CONSISTENT PRESENTATION OF MEDICAL IMAGES:

MEDICAL WORKSTATION CALIBRATION

Tom Schulte

SpectraCal, Seattle, U.S.A.

Medical Image Quality Assurance

In years past, the quality of medical images was strictly controlled during the exposure, development,
and viewing of hard-copy film. With today’s digital imaging systems, the acquisition of digital images is
still tightly controlled, following most of the same practices used for film. However, with modern soft-
copy (computer) display systems, image quality control is often neglected during the display and viewing
process.
Medical personnel need to know that each soft-copy image they view is an accurate depiction of the
tissue and bone that were scanned. The presentation of each image must be repeatable to ensure that
every image is shown consistently every time it is viewed. A digital image which has good diagnostic
value when viewed on one viewing station should not look different when viewed on another station.
This could result in difficulty in reading images, compromised diagnostic value, or even misdiagnosis.
Reading difficulty and misdiagnosis due to inconsistent presentation of images can easily be avoided,
however, by applying existing technical standards with the medical display calibration tools available
today.

Types of Medical Images

There are two broad categories of patient images used in medical practices; radiology images and
medical video images.
Radiology images are scanner-sourced images that use some non-visible energy (e.g. x-ray, nuclear,
ultrasound, magnetic) to form an interior view of human body parts.
Medical video images are camera-sourced images that use visible light to form a surface view of human
body parts or samples. Medical video may be motion video or still video images used in endoscopy,
surgical, ophthalmology, dermatology, and microscopy applications.
Due to differing characteristics between scanner-sourced radiology images and camera-sourced medical
video images, there are different performance requirements for displays used to render the two types
of images. In the following sections, we first cover aspects of display requirements for radiology imaging.
We then cover medical video.

Scanned Radiology Images

Radiography, ultrasound, nuclear, magnetic, and other non-visible energy digital scanning systems are
designed to produce image luminance values that appear to be linearly related to the thickness or
density of the tissue and bone being scanned. These systems produce approximately logarithmic digital
image data, relative to the internal density characteristics of the scanned tissue or bone.

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The radiology images produced by these scanning systems, if displayed on an RGB computer monitor
with a logarithmic luminance response*, would produce luminance output levels with an approximately
linear relationship to the scanned object densities. There are two important factors to consider,
however, when displaying scanned radiology images on RGB computer monitors.
*A display’s luminance response function is the relationship between its digital drive levels (0-255 or 0-
1023) and the resulting display luminance.
First, computer monitors do not natively exhibit a logarithmic luminance response. Computer monitors
usually have a luminance response that is approximately a power function, with an exponent (gamma)
of 2.2, which is the industry sRGB standard for rendering web and other photographic images. Of
course, dedicated medical monitors are initially calibrated with the appropriate luminance response for
radiology images.
Second, the Human Visual System (HVS) exhibits an approximate logarithmic luminance response over
much of, but not its entire, range. The perceived difference in brightness between two luminance levels
(contrast sensitivity) depends on factors that include the absolute luminance level, the luminance
difference, the ambient lighting environment, and others. Including all factors, the contrast sensitivity of
the HVS is approximately logarithmic above a luminance level of about 20 cd/m 2 (Figure 1).

Figure 1: Above approximately 20 cd/m2 (in yellow), the contrast sensitivity of the Human Visual System
is almost purely logarithmic (linear plot with the log luminance scale). Below 20 cd/m 2 (in blue), the HVS
has decreasing contrast sensitivity.

However, at luminance levels below about 20 cd/m2, the contrast sensitivity of the HVS diverges from its
near-logarithmic response, with decreasing contrast sensitivity at the lower luminance levels (Figure 1).
Thus, the contrast between darker areas of scanned images must be increased to achieve perceptual
linearity between perceived image brightness and scanned object thi ckness/density, as presented on
electronic monitors. (Medical films on traditional light boxes produce luminance levels that are mostly
above 20 cd/m2 and don’t require this correction.)
Therefore, for accurate rendering of scanned radiology images, a monitor’s luminance response function
should be approximately logarithmic at higher image luminance levels, with additional compensation for
the reduced HVS contrast sensitivity at lower luminance levels.

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Radiology Imaging Standards and Guidelines
A wide range of monitor types are used to display scanned radiology images that are used for making
patient diagnoses and healthcare decisions. Since a given radiology image may be viewed at different
locations within a healthcare organization, on monitors with different native characteristics, images
produced by the same image file can present completely different visual appearance, information, and
characteristics on those different display devices. This inconsistent image rendering from one electronic
display to another in different viewing environments, if uncorrected, causes inconsistent clinical
perception.
Because the human visual system adapts to overall luminance, different display devices in different
locations, with different maximum luminance values, can produce consistent presentation of grayscale
images, provided that they have the same luminance ratio and the same luminance response function.
This consistent presentation of images across different display devices is the goal of imaging standards
for medical radiology displays.
A number of technical standards and practice guidelines for medical imaging digital displays have been
developed in the United States over the past 30+ years. Although these standards haven’t had
regulatory authority until recently in a few locales, they have been largely accepted by those medical
facilities that have implemented quality control programs for their radiology workstations.
DICOM Standard PS 3.14
In 1984, the American College of Radiology (ACR) and the National Electrical Manufacturers Association
(NEMA) formed a committee that produced the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine
(DICOM) standard[1]. The DICOM standard specified a luminance response model for grayscale images
on radiology displays known as the Grayscale Standard Display Function (GSDF).
The intent was to cause radiology images to be displayed on any DICOM-conforming display device with
a consistent grayscale appearance. Each step in digital value within an image should produce a
perceptually equal change in luminance, across the entire luminance range.
The DICOM Grayscale Standard Display Function (GSDF) insures that each image level captured by a
modality imaging device is uniquely perceivable on a DICOM conforming display. The GSDF relationship
between image values and displayed luminance is based on Barten’s model of human contrast
sensitivity[2,3]. The DICOM GSDF matches a display’s response to the nonlinear perceptual characteristics
of our eyes.
At low luminance levels, the DICOM GSDF departs from a near-logarithmic model to match the
nonlinear perceptual characteristics of the human visual system (Figure 2). The DICOM GSDF maps
image values to digital driving levels (DDLs), such that equal changes in digital image values produce
equal changes in perceived brightness. The brightness changes are measured in terms of just-noticeable
differences in luminance level (JNDs). This equal JND spacing of image brightness steps is called
perceptual linearization.

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 Figure 2: The DICOM GSDF function, showing the luminance on a log scale as a function of the JND index,
as obtained from Barten’s model of human contrast sensitivity. Note that the same perceived contrast
(JND range) can result from different absolute luminance differences.

The DICOM GSDF is the standard luminance response model for viewing grayscale medical images and is
designed to reproduce approximately the same experience on digital displays that we would have when
viewing radiology film. By standardizing and mapping displays to the contrast sensitivity of the human
eye, DICOM calibration insures that a given difference in gray levels appears the same from one display
to the next. This is consistent presentation of images.

Figure 3: Measured luminance response of typical uncalibrated monitor, compared to DICOM GSDF
standard response.

Note that the DICOM Standard defines the GSDF luminance response model for radiology monitors, but
doesn’t specify any test procedures or acceptance criteria. AAPM and ACR fulfil those needs.

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 AAPM TG18 Guidelines
In 2004, Task Group No. 18 of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) published their
On-Line Report No. 03 - Assessment of Display Performance for Medical Imaging Systems [4]. The intent of
the report was “To provide standard guidelines to practicing medical physicists, engineers, researchers,
and radiologists for the performance evaluation of electronic display devices intended for medical use.”
The scope of the guidelines was limited to display devices that are used to display monochrome medical
images. The guidelines provide test procedures and tools for evaluating the performance of radiology
imaging displays. These include procedures for qualitative (visual) assessments of display performance
as well as procedures for quantitative (measured) assessments of display performance.
The guidelines also provide a set of test patterns for the qualitative and quantitative assessments. The
TG18 guidelines also recommended quantitative (measured) QC acceptance criteria that were
achievable by CRT displays.
ACR Technical Standards and Practice Guidelines
The American College of Radiology (ACR), in collaboration with the American Association of Physicists in
Medicine (AAPM) and the Society for Imaging Informatics in Medicine (SIIM), has published practice
guidelines and technical standards[5,6] that, in part, cover radiology imaging displays.
The ACR acceptance criteria for radiology diagnostic, mammography, and clinical displays is covered
below, in the Luminance Factors section.
The ACR Practice Guidelines & Technical Standards recommends QC acceptance criteria that are now
achievable by LCD displays.

Color in Radiology Images

Although grayscale monitors are most commonly used on radiology reading room workstations, color
monitors (both medical and commercial grades) are now being heavily used for clinical workstations and
for some diagnostic workstations. The use of color has become significant for clinical images obtained
from radiography, ultrasound, nuclear, CT, and MRI, and the color information is being used more and
more for decision-making.
Even when color is not required, commercial grade color monitors, rather than medical grade grayscale
monitors, are often deployed in primary diagnostic and clinical review imaging stations for purposes of
economy. Using color monitors in these formerly grayscale applications does add the need to test for
consistent and accurate presentation of both grayscale and color, to not degrade the diagnostic value of
either grayscale or color images presented on these color monitors.
Color Standards
There is no standard yet for how color radiology images are to be rendered on medical monitors (as
opposed to camera-sourced color medical video images). Medical grade color radiology monitors are
calibrated using DICOM GSDF. However, DICOM calibration doesn't correct a monitor’s color
performance. And, DICOM calibration decreases the contrast of camera-sourced color medical video
images. As the DICOM GSDF does for grayscale levels, there needs to be a method to create perceptual
linearity between color levels in medical images.
Practice guidelines and standards for rendering color on medical displays are being established. Just as
the JND metric is currently used to create perceptually uniform grayscale steps, the delta E 2000 color
difference metric will be used to create perceptually uniform color steps. DICOM, AAPM, and ICC are

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 currently coordinating efforts to develop methods and standards for consistently displaying color images
on medical displays and CalMED is ready to implement those standards.

Luminance Factors for Radiology Displays

The luminance due to ambient light reflected from a monitor screen reduces the ability to distinguish
individual image levels in the darker parts of a scanned image, if the luminance of the darkest image
level is close to that of the ambient luminance. The ambient luminance effectively compresses or
‘washes out’ the darker parts of the image and reduces the contrast in the image (Figure 4).
However, a certain amount of ambient room light is required in a reading environment, to avoid
eyestrain and to facilitate movement and interaction with other items in the area. It is recommended
that about 20 lux of diffuse ambient light be used in diagnostic reading rooms. This is generally sufficient
to avoid most screen reflections and still provide sufficient light for the human visual system to adapt to
the surrounding environment and the displays.

Figure 4: Ambient light, when added to a display’s native (uncalibrated) luminance response, causes the
darkest image levels to be compressed, blending them together.

Minimum Luminance, Ambient Offset

The lowest luminance elements of an image (Lmin) will not be visible if they are darker than the ambient
reflected luminance (Lamb). To insure accurate visual perception of all image luminance levels, the
luminance produced on a particular monitor by an image’s darkest level needs to be significantly higher
than that monitor’s ambient luminance level.
This means that a monitor’s native “black level” normally needs to be increased, to enable accurate
perception of the darkest image elements. Because digital RGB monitors don’t usually have a black level
control, the image black level needs to be increased before the image pixel values are applied to the
monitor as digital drive levels. This is done with a lookup table (LUT) of correction values written to the
workstation graphics adapter.
According to the latest ACR technical standards for electronic medical imaging, the lowest luminance
level from a scanned image (Lmin) needs to be at least four times the luminance level due to reflected
ambient light (Lamb). Also, the lowest image luminance level plus the ambient luminance level (L’min)*,
needs to be at least 1.2 cd/m 2 for mammography displays, 1.0 cd/m2 for primary diagnostic displays, and
at least 0.8 cd/m2 for all other radiology displays.

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 *The presence of the prime symbol in L’min indicates the inclusion of ambient light.
Note that higher levels of ambient light can be tolerated when viewing medical films on light boxes,
because, as noted above, the lowest luminance levels produced by trans-illuminated films are mostly
above 20 cd/m2; much higher than the lowest luminance levels produced by computer monitors
displaying scanned medical images.
Maximum Luminance
The maximum luminance of a scanned radiology image (Lmax) needs to be high enough to yield
sufficient image contrast (JND range) to visually detect each image luminance level difference.
According to the ACR technical standards, a monitor’s maximum luminance needs to be at least 420
cd/m2 for diagnostic x-ray mammography, 350 cd/m2 for diagnostic x-ray radiography, and at least 250
cd/m2 for all other modalities. Multiple monitors on a radiology workstation should have no greater
than a 10% difference in maximum luminance between the monitors.
Luminance Ratio
A monitor’s luminance ratio (LR) is the ratio of the monitor’s maximum luminance to its minimum
luminance, including ambient (L’min). The monitor’s LR is basically its contrast ratio in the presence of
ambient light.
Because the human visual system adapts to the average luminance of a still image, and is not able to
optimally adapt to very bright and very dark regions at the same time, we need to limit an image’s
overall luminance ratio to a value for which the HVS has reasonably good adapted contrast response. If
we reproduce images with a luminance ratio above about 500, no contrast will be perceived in dark
regions of the images. If we reproduce images with a luminance ratio below about 250, however, the
image will lack sufficient contrast between individual image levels and will appear washed out.
According to the ACR technical standards, a monitor’s luminance ratio needs to be about 350 for
optimum contrast (on diagnostic and mammography monitors), and at least 250 for acceptable contrast
(on clinical review monitors). The luminance ratio should be consistent on all radiology workstations
throughout a medical facility to assure consistent presentation of images.
Note that a monitor’s ability to produce a desired luminance ratio depends primarily on the monitor’s
maximum luminance capability, along with its minimum luminance level (increased to compensate for
ambient light). Medical and high end commercial grade monitors will likely be able to produce a suitable
luminance ratio, but many commodity-priced commercial grade monitors may have marginal or
insufficient maximum luminance (measured in cd/m2, inaccurately called brightness) to produce a
desired luminance ratio.
Bottom Line
Because the human visual system adapts to overall brightness, different display devices , with different
maximum luminance values, can give consistent presentation of images provided that they have:
1. The same luminance ratio (LR), and
2. The same luminance response model (DICOM GSDF).

Grades of Viewing Monitors

RGB monitors of various performance grades are used to view scanned images on radiology viewing
stations, depending upon each viewing station’s purpose, be it for primary diagnostic, clinical review, or

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technologist modality workstation. Monitors used for medical imaging may be purpose-built medical
grade monitors or they may be commercial grade monitors. Both purpose-built medical grade monitors
and commercial grade monitors are able to fill the needs for rendering radiology scanned images in
various use cases.
Commercial Grade Monitors
Commercial grade monitors typically have lower luminance output and no luminance stabilization
feature, compared to medical grade monitors. They are typically set to produce their maximum
luminance output, typically 200-350 cd/m2, during initial setup. Without automatic luminance
stabilization, commercial monitors are unable to maintain constant luminance during backlight warm-up
time. When the monitor is first turned on, luminance output tends to be lower until the backlight warms
up. They slowly increase to maximum luminance over the first 30 to 60 minutes of run time.
Also, a bright commercial monitor that produces 350 cd/m2 when put into service decays to 250 cd/m2
in about 18 months. Since 250-350 cd/m2 is considered the appropriate luminance range for viewing
radiography images, the brightest commercial grade monitors maintain acceptable luminance for only
about 18 months.
Medical Grade Radiology Monitors
Medical grade radiology monitors, which are usually used on diagnostic stations in hospital radiology
reading rooms, have several features that make them most suitable for use on critical diagnostic reading
stations.
Medical grade monitors are generally capable of much higher luminance than commercial monitors,
typically producing 300-1100 cd/m2. Medical grade monitors typically have a backlight capable of
producing much more luminance than required when the monitor is new. This surplus luminance
capability is beneficial because medical grade monitors have a luminance stabilization circuit, with
feedback from a backlight sensor, which adjusts the backlight luminance down to the desired output
level (250-350 cd/m2).
Since a medical grade monitor has extra initial luminance capability, it adjusts its backlight output to
compensate for natural luminance decay, keeping the luminance output constant over time. This
backlight feedback circuit is capable of maintaining constant luminance not only over the long term life
of the monitor (usually about 5 years), but also in the short term, during monitor warm-up.
An advantage of brighter displays is that they allow radiologists to work in brighter reading
environments, reducing viewing fatigue. The display’s minimum luminance should always be regulated,
though, to produce the optimum luminance ratio. Per ACR: “For brighter monitors, L'min, should be
proportionately larger to maintain the same LR.”
Medical grade radiology monitors may also have a front calibration sensor. The sensor will be integrated
with an auto-calibration function within the monitor.
Medical Grade Mammography Monitors
Medical grade monitors designed for viewing mammography images are generally capable of higher
luminance than even general radiology medical monitors, some over 1500 cd/m2. This is desirable for
displaying mammography images, which tend to be much darker than other x -ray images.
Like general radiology medical monitors, mammography monitors have a luminance stabilization circuit,
with feedback from a backlight sensor, which adjusts the backlight luminance down to the desired
output level (420 cd/m2 for mammography).

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 The front calibration sensor that is optional on general radiology medical monitors is standard on all
mammography monitors. An auto-calibration function within the monitor uses the front sensor for
DICOM conformance tests and calibration.
All monitors used to display scanned radiology images require both initial and annual calibration and
periodic conformance testing to insure conformance to industry performance guidelines. Medical grade
monitors, with their automatic luminance stabilization circuits, usually require quarterly conformance
testing and only annual recalibration, while commercial grade monitors may require quarterly or
monthly recalibration to assure continued conformance.

Radiology Workstation Test Schedule

Both AAPM and ACR recommend a regular schedule of workstation testing. Following is a typical test
schedule that ensures continued compliance to industry standards, high reading efficiency, and no
contribution to misdiagnoses due to poor image quality.
Annual Tests - Performed by medical physicist
• Test ambient lighting
• Calibrate display(s)
– Run integrated calibration software, if available, or
– Calibrate with CalMED software and certified external meter.
• Validate display conformance
– Perform full range of visual tests with test patterns.
– Conformance test with CalMED software and certified external meter.
• Document Results
– Save CalMED conformance report.
Quarterly/Monthly Tests - Performed by medical physicist or QC tech
• Test ambient lighting
• Analyze display conformance
– Perform luminance response visual tests (review TG18-QC and TG18-CT patterns).
– Conformance test with CalMED software and certified external meter.
• If poor conformance, calibrate display(s)
– Run integrated calibration software, if available, or
– Calibrate with CalMED software and certified external meter.
• Validate display conformance
– Conformance test with CalMED software and certified external meter.
• Document Results
– Save CalMED conformance report.
Daily/Weekly Tests - Performed by workstation user

• Perform luminance response visual tests (review TG18-QC and/or TG18-CT patterns).

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Radiology Imaging CalMED Calibration
The Radiology Imaging Technical QC workflow that is provided with CalMED guides us through the
process of calibrating a radiology imaging display by implementing industry standard radiology imaging
guidelines from DICOM, AAPM, and ACR. An outline of the workflow (Figure 5) is viewable when you
open the left hand CalMED panel.

Figure 5: An outline of the Radiology Imaging workflow appears when you open the left hand CalMED
panel. Sections 1 and 2 of the workflow, Initial Setup and Workstation Analysis are used to test whether a
display conforms to industry standards. Sections 3 and 4, Display Optimization and Workstation
Calibration, are used to calibrate a display for conformance.

The workflow first guides us through measuring the ambient luminance, setting our minimum luminance
target for the display, and then testing the display for conformance to the standard acceptance criteria.
If the test shows the display to be in conformance, we can save, view, and/or pri nt a conformance
report for the display.
If the conformance test shows that the display is not in conformance, we can then proceed to the
additional workflow steps to optimize any controls on the display and then calibrate the workstation.
This would be followed by a repeat of the conformance test, to validate and document the display’s
conformance to the standard acceptance criteria.
For a detailed walkthrough of the CalMED Radiology Imaging workflow, see the paper Medical Display
Calibration Walkthrough, available for download at:
http://www.spectracal.com/Documents/White%20Papers/MedicalDisplayCalibrationWalkthrough.pdf

Medical Video Standards

Images viewed on medical video displays originate from cameras, rather than from scanners. These
endoscopic and still image cameras are used in surgery, ER, clinics, dermatology and pathology, among
others.
Camera-sourced medical images conform to the 1999 sRGB standard from the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Consumer digital cameras and internet images also follow the sRGB
standard, which was designed to be appropriate for brighter viewing environments. The sRGB luminance
response model starts with a linear section just above black (gamma of 1), then transitions to a power

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 function at higher levels, with a gamma of 2.4. The gamma over the entire luminance range averages to
about 2.2.
The sRGB white point (D65) and color gamut (primary colors) are the same as for studio monitors and
HDTV.

Medical Video CalMED Calibration

The Medical Video workflow that is provided with CalMED guides us through the process of calibrating a
medical video display by implementing the sRGB industry standard. An outline of the workflow (Figure
6) is viewable when you open the left hand CalMED panel.

Figure 6: An outline of the Medical Video workflow appears when you open the left hand CalMED panel.
Sections 1 and 2 of the workflow, Initial Setup and Workstation Analysis are used to test whether a
display conforms to industry standards. Sections 3 and 4, Display Optimization and Workstation
Calibration, are used to calibrate a display for conformance.

The workflow first guides us through testing the medical video display for conformance to the sRGB
standard. If the test shows the display to be in conformance, we can save, view, and/or print a
conformance report for the display.
If the conformance test shows that the display is not in conformance, we can then proceed to the
additional workflow steps to optimize any controls on the display and then calibrate the workstation.
This would be followed by a repeat of the conformance test, to validate and document the display’s
conformance to the sRGB standard.
For a detailed walkthrough of the CalMED Medical Video workflow, see the paper Medical Display
Calibration Walkthrough, available for download at:
http://www.spectracal.com/Documents/White%20Papers/MedicalDisplayCalibrationWalkthrough.pdf

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Summary
It is critical to provide consistent presentation of medical images, in order to optimize reading efficiency
and diagnostic value and to avoid misdiagnoses due to compromised image quality. The medical
industry has developed, and continues to develop, technical standards and practice guidelines that
follow the characteristics of the human visual system when rendering images on soft-copy electronic
monitors.
By maintaining a consistent luminance ratio and luminance response model plus appropriate luminance
levels across all displays, you can ensure that medical images will be displayed consistently and
accurately on all imaging workstations throughout a medical network. By maintaining conformance to
the appropriate industry standards, both radiology imaging and medical video workstations will
consistently render their respective images for efficient and accurate reading.
The CalMED Radiology Imaging and Medical Video workflows provide easy to use processes for routinely
testing workstation conformance to standards and, when necessary, provide fast and accurate
calibration processes to bring workstations into conformance. Both CalMED workflows provide
conformance reports to fully document a workstation quality assurance program.

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References
1. NEMA: Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM), DICOM PS3.14 2015a - Grayscale
Standard Display Function. Available at
http://medical.nema.org/medical/dicom/current/output/pdf/part14.pdf
2. Barten PGJ. Physical model for contrast sensitivity of the human eye. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng.1992;
1666: pp57–72.
3. Barten PGJ. Contrast Sensitivity of the Human Eye and Its Effects on Image Quality. Bellingham, WA:
SPIE Press; 1999.
4. Assessment of Display Performance for Medical Imaging Systems, American Association of Physicists
in Medicine (AAPM), Task Group 18. Available at
http://deckard.mc.duke.edu/~samei/tg18_files/tg18.pdf
5. ACR–AAPM–SIIM Technical Standard for Electronic Practice of Medical Imaging, Res. 39 – 2014.
Available at
http://www.acr.org/~/media/ACR/Documents/PGTS/standards/ElectronicPracticeMedImg.pdf
6. ACR–AAPM–SIIM Practice Parameter for Determinants of Image Quality in Digital Mammography
Res. 36 – 2012, Amended 2014 (Res. 39). Available at
http://www.acr.org/~/media/ACR/Documents/PGTS/guidelines/Image_Quality_Digital_Mammo.pdf

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SpectraCal, Inc.
17544 Midvale Avenue N., Suite 100
Shoreline, WA 98133
+1 206 420 7514
www.spectracal.com
info@spectracal.com

About SpectraCal:
SpectraCal specializes in the tools and training necessary to achieve images
representative of the original subjects for environments from low to high
ambient light while achieving the dynamic range, contrast, and colorimetry
necessary for the image to have the proper presentation to the viewer.
SpectraCal CalMED software was developed to support medical personnel in
the step by step process of workstation calibration. The foundation of
medical workstation calibration is to understand the elements in a display
that require adjustment and how each element inter-relates to the others.
From its inception, CalMED has earned rave reviews and has become the
preeminent medical workstation calibration software on the market,
compatible with virtually all color meters available today. As the medical
industry and display technology evolves, CalMED continues to provide the
first choice for medical workstation calibration solutions.

More Information:
For more information on CalMED medical workstation calibration:
Visit: http://calman.spectracal.com/calmed.html ,
Email: info@spectracal.com , or
Phone: +1 206 420 7514.

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