insert decimal 3-2PROJECT 12 -SERVICE TOOLS List the recommended gauge cutter size for each of the following well programmes a) Tag 3- 1/2" XN nipple 7 (Tag 2-7/8" X - Over below 3 1/.2"* XN nipple (m Tag 2-7/8" XN nipple (wv) Tag sand plug back depth through 2 - 7/8" XN ) Check drift on 3 - 1 / 2°" N 80 tubing = Why is there a hole drilled through a swage? List 2 uses for a blind box : @ (n) Describe procedure to verify end of tailpipe using a tubing end locator To clean out a nipple bore which is suspected to be full of sand, what tool should be used. List 2 Precautions when filling and using an L.I.B.? a (u) From the Otis Part No. 942250 (top pin of 2 - 1/2 X Running tool) we can determine what 2 vital pieces of information a (uy 3-23SECTION 4 — STANDARD PULLING TOOLS Standard Pulling Tools Otis R Series 4-4 Otis S Series 427 Camco J Series 4-1 Otis G Series 4-14 Shear Pin Theory 4-20 O - Ring Sealing Theory 4-21 Tool Chart 4-22 PROJECTS Project 14 - Otis R Series 4-9 Project 15 - Otis S Series 4-10 Project 16 ~ Camco J Series 4-13 Project 17 - Otis G Series 4-19STANDARD PULLING TOOLS Pulling tools are designed to remove various subsurface equipment from the well They can only be used to retrieve an item-of equipment that has a “standard fishing neck If it is impossible to retrieve the equipment. the pulling tool can be released by shearing a pin and returned to the surface. Pulling tools may be designed for either external or internal fishing necks Shearing ‘the pin may be achieved -by jarring up or down depending on the type of tool Examples Jar Up, Ext. Fishing Neck — Otis RB, RS, Camco JUC, JUS Jar Down, Ext. Fishing Neck — Otis SB, SS, Camco JDC, JDS. Jar Up, Int. Fishing Neck — Otis GR Jar Down, Int. Fishing Neck — Otis GS, Camco PRS OTIS/ BOWEN CAMCO Pulling tools have correspondingly shaped dogs, hence a Camco Pulling Tool should not be used to fish Otis, or Bowen equipment and vice - versa as damage to the Fishing Neck and pulling tool dogs can result.STANDARD PULLING TOOLS It is essential that the operator select a tool which shears in the direction OPPOSITE to which jarring is required to achieve movement downhole i.e. : Jar DOWN action is required to unlock mandrel so JAR UP TO SHEAR tool must be used. Therefore the operator must be able to immediately identify a tools shear dire- ction. As an aid these features should be remembered to differentiate between R and S tools RING - on'R’ Construction of the tools varies internally R — Coreis attached directly to top sub § — Skirtis attached to top sub — Skirt is pinned to core. — Core pinned to skirt R Fz s Shear up Shear downR SERIES PULLING TOOL The R Series pulling tools are designed to engage an extemal fishing neck and shear to release by upward jar action. The R Series pulling tool (p + - 5) is used in three different versions or types. which are the Type RB, RS and RJ. The difference in the three types is only in the length of the core which is installed in the tool. The Type RB uses the longest core (i), the Type RS uses the intermediate length core (ii) and the Type RU. the shortest core (ii). The reach of the pulling tool is determined by the length of the core. Reach is the distance from the lower end or face of the core down to the engaging shoulder at the lower end of the pulling tool dogs. Therefore. the Type RB pulling tool. which has the ~sngest core. would have the shortest reach and the Type RJ pulling ‘tol, with the shortest core. would have the longest reach. Any one of these three tools (Type RB. RS or RJ) may be changed to either of the two other types simply by changing the core. All other parts of the three types of tools are iden- tical and are completely interchangeable The type of lock mandrel or other downhole device to be retrieved will determine which type pulling tool must be used. The required type of pulling tool will be shown in the relevant section for each type of equipment shown else- where in this book. Most of the locking mandrels will require a specific type of pulling tool and no other type pulling tool should be used. Be sure of the proper type pulling tool before attempting to latch and retrieve any lock mandrel All shear up pulling tools have a larger shear pin than the equivalent shear down tool (refer to mechanical jar action p 3 - 8) a die 1 Qf I | peace A | DOG ' | POSITION pt aeR SERIES PULLING TOOL PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION - Refer to diagram p. 4-6 The Pulling Tool is attached to a standard wireline tool string and lowered into the well. Upon contact with the subsurface control, the lower portion of the Cylinder passes over the Fishing Neck or pulling flange; the Dogs are forced outward, then spring inward to engage the pulling flange because of the force of the Dog Spring. Upward impacts of the Jars are utilized to pull the sub- surface control from the well. The Shear Pin should withstand -_considerable jarring before shearing. When the Pin shears, the force in the Cylinder Spring acts between the Sub and the Cylinder and moves the Cote up in the Cylinder. This moves the Dogs upward against the force of the Dog Spring. As the Dogs move upward, their tapered upper ends move into the Cylinder, forcing the + Dogs. inward and there-by forcing the Dog's lower end outward. This causes the Dogs to release their grip on the pulling flange. Pinning Tool used to compress the spring to replace shear pin The Releasing Tool, Pinning Tool — used to compress the spring to replace shear pin. The following are the R Series tools: Part | Size [0.D.| Fish | will Top Shear | Reach No. Neck | Latch | Thread Pin RB,|40RB14 | 1-1/2] 1.430] 1.187] 1.187] 15/16- 10 ]1/4 | 1.265 40RB17 | 2 1.770| 1.375 | 1.375 | 15416 - 10 | 5/16} 1.219 4orB18 | 2-1/2 | 2.180] 1.375 | 1.750] 15416 - 10} 5/16) 1.203 40RB19 | 3 2.740 | 2.313 | 2.313 [1 - 1/16 - 10/348 | 1.297 rs.{4orss | 1-1/2 | 1.430] 1.187 | 1.187] 15/16 - 10 ]1/4 | 1.797 40RS6 | 2 1.770 | 1.375 | 1.375 }15/16- 10 |5/ 16} 1.984 4ors7 | 2-1/2 12.180] 1.375 | 1.750] 15/16 - 10 [5/16] 1.984 4orsi9 | 3 2.740 | 2.313 | 2.313 1 - 1/16 - 10]3/8 | 1.190R SERIES PULLING TOOL p Sub Locking Screw Cover Mainspring Core - (Shear pin « Shear pin Skirt (Cylinder) — Dog Spring Spacer ring ‘Space to insert releasing tool (A) Dog Reach RS PULLING TOOL,SSERIES PULLIN RUNNING TOOL Top sub Fluid Bypass Hole Sleeve (Shear pin Cover) Core nut Main Spring Skirt (Cylinder) Shear pin Dog Spring Spacer Ring ‘Space to insert Releasing tool (A) SS PULLING TOOL,S SERIES PULLING / RUNNING TOOL The S Series tools are JAR DOWN TO SHEAR (Seep. 4 - 7). They are designed to pull equipment by jarring up or to run and release equipment by jamming down Two cores are available for this tool B core - Short reach S core - Longer reach L REACH 206, T POSITION Always check that item to be released has sufficient clearance on skirt 10 move core upwards fully, Failure to check this may result in tool not releasing fully NOTE : Shear pin in shear down tools is smaller than equivalent shear up tool Uses same Releasing and Pinning tools as R Series The following are the S Series tools: Pat | Size | 0.D.] Fish | wit Top Shear | Reach No. Neck | Latch | Thread Pin sB.]40sB6 | 1-112} 1.437 | 1.187 | 1.187 | 1s716-10 [3/16 | 1.297 4osB1 | 2 1.766 | 1.375 |1.375 | 15/16-10 Jira | 1.219 4osB2 | 2- 1/2/2188 | 1.375 | 1.750 | isri6-10 fis | 1.281 408B9 | 3 2.734 | 2.313 | 2.313 | 1- 1116-10] 5416 | 1.380 ss.}4oss3 | 1-1/2] 1.430 } 1.187 | 1.187 | 5416-10 3/16 | 1.780 4ossi | 2 1.770 | 1.375 | 1.375 | 1516-10 | 114 | 2.030 4oss2 | 2-1/2] 2.180 | 1.375 | 1.750 | 15/16-10 | 174 | 2.000 a4oss¢_| 3 2.840 | 2.313 | 2.313 | 1- 1116-10} 5116 | 2.210 S| aosm7 | 1.66 [1.187 | 0875 [ors | 6116-10 [3716 | 1.680 * For Gas Lift Valves onlyPROJECT 14 — OTIS R SERIES TOOLS Name the two most common types of “R” tool. a) () Explain the difference between these two tools. How can you recognize this tool by looking at the outside? When the pin shears what part of the tool makes it release? In which direction does the core move when you shear the tool? Why is there a thread in the bottom of the core? ® (u) Fill in the following sizes : (1) Reach of 2" RB = (1) Reach of 2" RS - ... (um) Shear pin diameter for 1 - 1/2" RB......... Gav) Shear pin diameter for 2 - 1/2"" RS......... Write fishing neck size the following tools will latch : @) 1-12" RB - (a) 2" RS-. (my) 2-112" RB- Gv) 3° RS-. Measure the length and O.D. of the following tools (not including the 1°” of thread) @ 1-12" RB-. (u) 2" RS-. (um) 2 -1/2"" RB - Qv) 3° RS-..PROJECT 15 — OTIS S SERIES TOOLS 1. Name the two types of “S” tool. o ) Explain the difference between these two tools. 3. How can you recognize this tool by looking at the outside? 4, In which direction do you jar to shear the S series tools? 5. In which direction does the core move when you shear the tool? 6. Why is there 2 pin holes in the core? 7. Fill in the following sizes (a) Reach of 2°" SB - (1) Reach of 2" SS - (am) Shear pin diameter for 1 - 1/2" SB (av) Shear pin diameter for 2 - 1/2" SS (Note difference in shear pin size to R series - (p 3 - 9). 8. Write fishing neck size the following tools will latch : @) 1-12" SB - cevetseeeeeees reer (a) 2" SS oe erect (m) 2-12" SB- (a) Ee occ : 9. Measure the length and O.D. of the following tools (not including the 1" of thread), Q) 1-12" SB-. (0) SS et (a) 2-12" SB- (av) 3" SS-. 4-10CAMCO PULLING TOOLS The Camco equivalent to the Otis tools are as follows JAR UP to SHEAR JAR DOWN to SHEAR JU JD JUS} YUL JDC} PDS short med long @ REACH = short med = Core attached to top sub = Skirt attached to top sub - Screw hole in top sub =ID feature = no hole in top sub = Skint pinned to core = Core pinned to skirt ~ Bigger shear pin than J.D. = Smaller shear pin than J.U. JU can be converted to JD by changing the following parts (1) Top Sub (a) Core Nut (im) Retainer Screw. Cores for JU and JD are identical Remember + Dog profile on Camco tools is 90 - Otis tools and equipment have 15° undercut (See p. 4-2) O.D. of Camco tools is larger than equivalent Otis tool, Latching Sequence - p. 4-12: A, B, C No releasing tool required for Camco. Same pinning tool as Otis. Remove top sub spring to insert shear pin.CAMCO PULLING TOOLS LATCH OPERATION JU JAR UP 4-12PROJECT 16 — CAMCO J SERIES What are the two most common CAMCO tools: a) (uy Identify (above) which direction they shear What external feature is on a JU and not a JD tool which permits identification? Which components must be changed to convert shear up tool to a shear down tool? @ (uy cu) What are the disadvantages of the Camco tool compared to the Otis R and S Series? @ (ny What are the advantages of the Camco tool compared to the Otis R and S Series? ® (un) Complete the following chart @ OD of 2" JDC ..... (a) OD 1- 12" JUC (m) OD 1” JDC (av), Reach 1 - 1/2" JDC (v) Reach I - 1/2" JUC . (vy Diameter shear pin 2" JDC (vu) Diameter shear pin 2" JUC selused for gaslift valsG SERIES PULLING TOOLS The previous tools in this section are all designed to latch extemal fishing necks. €. g. rope sorkets. stem ete. The GSIGR series are designed to latch intemal fishing necks: e.g. X and XN Locks. Soft Set Bomb Hanger ete. The basic tool is the GS which SHEARS DOWN but the addition of a GU ADAPTER converts the total assembly to a GR SHEAR UP tool This extended core version is required to pull the D Collar lock GRL - extended core N To release the Pulling Tool from the Lock Mandrel; grasp the Dog Retainer with the thumb and forefinger and force it up to compress the Spring. This should lift the Dogs enough to allow them to retract against the smaller outside diameter of the Core. Take the Mandrel off the Pulling Tool. LOCK MANDREL 4-14GS PULLING RUNNING TOOLS GS PULLING’ RUNNING TOOL — Jar DOWN to shear. It is important to remember that the skirt must be moved UPWARDS by the fishing neck of the equipment latched. If there is insufficient space for the GS to move down inside the internal fishing neck it is NOT possible to shear off. ching Pulling. As the GS passes downwards into fishing neck the dogs move up and inward- to pass LD. of fishing neck. Then the dog spring forces them pack downwards Upwant movement is transmitted from toolstring, through the core to the dogs which are now firmly expanded beneath fishing neck Downward jar force is applied to move the core downwards. The skirt, resting on the fishing neck. shears the pin in an upward direction, GU adapter can be used as a pinning tool to -e-aliga shear pin holes by compressing spring, If GU adapter is not available spring can be compressed by lever'ng tool in a vice. This will be done during your practical session Running/Pulling : G stops, G pack-offs Pulling : Soft Set Bamb Hanger Pulling : Soft Set Bamb Hangar.GS/GR PULLING TOOL Fishing neck Fishing neck Lock screw ~Core Top Sub Shear pin b. GU - shear up adapter ‘Skirt Main Spring ‘Spring Retainer vee Dog Spring Dog Retainer GR =Gs +GU 4. GS ~pulling too! c. GR - palling too! 4-16GR—- EXPLODED VIE\ —— Fisting Neck @— Locking Screw Top Sub 1 1 i I 1 1 It I 1 I i I 1 1 1 —— Main Spring Retainer Pin | 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 1 f 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 t Spring Retainer e- — Dog Spring ‘Dog Retainer — Core Nut A ! 1 I 1 I 1 Dogs Cee eee u ! 1 I GU Adapter 1 I! 1 i Cylinder 1 1 1 ! GR=GS + GU Adapter } ' 1 1 {Not to scale] A ! Core 1 ' 4-17GR PULLING TOOL GR PULLING TOOL - Jar UP to shear. Combination of GS and GU adapter Pin MUST BE REMOVED from GS or tool will not shear in gither direction Operating sequence is same as GS except tool now shears in opposite direction caring: Upward jar action is transmitted through shear pin (larger diameter than in GS) until pin is sheared Downward jar action has no tendency to shear pin as force is transmitted through main GU body to skirt of GS and onto fishing neck. Pinning Back the GU adapter off GS and re - pin adapter. Screw adapter back into position and main GS spring will be recommended to pinned position GR is used to pull X and XN locks. Jar down side loosens set” on keys and makes the lock easier to pull The following are the commonly used G series tools. 1.875 | 40GR18700 | 4018700, 40GU18700) 1.38 | 1.81 | 11610 2313 40GR23100/ 40523100 |40GU23100/ 1.81 | 225 | is1610 [ts 2.750 T 40GR27500 400827250 /40GU31200) 231 | 272 | 1-16.10 1 4.562 | 40GR45600 | 40645600 | 40GU45600/ 4.00 | 4.50 | 1-1/16-10 4-18PROJECT 17 — OTIS G SERIES TOOLS Why do you add the GU adapter to the GS to convert it to a GR? 2. Does the shear pin go in the adapter or the GS? 3, What happens if you pin both the GS and the GU adapter? 4. Describe PINNING PROCEDURE for GS 5. Measure the tools and fill in the following chart size | TOOL LENGTH 0.D.] Lp. TooL | THREAD (excl. threads) WILLLATCH | SIZE Gs GR Gs 2-192" GR Gs " GR 6, What happens to the dogs as the tool latches? 7. Which tool has the bigger shear pin : GS or GR. Explain why? 4-19SHEAR PI NS RADIAL owing a c RADIAL SHEAR 9N pees RADIAL SuEAR Pru clearance ects BOUBLEFoncE necessany TANGENTIAL TANGENTIAL SHEAR PIN CLEARANCE. Nore. IN THE CASE OF LARGE DIAMETER PINS IN RELATIVELY SMALL DIAMETER COMPONENTS THE SHEAR AREA IS SLIGHTLY LARGER THAN THE CROSS-SECTION AREA DUE TO THE CURVATURE OF THE SHEARING SURFACES, AND Tals MUST BE TAKEN IV ACCOUNT ‘MEN USING TABLES, ETC PIN STRENGTH ALUMINIUM - BRASS - STEEL 4-20 Poe OE Note: LARGER SHEAR AREA OF TANGENTIAL SHEAR ON G) COMPARED WITH RADIAL PIN OF SAME SLAMETER tu lowest strength — 41,000 psi U.T.S. medium strength — 43,000 psi U.T.S. highest strength ~— 585000%psi U.T-S.O - RING SEALS A A correctly sized ‘Oring, in a correspondingly correctly sized groove, The volume of the shaded segment will be displaced when the seal isin its operating position. giving contact areas at a, b.c and ¢ A larger ‘O'-ring in the same size groove would give much greater ‘contact areas at a.b.c and d when In operating position, but it would be almost impossible to fit the two components tagether without damage to the ring c Too small an ‘Oring, oF, as in this illustration, too large a diametcal clearance, will give a much smaller volume of ring to be displaced resulting in p00r contact. Contact could be lost altogether at b or d of both. D In the case of C, should the ring be made of too soft a material, pressure in the case of a static seal, or ‘movement in the case of a dynamic seal, will probably force the ring into a distorted shape, allowing pressure to bleed past C, A sufficiently hhigh pressure may force the ring further (dotted lines), against angle e where it could sustain circumferential ‘eamage. Fitting antiextrusion or ‘backing’ rings (downstream only for static, both sides for dynamic), helps prevent this, but as these rings are of (greater outside diameter than the Feces they are subjected to damage.WIRELINE EQUIPMENT CHART RUNNING/PUI 3 Z o g 3 4amSECTION 5 -LOCK MANDRELS Introduction to Lock Mandrels W Slip Lock W Running Too! D Collar Lock G Element Nipple Locks ( S. X. XN) X1-XN Locks X Running Tools Nipple Size Specifications X1 XN Pulling Procedure PROJECT! 5-9 S.14 s-15 5-21 5-28 5-29 Project 18 — W Lock & Running Tool Project 19 — D Collar Lock Project. 20 - XI XN Lock! Nipples Project. 21 - X Running ToolLOCK MANDRELS - INTRODUCTION A lock mandrel is a device which will “grip” in the well to provide an anchor for various flow control devices such as :- plugs. safety valves, seperation tools etc It “grips” either by utilizing slips. dogs or keys. The lock mandrel also has a means of sealing around its O.D. to hold pressure. There are 3 main groups of mandrels Slip Locks - can be set anywhere in the tubing, Collar Locks - can be set in tubing collar recess. Nipple Locks - positioned in a nipple run in the tubing string during completion. 1. Slip Locks (p. 5-3) were the first type of lock to be designed. They have limitations which makes them less useful than the other types of lock mandrels 1. Maximum pressure differential 1500 psi. 2. Will hold pressure from below only. 3. Will not pass nipple bore (of same nominal size as tubing) 4. Can be unlocked by excessive flow from above Collar Locks (p. 5-9) are securely locked in the tubing collar recess by dogs which extend outwards, It has the following features and limitations: 1. Will hold $000 psi-from ABOVE and BELOW 2. G. Seal Element is more effective than W used on slip Lock. 3. Will not pass nipple I. D. Nipple Locks (p. 5-14) can be divided into the following categories. 1, Selective - due to nipple profile -S locks 2. Selective - due to running tool-X locks 3. No-go due to no-go ring in nipple-XN Locks. They offer greater versatility, reliability and pressure rating than either SLIP or COLLAR type locks.W SLIP LOCKS R_nning proced’ e is shown on p. 5-4. Running T: = W Pulling Tool = RB + equalising prong. Bunning procedure ~ A. — The slips slide along the tube wall during running in. B.— When the anchoring depth is reached, pull up; then JAR UP. ‘The taper forces the slips to grip the tubing wall. Continued Jarring up shears the pins which fix the Mandrel body and taper together. The body moves up and the lower conical shoulde: expands the packings, sealing against the tubing. Further upward jarring shears the pins of the Running Tool Pull out of the well. CAUTION DO NOT SIT DOWN ON LOCK AFTER SETTING AS IT MAY RELEASE Pulling procedure — Attach correct pulling prong to thread in RB. core. NOTE — Prong size depends on plug type (p. 6-5). Core strikes mandrel. JAR DOWN to release taper behind slips. As mandrel moves down RB dogs simultaneously latch neck. Element is also released by this action Lock is pulled out of the well, hanging by the fishing neck which ensures slips remain retracted, ‘The tendency to pull the W lock using an RS pulling tool must be avoided. The Reach of the RS is such that the skirt may push downward on fishing neck — tightening slips. The mandrel must have room to move downward to release taper behind slips. For this reason it is NOT advisable to run a collar stop or any other restriction, below slip lock as this will impede downwards movement. 'W LOCK — RUNNING/PULLING SEQUENCE Pulling Latehing Setting RunningW LOCK — RUNNING/PULLING SEQUENCE Inserting Pinning Running. ReleasingW RUNNING TOOL Refer to diagram on p. The W running tool is prepared in the following manner. Check collect is free to move-remove old shear pins 1. Install collet in W lock running neck 2. Insert 2 pieces of shear stock 3, Rotate shear pin cover to prevent pieces of shear stock falling on top of lock. Down hole operation 4, Upward jar action shears pins and retracts core from collect, releasing the W Lock. The following are the most common W locks: Fa] aoe | Sie Se me) Raver | Ramone] Piller Tet SO | OD" Jenpandes| rareaee | tp) | Necw | Toot | Tool Pe oo Dove rowois | 237s | 262 | vase | gar | vate | aiwors | sonair Sioa rowoas | zars| sso | 22x | ts | 17s | siwors | songs arent rowors | 330 | 30m | rts | ras | 2312 | siwor: | sores 3x2 towos | 4000 | asoo | sas_| ir | 27m | eiwow | aorpo | 2-i/4a12PROJECT 18 -W LOCK MANDREL Strip and Reassemble during practical sessions 1. Measure a 2-1/2" W Lock (used in 2-7/8 tubing, similarly 3° for 3-1/2 tubing) and fill in the following sizes (1) Total length with slips retracted (1) Maximum O.D. with slips retracted (1m) Maximum O.D. with element expanded (iv) LD. through mandrel assembly. Why is the element pinned ? 3. Whatis the size ...... and type ....... of this shear pin? 4. List the running procedure. @ a) (an) ay) 5. Give two limitations of the W Lock Mandel a) w) 6. In which direction must you jar to release the W running tool? 7. For the 2-1/2" W running tool what is the size and type .......of shear pins? 8. Maximum O.D. of this tool is ), List 2 things to 9e checkeu defore pinning this :o01 i) (a)D COLLAR LOCK Tue D Collar lock is designed to lock in any collar secess of External Upset (EU) and Non Upset (NU) tubing : (Red indicates sealing surfaces), EU The D Collarlock will NOT sein premium type tubing such as Vallourec VAM or Hydril CS because there is no collar recess in which to locate : VAM Hydril CS The collar lock has the following features, (2) Can be set in any collar recess (See limitations above) (1) Will hold 5000 PSI from ABOVE or BELOW (am) Pressure set and pressure balanced element Gv) Element ion can be adjusted to seal in varying tubing weights.G ELEMENT DETAIL at (also used on G Pack-off — see Section 14) The D collar lock uses a type “G" ele By varying the numter of spacers beneath the expander clement the amount of ‘expansion can be controlled to seal in various tubing weights, Pressure set and Pressure balanced design refers to the split rings installed in the O-Ring grooves either side of the element THESE RINGS MUST BE ON ELEMENT SID OF O-RING. ‘ie piessure is permitted to act behind the element to “energise” the seal As this pressure reaches the 2nd O-Ring it will be contaited. A revarsal of pressure causes the by-pass to be effective from the opposite direction Tais feature ensures the optimum seai to adjust expansioning Nek Cott Lok Outer Seve Lack Mee ment Expander YOOT UVTIOD GD COLLAR LOCK — RUNNING/PULLING (i) Paling (i Jar up 0 shear running to (apseuingD LOCK - RUNNING/PULLING Pin D Running Tool so its collet is expanded below the “locking sleeve in the recess provided Running - refer to diagram on p. 5-11 1, Lower the assembly into the hole and stop approximately one joint above the desired setting point Pull the assembly up slowly until a collar recess is located. Do Not Pull More Than 80 DaN_At This Point - at this step of the operation you are merely locating 2 reference collar. Note the wire line measurement at this point and check again at “target” collar. This ensures you are in collar-If you are | joint lower than reference point To move downward again, tap downward slightly - then move down the hole to approximately 3m below the desired collar recess.( A) 4 Pull the assembly up until the collar recess is encountered and place approximately 140 DaN pull in the wire. Close the jars slowly without any downward jarring 6 A hard jar upward now is used to expand the element and fully lock the collet. (B) Prior to shearing pin in running tool. jar down slightly to check if the assembly is set. If the plug moves downward. repeat steps 5 and 6 8. If the assembly does not move downward. jar upwardly until the shear pin is sheared and the running tool is freed. (C) After the shear pin is sheared. ‘do not tag the assembly again. as this may release the lock. Pulling Procedure ~ Pulling Tool = GRL + equalising prong. 1. Choose equalising prong to suit plug attached to lock. 2 As GRL engages fishing neck prong activates equalising device. WAIT FOR PRESSURE TO EQUALISE (D) JAR DOWN - Core extension on GRL pushes locking sleeve down releasing element and dogs 4. Pick up and pull our of dvi, The following chart shows D collar locks:10. i PROJECT 19-D COLLAR LOCK What are the types of tubing in which the type D mandrel can be landed? a) Q) What is the pressure differential rating of the type D mandrel? What takes place to lock the Type D mandrel in the collar recess? ie. Explain running procedure. What is the maximum O. D. of the 2- 7/8" type D mandrel with the dogs retracted? What is the maximum 0.D. of the 2 7/8" type D mandrel with the dogs expanded” What is the minimum I. D. through the bore of the mandrel? What is the O.D. of the expanded element of a 2 - 1/2” Type D mandrel ? What is the total length of this Type D mandrel with the dogs retracted? What is the proper pulling tool to pull a 2 - 7/8" Type D mandrel? Describe the procedure for pulling the 2 - 7/8" Type D mandrel? Why is a running prong not required? sinIPPLE LOCKS There are three types of nipple locks: an) (1) Selective due to nipple profile ~$ locks. (1) Selective due to running tooi -X locks. (m) No-go due to restriction in nipple - XN locks. Briefly — the S system relies on varying profiles in each nipple starting with S-l at the bottom. to an S-S near the surface. The operator installs, below the lock. keys which match the nipple profile in which the lock was required to be positioned. ‘The Profile of $ Nipples used for the $.0.D."s is an S-4 uses identical nipples in each respective tubing size. The operator can select which nipple the lock is to be set in by the use of a selective running tool. (p 5-22) Advantages over previous designs of lock a) co) an) av) w) any V packing seal in polished bore of nipple. (Note : S Lock also employed this method of sealing) Holds pressure from both directions. (High pressure R & RN system available) Identical nipples simplify installation and ordering Can be set in X profile of S.S.D.'s Simple lock designs reduces maintenance Running Tool - X Pulling Tool - GR The _XN_Lock is an X Lock with the keys changed to XN. All other components are identical, including the running and pulling :ovis. The O.D. of the equalizing sub is too big to pass the No-go nipple 1D. so serves as a positive stop to locate the nipple keys. 5-14N LOCKS X keys have a 90" shoulder. XN have 45° shoulder. X XN An exploded view of the X lock is shown on (p 5-16) identifying all components Prior to running an X (or XN) lock you should check the following (1) Alll threads are tight - note hole in expander mandrel for a bar. (DO NOT PLACE A WRENCH ON THIS SURFACE) (1) Correct profile keys - X or XN ~ (in) Key spring tension - Keys should be - Fully retracted and firm in SELECTIVE - Sprung forward evenly in NON-SELECTIVE (iv) Check internal fishing neck for wear damage. (v) Check serrations on expander mandrel and keys. Replace if worn nipple expandér mandrel ae a Zina ie ‘ d FORCE The greater the upward force created by.the pressure differential the greater the squeeze” by the keys onto the packing mandrel. This grips serrations to prevent expander mandrel moving upwards and uniocking, This can be observed by opening and closing a lock mandrel and comparing the effort needed to repeat the opening sequence while squeezing the keys inwards by hand.Fishing Neck (1) Expander (3) Mandrel Locking Serrations Double acting (4) key springs Key (5) Key retainer sleeve (2) Packing mandrel (6) V-Packing ‘stack’ (7) INot to scale}Tubing Keys Fully Retracted . Selective Position Nipple Keys sprung out 2. Non-selective position Expander mandrel! serrations locked behind key Locked in nipplexX Refer to p. 5 (1) Selective Position «n) Non-Selective Position tun) Locked in nipple The Runnit Tool ip 5 Selective position. A detailed explanation of the sequence is on p. LOCK POSITIONS — Fishing neck and expander mandrel are fully extended —Keys are FULLY retracted. Check before running —It is recommended to replace double acting springs regularly Fishing neck has been partially pushed into lock (by action of running tool) —Keys are partially expanded and 90° shoulder of X keys will locate in X nipple (45° XN_ keys will pass X nipple in this position) Jar down action has set expander mandrel behind keys holding lock securely in nipple until fishing neck and expander sleeve are retracted by the pulling tool (GR) ) positions the lock mandrel in the Selective or Non- 5.24. The following are the most common X/XN Lock Mandrels: T NoGe |X Luck So XN Lock Sv | Renang Tow! >t oxo 1sr00 OXN1870 aixos | sogRie790 ox0023100 oxN23:01 sixoe | s0GR25100 lOXO27502 10x! 1x06 | anGR7>s00 | oxo} OXN38106 arxais | sogRi6to0 x1es400 OxNAS601 sixaz7 | s0cRss600 Note: All above part Nos are for 9Cr- | Mo material - for HS ServiceX/XN STRIPPING PROCEDURE Components numbered below are identified on p. 5-16 I, Place the assembly horizontally in a vise. Grip on the Fish Neck. (1) Remove the packing (7) from the Packing Mandrel. (6) 2. Insert a steel rod through the shear pin holes in the Packing Mandrel. (6). 3. Using the rod as a handle. pull the Packing Mandrel (6) away from the vise. This moves the Key Retainer Sleeve (2) away from the Fish Neck (1) and exposes the Expander Sleeve (3) 4. Insert a rod through the holes in the Expander Sleeve (3). Using the rod as a handle, remove the Expander Sleeve from the Fish Neck (1) CAUTION: Do not use a wrench on the Expander Sleeve (3). This could damage the special finish on the upper end of the Expander Sleeve (3). CAUTION: Do not use a wrench on the Packing Mandrel (6) or Key Retainer = Sleeve (2) when removing them from the Fish Neck (i). This will twist the Key Springs (4) and damage the grooves in the Expander Sleeve (3) 5. Remove the Packing Mandrel (6) from the Key Retainer Sleeve (2) Do not use a wrench on packing section of Packing Mandrel (6). This could cause premature wear of the packing 1.D. and cause the packing to leak. 6. With the Expander Sleeve (3) in the up or “unlocked” position. the Keys (5) may be removed from the slots 7. Pull the Expander Sleeve (3) out through the bottom of the Key Retainer Sleeve (2). This allows the Springs (4) to fall free 9, Clean and inspect all parts thoroughly for wear and damage CAUTION: NEVER grip key retainer sleeve in VICE or with a wrench as this can distort the thin walls 5-19X1XN REASSEMBLY PROCEDURE I. Install the Expander Sleeve (3) (small end first) into the lower end of the Key Retainer Sleeve (2). Leave sufficient room to install Key Springs. 2. Align the spring grooves in the Expander Sleeve (3) with the slots in the Key Retainer Sleeve (2) 3. Insert the Springs (4) through the top of the Key Retainer Sleeve (2) and into the spring grooves in the Expander Sleeve (3). Check that the hooked ends of the Springs are in the holes in the Key Retainer Sleeve (2). Hold in place with grease. (On big size locks with Shear-pin Retainer. check that the pin hole in the Expander Sleeve is aligned with the pin slot in the Key Retainer Sleeve.) 4. Push the Expander Sleeve (3) through the Key Retainer Sleeve (2) until it engages and stops. 5. Install the Keys (5) through the bottom of the Key Retainer Sleeve (2) and onto the Springs (4). The Keys (5) must be properly installed on the Springs (4). 6. Push the Expander Sleeve (3) down, moving the Keys (5) out into the windows of the Key Retainer Sleeve (2). 7. Insert the Packing Mandrel (6) into the Expander Sleeve (3) and make up by hand. 8. Grip the upper end of the Key Retainer Sleeve (2) in a vise. Tighten the Packing Mandrel (6) CAUTION: Do not place the wrench on the polished packing area of the Packing Mandrel (6). This could cause premature wear of the packing I.D 9 Remove this assembly. from the vise and place the Fish Neck (1) in the vise 10. Make up the Expander Sleeve (3) into the Fish Neck (1) by hand. 11 Insert a steel rod through the shear pin holes in the Packing Mandrel (6) Using the rod as a handle, pull the Packing Mandrel away from the Fish Neck (1) to expose the Expander Sleeve (3) 12. Insert the rod through holes in the Expander Sleeve (3). Using the rod as a handle. make up the Expander Sleeve into the Fish Neck (1). TON: Do not ase are This wouia twist the Key Springs (4) and damage the grooves in the Expander Sleeve (3) chon the Key Retainer Sleeve 2) NOTE : Do not try to force the Fish Neck (1) downward. This may place the tool in a locked” position. 13. Install the new packing onto the Packing Mandrel (6). 14, Install new O-Ring onto the lower end of Packing Mandrel on locks 3 - 1/2" and larger. 5-20X-RUNNING TOOL The X-running tool is to enable the X Lock to be run selectively into the profile required, It has two positions, SELECTIVE and NON-SELECTIVE in which it has to be manually set at the surface. a _— 1) SELECTIVE POSITION - used when setting in any profile’ except top one or a No. (XN) profile. 2) NON-SELECTIVE POSITION - used when setting lock in top profile or a No-go (XN) profile. Note : When an XN is below several X profiles of same size it is advisable to run in SELECTIVE (to protect top shear pin while jarring packing through profiles) and trip to NON-SELECTIVE in last X profile above XN. Loon position LOCK MANDREL 1) KEYS are FULLY RETRACTED. Running tool holding the lock fully EXTENDED. RUNNING TOOL in) Nipple Locator dogs OUT. (in) Lug Segments LOCKING Core to Main Mandrel (wv) No GAP between fishing neck and spring housing. In NON-SELECTIVE position LOCK MANDREL (v) Keys are SPRUNG forward to permit 90 degrees shoulder to locate in nipple. RUNNING TOOL (vt) Nipple locator dogs IN - now holding inner mandrel in up position (vn) Lug segments FREE to permit Core to move when top pin shears (vin) GAP between fishing neck and spring housing. CHECKING RUNNING TOOL Prior to pinning to lock, the running tool should be checked to ensure it trips freely from SELECTIVE to NON-SELECTIVE. Place tool in NON-SELECTIVE (as it would be after pulling out of hole). then oui in vice Ronzontaily and gp GENTLY on dog retainer. Using a square Place shank screwdriver vor other suitabie tool; in gap dDetween spring housing and fishing neck increase tension on main spring. At the same time place thumb and forefinger on upper end of nipple locator dogs and squeeze inwards and upwards against small spring. Release screwdriver and tool should spring into SELECTIVE position. If not (1) Check nipple locator dogs were fully outwards when you released tension (u) Gently tap spring housing in case spring is binding inside deformed housing. If too tight - replace prior to running.fishing nck lop stb) — spring housing — rain mand dog retainer housing 1B — os spine | — spit ing nipple lator dn, log sgn fishing neck resin dog } —i16° hoe for lower (has) shew pin 8) Sectioned shear gin ~ sing Tousing ~ roots foe Tug segments 7 1 i \ ' \ 1 i 1 i 1 1 rmamicl | q eee for Fhing neck retainer dogs fl Pe segment 1 1 tating nck T retainer ng 1 a Er ) Explose view of components shoulder pat fn packing tml S110" shear pi be og river housing ow soring X RUNNING TOOL ANIA GAGOTAXA — TOOL ONINNAY XX RUNNING TOOL - PINNING/RUNNING With tool in SELECTIVE Place tool in vice horizontally and grip GENTLY on dog retainer. Push nipple locator dogs up (towards fishing neck). They should move inwards when at upper end of travel and return freely to extended position. If they are not free the spring is binding and tool needs redressing. Pull fishing neck to outwards against spring tension. A bar or screwdriver can be placed through slot above core to provide handles to exert force necessary Tool should trip into NON-SELECTIVE and remain in this position when tension iy released PINNING PROCEDURE 1. Check Running Tool is in NON-SELECTIVE position - otherwise core will be locked 2 Place Lock Mandrel fishing neck in vice firmly. Close lock and insert running tool, Push core downwards and hold in place with punch in top shear pin hole. Extend lock mandrel and move running tool to line up bottom shear pin hole. Pin with 5/16” brass (usually), Insert. 1/4" steel pin in top hole. Cross punch and center punch shear pins to ensure they do not drop out 4. Check that tool will trip from SELECTIVE to NON-SELECTIVE. Check lock mandrel keys in SELECTIVE - fully retracted NON-SELECTIVE - spring forward RUNNING PROCEDURE - to SELECTIVELY pet X lock (See p. 5-25) Set Running tool in SELECTIVE 2 Runinto the well and JAR DOWN GENTLY to pass packing thro profiles (Remember: In selective position the lug segments are prot pin) - Diagram 11) upper nipple ing top shear 3. Pays through nipple in which lock is to be set (lower approx 10M) INipple locator dogs move up and inwards « then return to selective positton) 4 Take pick up weight and remember umount for later reference S$. Pull up to nipple-locator dogs will not allow tool to. pass up through nipple. Diagram 111) This sill trp cunning wel tram SELECTIVE to NUN-SELECTIVE asin a Now the following points have occurred lug sey jenty retracted 50 lop shear pin unprotected. =there is a gap between fishing neck and spring housing, = nipple locator dogs retracted and holding tool in NON-SELECTIVE ~lnck keys partially extendedX RUNNING TOOL - RUNNING PROCEDURE 7. Lower down until X keys locate 90 degree shoulder in nipple. 8 Jar down GENTLY to position lock fully in the nipple. 9. JAR DOWN to shear TOP pin. Diagram (1v) ~ fishing neck retainer dogs released ~ keys fully locked in nipple by expander mandrel 10, Pick up approx. 100 DaN over pick-up weight. If weight drops off lock was not fully set. Repeat from step 8 11. If lock is fully set — Diagram (v) -JAR UP to shear BOTTOM pin and pull out of hole. Torun XN lock - run in NON-SELECTIVE as XN lock WILL NOT pass XN nipple to permit running tool to trip. Running Procedure - As for X but omit steps 3, 5, 6, 7 Take pick-up weight above XN. NOTE : If XN is below several X nipple profiles it is advisable to run in SELECTIVE to protect top shear pin while jarring packing through nipple bores, Trip to NON-SELECTIVE in last X nipple above XN. — 24unniog in Sele Fsons ovement at need pons ° ~ wo Locsng aiple Innonseletve and gpg ak este in ie om ” Jeg down hs stten 8 | sear pin protect! hy Ing eens |e eereccs : Ge ‘ene na om = | ee ee ee © | Hoidng fing we flock wi ate vt ere moved 8 eked fiahing neck -cne fly moved 7 [reeemea Teaco coe 6 | Roi : [Reerrmemnan eta vn SONANDAS ONINNA FALOATAS ~ WOOT XX RUNNING TOOL-STRIPPING PROCEDURE Ensure tool is in NON-SELECTIVE Position i.e. Core free to move bowen 10. i Remove locking pin and upper cross pin Withdraw Core. Remove fishing neck retainer dogs. Hold tool in vice by fishing neck ~ vertically. Back off key retainer housing from mainspring housing —use of strap wrenches advisable to prevent deformation. Remove key retainer housing —manipulate dogs to permit removal Take care not to lose components as there is a tendency for them to fly apart Remove lug segments from main mandrel slot. Unscrew main mandrel from fishing neck. -NOTE these are a matched pair -NOT INTERCHANGEABLE. If tool is not going to be reassembled immediately store these two components screwed together. Remove spring housing and main spring, Remove dog spring by squeezing flat between two hacksaw blades and with— drawing through slots in retainer housing. Check all parts for wear - grease lightly. 5-%61 2 X RUNNING TOOL - REASSEMBLY PROCEDURE Put fishing neck in vice ~ pin thread down, Place spring housing and main spring on fishing neck — just sit them in position (thread upwards) Insert main mandrel and make up —ensure milled slots are lined up. Main spring is now compressed. Main mandrel and fishing neck are a matched pair and care must be taken to be certain they do not become mixed. Insert 2 lug segments —45 degree chamfer up (i.e. towards bottom of tool) Insert spring into dog retainer — Sandwich spring between 2 hacksaw blades. insert through slots, turn 90 degrees and release blades. Manipulate spring into position and check that the ends of the springs are not crossed. Slide dog retainer housing over main mandrel thread downwards. Insert hacksaw blade through slot in dog retainer housing above the spring and right through the slots in the main mandrel. Lift housing to compress spring against hacksaw blade and insert file through main mandrel to hold housing up. Insert 1 split. ring in lower inside of dog retainer housing — install with slot towards upper edge. (grease on back of split ring will hold it in place) Insert | nipple locator dog Insert 2nd split ring Insert 2nd dog — from inside at a steep angle to locate fingers in slots in split rings Hold dogs firmly while picking up gently on dog retainer housing to remove file from slot Lower complete assembly until hacksaw blade is at end of slot. Remove blade while gently supporting dogs with finger tips. Turn dog retainer housing 90 degrees - to avoid fishing neck retainer dog slots. Manipulate assembly gently down over profiles on main mandrel and thread into spring housing Tighten spring housing to dog retainer. DO NOT OVERTIGHTEN as this can deform these thin section components, upwards to nto CONTROL insert 2 fi se 1 hold ia piace Insert core ~cannot be inserted if tool is in SELECTIVE position. (see 18). Install cross pin Lift core upwards and insert locking pin through hole in fishing «neck BRAD both ends to ensure this pin will not fall out CHECK TOOL OPERATION —- ie: Trip from NON-SELECTIVE to SELECTIVE and back to NON-SELECTIVE.tins oa z9s'p ssi tis NIPPLE SIZE SPEC FICATIONS LS ae ee een eee | nears eee meee Steet eRe seu tlhe . “9 z : ose £6 7 - o ey BIL-7 7 — |S iwa —[ so RIT ee eee eee vee orig Tuga 5-28X/XN LOCK - PULLING PROCEDURE Refer to diagram p. 5-30 (shown with X equalising sub) NOTE ; CORRECT PULLING TOOL IS GR-GS + prong in diagram is for illustration only. Pulling Procedure 1 Check correct prong is attached to GR core Check shear pin in GU adapter ONLY. 2 Run into the well with GR pulling tool. Reasons for using GR instead of GS =To enable downward jarring to loosen lock. ~ To ensure we can shear off if lock is full of sand. - REMEMBER : GS skirt must be pushed up to shear. 3 Latch lock fishing neck-wait for equalization if necessary 4 Jar DOWN ~to release “set” on keys (see p 4-15) 5 Jar UP to expand fishing neck and pull lock. 6. Pull out of hole. If lock is extremely difficult to recover consider use of GH pulling tool (Hydro- static version of GS) - See section 13. - 29X LOCK ~ PULLING PROCEDURE 5-30PROJECT 20 -X/ XN LOCKS / NIPPLES For a 2 - 7/8" XN nipple, complete the following. (1) Packing bore LD. ccccsesseseee 7 (u) No-go LD. (iu) Nipple OD. For a 3 - 1/2" XN nipple, complete the following : 2) Packing bore I.D. (1) No-go LD. (1m) Nipple OD. . How many X nipples can be run in one size of tubing? Where is the XN nipple located relative to the X nipples? Name the two differences between X and XN nipples. « () What must be changed to convert an X lock to an XN lock? Measure the following dimensions on a 2~7!8 X lock (1) Max O.D. with keys retracted (1) Max O.D. with keys expanded .. (mi) Length from top of fishing neck to bottom of packing (lock open) lav) No of V-packings (v) O.D. of the V-packingsPROJECT 20 - continued 8. Measure the following dimensions on a 3 - 1/2 PXN Lock (1) Max O.D. with keys retracted (1) Max O.D. with keys expanded (1m) Max O.D, of equalizing sub (ay) No of V-packings (v) OD. of the V-packings 9. List the procedure to reassemble a 3 - I/2 X lock, 10. Describe procedure for pinning an X Lock to an X running tool Sa E32)PROJECT 21-X RUNNING TOOL On the 2 - 7/8" X Running Tool, measure the following (1) Max O.D. With dogs retracted ie. NON-SELECTIVE (1) Max O.D, With dogs expanded ie. SELECTIVE (im) Length of core movement (iv) Diameter of top shear pin On the 3 - 1/2°X Running Tool, measure the following (1) Max O.D. With dogs retracted i.e. NON-SELECTIVE at) Max O.D. e wathe. SELECTIVE (im) Length of core movement (av) Diameter of top shear pin What parts of the running tool LOCATE the nipple profile? Describe the 3 positions of the nipple locator dogs during the selective setting of an X Lock aw a cr) Describe the complete procedure to selectively set an X lock in the 3rd nipple profile from the surface: (Indicate when pins shear, what position you would set the running tool in at the surface, and any checks you would nake during the procedure) 5-33PROJECT 21-continued 6. Describe the procedure for running an XN lock (Assume these are no X nipples above the XN). What is the correct pulling tool for X and XN locks. 8. Give 2 reasons why the tool in question 7 is correct W ay 9. Describe pulling procedure for a3 - 2 XX plug 10. Prior to running an X lock selectively what 3 things should be checked by the operator. a ay (au) 5-34PERSONAL NOTESPERSONAL NOTESSECTION 6 — PLUGS Introduction D Plug Pulling prong chart DW, DD 6-5 XX plug assembly 6-7 PX plug assembly 6-9 PROJECTS 6-6 Project 22 - D plugs Project 23 - XXIPX Plugs 6-11PLUG and EQUALISING VALVE TYPES We have just looked at mandrels in this course but the lock mandrel is just a method of attaching a “flow control device” to the inside of the tubing. The flow control device can be 1) plug 2 D plug (1) safety valve. eg DK (an) Seperation tool liv) Test tool. eg Modified P. iv) Amerada gauges. ete Plugs are divided into 3 categories (1) Hold pressure from below (eg. D) (1) Hold pressure both ways (eg. XX: PX) (m) Hold pressure from above only (eg. N test tool) As we know. a slip lock will ONLY hold from BELOW. so it must always be used with a plug which also ONLY holds from BELOW. In the Otis system the initial describing the plug is followed by the initial describing the lock mandrel eg. D.W. - D plug on W lock. EQUALISING DEVICE Whenever we install a plug in a well we must always run an equalising device in order to equalise the pressure above and below the lock This equalisation must occur FULLY BEFORE UNLOCKING LOCK MANDREL. Failure to equalise correctly by any of the following errors (1) No equalising prong. 4) Wrong equalising prong (Gn) Equalising prong too short lv) Insufficient time allowed for equalisation (¥) Blocked equalising ports Any of these conditions could cause the following (Tf high pressure below lock ~ wols could be biown up hoie. = lock could be difficult tw unto ty If high pressure above lock ~ lock could be difficult to unlock. CORRECT EQUALIZATION IS ESSENTIAL - Observe surface pressures