Article 1, Section 1: National Territory

ARCHIPELAGO-IS DEFINED AS A SEA OR PART

OF A SEA STUDDED WITH ISLANDS, OFTEN
SYNONYMOUS WITH ISLAND GROUPS, OR AS
A LARGE GROUP OF ISLANDS IN AN
EXTENSIVE BODY OF WATER, SUCH AS SEA
(DE LEON, 1991).
 The Archipelagic Principle/Doctrine

Sen. Tolentino pointed out, “the archipelagic principle is

important to the Philippines for two reasons: national
security and exploitation of the living and mineral
resources of the waters, seabed and subsoil thereof, in the
baselines.”
The Philippines bolstered the archipelagic principle in
defining its territory when it included in Article 1 of the
1987 Constitution the following:
"The national territory comprises the Philippine Archipelago,
with all the islands and waters embraced therein";
The Archipelagic Principle/Doctrine

"The waters around, between and

connecting the islands of the
archipelago, regardless of their
dimensions, form part of the
internal waters of the Philippines."

RPC 2014
Boundaries Of The National Territory Of The Philippines
 The process of determining the boundaries of the
Philippines is based on the Archepelagic Doctrine. The
traditional boundary of a 3-nautical-mile (12 nautical mile
rule) limitation in the primary directions –north, south, east,
and west-is not an appropriate basis in determining the
boundaries of the Philippines. Because the Philippines is an
Archipelago, it has a wide maritime territory and long
coastlines.
Article II – Declaration of
Principles and State Policies
Principles
SECTION 1. The Philippines is a democratic
and republican State. Sovereignty resides in the
people and all government authority emanates
from them.

A democratic and republican state.

-States that the Philippines is a democratic state.
 Section 1.
Manifestations of a democratic and republican
state.

 The existence of a bill of rights.

 The observance of the rule of the majority.

 The observance of the principle that ours is a government of laws,
and not of men.
 The presence of elections through popular will.
 The observance of the principle of separation of powers and the
system of checks and balances.
 The observance of the principle that the legislature cannot pass
irreparable laws.
 The observance of the law on public officers .
 The observance of the principle that the State cannot be sued
without its consents.
 Section 1.

Sovereignty of the People

- Sovereignty
 is the supreme power to govern.
 It lies in the hands of the Filipino people who
have the right to choose the type of
government they want and to define the
powers it shall hold and exercise.
 It is their right to abolish their government
and form a new one and organize it in such
form as seems to them best for their welfare
and happiness.
 Section 1.

•Sovereignty is exercised indirectly

Through public officials elected by the people.
Officials appointed by the elected officials.
•Sovereignty is exercised directly
Suffrage.
People’s Participation
1. Multi-Party System
2. Party-list system
3. People’s Organization
4. System of Initiative and Referendum
5. Plebiscite
SECTION 2. The Philippines renounces war as an
instrument of national policy, adopts the generally
accepted principles of international law as part of the
law of the land and adheres to the policy of peace,
equality, justice, freedom, cooperation, and amity with
all nations.

Renunciation of war as instrument of national

policy.
•Philippines cannot declare war on another country
•The country can only declare an existing state of war
 an act of defense
 Section 2.

Adoption of the generally accepted principles of

international law as part of the country’s own law
• International law-body of rules and principles which
govern s the relations of nations and their respective
peoples in their intercourse with one another.
•“Doctrine of Incorporation”-the commitment of the
state to international laws
When international usage to be applied
A treaty has force of a statute
Constitution prevails over a treaty
 Section 2.

Adherence to the policy of peace, equality, justice,

freedom, cooperation, and amity with all nations.
•Philippines seek peace and unity with the neighboring
countries all over the world regardless of race,
ideology, and political system on the basis of mutual
trust, respect and cooperation.
 Section 2.
Adherence to the policy of peace,
equality, justice, freedom, cooperation,
and amity with all nations.
It supports the rights of other countries in terms of
equality, freedom and justice in their relations with
one another and the policies of peaceful
negotiations, and opposes the use of force, threat
of force, in the relations with other countries.
 SECTION 3

Civilian authority is at all times, supreme over the

military. The Armed Forces of the Philippines is the
protector of the people and the State. Its goal is to secure
the sovereignty of the State and the integrity of the
national territory.

Supremacy of the Civilian Authority

The President is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces of
the Philippines,
 The army, the navy, the air force, and the
marines.
 The appointment of the high ranking officials is
vested in the President.
 Section 3.

Armed Forces: Protector of the State

•Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP)
•Its goals is to discharge the function of being
the protector of:
The sovereignty of the State
Integrity of our National Territory
 SECTION 4

The prime duty of the Government is to serve and

protect the people. The Government may call upon the
people to defend the State and, in the fulfillment
thereof, all citizens may be required, under conditions
provided by law, to render person military or civil
service.
1. Economic Development
2. Unemployment
3. Mass Poverty
4. The government exists for the people
5. Defense of the State as the prime duties of the citizen.
 SECTION 5

The maintenance of peace and order, the protection of

life, liberty, and property, and promotion of the general
welfare are essential for the enjoyment by all the people
of the blessings of democracy.

Peace and Order

•Duty of the government to maintain peace and order.
Through making laws
Enforcing laws
Promote the general welfare
SECTION 6. The Separation of Church and State
are inviolable.

•The government shall not favor any religion, support them using
public funds ,or even establish or set up a church.
•The Church should not get involved in political issues or matters.

ESTABLISHMENT OF RELIGION CLAUSE

•The State shall have no official religion.
•The State cannot set up a church.
•Everyone has the freedom to profess their belief or disbelief in
any religion.
 Section 6.

•Every religious minister is free to practice his calling.

•The State cannot punish a person for entertaining or
professing religious beliefs or disbeliefs.
•The command that Church and the state be separate
does not mean hostility towards religion .
Preamble
Other provisions/laws