ANS NO.
1: 1G (or 1-G) refers to the first-generation
of wireless telephone technology, mobile telecommunications. These are the analog telecommunications
standards that were introduced in the 1980s and continued until being replaced
by 2G digital telecommunications. The main difference between two succeeding mobile telephone
systems, 1G and 2G, is that the radio signals that 1G networks use are analog, while 2G networks are
digital.
Although both systems use digital signaling to connect the radio towers (which listen to the handsets) to
the rest of the telephone system, the voice itself during a call is encoded to digital signals in 2G whereas
1G is only modulated to higher frequency, typically 150 MHz and up.
One such standard is NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone), used in Nordic
countries, Switzerland, Netherlands, Eastern Europe and Russia. Others include AMPS (Advanced
Mobile Phone System) used in the United States and Australia[1], TACS (Total Access Communications
System) in the United Kingdom, C-450 in West Germany, Portugal and South Africa,Radiocom
2000[2] in France, and RTMI in Italy. In Japan there were multiple systems. Three standards, TZ-801, TZ-
802, and TZ-803 were developed by NTT, while a competing system operated by DDI used the JTACS
(Japan Total Access Communications System) standard.
Antecedent to 1G technology is the mobile radio telephone, or 0G.
1. 1G service was based on a TDM voice infrastructure -- built around class x switches and 64 kbps slots.
It had data, but circuit switched over a 64Kpbs voice bearer.
2. 2G service had the same switched TDM backbone, but added a true Data Bearer and a digital voice
bearer. Data rates were still limited to the max 64kbps of a single time slot.
3. 2.5G added a packet bearer to the mix, still limited to 64kbps slots.
4. 2.5G does not necessarily provide faster services, because bundling of timeslots is used for circuit-switched data
services as well.
5. Three primary benefits of 2G networks over their predecessors were that phone conversations were digitally
encrypted; 2G systems were significantly more efficient on the spectrum, allowing for greater mobile phone
penetration levels; and 2G introduced data services for mobile, starting with SMS text messages.
6. The main difference between the two successful mobile telephone systems, 1G and 2G, is that the radio signals
that 1G networks use are analog, while 2G networks are digital.
7. 2.5G provides some of the benefits of 3G and can use some of the existing 2G infrastructure in GSM and CDMA
networks. General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a 2.5G technology used by GSM operators. Some protocols,
such as Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) for GSM and CDMA2000 1x-RTT for CDMA, can qualify as
3G services because they have a data rate of above 144 kbit/sec, but are considered by most people to be 2.5G
services (or 2.75G, which sounds even more sophisticated) because they are several times slower than "true" 3G
services.
Analysis of 1G and 2G services
In 1G, Narrow band analogue wireless network is used, with this we can have the
voice calls and can send text messages. These services are provided with circuit
switching. Today’s the usual call starts from the beginning pulse to rate to the final
rate. Then in case of 2G Narrow Band Wireless Digital Network is used. It brings
more clarity to the conversation and both these circuit-switching model.
Both the 1G and 2G deals with voice calls and has to utilize the maximum bandwidth
as well as a limited till sending messages i.e. SMS. The latest technologies such as
GPRS, is not available in these generations. But the greatest disadvantage as
concerned to 1G is that with this we could contact with in the premises of that
particular nation, where as in case of 2G the roaming facility a semi-global facility is
available.
2.5 Generation
In between 2G and 3G there is another generation called 2.5G. Firstly, this mid
generation was introduced mainly for involving latest bandwidth technology with
addition to the existing 2G generation. To be frank but this had not brought out any
new evolution and so had not clicked to as much to that extend.
