Energy

Oil/oil sands

What are the Canadian oil sands? The Canadian oil sands in Alberta, Canada are a large source of
bitumen.

What is it used for? Petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil, heating oil, fuel oil, lubricants, waxen, asphalt,
natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas.

Does it have an effect on the environment? Oil production in Alberta causes deforestation because the
oil is underground and the forests are on top so companies takedown whole forests to dig for oil.

Oil production accounts for 5% of Canada’s greenhouse gases.

Toxic tailing ponds are manmade ponds that all the dirty water used for oil is thrown in the ponds, those
ponds leak into the earth and cause climate change. Animals as big as mouse have drinked from the
toxic tailing ponds.

If all the bitumen in the oil sands would be burned 240 billion metric tonnes of carbon would be added
to the atmosphere.

Heavy water use and in most cases its freshwater.

What would happen if we ran out? If we ran out and if there were no other solutions like solar energy,
all items that use oil would come to an end. Most transports and manufacturing would stop. Food
production would stop, because it could not get from place to place. So people would starve to death
and the people that worked in the oil industry would not have a job so they would not have money so
they could not buy food.

Who are the suppliers? #1 Suncor Energy inc, #2Enbridge, Inc, #3Imperial Oil, Ltd,
#4Canadian Natural Resources, Ltd, #5 TransCanada Corporation.

Who are the buyers? 97% of the exports are to the USA, 2000 barrels a day.

They are mostly transported via a network of pipelines to the USA.

Also oil is transported to Asia via pipelines from the oil sands of Alberta to BC then it’s shipped to Asia
on oil tankers.

Where is it located? Canada has oil primarily in Alberta, Saskatchewan and offshore Newfoundland and
Labrador without counting the oil sands.

How much supply do we have left? As of 2015 it’s estimated the oil sands have 172 billion barrels of oil.

When will we run out? Yes we will, scientists say that the oil sands will last till about 2105
What is the economic benefit?

151 000 direct jobs (2015)

They double when indirect jobs (2015)

Almost every rejoin in Canada is stimulated by the oil sands

4 trillion dollars will be contributed to the Canadian economy over the next 19 years just from the oil
sands.

23 billion dollars was added into the Canadian economy in 2016.

It’s a big part of the trade with the USA.

The oil sands industry contributes to government revenues through corporate, personnel income and
property taxes, land sells, royalties and other coasts also contribute to the Canadian economy.

How was it made? Oil was made millions of years ago by the remains of animals, plants and bacteria.
They absorbed energy from the sun witch was stored as carbon molecules, after they died they sank to
the bottom heat and pressure began to rise and that creates oil or natural gas

Facts

Tar sands are a very thick version of naturally occurring oil, at normal temperatures it is not a liquid.

170 billion barrels of oil are to be recovered from tar sands, plus 1.63 trillion barrels worth underground.

The Canadian oil reserves are in 3erd place.

95-97% of the oil reserves are in the oil sands.

2.3 million barrels of oil are produced per day.

For $1 spent $8 are recovered.

In Alberta there are 3 major oil sand deposits. Bitumen = A type of unconventional petroleum deposits

http://www.capp.ca/canadian-oil-and-natural-gas/oil-sands/what-are-oil-sands

http://www.alliantenergykids.com/EnergyBasics/AllAboutNaturalGas/000511

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Canada
 http://environment-ecology.com/energy-and-environment/92-how-does-oil-impact-the-
environment.html

https://www.reference.com/science/oil-affect-environment-a687959e9bdc297

http://oilcare.org.uk/what-we-do/impacts-of-oil

http://oilsandstruth.org/

http://www.investopedia.com/articles/markets/082615/5-biggest-canadian-

http://onthisspot.ca/oseconomics.html

http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/publications/18756

Natural gas

What is it used for? Natural gas is used as a source of heating, cooking, electricity generation, fuel for
vehicles and a chemical feedstock in plastic manufacturing.

Does it have an effect on the environment? Kind of because it is not a renewable energy source and its
primary compound is methane, and methane is a greenhouse gas, so if natural gas leaks without being
burned it is a greenhouse gas. But natural gas is the cleanest of all fossil fuels. It also releases very low
amounts of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides and almost no ash or particulate matter and small levels
of carbon dioxide/monoxide.

What would happen if we ran out? It is practically impossible to run out of natural gas say scientists
because there is so much.

Who are the suppliers? #1 Canadian natural resources ltd, #2 Husky Energy Inc., Cenouves Energy Inc.,
#4 Encana corporation, Arc resources ltd.

Who are the buyers? The majority of Canadas exports of natural gas are to the USA but it also exports to
other countries.

Where is it located? Natural gas is located in BC, Alberta, Quebec, Nova Scotia and the Northwest
Territories.

How much supply do we have left? 58.2 trillion cubic feet was measured in 2006

When will we run out? We probably won’t because there is so much abundance of natural gas that it
would be hard to use it all.
What is the economic benefit? The economic benefit of natural gas is that it creates lots of jobs and
taxes and royalties have to be paid to the provincial and federal governments from companies.

It is forecasted that the natural gas industry will generate $2.3 trillion in economic impact over the next
20 years.

Employment (direct, indirect and induced) from natural gas activity was 250,000 in 2015 and forecast to
grow to almost 650,000 in 2035.

Taxes paid to the federal and provincial governments from the upstream natural gas industry will total
$405 billion over the next 20 years. (Source: CERI)

How was it made? Natural gas was made millions of years ago by the remains of animals, plants and
bacteria they absorbed energy from the sun witch was stored as carbon molecules, after they died they
sank to the bottom heat and pressure began to rise and that creates oil or natural gas

Facts

Natural gas is one of the cleanest burning fossil fuels

About 68 per cent of Canada’s natural gas production is from Alberta.

The first natural gas well was drilled in 1883 in a field near Medicine Hat, Alberta
Hydropower

What is it used for? Hydroelectric power is used to power homes offices factories hospitals and schools.

Does it have an effect on the environment? Hydropower is a an okay source of energy because it does
not pollute the water of the air but when a dam for example is built it can disrupt fishes migration
,water flow water temperature, harms native plants and animals inside and outside of the water

Who are the suppliers? Some of the biggest suppliers are: Fortis BC Inc., international surface
technology, duperon litostr power, Aecon

Who are the buyers? The US is the biggest buyer of Canada’s hydropower, buying over ¾ of hydro of
nuclear power.

Where is it located? The hydropower mostly comes from Quebec, Manitoba Ontario and BC and
Newfoundland

How much supply do we have left? Hydropower is a renewable source of energy so it will last us a very
long time.

What is the economic benefit? The are a lot of economic benefits but the most important is that it has
created a total of 135 000 jobs and it contributed to 37 billion to Canadas GDP

Why does Canada generate most of its energy from hydropower? First of there is a lot of water in
Canadian land, the stations last a long time, the electricity is clean and renewable, it is the most efficient
source of energy.

Facts

Canada has a lot of undeveloped potential if it was used to its fullest it would be 2x the power.

Hydropower does not pollute the water or the air.

It is one of the oldest power sources on the planet.

It is the leading source of energy in Canada.