2 = Trawforwns The 2-trourterm provides the Solution fe Lines. Comstaut Coefficient Liffenential equation, Releting ARe impot amd outpot chigtial Siguele iv He Tore Oman . DA aives A metRod for the analysis of olisonede He Systums im AR. frequency dolores, Au Anerley filter con be cleccrtbed by Oo frequency clome'w Prawrden fouction Re, gemenal dorm Hisy- KCs-21) (s-2a) (S-23) - - - (S-P,) C8-ba) (S-ba)- ~~ tohene Sis He laplace Vanioble Ome k Ts Covstaut The poles P, pba Ps ~-- Quel zgenos 2)572923 - Cow be plotied in the Cowplex S-plone. The Travfer fouchen H(z? ackigiia! Plier moy be cleacnibed a K (2-21) (2-22) C 22g) - -- H(2) = (2-bi) (2-ba) (2-b3) - -- Herne Re variable 2 is not dh Same as Vario §. Fer Sxampl Ha frequemey rerpowre of oligited filter i detenmined by Sobetileting 2= eI¥, Bot iw avalog Care S=zux where Os is Qugplar prequency in kacio Per Secovd.The omer buais of any Sawpled Sigual oy Sawpled: olata System fn froqueucy down is extremely chtticert Sing S- plaus Ueprereatoion + Because Th Sigua Ons Syotem Equoton will Cowtain infinite Lowy Polynowsals clue te He choracteristic finite Wourber of Poles aval zeros. This problem Con be overcome by osiug Re 2- Rowleow. tobich reduces +Re Poles avd ZeRs to a Pite wowlenr In the 2—p lane. . Tre Porpose et HR 2rplaye 2-prowrforur 'S to map cy tramrferm awy Poid S=tatyu in in HR S-plane to a Cornero cling poivd 2(rLle) iv tke 2-plaue by HR relationship 2-7 shin Tis Sample Pelee eect Perioal. in i) (Secousls)Definition ef 2-Havnforn The 2-dransform ef a cserete time Sigvel xOn) iS le}ined art Power Series ee ZL ]= xX(z)> oF xO)er — OU) h--0 Whine 2 is a Complex variable. This exprersion Is Qewally Referrecl to as Re two Stolect 2- Peawrfore Y x) is « Causal Sequence , X(n)=0 for h lal Valve of 2. for which Xx (2) becom Zero js Called Zeros Oud Valve 2 for lwhlich x(2)—5 00 ts Callecl PolesSo 08 2 X(2) No Qo Here Poles arncot 2-0 Curd Zeros ara of 2Z=0 Se Uuaion of Comvensimce (Roc) ts Tapordaut Properticn of He ROC fon HR Z-Rewnform (1) X(2d Converges Cvrtermly if cud only Re Roc of Re 2 taavaonn Sole 4B. eee Inclodes HR OWt Gel, The ROC of X29 Comsists of aig in He 2-plans Cemtensd cbovt Aha origin. That is TR Roe of Te 2-hawrferm ot x(n) has Valves of 2 for Which xt) is absolvtely Sowweblk oo oe [xeon |< hee (2) The ROC cloes not Coutain any poles (3) When xn) is of Hulte olvrodion Hun the Roe jeep eubye 2-plavs except Pessibly2= 0 cmd Jos 2-2 a) 4 x00) is Right Siclecl Seqvuewee AR. ROC wai }) hot fuclucl © MMH ‘(V) Tp x(n) is a Left Stolect Sequence, +R. ROC toll wot Imcluck 2=0 However ip r(n)so forall nro Re ROC wil) Incluck. 2 =0 (5) Th xn) is cavsel, Rent. ROC imeludes 2200 (6) Thrtn) ts aud Cousel pan +e ROC inclodesz=0 (7) Tp XC2) is rational, Ren tRe ROC exter to infinity Te ROC ts bovreded by poles Exoweple Qelervaine He 2raurform of He follousiuy Hvite Avraton Sivols. (a) xO) =P 3, Rahs T2e) 0 Taking a ronrfermetien , Wwe oe X C22 3234 2244824 54721425 ROC: Evtive 2-plone except 2-02 2=00 (b) x(n) = C112 814, 6114 Taking 2- rawrferw wege . XC2y= j4en2e52ttus 42 Roc: Evtve 2- ploue except 2=0© xtnjy= §() impobe fonchon se co t Xz) 2 NN xty) 2" - eee 9 ne- a Ta 34 dln) 0 , mee, Kae 8 St) 24 Wee = BCA) 2% SCE + SSE ~ ~~ xXeY= | . ET ROC: Entye 2- plane (dA) xtny2 § Cn) S(vk)=t fernel ERI =e OARertsi se . co X22 8 SCrk)2 nz-00 S(n-k)=1 ond, ot nek XCz)e 2% 227k X(2z) =27&e se ROC: Eutive 2-plane encept 2-0 (2) xl -§ (nt) & Mtk)=t for he-k & kxo = © oFfRrwise XQMe= i S(n4i) 27 he? § (ntk)>! owky ot nekX(2) = 12% x(2) = 2's ROC: Evtive 2 plane except 2=%7Properties of 2-drawrfanw lo Leneanity aI Xin) << > XiC2) E x(n) 2-9 Xyl2) then K(wd= 0, %, Cn) + yy ln) 2 XC2I= 0) Xil2)4 As Xa (2) Lolrere Ap aud Ag ane arbitrary Constavd Example » Determine the 2-hawrforn ef the Sgual xtnye SCra 43 Saya C$ le3)- FOr: Sol vsing HR. Lnconity property XC2d= 2 S8CHA HA 328 SON44 620 $l-3)$-26 $04) USivg 4D. 2-trawformation X(2ye 2434 623-24 Roc: Eutye 2- plaue except 2=° b2=0 Exowpl. - Rd He 2-4rawsferm of Ln) = Coo Wo(n) fornz0 Sol “l= Car Wo we 1 feerrne elven] 2. (e3"e) 2¥ en, - Jwoy-l nie-20 "Ele y- pam -I 2 (eI ), ZS ep Jwon oh nee = of ZY) - XC2)= [ 2cer") + 2( eden) | Pail 2 | l wo} + _ a IWe, +} 1-32) eel