Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Woodworker's Journal - Fall 2013 (gnv64) PDF
Woodworker's Journal - Fall 2013 (gnv64) PDF
WOODTURNING
Woodworker's Journal SIP
Guide to
Woodturnin
g!
Woodturning Projects & Techniques
• Choosing a Lathe
• Turning Green Wood
• Jam Chuck Turning
$9.99US $10.99CAN
• Textures and Patterns
• How to Turn Pens
• Friction Polish
Display Until December 3, 2013
115 VOLT POWER DUST COLLECTION ACCU-FENCE
Wired to bring performance to Uniquely designed system Legendary Powermatic innovation
any shop. maximizes efficiency. and reliability.
VISIT: POWERMATIC.COM
TO LEARN MORE
©2013 Walter Meier (Manufacturing) Inc. All Rights Reserved. The color GOLD is a registered trademark of Walter Meier (Manufacturing) Inc.
CALL US NOW FOR MORE DETAILS!
US Importer: www.affnitytool.com 1-800 586 7635
800-230-2360
furnituremedicfranchise.com
© 2011 Furniture Medic Limited Partnership.
All rights reserved.
As with most aspects of woodworking, Spinning a piece of wood and shaping it with a
woodturning requires some hardware. If you’re sharp tool can yield a rich variety of projects.
new to turning, this section’s articles will But, there’s much more finesse to the turning
present you with a “soup to nuts” overview of process than applying sharp blades to chunks
what you need to get started. Whether you’re and billets. In this section, you’ll learn the
choosing your first lathe or sorting out your nuances of turning tiny pen spindles, shaping
“must-have” list of cutting tools and personal green wood into bowls and even turning a ball
safety equipment, our authors share their perfectly round. We’ll also show you how to
tried-and-true, practical advice. keep your turning tools keen and ready.
Getting Started in Woodturning . . . .8-12 How to Turn the Write Stuff . . . . . .32-36
Guide to Choosing a Lathe . . . . . . .14-18 Jam Chuck Turning . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38-41
Hollowing Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20-23 Sharpening Curved Edges . . . . . . . . . .42
Common Misunderstandings . . . . .24-26 Turning Green Wood . . . . . . . . . . . .44-46
Friction Polish — Fast & Friendly . . . .28 Carving Textures into Bowls . . . . . .48-51
4 Table of Contents
Woodturning: Fall 2013
Turned Fishing Lures . . . . . . . . . . . .58-61 Ann Rockler Jackson Founder and CEO
Mary Tzimokas Circulation Director
Japanese Kendama Game . . . . . . .62-67 Laura White Fulfillment Manager
Kelly Rosaaen Circulation Manager
Mastering Turned Eggs . . . . . . . . . .68-71
Advertising Sales
“Counter Cat” Holiday Gifts . . . . . .72-74 David Beckler Advertising Director
dbeckler@woodworkersjournal.com
Shaker Candlestand . . . . . . . . . . . . .76-80
(469) 766-8842 Fax (763) 478-8396
Longworth Bowl Chuck . . . . . . . . . .82-84 Alyssa Tauer Advertising Operations
atauer@woodworkersjournal.com
Coming-of-Age Bottle Opener . . . .86-88
Subscription Inquiries
(800) 765-4119 or
www.woodworkersjournal.com
Websites:
Questions & Answers . . . . . . . . . . .94-96 www.woodworkersjournal.com
www.woodworking.com
Tricks of the Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98 ©2013 Rockler Press Inc., Printed in USA.
W
oodturning might just evening! Even more complex
be the perfect baby- turning projects don’t take as At its heart, woodturning is very
boomer woodworking long to make as a big piece of fur- simple. You really only need
niche. It’s fun and relatively easy, niture does. Think of it as “instant three major components to do
doesn’t take a bunch of room, and gratification” woodworking. remarkable work: something to
you don’t need a big pile of We here at Woodworker’s spin the wood — a lathe; some-
money to get started. And here is Journal know that there are thing to cut the wood — gouges
the kicker: you can turn a project, many woodworkers who are of sufficient quality for the
from start to finish (you know, interested in woodturning, but task; and here is perhaps the
the kind you wipe on) in an they have yet to make the move biggest stopper for some folks ...
(or more likely, moves) to begin something to sharpen those
turning. While there are curved gouges — a super-easy
probably lots of good reasons sharpening system.
why you may not be ready to On these pages, you will find
jump into the turning orbit just our recommendations for simple
yet, don’t let the “big three” road- solutions to meet those three
blocks keep you from joining the basic turning needs. There are,
ranks of satisfied woodturners. of course, many other high
Start out with a benchtop lathe. It will cost you less than a full-size machine while
providing a very capable lathe for general turning. This JET JWL-1220, for example,
will allow you to turn a vessel up to 12" in diameter. It sells for around $550.
There is a Season:
Turn, Turn, Turn! This five-piece turning set from Crown comes pre-sharpened, so they’re ready to use
right out of the box. It is a very serviceable group of tools that will get a beginner
As with any shop upgrade, you can
turning in no time and allow your skills and craft to grow. Rockler Woodworking and
approach it in a variety of ways Ñ Hardware sells the five-piece set for around $228.
buy new, buy used, try out your
buddy’s lathe to get the feel of
turning ... it’s up to you. But if you
are going to start turning wood,
you need a lathe, and it doesn’t
have to be a big one. The JET
JWL-1220 Wood Lathe, for
example, is a mini-lathe with a
3/4hp motor and 12" capacity.
That means you can turn bowls
and other objects up to 12" in
diameter. Small lathes are great
for turning pens, spindles, duck
calls, bowls, flat turning Ñ all the
stuff you can do on a big lathe, just
in smaller scale. You can buy it
new for about $550. If you fall in
love with woodturning, it will
likely not be the last lathe you
buy. But you will probably keep
the mini-lathe around the shop
anyway, even if you step up to a
full-size lathe later on.
The Work Sharp WS3000 is one of the easiest
systems we’ve found to sharpen those tricky
curved-edge gouges. It also does a great job with
flat surfaces. Keep it close to your lathe so you
can sharpen as you turn, just like the pros do it.
www.woodworkersjournal.com 9
It is easier to gauge how the sharpening
process is going if you can see it
happening. That’s the concept behind
the slotted-wheel feature on the
Work Sharp WS3000 Wood Tool
Sharpener. Beginning sharpeners often
find this system especially useful when
it comes to sharpening curved-edge
tools like spindle and bowl gouges.
The Cutting Edge As you progress in woodturn- curved edges has long been one
Now that you have your wood ing, this is one collection of tools of the roadblocks for folks look-
spinning, you’ll need something that will likely grow. While the ing to become woodturners. And
to change its shape. The Crown variety of different turning tools while it is not impossible to learn
Five-piece Turning Set (item is not endless, it is vast, and turn- to sharpen those edges on
27754) from Rockler is a good ers seem to develop strong pref- traditional grinding-wheel style
choice if you are starting out. It erences regarding grind, gouge systems, they can be tricky for
contains full-sized roughing and shape, handle length ... you beginners. The main reason is
spindle gouges, as well as a part- name it. But you’ve got to start that on a grinding wheel system,
ing tool, skew and a round-nose somewhere, and this set is just the edge you are sharpening
scraper — really all the cutting right to get you up and running. is turned down, where it’s
tools you need to get into wood- harder to see. For that reason we
turning in a big way. The steel is Honing In On a Sharp Tool recommend the Work Sharp®
of very good quality and the han- Even if your turning tools are WS3000 Wood Tool Sharpener
dles are sufficient; they could be sharp right out of the box, soon- for start-up turners. It is an abra-
longer, but at around $228 for er or later they will get dull — all sive-paper based system as
the set, this is a very good deal. cutting tools do. Then you have opposed to a grinding-wheel type
An added bonus is that the tools to sharpen them. The challenge system. By using the see-through
come properly ground and well with sharpening turning tools is slotted wheel you can actually
honed. Not only can you start that many of them are not a view the surface you are grind-
turning with them right out of simple flat edge (like a bench ing (see photos, above). This
the box, but you also get a good chisel or a plane iron). Bowl, function allows immediate visual
idea of what a sharp turning spindle and roughing gouges are feedback and enhanced control
edge looks and feels like. cur ved. Sharpening those as you sharpen a gouge. If you
121⁄2" lean & Mean planer 2 hp dust collector 12" baby druM sanders
• Motor: 2 HP, 110V, single-phase, 15A With Aluminum Impeller • Sanding motor: 11⁄2 HP, 110V, single-phase
• Max. cutting width: 121⁄2" • Motor: 2 HP, 240V, single-phase, • Conveyor motor: 1⁄8 HP, 110V, single-phase,
• Max. cutting height: 6" 9A, 3450 RPM variable speed 5–35 FPM
• Max. cutting depth: 3⁄32" • Air suction capacity: • Max. stock thickness: 31⁄2"
wITh
• Min. board thickness: 13⁄64" DoUBLE-SIDED 1550 CFM • Min. stock length: 8"
• Feed rate: 32 FPM kNIvES! • Max. static pressure: 11" • Sanding drum
• Number of knives: • Bag capacity: 5.7 cu. ft. size: 4"
2 double edged HSS • Impeller: 123⁄4" balanced 247570
• Sanding belt:
• Knife size: 121⁄2" x steel, radial fin 3" x 70" hook & loop
23
⁄32" x 1⁄8" • Height w/ bags • Dust collection
• Approx. shipping inflated 78" port: 21⁄2"
weight: 78 lbs. • Portable base: 211⁄4" x 331⁄2" • Approx. shipping
• Approx. shipping weight: 160 lbs.
weight: 122 lbs.
MADE IN TAIWAN 177335
79
$
shipping
lower 48 states
13WWjSIP
FREE CATALOG
764 PAGES
3 GREAT SHOWROOMS! HUGE SELECTION OF HIGH
BELLINGHAM, WA • MUNCY, PA • SPRINGFIELD, MO QUALITY MACHINES & TOOLS
15788
AT INCREDIBLE PRICES
TECHNICAL sErvICE: 570-546-9663 fAx: 800-438-5901
“black out” the grinding surface of turning. They are concerned you spend sharpening, the more
before you start, using a black about not getting the tools sharp time you’ll spend turning.
marker, you can see the metal enough, or maybe too sharp. Do
revealed as you lightly grind the they need to raise a “wire edge” Knock Down the Roadblocks
surface. When the black is all on their tools that they’ve read and Have Fun!
gone, your gouge is sharp and about? The quandaries go on. Getting started in woodturning
ready to take back to the lathe. Perhaps that’s because, as Ian is easier than it seems. Once you
It’s that simple. Kirby is fond of pointing out, get past the three roadblocks
If you turn a lot of wood, you sharpening is not woodworking identified here, you will be spin-
are going to need to get good at ... it is metalworking. So it’s logi- ning stock and making shavings
sharpening your cutting tools. cal why we woodworkers are a in no time. As with any new skill,
Turners sharpen their tools all bit uncomfortable with the task. it is good to learn the basics and
the time. In fact, many experi- The curious thing is that when understand the safety concerns.
enced turners keep their sharp- you talk to experienced turners, One great thing about turning is
ening systems right next to the they don’t get worked up about that it is a forgiving hobby and
lathe. Often they don’t even turn sharpening. It’s something they lends itself well to trial-and-error
off the lathe as they turn to the just have to do. Priced at $200, learning at no great expense.
grinder and put a new edge on the WS3000 is a user-friendly The most important thing to
their tools. One obstacle that system that can get a newbie to keep in mind is the advice
new turners often put in front of that “no big deal” sharpening offered by turning expert, Betty
themselves is that they over- mindset quickly, which is a good Scarpino: “Don’t forget to have
think the sharpening component goal. Remember, the less time some fun!”
Compared to the entire continuum of protect not only your eyes, but also around $15. On the other end of the
woodworking power tools, lathes the rest of your face from flying spectrum is the Trend® Airshield Pro,
(and by extension, woodturning) are chips, chunks and even entire bowls a top-of-the line, power-ventilated
generally considered fairly safe. that may come loose from the lathe and padded face protection system,
With that said, one important piece from time to time. Shields come in a that sells for around $350 (see inset
of safety equipment every wide range of cost and quality. The photo above). Whichever face shield
woodturner should own is a face basic shield, shown on the bench you buy, don’t take chances with
shield. While it may seem too above, is sold by Rockler safety. Wear it whenever you are
obvious to mention, the goal is to Woodworking and Hardware for working at the lathe.
F
or those of you who don’t My current lathe cost more
yet own a lathe, this guide than the car I owned at the
will help to answer ques- time. Ten years ago, following
tions you may not even know my own advice, I bought the
you have. The main point to best lathe I could afford. The
remember is to go ahead and $6,000 I paid has been worth
buy a lathe. Don’t be afraid to every penny in enjoyment and
take the plunge: your first lathe satisfaction. It fits my needs, it
will train you. Besides, most of has abundant capacity for me to
us will own more than one lathe increase the size of my turn-
in our lifetimes. The first lathe ings, and it’s a top quality
is often a “starter” lathe; the machine. Twenty-two years
second is the one you won’t before that, the $1,500 I paid for
want to share with others! my first lathe seemed expen-
sive. I used it extensively and
Counting the Cost happily. At the time it was a
Lathes are priced from a few good lathe for me.
hundred dollars to more than
seven thousand dollars. Needs, Abilities
Generally speaking, you get and Interests
what you pay for. More expen- Lathes are fairly straightfor-
sive lathes are heavier, they run ward machines. There’s not
true, and they are machined so much that can go wrong with
that the parts work and move them, and what does wear out
easily. They are equipped with a or break is easy to fix or replace.
larger spindle size, which If you are handy with fixing and
means they can handle large restoring machines, consider
chunks of wood with relative buying a used lathe. Provided
Before you purchase a lathe, it helps to
ease. Within your price range, it hasn’t been abused, a well-
know what sort of turning you plan to
try out different brands. It’s sort cared-for used lathe can offer
do most. For tiny work, a mini-lathe may
of like deciding whether you excellent value and the opportu- be all you need. Bowl-turning and
like to drive a Ford or a Chevy. nity to “trade up” in quality or general spindle work will require a full-
My guess is whatever you get, features over what you’d get by sized lathe. Either way, dive in! Your first
you will be thrilled to have. buying new. lathe probably won’t be your last.
A
bout 35 years ago, a The secret, it turns out, was the some occasionally dramatic fail-
young turner named combination of specialized tools ures, so don’t forget to wear eye
David Ellsworth moved to and techniques that David had protection when you work. Once
our Pennsylvania neighborhood. devised — straight tools for you’ve hollowed a few pieces,
He was a rising star in the plunging into the center of a you’ll begin to get a feel for the
woodturning world, known for vessel and bent tools of various tools and techniques. The results
his delicate “hollowform” vessels curvatures for excavating the are worth the investment.
— as light as a feather, with walls rest of the interior.
as thin as 1/8" and just one small As I discovered for myself, the The Beauty of Hollowforms
hole at the top. actual hollowing process is not as The outward appearance of any
I was mystified as to how any- difficult as it might seem. There’s turned object depends on the
one could remove all that wood definitely a learning curve, character of the wood itself, its
through such a small entry hole. though, and you can count on shape and any decorative treat-
Fall 2013 21
Carbide
Insert Tools Ring and
Hook Tools
The replaceable cutter tip may and apt to dig in and catch if you generates less heat than dr y
be rotated to expose a fresh edge aren’t careful. For this reason, wood, but plenty of people turn
when needed. These tools are many of the tools in this category dry. You can orient the work-
usually tilted at an angle to the come with adjustable shields over piece with the grain either
surface being cut to create a the cutter to limit the depth of cut. parallel or perpendicular to the
shearing action that leaves a axis of the lathe. Most turners
smooth surface, even on stringy The Hollowing Process prefer perpendicular, or “bowl,”
or difficult wood. Whichever tools you use, the orientation, with or without the
Insert cutters should never be basic approach for creating a hol- pith included. Green wood that
presented in a level orientation lowed vessel is straightforward: is turned from “green to fin-
because their aggressive cutting Turn the outside shape of your ished” in one session tends to
edges will almost certainly vessel first, then hollow out the shrink to a slightly irregular or
catch, sometimes dramatically. inside until you’ve reached the ovoid shape after you’ve hol-
Instead, the tip is cocked or desired wall thickness. There lowed it, which can be quite
skewed downward and then are other factors involved, interesting. Dr y blanks, of
brought up gradually into the of course, and some turning course, will stay more circular
work until the edge begins to experience is a must, but here after they’re turned.
engage, so the cutting is always a are some general pointers to get Open the Center: Begin the
shearing action. you started: hollowing process by creating a
Ring and hook tools are the Mount the Workpiece: Mount hole in the center of the work-
most aggressive of the cutters, the piece securely on a faceplate, piece, either with a drill bit
with edges that are more acute screw chuck or scroll chuck. It’s mounted in a chuck in the tail-
than the other styles of tips (see a good idea to use a live center in stock or with a straight scraper
photo, top right). The acute cut- the tailstock to help support the tool plunged in from the end.
ting edge makes them best suited piece as you turn the outside You don’t need to bore all the
to slicing endgrain and less shape, usually with bowl gouges. way to the bottom until after
appropriate for cross-grain work. I prefer to turn green wood, you’ve hollowed the upper areas
It also makes these tools grabby because it cuts a lot easier and of the form.
Common Misunderstandings
It happens too often: you learn
s o m e t h i n g n e w, m i s a p p l y t h e
knowledge, and bad things happen.
F
ortunately, I’ve sur vived Faceshields and Goggles turning is, “At what height do I
my “misapplied knowl- I wish I could decree that no set the tool-rest?” My answer: set
edge” events, mostly lathe would start until the opera- your tool-rest height so that the
intact. I would like to share some tor is wearing a face shield! cutting happens at or above the
easily misunderstood woodturn- Goggles are for preventing center line of the spindle. If it’s
ing concepts with the hope of splinters from entering some- too high, the tool won’t cut but
decreasing confusion and adding one’s eye. A 9" bowl, spinning at it’ll still be safe, and all you need
to your enjoyment and safety. 2,000 rpm, is much larger than a to do is lower the tool-rest. If it’s
Some of these misunderstand- splinter. If it, or some portion of too low, that’s when it’s unsafe. If
ings result from the plethora of it, flies off the lathe, it will smash the tool-rest is positioned at or
new turning items currently your face. Enough said? above center, there’s resistance
available. Many new gadgets are between the wood and the tool’s
excellent, but if you don’t take Tool-rest Height Confusion cutting edge. If the tool-rest is
time to understand their proper The most common question I get too low and the cutting action
use, they’ll cause problems. when I demonstrate spindle happens below center, there’s no
24 Common Misunderstandings
Spindle gouges (left) have
a profile that is flatter
than bowl gouges (right).
They have a round
profile, allowing for a
resistance, and in fact, the rota- deeper flute. Don’t use
tion of the wood pulls the tool spindle gouges on bowls.
away from the tool-rest. If a catch A combination gouge
happens, the tool could be pulled (not shown) has a profile
away and flung at an innocent somewhere between the
bystander. two and can be used for
A word about those “S” curved spindle or bowl turning.
tool-rests. Well, two words: bad
design. They don’t work for their
intended purpose, so don’t waste cutting edge puts a lot of torque remember to reduce the speed
your money. Instead, buy that on that tang. That’s fine for setting? If he’s quick enough, he
chunk of figured wood you’ve spindle turning; however, for can reach for the dial or the
been coveting. bowl turning, with diameters power plug and avoid disaster,
much larger, that downward but if not, he’s in the way and
Gouges Galore! pressure is greater, and those becomes target practice.
There are so many new turning tangs can break. Always check the speed dial,
tools on the market, even I’m some- Here’s where beginners get especially before mounting any-
times confused — and I haven’t confused: instructors use the thing to your lathe.
even mentioned different grinds! phrase “rough out a bowl.” Not
Let me offer this to help you get a knowing about torque and tang Chuck Envy
handle on the differences: size, a student grabs his rough- Here’s my theory of why there
Spindle gouges have a profile ing gouge to attack a large bowl are so many chucks on the
that is flatter than bowl gouges, blank. Bad things happen. For market: when woodturning first
and they have a flute that is more bowl turning, use a large, sturdy became popular, demonstrators
shallow. Conversely, the profile bowl gouge. toured around, stopping at
of a bowl gouge is round and the various local clubs. Each club
flute is deeper. A combination Variable-speed Challenges had a different make and model
gouge is somewhere in the mid- Here’s another example of new lathe. In order to be able to easi-
dle, and depending on how you technology causing a potential ly attach wood to those lathes,
grind the bevel, it can be used hazard. With variable-speed the demonstrator invested in a
for turning spindles or bowls. dials, it’s easy to crank up the chuck that had a good variety of
Roughing gouges are only for speed and forget it was set for spindle adapters.
spindle turning. Their tang is spindle turning. Imagine what The demonstrator attaches a
generally narrow, yet the size of happens when a large bowl is hunk of wood to the lathe to
the cutting edge is large. This subsequently attached to the show different cuts, and at some
disparity between tang and lathe and the operator doesn’t point during his demo, someone
asks, “What kind of chuck are
you using?” The demonstrator
answers the question but doesn’t
think to tell the attendee why
he’s using a chuck or that a
chuck isn’t necessarily the best
solution for bowl turning.
Occasionally clean and check
The rookie turner ends up
the chuck jaws for wear and thinking he needs that particular
tear. Those jaws do loosen over chuck, so he orders one. His
time, and that slippage can friend, not wanting to be without
cause problems. the latest toy, also buys one.
Manufacturers see growing
interest in chucks, so they begin
manufacturing new and
better ones. And so it goes ... we
now have plenty to choose from.
26 Common Misunderstandings
Friction Polish — Fast and Friendly
A rag and a few minutes is
all you need to create a
finish with friction polish.
I
just can’t deny it Ñ I am an For that reason, friction polish is
instant gratification sort of a real favorite for turners.
woodworker. So, when I am Common formulas for friction
looking for a clear finish on my polish feature a combination of
turned pieces Ñ and I predomi- shellac and a wax of some type.
nantly turn bowls Ñ I almost They can be formulated in a
always reach for a friction polish. liquid or found in bar form Ñ
They are easy to apply, build up like the widely used HUT©
quickly and look great. Products Bar.
The author applies his
What’s a Friction Polish? Just Do It liquid friction polish to a
A friction polish is designed to There are a couple of ways to spinning maple bowl. As
the friction spreads and
be applied to wood and then bur- apply a liquid friction polish. You
polishes the product, a
nished to make the product flow can wipe on a light coat while the
smooth, shiny finish
Ñ to be smoothed out over the piece is stationary on the lathe begins to appear.
prepared surface. Burnishing (or off of the tool), then spin the
(rubbing vigorously with a cloth piece and use a cloth dampened
or piece of ultra-fine steel wool) with the polish to smooth out cloth right to the spinning bowl. I
can be hard work on a flat piece and flow the finish evenly across use a moderately fast speed and
of wood. But it’s pretty easy if the piece. This is an instance just wipe it on. I like to have a
the wood is spinning on a lathe. where light applications are strong directional light aimed at
better than heavy coats. the piece, so I can see the change
As a Òplunge right in thereÓ as I apply the product.
type, I prefer the second method: Different brands of friction
applying the finish with a soft polish var y a bit as to the
proper mode of application Ñ so
read their instructions and
experiment in order to get your
best results.
Time is Money.
Spend it Wisely.
Using Norton Red Heat will dramatically reduce
your sanding time and cost. Made with patented
ceramic alumina grain, it provides unmatched cut
rate and life even on the toughest applications. Up
to 5 times the life of conventional products.* Those
savings would pay for the abrasives and more!
* Products tested versus conventional Norton coated abrasive products.
Spend less time sanding, increase your productivity and achieve greater results.
Choose Norton Red Heat for your next project.
PROFESSIONAL CONTRACTORS AGREE: YOU TYPICALLY SPEND HALF YOUR TIME SANDING,
BUT NOW YOU DON’T HAVE TO!
“With Red Heat, I can take off 25 years of finish with the first
cut. We could never do that before. We used to have to do a
NORTON RED HEAT
second cut to get the finish up.” CERAMIC
“It definitely saves on labor. It lasts twice as long and stays Standard Silicon Carbide
sharper longer so you don’t have to stop and change the 0 150 300
I
turned my first pen about get started: check out the with blanks.
eight years ago when I took Shopping List, previous page. You’ll need a few basic shop
the very pen turning class I Key among the products is a tools: a handsaw or band saw for
now teach. I’ve been hooked on pen turning mandrel. It is a steel cutting the blanks to length,
turning ever since. Making pens bar with a Morris taper on one a drill press for drilling the
is a great introduction to basic end; the other end is threaded, holes in the blanks, a bit of sand-
spindle turning. Turning your holding a knurled nut. The pen paper and, of course, a lathe for
own pens results in beautiful, blanks are turned on the man- doing the turning. A 3/8" or 1/2"
custom, no-two-alike master- drel. If you buy just the basic spindle gouge is sufficient to
pieces that make great gifts, pen-specific items and cut your take a pen from roughing
each having their own character own wooden blanks, you’ll to completion.
and charm. What a great excuse spend about $40 to get going. The pen kits include two brass
to sneak out to the shop for a For one-stop shopping, Rockler tubes called barrels, a pen mech-
little fun. sells a nice starter package that anism, a pocket clip and various
There are a few specialized includes the mandrel and drill brass rings used to connect the
pen-turning tools you’ll need to bit, CA glue and three pen kits brass barrels for final assembly.
3 4
Glue the brass barrels into the blanks with CA glue. Before Clean out excess glue from inside the barrel using a 15/64" drill
applying glue to the barrels, rough them up with 120-grit bit or a barrel trimming tool. Bring the ends of the blank flush
sandpaper. Twist the barrel while quickly pushing it completely to the barrels by rubbing them against a piece of sandpaper on
into the blank. Don’t dawdle, or you can get stuck with a barrel a flat surface.
glued halfway in.
Slip the blanks onto the threaded Turn the blanks by making light passes Sand the pen. With your first couple
mandrel, and start by separating them with a sharp gouge. (A 3/8" spindle of pens, there’s no shame in sanding
with a bushing. Install the other two gouge works well.) Start at 1,200 rpm the blank to its finished diameter
bushings on the opposite ends of the and ramp up to 2,200 rpm as the instead of turning it. This more
blanks. These bushings are the same blanks become round. Turn the ends of conservative approach will guarantee
diameter as the pen parts, so they’ll the blanks to match the diameter of you don’t cut through the wood.
serve as guides for arriving at the final the bushings. Leave the middle of each Start with 150-grit sandpaper to
diameter of your turning. Lock the blank fatter than the ends, at least on remove gouge marks. Progress to
blanks and bushings onto the mandrel your first pen or two. If you cut too 220- and then 400-grit paper.
using the threaded nut supplied with aggressively, or your gouge is dull, it’s
the mandrel. Chuck the mandrel possible to go through the wood and
between your lathe centers, and expose the brass barrel. There isn’t SOURCES
you’re ready to start turning. much you can do at that point. Don’t
cut into the bushings; if you reduce
their diameter, you won’t have
accurate guides for the pen blanks.
Assemble your pen parts in this order: test the fit of the ink cartridge. The remove the ink cartridge and press the
pen tip first, pocket clip second and pen tip should come out far enough twist mechanism a little farther into the
then the pen twist mechanism (see to write, while still retracting fully brass barrel. Now add the center ring
photo 1). Insert the twist mechanism back into the pen when the (see photo 2), which simply slips on, and
until the indented ring on it is nearly mechanism is twisted closed. If the press the top and bottom halves of the
even with the end of the barrel, then pen tip doesn’t come out far enough, pen together (see photo 3).
W
hether it is a summer When it comes to finishing the
barbecue or a tailgate wood for this project, choose a
party in the fall, you nontoxic, oil-based product like 1
need to convert your masterful Salad Bowl Finish or even
hamburger mixture into patties mineral oil. A coat of food-safe
to put on the grill. This patty paraffin wax will help to seal the
press will help you create per- wood and keep hamburger from
fectly formed patties that stay sticking to it. Clean your press
together better while grilling and with mild soap and hot water
fit nicely on those buns. You can after use, and reapply finish if
make this press in an evening needed. Or, you can leave it with-
using materials you probably out a finish. A curious but impor-
have lying around in your shop. tant fact to note is that wood has 2
Find and purchase the PVC pipe been proven to have a natural
that makes the plastic cylinder at resistance to growing bacteria,
a local hardware store or a big making it a good material for
box type store. It’s important to cutting boards or, in this case, a
get the PVC before you start patty press.
turning so you can fit the other
wooden parts to it. Getting Started
The steps to making your patty
Selecting the Wood press are as follows.
3
Choosing a wood species for this Find and then mark the cen-
patty press is limited by only a ters of two 6" x 6" x 15∕8 " blanks.
couple of considerations. Because Mark the centers on both sides.
it will be used in food preparation, These will become the top and
it is better to be safe than sorry. base pieces of your press.
Some people have extreme aller- Cut one blank — the base — to
gies to nuts. These allergies can a circle about 51∕2 " in diameter.
actually be life-threatening. Cut the other — the top — to
Although unlikely, nut woods like about 41∕2 " in diameter. If your
walnut, hickory or pecan may plastic cylinder pipe has an inner 4
transfer some oils that could diameter other than 4", you will
spark an allergic reaction. I rec- have to adjust the blank sizes
ommend using a close-grained accordingly.
non-nut wood: cherry, maple or Mount the base blank between
even yellow poplar would be good centers (Figure 1). If you use a
choices. The press you see here serrated Stebcenter for the drive
was made from alder, another and live center, there will be less
good species choice. damage to the surfaces that will
Cylinder
11
Top
between centers as you did with 13). Do the final finish sanding
the base blank. After you raise and set the top aside.
the dovetailed tenon, mount the Take a moment to carefully
top in your scroll chuck. Now enlarge the recess in the jam 12
turn the top down so it fits chuck to fit the tenon on the face
smoothly within the cylinder of the base that you had set aside
(Figure 10). It should move earlier (Figure 14). Turn off the
freely. Sand the face and sides dovetail tenon that was used for
of the top and set it aside for mounting in the scroll chuck,
the moment. leaving the surface flat (Figure
Mount some wood to be used 15). Finish-sand the base and
as a jam chuck onto your scroll unmount it from the chuck.
chuck or on a faceplate and turn You can leave the surface of
its face flat. With your calipers, the wood bare or use an oil finish 13
measure the diameter of the top as mentioned earlier. Don’t use
and mark the face of the jam vegetable or salad oil since they
chuck. Cut a recess in the jam will likely turn rancid with time.
chuck so that the top fits tightly Now that you have mastered
in place (Figure 11, top right, using a jam chuck by making
and Figure 12). this simple project, you can take
With the top mounted in the your turning to the next level
jam chuck, turn a tenon, forming by using the technique in a
it into a shape that can be easily variety of turning situations.
14
grasped and handled (Figure Happy turning!
15
“J
ust grab a piece of black
pipe, take it to the grinder There are three general types of
and practice putting an machines and/or accessories to
edge on it!” is the advice a turning help sharpen those cur ved
expert gave to his new-to-turning edges. Dedicated sharpening
daughter. He said it to address machines divide into two cate-
one of the issues a person must gories: wet grinding and dry-
confront when they begin turn- abrasive sharpening — those
ing. Sharpening a flat edge like a categories are represented here
chisel (or a skew) is not difficult by the Tormek® and the Work
to master, but when it comes to Sharp®, respectively. The third
sharpening curved edges, like general option is a jig attached to
the ones you find on the gouges a standard grinder; a good exam-
and scrapers, it’s a different story. ple of that is ONEWAY’s
And, while some folks can master One advantage to the Work Sharp system Wolverine Jig.
the “freehand” method, others, is that you can see the edge of your curved Any of these options will get
like yours truly, need a bit of an tool as you sharpen. The slotted wheel you past the roadblock of sharp-
assist. The good news is there is allows you to see through it as it spins. ening curved edges — but each
plenty of help out there. has pros and cons.
The Tormek will give you the
sharpest and best edge, hands-
Is Your Grinding Wheel
down. It is very versatile and has
Well-Dressed?
a long track record of quality.
Dressing a grinding wheel
refers to the process of
But it is also expensive, and its
removing the top layer of complexity demands a moderate
the wheel to expose a learning curve.
fresh and sharp layer. The Work Sharp is also
You can sharpen curved tool edges by
versatile, certainly less expen-
adding a special sharpening wheel and sive and, many think, a bit more
a Wolverine Jig to a grinder. intuitive to use. But you need to
keep a supply of the abrasive
discs on hand, and they cost
money to replace.
The Wolverine Jig works with
a standard grinder, but for best
results you’ll also need a preci-
sion balanced grinding wheel
from ONEWAY and a grinder
that has variable speed.
No machine will give you a sharper edge
than the Tormek system. Among the
Rob Johnstone is the editor in chief
wide variety of add-on jigs and
of Woodworker’s Journal.
accessories is a top-notch jig system for
sharpening curved turning tools.
08/7,5(67
®
9H V V H O 6 X S S R U W 6 \ V W H P
+2//2:52//(5
®
9HVVHO7XUQLQJ6\VWHP
:::&$57(5352'8&76&20
8672//)5((
Turning Green Wood
Tools cut green wood fibers like hot
knives through butter! Here’s how to
transform a chunk of wet wood into an
elegant bowl in a matter of minutes.
T
urning green wood is a wet
and wild adventure, but
there are pitfalls to be
avoided when working with or
acquiring it. In this article, I will
provide background information
about preparing, storing and
working with freshly cut wood so
that you will have better success
with nature’s bounty.
Green wood is wood that has
not yet been dried. It’s actually
not green in color, but rather not
yet seasoned by either kiln-dry-
ing or air-drying. It can range in
wetness from dripping wet (cut
in springtime) to only slightly
wet (cut in fall or winter). This
“free” wood can come your way
throughout the year, so it’s best
to understand how to effectively
deal with what ends up littering
your driveway or overtaking
your shop.
44
Cut each log into two sections, lengthwise, for bowl blanks. For best results, remove a small slab down the middle, making sure it
contains the entire pith and the small surrounding cracks. After cutting to remove any early cracks, paint each end with end grain
wood sealer. Some turners like to date and label the wood they save.
Air-dried wood is much nicer devices, will infest your entire moisture early in the dr ying
to work with than kiln-dried life. Leave the wood outside until stage! Turning the bags helps
wood. It cuts more smoothly and you are sure it is free from pests. prevent mold from growing,
cleanly; the color is often more I generally debark pieces that which can cause the wood to
vivid; and, for us woodturners, will be air-dried. If you’re become spalted. Dark lines of
grain patterns are more interested in making green- mold create beautiful patterns in
varied. I have become more turned, natural-edge bowls, many species, particularly maple.
selective when acquiring “free” leave the bark on. A word of caution, however. This
wood. Everyone has a prefer- Most species of wood will mold can have active spores,
ence. My favorite species are begin to crack right after being which will be released during
persimmon, dogwood and Osage cut, so attend to your logs as the turning process. If you are
orange. These woods are not soon as possible. Keep them out not wearing proper dust protec-
available commercially, and per- of direct sunlight — cover them tion, they can get into your
simmon and Osage are difficult with a tarp or haul them to a lungs. Personally, I avoid using
to successfully air-dry without shady spot. Some species, such spalted wood; some turners
cracking, but they are lovely to as persimmon and ash, immedi- grow it on purpose.
work with, so worth the effort! ately begin to attract insects. On To make the best use of a log
Whatever you prefer, however, the other hand, perhaps you like for bowl blanks, cut each section
make sure the wood you acquire wormy ash or persimmon? several inches longer than the
is sound. Even experienced Some turners have a large diameter of the log to provide a
woodturners have been hurt by freezer in which they deposit bit of trim wood on the ends. If
a chunk of wood flying off the choice turning blanks. Freezing not possible, don’t worry: you
lathe. This happens for two main the wood keeps it from cracking, can use short and thick sections
reasons: either the wood has a retards the growth of mold and for a different style of bowl or for
large, barely visible crack protects from insects. And, it’s other projects.
and/or the speed of the lathe immediately available for green- When you’re ready to process
was set too fast. Be careful when turning. If you have only a few a log into bowl blanks, the first
using found wood. chunks, you could place them in step is to mark where to make
Before you bring fresh-cut large plastic garbage bags, but your initial cut. This decision is
wood into your workshop, be make sure you turn the bags as individual as your preferences
aware that it might contain small inside out every few days. You’ll and the grain and configuration
critters, which, if left to their own be surprised at the amount of of each log. Cutting each log will
Eco-
friendly
y
BIO-FOAM®
I
n their drive for the perfect art Carving breaks the absolutely
form, bowl turners are con- circular nature of a turning, lend-
stantly experimenting with ing pattern, texture and beauty
shape. This can range from to the finished vessel. It does not
entirely functional to pure art require many fancy tools, carv-
that is not very usable at all. An ing patterns or textures; all you
artistic technique that I really need is a gouge or two, a veining
like is carving designs into the tool and a mallet. (The mallet
outside or rim of a bowl. You do you can spindle turn yourself
not have to be an “artist” to do from a piece of firewood!)
this sort of carving, you just need In general, I get by mostly with
to be able to lay out a pencil grid a #8 x 25mm (1") gouge and a
and to tap a gouge with a mallet. veining tool.
Mark the upper and lower limits of your carving space as well When the grid pattern is completed, use the pattern to form
as a center line (above). Then use the indexing stop on your S-shaped curves onto the side of the bowl. Don’t worry about
lathe’s headstock to help draw a grid pattern. perfect curves — you’ll adjust them as you carve.
between them before tightening straight and a number 10 being a razor-sharp. Do not try to take
the vise. Previously, I used a highly dished gouge. As I said too much material with any pass.
right-angle plate built out of earlier, a #8 by 25mm does about Cut a shallow trough up the cen-
veneer-core plywood and held 90% of my carving. I make most of ter of your layout, then deepen
the bowl against it with a wood my flutes about 3/4" wide and widen it gradually. Final
strip secured by threaded rod (“about” is the key word here), passes may have to be on oppo-
and wing nuts. You can see that but don’t be afraid to experiment site sides and in opposite direc-
setup in the top photo. Notice with other flute widths and gouge tions to get crisp, smooth carv-
that I leave the faceplate and sweeps. There is as much room ing. You must pay careful atten-
glue block on the bowl until after for artistic expression in carving tion to grain direction, for as you
the carving is done. as in the turning process itself! carve around a bowl, you alter-
Carving gouges are sold by Carving is pretty straightfor- nate from pure end grain to pure
sweep and width with #1 being ward, as long as the tools are face grain and every combina-
Keep track of grain direction as you carve. Carve “uphill” and Sometimes refining the shape requires you to carve on the
don’t try to take too much wood off with each cut, refining opposite edges of the same trough from different directions
the shape as you go. to get a clean cut.
L
ike recipes, turning projects
have an organic quality to
them. Most are best present-
ed as ideas so each turner can
make changes to suit a project to
his or her own tastes. Our salt
and pepper set is a good exam-
ple. If you enjoy contemporary
tableware, these shapes will
blend right in with that look. You
can follow the Full-size Drawings
on page 56 to make exact dupli-
cates, or take off with your own
ideas to create a unique style.
54 Zestful Turnings
The construction of the salt Cut your pepper mill wood Now put the maple between
shaker includes a useful ring blanks slightly oversize, and centers on the lathe and turn it
joint that you may want to try out begin working on the cherry top to shape with the roughing
on other sectional designs first. Drill a 3/4"-diameter by gouge. Again, use a skew and
like candlestick holders, vases 1/4"-deep hole in one end of the sandpaper to refine the surface.
or vessels that are made with cherry block, then mount it on Part off the maple piece from the
separate pieces of wood. the lathe with the hole facing the lathe and drill three holes into
tail stock. Turn the block into a the mill: First, a 11∕2 "-diameter by
Making the Pepper Mill cylinder with a roughing gouge, 1/2"-deep hole in the bottom of
The first thing you should take then use a parting tool to form the piece, then a 11∕4 "-diameter by
care of before starting this proj- the neck. Continue with the 3/8"-deep hole in the top end.
ect is purchasing the salt and pep- gouge to round over the top, and Use the indents from the lathe
per mechanisms, available from smooth the surface with a skew. drives to find the drilling centers
Rockler and other turning supply Increase your lathe speed to for these two holes. The third
sources. Having the hardware in sand the cherry to 220-grit, then hole is 1" in diameter and passes
hand when you begin cutting will dismount the top and drill a 1/4"- from the top end all the way to
save you from possible mistakes. diameter hole through the wood. the bottom. To get greater
Spindle Gouges work great when they’re sharpened with a long, steep bevel and
a more pointed end in comparison to a bowl gouge. This type of edge profile
allows for a clean cut and also enables you to get into tight areas between
elements of the turned object. But, I’ll confess that I sometimes get lazy and use a
bowl gouge when I ought to use a spindle gouge. It’s perfectly safe, but the bevel
on a bowl gouge is at a shorter angle, which makes for a less grabby cut.
Skew Chisels: If what you are making requires an abrupt division between
square stock and round stock, here’s where a skew chisel is a necessity. Use either
the heel or the toe of the skew to cut into the square stock. Arch the tool into the
wood and begin with light, small cuts. When using the skew chisel, remember that
there are potentially four cutting edges and four bevels. When you are using one
edge, stay away from the other three or you’ll surely catch the wood!
Parting Tools are actually not for parting the wood off the lathe but for parting
through the wood to mark a specific diameter. They are often used in conjunction
with calipers, preset to measure a correct diameter. Parting tools are Parting
Tool Roughing
straightforward to use. Simply arch them into the wood and push gently. They do Gouge Spindle
Gouge Skew
the cutting work almost automatically. Chisel
Finishing Up
Dismantle the pepper mill to give
it and the salt shaker a final bur-
nishing with fine steel wool. Apply
three coats of tung oil to the out-
side of the set to really bring out
the curly pattern in the maple. Let
the finish dry for two days before
3
/4" reassembling the mechanism in
1
/2" the pepper mill and adding the top
to the salt shaker. Once this is
done, pour in your salt and your
peppercorns, and cap off the
openings. Your salt and pepper set
is now ready for your next
1" culinary project. Bon appetit!
56 Zestful Turnings
CNC Shark® HD 2.0 (48100)
Router sold separately
P
rior to World War II, most Shape and Design Factors
fishing plugs were made of Check your local tackle shops
wood, and even today most for one of the two massive vol-
consider the wooden Rapala the umes of “Fishing Lure
world’s most effective lure. But Collectibles” by Beany and
can an average woodworker Dudley Murphy, and you’ll see
make wooden lures and thus that there are few new plug
combine two hobbies? The shapes. For that reason, you’ll
answer is yes! With minimal need to decide which lures suit
turning skills and an eye on your fishing needs best. Short,
design, you can make your own subsurface plugs with wiggling
topwater, floating and sinking scoops oscillate faster than long,
plugs at pennies on the dollar skinny plugs; streamlined long
and in sizes from 1/2" fly rod minnow plugs create less sur-
plugs and poppers up to 10" surf face noise and splash than blunt-
and saltwater or even muskie nose models. Note that lure size
plugs. Add to those advantages is often the most critical factor
that your finely crafted plugs can where gamefish prey on schools
be hand-tuned and of bait. Remember to vary lure
tested to maximize length to match the growth of
your catch. baitfish over the season.
O
ur editor in chief, Rob Johnstone, suggested to me
that an article on turning a Japanese kendama game
would be fun for all. This child’s game is pure spin-
dle turning (“child” being defined as anyone from nine to 92
years of age in the case of this addicting game). A variation
on the age-old ball-and-cup toy, the player uses the ken
(handle) to capture the wood dama (ball) attached to it by a
string in one of four ways. There are two cups, one larger
and one smaller, attached to the ken at right angles. There
is a third cup in the base of the ken that is still smaller.
Finally, the ball may be captured on the spike at the busi-
ness end of the ken. The ball has a hole in it, which is flared
at the mouth, to facilitate this most difficult of captures.
A kendama game is mostly straightforward spindle turn-
ing, but turning the ball and scraping the cups to the correct
radius to catch the ball is a small challenge for most. You
will need some firm, durable wood to make your kendama
set. I chose hard maple for price and durability, but oak, ash,
hickory and walnut are other good choices. You do not need
much wood for this project, but large-diameter stock is nec-
essary for the ball if it is to be done without gluing up. I was
able to make mine from cutoff scraps I had squirreled away.
I will not elaborate on the turning of the handle and the set
of cups that mount on the spike at the end of it in a “T” fash-
ion, for they are straight spindle turning. The only tip I will
give is that it is best to drill the cross-hole for mounting the
cups on the handle before turning. Drill a 7/16"-diameter
cross-hole in the exact center of the 13∕4 " by 23∕4 " billet. The
turning of a perfect ball might seem to be impossible, but it
Oozara (Big Cup): Start from a still, vertical position and land the ball in the big cup.
Kozara (Small Cup): Same as above, except land the ball in the small cup.
Chuzara (Middle Cup): Catch the ball in the middle cup on the end of the ken.
Rosoku (Candle): Same as above, but different grip: hold the ken by the point.
Tomeken (Spike Catch or Pull Up/In): Start the ball from a still, hanging position and catch
it by the hole on the ken’s spike.
Hikoki (Airplane): Hold the ball and flip the ken to impale the ball
with the spike.
Furiken (Swinging Spike Catch): Similar to Spike Catch, but
you swing the ball up instead of starting from a dead hang.
Nihon Isshu (Trip Around Japan): Catch the ball Dama
in the small cup, toss it to the big cup, then spike it. (Ball)
Sekai Isshu (Trip Around the World):
Like above, with the Big Cup
Ken (Sword)
addition of a toss to the
center cup after the large
cup and before the spike.
Toudai (Lighthouse):
Grip the ball; jerk ken from Crosspiece Spike
a dead hang and balance
Center Cup Kendama tricks involve
it by the center cup on the combinations of catching,
ball, keeping it stationary. spiking, juggling and balancing.
Small Cup
is actually well within the capa- must use a jam chuck, which is needs to run between the
bilities of any competent spindle no more than a piece of wood centers of the lathe (spindle
turner. The method I am going screwed to a faceplate. For turning), so the screws to hold it
to describe was used to turn bil- strength, the piece of wood you on a faceplate need to go into the
liard balls from ivory up until the construct your jam chuck out of end grain of the billet. It is possi-
1920s. I gleaned this information needs to be at least one-and-a- ble to generate a perfect ball by
from an original volume in my half times the diameter of the how you manipulate the work in
library: The Lathe & Its Uses by work (it can also be larger). Like your jam chuck. The photoessay
Claud Lukin, published by John the kendama itself, the jam you will find on pages 66 and 67
Wiley & Son in 1868. chuck needs to be made from will explain the process for
The trick of durable wood of one of the making the jam chuck and
turning a ball is in species I’ve previously men- turning the ball.
the chucking. You tioned. The grain of the chuck
It’s best to drill the 7/16”-dia. cross-hole that facilitates mounting Scrape the cups to shape with a scraper while the work is held
the cups on the handle before turning the cups to final shape. in a smaller version of a jam chuck.
You will need a scraper for this the other end of the cup, then Playing the Game
project that will allow you to jam chuck the handle to make The trick of playing kendama is
shape the depression of the cups the base into a cup. If you fol- not necessarily to swing the ball
to a slightly smaller curve than lowed the Drawings, your game around into the cup! Rather, you
the 21∕4 " diameter ball. (You want now has three progressively can flick the ball straight up with
the ball to seat perfectly.) I used smaller cups to catch the ball in, a snap of the wrist, such that it
a shop-made scraper to help me plus a spike to spear it on. Go reaches its apex just above the
achieve this. You will need to jam ahead and glue the cups on the cup. Simultaneously, in the
chuck the cup twice to hollow spike, cross drill for the string version I have been playing, you
each end. Scrape from the out- through the center of the must skillfully place the cup in
side to the center in an ever- cup/spike, and connect a the perfect alignment under the
increasing circle until you have sufficiently long string to have ball. To spike, you hold the han-
removed wood along the entire 153∕ 4 " of string between the dle at about a 45-degree upward
edge, and there you have it. Do handle and the ball. angle and then snap the ball
Spike
Material List
Item Billet Size Length
Ball 23⁄ 4" Square 31⁄ 4"
Handle 11⁄ 2" Square 61⁄ 2"
Cups 13⁄ 4" Square 23⁄ 4"
Jam Chuck 4" Square 51⁄ 2"
To turn your own “dama,” see
the article on the next page.
S
tart with a piece of wood slight- pocket we just created. Turn the spin- from one end to the other. When the ends
ly bigger than the ball. Since dle by hand and tap at the appropriate are spherical, rotate the elongated ball
we want a 2 1∕4"-diameter ball, edge until the billet runs true. again so its initial equator is in line with the
start with a 23∕4" square billet that is Face the end of the ball billet with lathe’s centers and turn away the remaining
about 3 1∕4" long. Mount it between a scraper. It should be dead square, waste to bring the shape into perfect round.
centers and turn it to a 2 1∕4" cylinder and all dimples left by the spur or live
(see Fig. 1). center should be removed. Chamfer ly turning the spindle by hand, adjust
Make a jam chuck by screwing the the corner 1/16". Set a compass to the piece until the equator runs true
4" square by 5 1∕2" billet to a faceplate. the radius of the work, and mark and is just outside the chuck face.
Turn it to a cylinder, face the what I will call the equator of our Using the same compass setting as
exposed end flat and drill a 1/2"- emerging ball. Put a dot at what I will in Fig. 5, mark a line at one radius
diameter hole through it (see Fig. call the pole as well (see Fig. 5). from the equator (see Fig. 8). Cut the
2). The hole will facilitate getting a Using a spindle gouge, turn away work off at this new line and face it
knockout bar through from the the area between the equator and the square. Put a pencil dot on the sec-
headstock to eject the work. pole to an arc that is outside a sphere. ond pole and use a spindle gouge to
Using a scraper, scrape a 21∕4"-diame- You do this by starting to the right of turn an arc between the equator and
ter opening that tapers inward at about the equator and turning shy of the the pole that is outside the sphere
a 3-degree angle (see Figures 3 and 4). pole (see Fig. 6). (see Fig. 9). Eject the work, which
This is about the same taper as the Use a long dowel or metal bar as should look egg-like, from the chuck.
Morse tapers in your lathe. I use an an “extended” knockout bar to eject Now tap the work into the chuck
ancient turning tool called an armrest the work from the chuck. Now flip with the equator running exactly
to support my scraper. It negates my the piece 180 degrees and seat the between the lathe centers (see Fig.
having to constantly move, and read- spherical end in the chuck with a 10). The poles now run just outside
just, the tool-rest each time I check the mallet again (see Fig. 7). You may the chuck on a new equatorial line
fit. Tap the 21∕4"-diameter piece of stock have to hollow out the chuck a good (see Fig. 11). Drawing a pencil dot on
we turned in Fig. 1 into the tapered bit to accept half the ball. While slow- the spinning work will tell you which
5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
way you need to rotate the work in side the ghost (see Fig. 13). ball, which puts the hole through the
the chuck. The old equator will ghost Now sand thoroughly, while turn- face grain and in axis with the equa-
a dot if it is running between centers. ing and reseating the ball randomly tor. Drill a 15∕8"-deep blind hole with a
It will ghost a circle if it is not. (see Fig. 14). It is imperative that you 1/2" drill. Drill the rest of the way
Because the old equator is a perfect start with 80- or coarser grit paper. with a 1/16" or smaller drill that
ring spinning between centers, it Starting with finer paper will sand matches the diameter of the string
ghosts a perfect sphere. The trick is face grain faster than end grain, sand- you plan to use. The string will go
to now scrape away all the wood out- ing the ball out of, rather than into, though the 1/16" hole with a stopper
side the ghost on the exposed half of round. Sand as fine as you please, but knot inside the larger hole. The 1/2"
the ball. I use the same chuck-mak- 150- to 180-grit is adequate for our hole is for “spiking” the ball. Lastly, as
ing scraper that we made initially to kendama game (see Fig. 15). I am doing in Fig. 16, scrape a heavy
do this (see Fig. 12). Eject, turn 180 The jam chuck is perfect for drilling chamfer at the mouth of the hole to
degrees and reseat the work in the the ball. The best time to drill is at the make a better target for spiking.
chuck. Scrape all the wood away out- end of scraping the second half of the
DREAM PROJECT
DREAM MACHINE
Saw your own lumber.
12 sawmill models available
starting at $3,950*
800.553.0182 | SawBoards.com
>VVK4PaLY33*7YPJLZ\IQLJ[[VJOHUNL^P[OV\[UV[PJL
Fall 2013 67
Mastering Turned Eggs
Help your turning skills spring forward
with some elegant elliptical shapes.
T other turning
urned eggs are a terrific least an inch in length to leave
project to hone your skills room for the holes the headstock
at woodturning and for projects are and tailstock centers produce.
using up small pieces of wood.
Here’s how you can finally make
much easier.” Two Methods of
something special out of that Attaching Wood
chunk of highly figured hard- There are two primary methods
wood that’s been gathering dust of attaching a piece of wood to
in the far corner of your shop. the lathe in order to turn an egg:
A turned egg appears rather 1) the wood can be held in a
simple to make, but getting the chuck or 2) it can be held
cur ves and shape right can be a between centers. If I am making
challenge. It’s a fun challenge, only one or two eggs, I attach the
however, and once you get the wood between centers. Even
hang of it, you will discover though the ends need to be fin-
that other turning projects are ished off the lathe, it requires
much easier. less time. If I am in production
mode, I will use a chuck.
Shape of an Egg To prepare the wood for hold-
The most important thing to ing it in a chuck, you must first
know when turning an egg is turn a cylinder between centers,
that there are no flat areas. Eggs The author brings the lathe’s tailstock one end of which should be a
are continuously curved. They up to help with stability in the diameter small enough to fit into
may be round — some owl eggs beginning. She will move it back later, the jaws of your chuck. For a
are. Guinea hen eggs are nicely when she finishes the end of the first larger diameter egg, that will
round on one end and rather egg and parts it off the wood. require a shoulder on one end of
pointy on the other, more so than the cylinder, but leave the small-
chicken eggs. I’ve been told that er diameter as large as possible.
eggs are the shape they are so It will provide more stability. If
that they don’t roll off a cliff. I’m you are going to make several
not sure, though. eggs, you can use a cylinder
If you look at a dozen chicken that’s long enough to make
eggs (go ahead and check out several at the same time.
the ones in your refrigerator), Remove the cylinder from the
most likely none of them look lathe, attach your chuck to the
exactly like an egg ought to headstock, and mount the
appear. That’s the good part for a turned cylinder in the chuck. If
woodturner. As long as what you it’s a long cylinder, you might
make is oval and one end is need to bring up the tailstock to
slightly larger than the other, it temporarily help steady the
will look like an egg. wood. You will remove the tail-
Eggs are a bit longer than they stock later in order to finish the
are wide. For instance, I just first end and to part the egg off
measured a chicken’s egg and it the cylinder.
was 21∕2 " long by 13∕4 " wide. Select My favorite shop teacher
your wood accordingly. If you are The most important thing to keep in mind always cautioned that anything
attaching your wood between when turning an egg, says the author, is larger than two inches in diame-
centers, you will need to add at that “there should be no flat areas.” ter should have the corners
removed before attaching it to stock. The newer ones have an Finishing the Eggs
the lathe. I’ve found that’s not end on them that has a serrated I often make eggs in order to
necessary if you know what you edge, similar to what a band saw practice new surface treatments
are doing. Know your limitations. blade looks like. One model has as varied as bleaching, texturing
a point that is spring-loaded. It and burning. I’ll end up with a
Drive Centers and Safety sticks out quite a bit but retracts well finished project and haven’t
I use a safety center in my lathe. as the tailstock is tightened. spent hours of time learning a
There are several models on the The theory of the safety cen- technique that doesn’t work.
market, from companies like ters is that when a catch happens If you are going to paint your
ONEWAY and Sorby, and they’re a — and they will happen — the eggs, it helps to not have done a
most welcome addition in the spinning motion of the wood lot of sanding (yay!). The paint
arena of safety. While it might stops, as opposed to having the will stick much better to wood
seem counterintuitive to not use tool fly out of your hands. After that’s been sanded with 120-grit
a spur drive center, it’s actually the incident, simply tighten the abrasive than if you’ve achieved
much safer to use what looks tailstock again and keep turning. a highly polished surface. I like
like a live center in your head- to use milk paint for my painted
Creating the Shape of an Egg
In order to achieve a somewhat
ideal egg shape, the highest
point (largest diameter) of the
egg should be located just off
center, a bit closer to the large-
end side of the center of the egg
than to the smaller end.
Beginners often make the
largest diameter area too close
to the large end of the egg. I did
and, even after hundreds of
eggs, still do, occasionally.
Both ends of the egg should be
round, but is one larger than the
When parting off the egg, you can make
other? It should be. Neither should
a clean cut if the last cut is from wood be pointed, nor should either of
stock that remains in the chuck. If you them be flat. I’ve done both. Here, the author uses a skew chisel to
try to cut from the direction of the egg, Sand your egg while it’s on the carve the small bit of wood remaining
that can often cause a small hole to lathe. Even with the wood held on the end of the egg. A knife or bench
form in the end of the egg. in a chuck, you’ll still need to chisel will work, too.
4 5 6
Another method of holding the wood, that you will have to cut off (3). This is This jig can be used over and over.
which doesn’t involve a chuck, is to easily removed on a band saw or using a The next step is to sand the ends. I put
simply mount it between centers (1). To small handsaw. If you use a band saw, err a sanding disc in my drill press and start
find the center of the wood, make an “X” on the side of caution and make a jig to with 60- or 120-grit sandpaper,
on both ends. Punch a small hole at the hold the wood to keep the blade from depending on how much wood I need to
center of the “X.” At this point, you can grabbing and spinning it during cutting. remove. Then put a foam interface pad on
cut the corners off of the square wood I made my jig using a scrap of Baltic the disc holder and use 220-grit paper (6).
using your band saw. Tilt the table at a birch plywood (4). I created a concave The foam pad will help you shape the
45˚ angle and make the cuts. Or you can surface that conformed (somewhat) to ends of the eggs into a nice round surface
attach the wood to the lathe as is and the shape of the egg. A bit of masking while avoiding flat spots. As with any
first turn a cylinder, then the egg (2). tape easily holds the egg in place, turning technique, practice makes
For eggs that have been turned between controlling the egg and letting you safely perfect, so grab a small chunk of wood,
centers, there will be wood on both ends cut off the excess wood on both ends (5). get over to your lathe and have some fun!
eggs. The finish has an eggshell Presentation of a tree limb, attach it between
look to it, and when the milk After making all those eggs, you’ll the centers of your lathe, and turn
paint is applied with a fine need to figure out what to do with away! Those eggs will eventually
sponge, the texture also resem- them. I make bowls and put eggs crack, but they make for lovely
bles that of an egg. in them. You can see a variety of decorative firewood, especially if
An easy holder for painting examples on my web page at you’ve turned several from a long
eggs can be made by hammering www.bettyscarpino.com. Another length of branch.
three small nails all the way option is to make a stand for The other part of presentation is
through a small, thin piece of individual eggs. A stand can be as figuring out who gets your new cre-
plywood in a triangle shape. The simple as a small piece of interest- ations. No doubt there will be many
egg will sit nicely in the triangle ingly shaped wood with a concave family members and friends who
on the points of the nails. area or as elaborate as a carved will soon begin their own new
I finish darker woods such as stand. Let your imagination go hobby of collecting turned eggs!
walnut and cherry with an oil wild with these creations!
finish. For maple I use a wipe-on If you simply want to practice Betty Scarpino served as a contributing
lacquer finish. turning eggs, grab a solid chunk editor to Woodworker’s Journal.
W
hen it comes to “quick Aside from turning, the skills Rough the blank down into
and easy” gifts, turn- necessary to complete one of a cylinder, leaving it as
ers have an advantage these projects are pretty basic. large as feasible. Remove the
over most woodworkers. This Get started by selecting the tailstock and round off the ends,
simple project can be “turned wood you want to use: a 2" x 2" x leaving enough to support the
out” in an afternoon or evening, 6" blank for the body and a 2" x blank at the headstock. The cat’s
and it lends itself to production 2" x 4" scrap for the head. body should be about 41∕2" long
work. The “Counter Cat” is a with a sausage-like shape slight-
great cook’s companion, holding Creating the Body ly bulging at the center. Sand
those recipes and instructions Mount the body blank onto the and part it off. Carefully make a
above any spills or splatters that lathe, holding one end with your flat area on the body by sanding
hit the countertop. Once you get scroll chuck and supporting the or cutting. This will be the bot-
all the steps set up, you’ll find other end with the tailstock. For tom or belly.
you can make a half dozen of your chuck, it may be necessary Secure the body for drilling
these gifts in a day. to turn a tenon on one end first. holes (see photo at right). At the
tail end, centered and close to the notes. Start them about 11∕2 " back Standing Steady:
top, drill a 1/4"-diameter hole from the front, angling them Two feet are added to the base side of
3/8" deep for the tail. At the head about 30° backward. Cut about the cat and then they, along with the
back end of the belly, get a sanding to
end, drill a 3/8"-diameter hole halfway through.
ensure that your recipes don’t tip over.
5/8" deep, centered and about
45° above the horizontal axis. Turning the Head
For the feet, drill two 1/2"-diame- Mount the head blank in the
ter holes 3/8" deep and about chuck and rough it down to a
1/4" apart on the front end of the cylinder, rounding off the end, as
body, sloping slightly downward shown on the next page. Turn a
near the end of the flat area. sphere that is 1/8" to 1/4" small-
Round off the end of a 1/2" er than the body’s diameter.
dowel and color it black with a Leave a tenon next to the chuck
marker or shoe dye. Cut off a that is 3/8" in diameter and 1/2"
3/4" piece from the end to make long. The shape of the sphere is
one foot, and repeat. Trial fit the not really critical (ever see a cat
feet into the holes in the body. with a perfectly round head)? The body is secured so that the hole for
When placed on a flat surface, Sand well and part it off. mounting the head can be drilled with a
3/8” Forstner bit.
you want the feet to slightly raise Test fit the head tenon in the
that end of the cat. Adjust as hole in the body. Allow clearance
needed and glue the feet into between the end of the tenon and
place. After the glue is set, place the bottom of the hole for excess
the body on sandpaper on a flat glue. With the head in place, use
surface and sand the feet flush a soft pencil to mark the locations
with the bottom of the body. Now for the eyes, nose and ears.
clamp the body securely against Remove the head and secure it
the miter gauge of your band saw, for drilling. Bore two 1/4" holes
using the flat bottom for position- 3/8" deep for the ears, two 3/16" Here, one foot is being trial fit and the
ing. Cut five slots into the back of holes 1/8" deep for the eyes and other is ready to be installed. Note that
the body for holding recipes or one for the nose that is 3/8" the belly of the cat has been sanded flat.
The Cat’s Right Ear Once you’ve trial fit the head on the
Use the Drawing above to make a body, sketch location lines for the nose,
template for the cat’s right ear. Note eyes and ears.
that its point is offset and that the
bottom tab is wider than the 1/4"
hole drilled for the ear. Form the left
ear by flipping the template over.
Turn the head blank into a sphere, and
include a 3/8" tenon for mounting before
parting the head free from the lathe.
diameter and 3/8" deep. Using a Transfer the template shapes In this photo, the nose and one eye have
black marker, darken the two eye onto the leather, and cut out both been drilled. Be sure to adjust the hole
sockets. Round off the end of a ears using scissors or a craft locations as needed as you progress.
3/8" dowel for the nose. Color it knife. Glue the ears into place.
black and cut it off to 1/2" long. Cut a 1/4"-wide strip of leather
Glue it in place. for the tail. Adjust the length as
desired. Glue it into the tail hole
Creating Ears and Tails in the body of the cat.
Now it’s time to make a paper
template for the ears, using the Adding Whiskers
Drawing shown above. Cats’ ears Next, find some material for the
are leaf-shaped and pointed. The whiskers, leaving them long to Use a black marker to darken the holes
point of the ear should be slight- ease handling. I used a few for the eyes and ears. Seal your wood
ly offset from center. The “stem” broom straws, which worked first, to prevent bleeding.
should be about 3/8" wide so great. Secure the cat in a padded
that the ears will be cupped vise with the face in a conven-
when inserted into their mount- ient position and lightly mark
ing holes. Cut out the template the positions for three whiskers
and label it “R” for the right ear. on each side. Using a rotary
Turn it over and label it “L” for cutter or similar tool, cut short
the left ear. Cut out and form the grooves at each mark. Now
template into an arc, placing the spritz the grooves with CA
template into the appropriate ear accelerator, and drip a small
hole in the head. The ears amount of glue onto one end of
should be held in a cupped shape each whisker. Place them into
by the narrow ear hole with the their prepared grooves. The CA
cupped surface toward the nose. glue will rapidly cure to hold
Be sure that “R” is toward the the whiskers in place. Repeat
nose for the right ear and the “L” for the other whiskers. Trim
for the left ear. The points of the the whiskers to an even and
ears should be toward the center appropriate length.
of the head. Adjust the template Wipe on clear lacquer or an
until your cat “looks right.” equivalent finish to complete
Find yourself some thin leather your recipe holder. Cut three small grooves on each side of
(mine came from an old billfold) the nose for the whiskers with a rotary
and identify which side you want John Giem wrote this article for tool. Attach them with accelerator and
facing the front of the cat. Woodworker’s Journal. drops of CA glue.
8OWUD3XVK%ORF
)HDWKHU/RF
)HHOFRQÀGHQWVDIHDQGVHFXUHZKHQ\RXXVH\RXUURXWHUWDEOH)HDWKHU/RFLVPDGHRIGXUDEOH
SRO\PHUUHWDLQVLWVÁH[PHPRU\DQGZLOOQRWPDU\RXUZRUNSLHFH7KHH[FOXVLYHEXLOWLQVHWXS
IHDWKHUPDNHVVHWWLQJWKHWHQVLRQIDVWHDV\DQGUHSHDWDEOH8OWUD3XVK%ORFJLYHVPD[LPXP
FRQWURODQGJULSSLQJSRZHU7KHERWWRPIHDWXUHVWKHVDPHJULSSLQJUXEEHUVXUIDFHIRXQGRQRXU
SRSXODU%HQFK&RRNLH:RUN*ULSSHUV)RUPRUHGHWDLOVKHDGWREHQFKGRJFRP
B
U MOLDERS
I 7 Y E A R WA R R A N T Y
L Why Settle?
T
Get the BEST.
APPLICATIONS
Straight • Curve • Elliptical
F
O
Model 206
R Molder
with Optional
Mobile Base
PATENTED
T
H
E Model
154CE
Molder
PATENTED
P
R
O
F Model
209
E Molder
PATENTED
S
S www.williamsnhussey.com
70 Powers Street • Milford, NH 03055
I Toll Free 800-258-1380
O
N
A W&H
C U S T O M & S TA N D A R D
L K N I V E S
BU I LT TO G O T H E D I S TA N C E
T
he term Shaker is sometimes seen as
denoting a furniture period, like Queen
Anne or Chippendale, but although
Shaker furniture making is a genre built to a
set of aesthetic principles identifiably different
than those of other genres of furniture making,
the Shaker genre is not based, even loosely, on
a historical period.
Shaker furniture making existed outside
American furniture periods, running sometimes
concurrently with them, sometimes trailing well
after the fact. Nevertheless, like the country
furniture tradition in which it is most deeply
rooted, Shaker furniture making drew deeply
from the high-style period furniture made in
the American urban centers, borrowing forms
and design motifs, translating them in the light
of the Shaker aesthetic.
Shaker tables, for example, often exhibit
straight leg tapers much like Hepplewhite tables
of the late 18th century, but unlike those high-
style models, Shaker tables with tapered legs
were nearly always simple and plain. Similarly,
this little Shaker candlestand Ñ a reproduction
of one from the Union Village
community near Lebanon,
Ohio Ñ borrows heavily
from the high-style
Chippendale tables of
the 18th century. Like
those Chippendale predecessors, this stand fea-
tures three graceful cabriole legs leading to a
turned pedestal that supports a top surrounded
13/16"
71/4"
Before beginning any new piece of furniture, the author makes a set of story sticks.
This piece required two such sticks. One is a pattern for the cabriole leg profile, and
the other is the stick shown above, on which the elements of the turned pedestal
have been marked off.
21 / 2 "
5
/16" 11/2"
9
/16" 27/16"
63/4"
This simple marking gauge allows the author to draw marks on a turned spindle that
are perfectly parallel to its axis of rotation. To mark the locations of the leg mortises,
he stops the lathe’s rotation by engaging the locking pin on its indexing head. He
then slides the jig (pencil point pressing lightly against the object) along the bed to
scribe a straight line.
23/4"
by a shallow turned lip. But this with a skew chisel and the coves
3
/ 8" somewhat stripped-down and with a 3/8" fingernail gouge. I
1
/ 2" 21/2" “Shakerized” version offers only added a 1"-diameter, 13/16"-long
7
/ 8" 15/8" a smattering of the turned and tenon at the top of the pedestal,
carved detail characteristic of which you’ll later fit into a
7
/16" 29/16" the American Chippendale mortise drilled into the bottom of
examples from which it evolved. the top support and the top itself.
23/4" The vertical centerline of each
25/16" Turning the Pedestal of the three legs is exactly 120
The pedestal consists of a succes- degrees apart from the other
sion of turned beads, coves and two. These distances are most
vases. After roughing in the easily located through the use of
33/8" cylinder, I marked these ele- an indexing head. An indexing
7
/16" ments by transferring them from head is a disk centered on the
Pedestal and Bottom a story stick (see top photo for lathe’s axis of rotation with a
Disk Elevation Drawings details), then created the beads number of equally spaced stop
holes drilled near its circumfer- mortise and the mark left by the
ence. It is a helpful feature now tailstock center. I added the
found on most lathes. My lathe extra marks because sometimes
has 36 holes, so the distance in cleaning up the bottom of
between adjacent holes is exact- the pedestal, I obliterate the
ly 10 degrees. tailstock’s center mark.
To mark the 120-degree seg-
ments on the base of the Making and Installing the Legs
pedestal, I engaged the indexing I clamped the pedestal to my
Square tenon shoulders won’t mate
tightly with a rounded pedestal. To head’s spring-loaded locking pin, bench top using a series of U-
create a tighter fit, the author bevels drew a line with the marking blocks and clamps, as shown in the
the areas underneath the shoulders. gauge shown in the bottom photos at left. Then I completed
Here, he’s marking these areas. photo, previous page, and the mortise marking process.
marked the centerline of one of The joinery on this pedestal
the pedestal’s legs. I then count- stand is unlike any I’ve seen on
ed off 12 stops on my indexing other Shaker pedestal stands.
head, engaged the locking pin, Many of these pieces have slid-
and marked the second center- ing dovetails, while others have
line. I repeated this to locate the simple tenons with a shoulder on
centerline of the third leg. I also each side. Each leg of this partic-
added marks on the base of the ular pedestal stand, however, has
pedestal halfway between each only one shoulder on the right
of these centerlines. These extra side of a fat tenon.
marks allowed me to later create I chopped out the mortises
lines on the bottom of the with a 1/2" mortise chisel and a
pedestal that form the center- wide paring chisel. I then turned
With a wide chisel, create the bevels that lines of each mortise on the my attention to the legs. In pro-
will lie under the leg shoulders. These bottom of the pedestal. file, these legs are much like the
bring the shoulder up tight against the You can achieve the same legs on many Chippendale-era
pedestal base. Pare carefully to your thing by connecting the bottom pedestal stands. They don’t,
layout lines, checking the fit periodically. of the centerline of each leg however, exhibit the car ving
mounted in the lathe. For exam- the lathe, so I embrace the timid Finishing Touches
ple, an object two inches in diam- approach. Although I use tools There’s a 6"-diameter support
eter mounted in a lathe with a that cut when I’m spindle under the candlestand top that I
speed of 400 rpm will have a rim turning, when I’m turning the turned on a faceplate. I then
speed of 209.4 feet per minute. A outside diameter of something attached the top support to the
12-inch object spinning at 400 mounted on a faceplate, I simply underside of the top using four
rpm will have a rim speed of an scrape — very carefully — until 11∕4 " #8 drywall screws. I aligned
astonishing 1,256.6 feet per I’ve rounded the entire outside the grain on this support so that it
minute, almost six times as fast. diameter. Then I shape it by was perpendicular to the grain
And that speed has real pushing little nibbles with the tip direction in the top itself. That
consequences at the work/tool of my skew until I’ve created the provides a small bit of resistance
interface. A careless move with shape I want. It’s not an elegant to the top’s inclination to curl
a gouge that might be a minor technique, but it works, and I’ve across the grain. I then bored the
event at 200 feet per minute never had an accident when 1"-diameter hole that receives the
could be disastrous at 1,200 feet turning on a faceplate. tenon at the top of the pedestal.
per minute. The actual excavation of the There is a small disk with a
That’s why I’m going to make top’s interior I achieved with a radiused edge on the bottom of the
two recommendations in regard spindle gouge I’ve reshaped so pedestal. I made the radius with a
to turning the top. First, turn that most of its tip is ground to a carving gouge and a rasp, although
that top at the slowest possible bevel. I then feed the tool to the I could have turned it on the lathe
speed. A speed of 100 rpm would work, from the center out, so only like the other pedestal components.
not be too slow. Second, unless one short section of the radius on Give the project a final sand-
you’re a great technician at the the end of that ground tip is in ing, add finish, and your
lathe, use a timid approach to contact with the work at any one elegant candlestand is done.
turning the outside edge where time. As you see in the bottom
the speed is greatest. photo (above), it gives me long Kerry Pierce wrote this article for
I’m not a great technician on shavings and solid control. Woodworker’s Journal.
79986X © 2013
large hoses, hard TRACTOR OWNERS!
shell collector, 3-Point Hitch, tractor-
commercial Walk-Behind mounted models also
engine options. Models Available! available.
Call for a FREE Catalog & DVD! Call for a FREE Catalog & DVD!
TOLL
FREE 877-200-6943 TOLL
FREE 877-200-6943
DRleafvac.com DRchipper.com
T
his is my second holiday
season as a woodturner,
and I’ve “graduated” from
making gifts of pens and bottle
openers to bowls. And, like
many woodturners, I’ve been
searching for a good way to
clean up, sand and finish the
bottoms of my bowls.
Jam chucks, Cole Jaw sets and
the strapping tape/faceplate
Recessed thumb method may be generally accept-
hole for easy
tightening ed practices, but once I ran across
this bowl chuck (also referred to
as a Longworth Chuck, after its
inventor), I knew it was just the
ticket. It is similar in concept to
a set of Cole Jaws: rubber
bumpers provide outside or inside
force to the walls of a bowl,
exposing its bottom and holding
it secure on the lathe for light
cutting, sanding and finishing.
82
Band saw two discs slightly oversized, fasten them together with short screws (left), and attach your faceplate to the center. Use a scraper
or gouge to carefully true up the discs, bringing them to final size and adjusting them so they’re concentric with the faceplate (center).
Trim the template to size, and affix it to the outer disc with spray-mount adhesive. Press it flat with a J-roller or a soft cloth (right).
Instead of using a scroll chuck’s stock (see sidebar, page 84). deepening cuts until the bit pass-
expansion and contraction to Since I’m more of a turner than a es through both discs. Back your
snug up the bumpers, this chuck router user, I enlisted the help of work up with scrap to prevent
uses contrary motion of the arc senior editor Chris Marshall to damaging your work surface.
patterns on two discs to move its carry out the routing tasks for Once you are done routing the
bumpers, which are bolted in making this chuck. arcs, keep the discs screwed
place using through-hole knobs. together. Put the jig on the lathe
There are eight arcs: four short- Getting Started and bore a 5/16"-dia. hole
er and four longer. With hard- To get started on the jig, secure through the center of the discs
ware in all eight arcs, the jig pro- your two disc blanks together using a Jacobs chuck in your tail-
vides eight points of contact for with four screws driven just stock. At this point, you can
larger pieces. If your workpiece inside the circle area, draw the unscrew the disks, but keep the
is smaller, you can remove the circle with a compass, and band faceplate attached.
hardware from the shorter arcs saw the assembly to rough size. I also drilled four recessed
— the four remaining points of Attach a faceplate to one side, thumb holes at 90° points
bumper contact will be sufficient then true up the discs on your around the front disc (see the
for smaller bowls. lathe. lead photo, previous page) using
The trickiest part of this jig is Now apply your paper routing a 1"-dia. Forstner bit. This makes
cutting the arcs. If you were a pattern with spray-mount adhe- tightening easier when securing
geometry whiz, you could lay out sive. The pattern includes marks a workpiece into the jig.
the arc pattern yourself, but I for pivoting a simple trammel jig I obtained my rubber bumpers
helped you bypass all of that mounted to a router, which cuts from Midwest Homebrewing
math by offering a paper pattern the arcs with a 5/16"-dia. straight Supplies (www.midwestsupplies.
that can easily be glued to your bit. Rout the arcs in a series of com); I used solid stoppers and
Mill the eight short and long slots all the way through both discs using a router and trammel jig. Here, the pivot point (a casing nail)
is registered in one of the pre-drilled centerpoint holes on the pattern (left photo). Using a series of shallow cuts, form each arc
down to your Masonite backer, which prevents tearout on the back side of the bottom disc.
2 2
Exploded View
Material List
TxWxL
1 Discs (2) 3/4" x 12" Dia.
2 Center Bolt, Washer, Nut (1) 5/16" x 21 ⁄ 2"
3 Rubber Stoppers (8) 11⁄ 4" Dia. x 1"
4 Bumper Bolts (8) 5/16" x 31 ⁄ 2"
5 Bumper Washers (24) 5/16"
6 Through-hole Knobs* (8) 13⁄ 8" Dia., 5/16"-18 Remount the routed disc assembly to
the lathe, and bore a 5/16" bolt hole
7 Hex-head Screws (4) 1"
through the center. A Jacobs chuck in
* Available at rockler.com (item 34134)
the tailstock drills it easily and accurately.
drilled the holes for a snug fit with and through nuts in each of the gear during its use. I use mine
the bolts. The flexibility of the rub- intersections (see Drawing mostly for sanding and finishing
ber provides extra “grip” as the above). Align the panels so the at low speeds, but it can also be
knob is tightened and the stopper bolts for the bumpers go through used for light cutting if you need
plumps out. My large discs are the same-length channel on both to clean up a bowl’s foot, too.
made from 3/4" plywood, but the front and back discs.
MDF could be used as well. Matt Becker wrote this article for
Before final assembly, I applied Putting It to Use Woodworker’s Journal.
a few coats of spray lacquer to With the jig now assembled,
both discs and some paraffin you’re ready to put it to work.
wax to the sides that will be Thread the faceplate onto your
Routing patterns are available online at
facing each other. This isn’t lathe’s headstock. I found that woodworkersjournal.com/longworth,
necessary, but I found that it it’s easiest to lock the spindle or send us a self-addressed, stamped
reduces friction and allows for and rotate the front disc using envelope: Longworth, c/o
smoother disc movement. the thumb holes. The eight bolts Woodworker’s Journal, 4365 Willow
Flip one disc over so the two will move in tandem around your Drive, Medina, MN 55340.
arc patterns face opposite direc- bowl, and tightening the knobs Alternatively, you can use a copier
tions. Fasten the discs through on the back will secure them in and resize the illustration on page 82
to 333% (12" disc). Also use the URL
the center hole with a bolt, wash- place. This jig adds a significant above to find a video demonstrating
ers and locking nut and then out- amount of spinning mass, so the chuck.
fit eight bolts, washers, bumpers make sure you’re wearing safety
UNIQUE SOLUTIONS
Our Dust Bags Feature Be your own boss!
¥Optimum Performance with a proven turn-key woodworking
¥ 1-Micron Filtration
¥ Custom Designs
program from ...
¥ Cleaner Air
¥ Longer Life
¥ Proudly Made In USA
Transform your shop into a furniture factory
Other Products We Offer
¥ 6-mil Poly Bags
¥ Quick Release Hose Clamps
¥ Self Adhesive Foam Gasket We Fix Dust
¥ Custom Transfer Sleeves Collection
¥ Cartridge Filters Problems!
Free Design Assistance for All Custom Made Dust Bags
...producing America’s most popular Adirondack-style furniture!
AMERICAN FABRIC FILTER CO.
www.americanfabricfilter.com 800-367-3591 877-212-1147 www.eureka-business.com
W
hen my son Dan
turned 21 years old, I
couldn’t buy him that
Honda Ridgeline pickup he
wanted, so I decided to do the
next best thing: I made him his
very own bottle opener in his
college team colors. What more
could a young man want?!
Wood Selection
Select a solid piece of hardwood,
with strength to the grain and
preferably with a nice grain
pattern. I hereby give you per-
mission to shop for lumber! For
Dan’s opener, I used a chunk of
ash, 6" long by 2" square (see
the full-page sidebar on page 88
for the finishing technique I
used). The maple handle, shown
in the bottom photo on the next
page, is shorter in length but
about the same diameter. The
walnut opener, shown in various
images here to outline the
turning process, is about 7" long
by 11∕2 " square.
Of course, the handle of these
bottle openers can be made in
any size and length you want. A
few years ago, I made a 14"-long
one for a friend. I was defying him
to not lose it! (I also drilled a hole centers on your lathe. To make
in the end and looped a length of sure the hole was centered on
leather through it so he could my lathe, I drew a small circle, The author parts the walnut handle off
hang it near his refrigerator.) centered around the hole and the lathe while it is still running (top). This
positioned the rim of my safety leaves just a small nib to be removed and
Drilling the Hole drive onto that circle. smoothed (bottom) before final finishing.
Before you turn the body of the Turn whatever form you
handle, drill a hole in one end. In desire, but leave a bit of wood on 88 for the stained-ash finish.)
order to ensure that the opener the butt end of the opener so that Attach the metal opener to the
part fits at 90˚ to the handle, you can clean up that area after handle by gently screwing the
make sure your stock is square you’ve finished turning. tang or a threaded insert into the
so that it sits at 90˚ on the table of Your method and equipment hole. It should be a snug fit with
your drill press. Draw an “X” on may vary from what’s shown in the threads cutting into the
each end, and punch a hole in the photos. If you use a spur wood. For a more permanent
each center with an awl. center, you must deal with the connection, use a small amount
Make sure the hole is deep prongs, at least with one end of of epoxy as well.
enough to account for any wood the wood. It’s probably best,
you turn away. I usually drill then, if you mount the wood with Appropriate Use of the Project
somewhat deeper than neces- the drilled hole at the tailstock. It I happened to have a bottle of
sary, just to make sure I end up would be helpful if you had a IBC root beer in my refrigerator.
with enough depth after the cone center for your tailstock. A But if memory serves me accu-
object is turned. Use a wood cone center allows you to center rately, Dan enjoyed his own
clamp to hold the wood securely the hole, which, in turn, centers brand of brew on his birthday in
and horizontally while drilling. the stock. Leave a small amount an appropriately adult fashion.
Another way of drilling the hole of wood at the headstock, spur See page 88 for finishing technique
would be to put the drill bit into a center-end, then cut it off with a
Jacobs chuck that is mounted in small handsaw when you’ve
your lathe’s tailstock. Put the finished turning.
wood blank into a four-jaw scroll I parted the walnut handle off
chuck, attached to the head- the lathe while the lathe was run-
stock. Drill the hole by advancing ning, and I left only a small nub
the tailstock while the lathe is on the butt end. This I cleaned up
running at a slow speed. (Of with my skew chisel and sanded
course, you could turn the entire quickly with a sanding pad in my
handle mounted this way after drill press.
the hole is drilled. Just make sure
you have a long enough length to Finishing
This shapely little
allow for holding it in the chuck.) I usually apply finish before I
project will
attach the metal opener. For the
provide service —
Mounting on the Lathe walnut handle, I used several coats and a memory of
Now that the hole is drilled, of oil. The maple handle received the maker — for
mount the wood blank between several coats of lacquer. (See page years to come.
I
often use this stain and liming- gold powder mixed into
wax finishing technique on ash the white wax. You can also
because it takes advantage experiment with using shoe
of its bold grain pattern and makes polish or acrylic paint instead of
for a very dramatic look. liming wax. I’ve had mixed results
You will need some type of ring- with those options, but others have The liming wax will remain imbed-
porous wood. Ash and oak work had dramatic success with acrylic ded in the open pores, yet will be
the best, with ash being my paint. Give them all a try. removed from the surface of the
favorite. It gives consistently For whatever project you are rest of the wood.
good results. The more curves making, sand the wood down to This finishing technique has
you use in your project, the more at least 220-grit abrasive. been around for many years. The
the grain shows up! Ever yone has discovered the only drawback I’ve discovered is
Supplies: some sort of wood dye, hard way that sanding scratches that it’s somewhat difficult to refin-
spray finish, liming wax and #0000 show up far too vividly when dye ish a scratched piece. Dye, finish
steel wool. I used Solar-Lux™ or stain is applied! and wax can create an unlimited
brand (made by Behlen), blood- Apply the dye. I saturate the variety of color combinations. It
red colored, alcohol-based dye. wood for a deep color. Let the works best for smaller projects or
Make sure you use a dye, not a dye dry for several hours. those that won’t be subjected to a
stain — a stain won’t work for this Sand slightly with #0000 steel lot of wear. I encourage you to try
type of finishing process. You wool. This leaves the surface it on your next project!
could also use leather dye or India smooth and reduces the sanding
ink or a water-based dye. that’s required later. Gently wipe Betty Scarpino served as a contributing
For the spray finish, I used the surface to clean off dust and editor to Woodworker’s Journal.
Deft® brand semi-gloss lacquer. steel-wool debris.
Liming wax is a white wax that Spray the object. I generally
comes in a can. I often use apply two medium coats of spray
Liberon’s version, but you can finish. The objective is to seal the
buy liming wax from Briwax, too. wood but still leave the open
For Dan’s bottle opener, I used pores open.
After the finish is dry, sand very
lightly with #0000 steel wool. Take
care not to rub hard, so you don’t
break through the lacquer. Apply
the liming wax, rubbing it gently
into the pores. Before the wax
dries too much, wipe the excess
off with a soft cloth or paper towel;
don’t rub hard. Again, use #0000
steel wool to gently remove the
remaining residue of liming wax.
EYl]jaYdk[g\],1.
www.panelpro.com Ɣ 800-599-1655
Wood carvings
3D carving on
1013 & 1015. Moulder Templates
Corian 1015 only.
Photos on acrylic, 1013 & 1015.
www.olivermachinery.net | info@olivermachinery.net | 800-559-5065
olivermachinery www.facebook.com/olivermachinery www.youtube.com/olivermachinery
Plastic laminate
on hardboard
Inexpensive Calipers
One reader has been successfully using the simple
homemade calipers shown above for many years now.
The calipers are made from scraps of plastic laminate.
Just lay out the required opening on a scrap piece,
then use the table saw and miter gauge to nibble away
the waste between the layout lines. The calipers are
very accurate, they keep their shape if you happen to
drop them and, being thin, they fit into the smallest
gaps on virtually any spindle turning. Best of all, your These Duplicator Patterns are made to last
homemade calipers donÕt cost a dime if you have a few If you reuse patterns with a duplicator, cover them
scraps of laminate left over from another project. with a layer of plastic laminate. The reinforced
One additional note: itÕs important to make the saw patterns will last a lot longer and keep their original
cuts deep enough so the caliper can reach past the shape better, and the duplicator stylus travels along
middle of the turning without contacting it. the smooth edge of the pattern with less drag. Be sure
to glue the plastic laminate to the base material before
you cut the pattern out.
210.080.10
The ultimate plywood,
melamine and laminate
saw blade for chip-free cuts!
2
1
Freud’s Other
Exclusive Router Bit
4 Cutter 2 Cutter
Design Design
3
4
How It Works!
Two large cutter wings shear Two small cutter wings shear
upward to remove most of downward for an ultra-fine finish,
the stock for fast, extremely even when routing crossgrain in
smooth cuts. delicate materials!
For more information visit: www.freudtools.com/Quadra-Cut Red router bits are a registered trademark of Freud America, Inc. (US) 1-800-472-7307