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Defence
Introduction
The Government of India is responsible for ensuring the defence of India and every part thereof. The
Supreme Command of the Armed Forces vests in the President. The responsibility for national defence
rests with the Cabinet.
This is discharged through the Ministry of Defence, which provides the policy framework and
wherewithal to the Armed Forces to discharge their responsibilities in the context of the defence of the
country. The Raksha Mantri (Defence Minister) is the head of the Ministry of Defence.
The principal task of the Defence Ministry is to obtain policy directions of the Government on all defence
and security related matters and communicate them for implementation to the Services Headquarters,
Inter-Services Organisations, Production Establishments and Research and Development Organisations. It
is also required to ensure effective implementation of the Government's policy directions and the
execution of approved programmes within the allocated resources. Ministry of Defence comprises of four
Departments viz. Department of Defence (DOD), Department of Defence Production (DDP), Department of
Defence Research & Development (DDR&D) and Department of Ex-Servicemen Welfare and also Finance
Division

Organisational Set-Up And Functions

After independence Ministry of Defence was created under the charge of a Cabinet Minister, and, each
Service was placed under its own Commander-in-Chief. In 1955, the Commanders-in-Chief were renamed
as the Chief of the Army Staff, the Chief of the Naval Staff and the Chief of the Air Staff. In November 1962,
a Department of Defence Production was set up to deal with research, development and production of
defence equipment. In November 1965, the Department of Defence Supplies was created for planning and
execution of schemes for import substitution of defence requirements. These two Departments were later
merged to form the Department of Defence Production and Supplies. ¬ In 2004, the name of Department
of Defence Production and Supplies was changed to Department of Defence Production. In 1980, the
Department of Defence Research and Development was created. In 2004, the Department of Ex-
Servicemen Welfare was created.
The Defence Secretary functions as head of the Department of Defence and is additionally responsible for
co-ordinating the activities of the four Departments in the Ministry.
Departments
The principal task of the Ministry is to frame policy directions on defence and security related matters
and communicate them for implementation to the Services Headquarters, Inter-Service Organisations,
Production Establishments and Research & Development Organisations. It is required to ensure effective
implementation of the Government's policy directions and the execution of approved programmes within
the allocated resources.
The principal functions of all the Departments are as follows:
The Department of Defence: The Department of Defence deals with the Integrated Defence Staff (IDS)
and three Services and various Inter-Service Organisations. It is also responsible for the Defence Budget,
establishment matters, defence policy, matters relating to Parliament, defence co-operation with foreign
countries and co-ordination of all defence related activities.

The Department of Military Affairs: It is responsible for managing the armed forces of India, namely,
the Army, the Navy and the Air Force. It is also responsible for the Territorial Army. It is headed by
the Chief of Defence Staff as its secretary. It deals with procurement exclusive to the Indian Armed Forces
except capital acquisitions. It is designed to promote jointness among the military services of India. This
department was approved on 24 December 2019 and the responsibilities notified by Cabinet Secretariat
order on 30 December 2019.
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The Department of Defence Production: The Department of Defence Production is headed by a

Secretary and deals with matters pertaining to defence production, indigenisation of imported stores,
equipment and spares, planning and control of departmental production units of the Ordnance Factory
Board and Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs).
The Department of Defence Research and Development: The Department of Defence Research and
Development is headed by a Secretary. Its function is to advise the Government on scientific aspects of
military equipment and logistics and the formulation of research, design and development plans for
equipment required by the Services.
The Department of Ex-Servicemen Welfare: The Department of Ex-Servicemen Welfare is headed by a
Secretary and deals with all resettlement, welfare and pensionary matters of Ex-Servicemen.

DEFENCE PROCUREMENT ORGANISATION

- DEFENCE ACQUISITIONS COUNCIL (DAC)
- DEFENCE PROCUREMENT BOARD (DPB)
- DEFENCE PRODUCTION BOARD
- DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT BOARD
- ACQUISITION WING

Introduction
Pursuant to the recommendations made by the Group of Ministers on Reforming the National Security
System in February 2001, a separate, dedicated structure for Defence Procurement is being set up. It is
expected to lead to better time cost management in the acquisition process, build up institutional memory
and help obtain better value for money. The new arrangement would ensure closer participation by the
Armed Forces in the entire process of decision making leading to higher operational efficiency, better co-
ordination and flow of information.
This revised concept will be brought into effect for all activities commencing Financial Year 2002-03.

DEFENCE ACQUISITIONS COUNCIL (DAC)

A Defence Acquisitions Council has been created as an overarching structure with the following
composition:-
Chairman: Raksha Mantri (RM)
Members:
- Raksha Rajya Mantris (RRMs)
- Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) (when appointed)
- Chief of Army Staff (COAS)
- Chief of Naval Staff (CNS)
- Chief of Air Staff (CAS)
- Defence Secretary
- Secretary Dept. of Defence Production and Supplies
- Secretary, Defence Research and Development
- Secretary, Defence Finance
- Vice Chief of Defence Staff (when appointed)/CISC
- Special Secretary (Acquisition)

Member Secretary: Dy. Chief of Defence Staff (PP&FD)

FUNCTIONS
The DAC will perform the following functions:
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- Give ‘in principle’ approval to Capital acquisitions in the Long Term Perspective Plan (LTPP)
covering a 15-year time span at the beginning of a Five Year Plan period. (The approval will, in
particular, identify the ‘Make’ projects in the Perspective Plan where long gestation periods are
involved).
- Give ‘in principle’ acceptance of necessity to each Capital acquisition project for incorporation in
the forthcoming Five Year Plan, at least nine months before the commencement of the first year
of that plan.
- Monitor the progress of major projects on a feedback from the Defence Procurement Board. The
DAC will meet as required. The approval in principle should be seen as first step in the process of
‘acceptance of necessity’ by the concerned Administrative Wing in MoD in consultation with
Defence(Finance) and as a recommendation for eventual consideration of FM/CCS (as required).

The decision of RM based on DAC deliberations will flow down from implementation to Defence
Procurement Board, Defence Production Board and Defence R&D Board.

DEFENCE PROCUREMENT BOARD (DPB)

The DPB is constituted as follows:
Chairman: Defence Secretary
Members:
- Secretary, Dept. of Defence Production and Supplies
- Secretary, Defence Research and Development
- Secretary, Defence Finance
- Vice Chief of Defence Staff (VCDS)/CISC till VCDS is appointed.
- Vice Chief of Army Staff (VCOAS)
- Vice Chief of Naval Staff (VCNS)
- Vice Chief of Air Staff (VCAS)
- Special Secretary (Acquisition)

Member Secretary: Financial Advisor (Acquisition)

DGQA/ DGAQA will attend meetings as special invitees as required. DCOAS (P&S), ACAS (P) and ACNS
(P&P) will attend meetings related to their respective Integrated HQs’ acquisition proposals. The Board
may co-opt other Principal Staff Officers (PSOs) and any other person(s) as required.
FUNCTIONS
The DPB will oversee all activities related to acquisition on the capital account in the Department of
Defence flowing out of the ‘Buy’ and ‘Buy & Make’ decisions of the DAC. It will function as the body
responsible for the co-ordination, supervision and monitoring of the acquisition process.
The major roles and functions of the DPB will be:
- Set out the Annual Acquisition Plan for the three Services (based on approval of the Five Years
Capital Acquisition Plan by DAC) for incorporation in the next Annual Budget by 30 Sep of each
year.
- Carrying out such amendments in the annual plan as deemed necessary on account of
operational urgencies, budgetary provisions or any other exigencies, based on recommendations
made by Integrated Services HQs/ Defence Staff/DoD/Defence (Finance)
- Confirm/modify the inter-se and intra-se priorities of acquisition proposals of the Services and
recommend modifications for approval by RM in the pattern of resource sharing on the Capital
- account related to acquisition of weapons, equipment and weapon systems among the Services.

DEFENCE PRODUCTION BOARD

The Defence Production Board is constituted as follows:
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Chairman : Secretary DP&S

Members :
- Defence Secretary
- Secretary, Defence Research and Development
- Secretary Defence Finance
- Vice Chief of Defence Staff (VCDS) / CISC till VCDS is appointed.
- Vice Chief of Army Staff (VCOAS)
- Vice Chief of Naval Staff (VCNS)
- Vice Chief of Air Staff (VCAS)
- Chairman, Ordnance Factories Board
- CMD of Defence Public Sector Undertaking (as required)

Member Secretary: Director (P&C) in the Deptt. of Def. Prod. & Supplies (DDP&S) DCOAS (P&S), ACNS (P
& P) and ACAS (P) and other PSOs/APSOs will be co-opted, when required.
FUNCTIONS
- The Defence Production Board will oversee all activities related to indigenous manufacture,
under the Department of Defence Production, flowing from the ‘Buy & Make’ and ‘Make’
decisions of the DAC concerning import and Transfer of Technology (ToT).
- Price Negotiations for all ‘Buy and Make’ projects will be led by the Acquisition Wing supported
by DDP&S
- The Production Board will monitor progress of all ‘Make’ projects and will revert to the DAC with
recommendations relating to alterations of the original decision where so warranted.
- The Defence Production Board will provide requisite details to the Defence Acquisitions Council
in the latter’s deliberations on Licensed Production, Transfer of Technology, and ab-initio
production/development, as required.

DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT BOARD

The Defence Research & Development Board is constituted as follows:
Chairman : Secretary Defence Research and Development
Members :
- Defence Secretary
- Secretary Defence Production and Supplies
- Secretary Defence Finance
- Vice Chief of Defence Staff (VCDS) /CISC till VCDS is appointed.
- Vice Chief of Army Staff (VCOAS)
- Vice Chief of Naval Staff (VCNS)
- Vice Chief of Air Staff (VCAS)
- Distinguished Scientist/Chief Controller Research & Development/Director – Lab, as required.

Member Secretary: Chief Controller Research & Development DCOAS (P&S), ACNS (P & P) and ACAS (P)
and other PSOs will be co-opted, when required.
FUNCTIONS
- The Research and Development Board will progress, monitor and report on all indigenous R&D
proposals flowing out of the ‘Buy & Make’ decisions of the DAC. In pursuing these objectives, the
R&D Board will liase closely with the Production Board and Service users.
- The R&D Board will recommend suitable technology evaluation and assessment process and
‘Laboratory to Induction’ planning process for the approval of RM.
- The Board will be responsible for providing Project specific recommendations for ‘Design –
Production – Induction’ planning process for the approval of RM.
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ACQUISITION WING
The Acquisition Wing, headed by Special Secretary (Acquisition), will handle all matters concerning
Defence acquisition of a capital nature. It would have an integrated set-up with officers presently
functioning in different capacities in the Deptt. of Defence, Finance Division and Service HQrs, working
together as a close knit team.
The Acquisition Wing will consist of four Divisions, namely Land, Maritime, Air Force and Systems
Divisions dealing with Army, Navy and Air Force, and a Systems Division responsible for systems having
tri-Service applicability and medical equipment respectively.
Each of the Divisions will have Acquisition Manager, a Joint Secretary level officer and Technical Manager,
a Service Officer of 2-Star rank, and a Finance Manager, an Additional F.A. level officer from the Finance
Division.
Special Secretary (Acquisition) will be assisted by Financial Adviser (Acquisition) drawn from Defence
(Finance). FA (Acquisition) will function as Integrated Financial Adviser to the Special Secretary
(Acquisition).
The details of the process of acquisition are being formulated afresh. The Defence Procurement
Procedure of 1992, as modified, will be followed in the interregnum. The acquisition process shall,
broadly, have the following steps:
1. Preparation of Qualitative Requirements (QRs) for equipment featuring in the Long Term Perspective
Plan (LTPP)
2. Inviting Tender Proposals with pre-determined Qualitative Requirements (QRs).
3. Equipment Evaluation Trials, whenever required.
4. Selection of vendor on the basis of competitive tendering.
5. Establishing Equipment Induction Cells for major/complex programmes.
6. Opening of Commercial bids
7. Contract /Price Negotiations
8. Approvals at appropriate levels.
The detailed process of procurement is being developed and will be put on the web in due course. A
system of ‘Oversight’ is also being developed.

Chiefs of Staff Committee

"Chiefs of Staff are the authority for advising the Defence Minister and normally through him the
Cabinet Committee on Political Affairs on all military matters which require ministerial
consideration". The Integrated Defence Staff is '"the principal arm and Secretariat to the Chiefs
of Staff Committee.
Composition
The Chiefs of Staff Committee is composed of:
(a) Chief of the Army Staff (COAS);
(b) Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS);
(c) Chief of the Air Staff (CAS);
(d) Chief of Integrated Defence Staff (CIDS) (non-voting member).
The Scientific Adviser to the Minister of Defence is invited to attend whenever needed.
The senior most member of the COSC is appointed its chairperson. General Bipin Rawat is the
current head of COSC.
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Strategic Information Services/Tactical Intelligence Division

SIS/TID is a highly classified division within the walls of Ministry of Defence under the
Government of India. Very limited information is available for this division.
Role
The responsibility for national defence "rests with the Cabinet, which is discharged through the
Ministry of Defence, which provides the policy framework and wherewithal to the Armed
Forces to discharge their responsibilities in the context of the defence of the country. The
Raksha Mantri (Defence Minister) is the head of the Ministry of Defence.
The Defence Ministry is responsible for "obtaining policy directions of the Government on all
defence and security related matters" and communicating these directions to "Services
Headquarters, Inter-Services Organisations, Production Establishments and Research and
Development Organisations". The MoD works closely with the National Security
Council, Ministry of External Affairs and the Ministry of Home Affairs.
Chiefs of the tri-services and Defence Staff
In 1955, the title of Commander-in-Chief was abolished and the three service chiefs were
designated as the Chief of the Army Staff, the Chief of the Naval Staff and the Chief of the Air
Staff. The heads of the three services of Indian Armed Forces are:

• Chief of Defence Staff — General Bipin Rawat

• Chief of the Army Staff — General Manoj Mukund Naravane
• Chief of the Naval Staff — Admiral Karambir Singh
• Chief of the Air Staff — Air Chief Marshal Rakesh Kumar Singh Bhadauria

Indian Army
The Indian Army is a voluntary service, the military draft having never been imposed in India. It is one of
the largest standing armies (and the largest standing volunteer army) in the world, with 1,237,117 active
troops and 960,000 reserve troops. The force is headed by the Chief of Army Staff of the Indian
Army, General Manoj Mukund Naravane. The highest rank in the Indian Army is Field Marshal, but it is a
largely ceremonial rank and appointments are made by the President of India, on the advice of the Union
Cabinet of Ministers, only in exceptional circumstances.

Indian Navy
The Indian Navy is the naval branch of the Indian armed forces. With 58,350 men and women,
including 7,000 personnel of the Indian Naval Air Arm, 1,200 Marine Commandos
(MARCOS) and 1,000 personnel of the Sagar Prahari Bal.The Indian Navy is one of the world's
largest naval forces and aspires to develop into a blue water navy. The Indian Navy has a large
operational fleet consisting of 2 aircraft carriers, 1 amphibious transport dock, 9 Landing ship
tanks, 10 destroyers, 14 frigates, 1 nuclear-powered attack submarine, 14 conventionally-
powered attack submarines, 24 corvettes, 6 mine countermeasure vessels, 25 patrol vessels,
4 fleet tankers and various auxiliary vessels.

Indian Air Force

The Indian Air Force is the air arm of the Indian armed forces. Its primary responsibility is to
secure Indian airspace and to conduct aerial warfare during a conflict. It was officially
established on 8 October 1932 as an auxiliary air force of the British Raj and the
prefix Royal was added in 1945 in recognition of its services during World War II. After India
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achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947, the Royal Indian Air Force served
the Dominion of India, with the prefix being dropped when India became a republic in 1950. The
Indian Air Force plays a crucial role in securing Indian airspace and also in India's power
projection in South Asia and Indian Ocean. Therefore, modernising and expanding the Indian Air
Force is a top priority for the Indian government. Over the years, the IAF has grown from a
tactical force to one with transoceanic reach. The strategic reach emerges from induction of
Force Multipliers like Flight Refuelling Aircraft (FRA), Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and
credible strategic lift capabilities.

Nuclear weapons
India's Strategic Nuclear Command controls its land-based nuclear warheads, while the navy
controls the ship and submarine based missiles and the air force the air-based warheads. India's
nuclear warheads are deployed in five areas:

1. Ship based mobile, like the Dhanush. (operational)

2. Land-based mobile, like the Agni. (operational)
3. Fixed underground silos (operational)
4. Submarine based, like the Sagarika. (operational)
5. Air-based warheads of the Indian Air Forces' strategic bomber force like the Dassault Mirage
2000 and the Jaguar (operational)

Land-based nuclear armed ballistic missiles

Name Type Range (km) Status

Prithvi-I Short-range ballistic missile 150

Prithvi-II Short-range ballistic missile 250–350

Prithvi-
Short-range ballistic missile 350–600
III
Deployed

Agni-I Short / Medium-range ballistic missile 700–1,250

Agni-II Medium-range ballistic missile 2,000–3,000

Agni-III Intermediate-range ballistic missile 3,500–5,000

Agni-IV Intermediate-range ballistic missile 4,000 km

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Intermediate / Intercontinental ballistic missile and Tested

Agni-V 5,000–8,000
MIRV successfully

Under
Agni-VI Intercontinental ballistic missile and MIRV 8,000–12,000
development

12,000–
Surya Intercontinental ballistic missile and MIRV Unconfirmed
16,000

Sea-based nuclear armed ballistic missiles

Name Type Range (km/mi) Status

Dhanush Short-range ballistic missile 350 km (220 mi) Operational

Sagarika (K-15) Submarine-launched ballistic missile 700 km (430 mi) Operational

K-4 Submarine-launched ballistic missile 3,500 km (2,200 mi) Tested

Nuclear Armed cruise Missiles:

BrahMos:
The BrahMos is a Mach 3 Supersonic Cruise Missile developed in collaboration with Russia. Its
land attack and anti-ship variants are in service with the Indian Army and Indian Navy. Sub-
Launched and Air Launched variants are under development or testing.

- BrahMos II: The BrahMos II is a Mach 7 Hypersonic Cruise Missile being developed in
collaboration with Russia.
Nirbhay:
The Nirbhay is a Long Range Sub-Sonic Cruise Missile. This Missile has a range of over 1,000
kilometres (620 mi).

Other missiles
Akash:
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The Aakash is a medium-range, mobile surface-to-air missile defence system. The missile
system can target aircraft up to 30 kilometres (19 mi) away, at altitudes up to 18,000 metres
(20,000 yd)
Nag:
The Nag is a third generation "Fire-and-forget" anti-tank missile developed in India. It is one of
five missile systems developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
under the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP).
Helena:
The Helena is a variant of the NAG Missile to be launched from a helicopter. It will be
structurally different from the Nag.
Shaurya:
The Shaurya is a canister launched hypersonic surface-to-surface tactical missile with a range
more than 750 kilometres (470 mi). It provides the potential to strike an adversary in the short-
intermediate range.
Prahaar:
The Prahaar is a solid-fuelled surface-to-surface guided short-range tactical ballistic missile.
Astra:
The Astra is a "Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air Missile" (BVRAAM) developed for the Indian Air
Force.

Missile Defence Programme

India's missile defence network has two principal components – the Air Defence Ground
Environment System (ADGES) and the Base Air Defence Zones (BADZ). The ADGES network
provides for wide area radar coverage and permits the detection and interception of most aerial
incursions into Indian airspace. The BADZ system is far more concentrated
with radars, interceptors, surface-to-air missiles (SAMs) and anti-aircraft artillery (AAA) units
working together to provide an intense and highly effective defensive barrier to attacks on vital
targets.
Ballistic missile defence
- The Ballistic Missile Defence Program is an initiative to develop and deploy a multi-
layered ballistic missile defence system to protect India from ballistic missile attacks.
- Introduced in light of the ballistic missile threat from Pakistan, it is a double-tiered
system consisting of two interceptor missiles, namely the Prithvi Air Defence
(PAD) missile for high-altitude interception, and the Advanced Air Defence
(AAD) Missile for lower altitude interception. The two-tiered shield should be able to
intercept any incoming missile launched 5,000 kilometres (3,100 mi) away.
- PAD was tested in November 2006, followed by AAD in December 2007. With the test of
the PAD missile, India became the fourth country to have successfully developed an anti-
ballistic missile system, after the United States, Russia and Israel
- India is reported to have procured a squadron of S-300V systems which are in use as an
anti-tactical ballistic missile screen.
Cruise missile defence
- Barak-8 is a long-range anti-air and anti-missile naval defence system being developed
jointly by Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) and the Defence Research and Development
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Organisation (DRDO) of India. The Indian Army is considering the induction of a variant
of the Barak 8 missile to meet its requirement for a medium-range surface-to-air air
defence missile.
- The naval version of this missile has the capability to intercept incoming enemy cruise
missiles and combat jets targeting its warships at sea. It would also be inducted into the
Indian Air Force, followed by the Army. Recently developed, India's Akash missile
defence system also has the capability to "neutralise aerial targets like fighter jets, cruise
missiles and air-to-surface missiles".
- Both the Barak-8 and the Akash missile defence systems can engage multiple targets
simultaneously during saturation attacks.
S-400 Triumf
- In October 2018, India inked an agreement with Russia for US$5.43 billion to purchase
five S-400 Triumf surface-to-air missile defence systems.

India’s Defence Agreements with some major countries:

USA
The U.S. has four "foundational" agreements that it signs with its defence partners.
- The first of the four agreements, the General Security Of Military Information Agreement
(GSOMIA), was signed by India and the U.S. in 2002. The agreement enables the sharing
of military intelligence between the two countries and requires each country to protect
the others' classified information.
- The second agreement, the Logistics Exchange Memorandum of Agreement (LEMOA),
was signed by the two countries on 29 August 2016. The LEMOA permits the military of
either country to use the others' bases for re-supplying or carrying out repairs. The
agreement does not make the provision of logistical support binding on either country,
and requires individual clearance for each request.
- The third agreement, Communications Compatibility and Security Agreement
(COMCASA) was signed during the inaugural 2+2 dialogue in September 2018. It is an
India-specific variant of Communications and Information Security Memorandum of
Agreement (CISMOA) that enables the two countries to share secure communication
and exchange information on approved equipment during bilateral and multinational
training exercises and operations.
- The fourth agreement, Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement (BECA) has not yet
been signed. It permits the exchange of unclassified and controlled unclassified
geospatial products, topographical, nautical, and aeronautical data, products and
services between India and the US National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA).
JAPAN
- 2016 nuclear deal: In November 2016, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi on a
three-day visit to Japan signed a deal with his counterpart Shinzo Abe on nuclear energy.
The deal took six years to negotiate, delayed in part by the 2011 Fukushima nuclear
disaster. This is the first time that Japan signed such deal with a non-signatory of Non-
Proliferation Treaty. The deal gives Japan the right to supply nuclear
reactors, fuel and technology to India. This deal aimed to help India build the six nuclear
reactors in southern India, increasing nuclear energy capacity ten-fold by 2032.
RUSSIA
India and Russia have several major joint military programmes including:
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• BrahMos cruise missile programme

• 5th generation fighter jet programme
• Sukhoi Su-30MKI programme (230+ to be built by Hindustan Aeronautics)
• Ilyushin/HAL Tactical Transport Aircraft
• KA-226T twin-engine utility helicopters
• some frigates
Between 2013 and 2018, Russia accounted for 62% of arms sales to India, down from 79% between 2008
and 2012)
Additionally, India has purchased/leased various military hardware from Russia:

• S-400 Triumf (purchase pending)

• Kamov Ka-226 200 to be made in India under the Make in India initiative.
• T-90S Bhishma with over 1000 to be built in India
• Akula-II nuclear submarine (2 to be leased with an option to buy when the lease expires)
• INS Vikramaditya aircraft carrier programme
• Tu-22M3 bombers (4 ordered, not delivered)
• US$900 million upgrade of MiG-29
• Mil Mi-17 (80 ordered) more in Service.
• Ilyushin Il-76 Candid (6 ordered to fit Israeli Phalcon radar)
• The Farkhor Air Base in Tajikistan is currently jointly operated by Indian Air Force and Tajikistan Air
Force.

Ministers
MoD is headed by the Minister of Defence, who is supported by one, or more than one,
minister of state.

Minister Designation Portfolio

Rajnath Singh Minister of Defence Overall responsibility.

Shripad Yesso Minister of State for Charter of duties includes secondary logistic and
Naik Defence administrative functions.

Senior Officials
There are about 400,000 defence civilians, under the MOD including Ministry of
Finance personnel US$8.8 billion in 2019) of which about 36 per cent was on account of defence
civilians.
Finance Division
The Finance Division of the Ministry of Defence is headed by the Financial Adviser (Defence
Services). He or she exercises financial control over proposals involving expenditure from the
Defence Budget and is responsible for the internal audit and accounting of defence expenditure.
In the latter tasks, he or she is assisted by the Controller General of Defence Accounts.
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LIST OF JOINT DEFENSE EXERCISES OF INDIA WITH DIFFERENT

COUNTRIES

A military exercise or war game is the employment of military resources in training for military
operations, either exploring the effects of warfare or testing strategies without actual combat. This also
serves the purpose of ensuring the combat readiness of garrisoned or deployable forces prior to
deployment from home base / home station. Following is a List of Joint Defence Exercises of India with
different countries:

INDIA + XYZ Army Navy Air Force

ASEAN + Force 18

Australia AUSTRA HIND AUSINDEX / KAKADU

Bangladesh Sampriti

Hand in hand
China And Chang Thang
Him Vijay

France Shakti Varuna GARUDA

Indonesia GARUDA SHAKT IND-INDO CORPAT

And
Samudra Shakti

Malabar (India, Japan

Japan Dharma Guardian and the USA), Sahyog-
Kaijin

Prabal Dostyk and

Kazakhstan
KAZIND

Kyrgyzstan Khanjar

Maldives Ekuverin

Nomadic Elephant /
Mongolia
KHAN QUEST
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Surya Kiran
Nepal
(BIANNUAL)

AL NAGAH
Oman Naseem Al Bahr Eastern Bridge-IV
(SUCCESS)

Russia Indra INDRA NAV AVIAINDRA-14

Seychelles LAMITYE

Ex AGNI WARRIOR
JOINT MILITARY
Singapore SIMBEX
Ex BOLD TRAINING
KURUKHESTRA

South Africa, Brazil IBSAMAR

Sri Lanka Mitra Shakti SLINEX

Maitree / COBRA
INDO-THAI CORPAT
Thailand GOLD (Observer SIAM BHARAT
(Bi-annual)
Plus)

UAE Desert Eagle-II

IndraDhanush -IV
Ajeya Warrior /
UK Konkan
VAJRA PRAHAR
or “Rainbow”.

YudhAbhyas/
Malabar RIMPAC
USA Cope/ Red Flag
(Multilateral)
Tiger Triumph

ADMM+ Exercise
Brunei
(Multilateral)

Malaysia MAITREE ARF DIREx

Myanmar IMBEX IMCOR

Maldives Ekuverin

Za’ir-Al-Bahr (Roar
Qatar
of the Sea)
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Uzbekistan Dustlik

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