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    Class 10 Trigo PDF

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    Ri aud Introduction to Trigonometry Trigonometric Ratios and Identities Trigonometry INTRODUCTION Section - 1 In previous classes you have been given a glimpse of the science of trigonometry. Trigonometry is the science of ‘measuring triangles. In this chapter, we will discuss trigonometric ratios in more detail, learn simple identities based on simple formulae of trigonomettical ratios and deal with basic applications of trigonometric ratios in triangles and regular polygons, 1.1 Trigonometric Ratios : Suppose an acute angle ZXAY = has been given. ‘Take any point Pon AY. Draw PM.LAX, Insight triangle AAMP, we have: Base =AM= 2, Perpendicular =PM = y, and Hypotenuse = AP =r, ‘The following ratios ate called trigonometric ratios. Perpendicular Hypotenuse 7 @ sind Base _ x (iy eosin 6 = [=F denoted by cost. Hypotenuse 7" Perpendicular _y Base (iil) Tangent = Base x (9) Cotangent= Sera Hypotenuse _ (9) Secant = TEST = = denoted by sec8. Hypotenuse (i) Cosecant = Perpendicular y . denoted by sind, denoted by tand . denoted by car6. + denoted by cosecé. Set Study Course for TEE with One Support 1 a RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIFFERENT TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS Section - 2 2.1 Reciprocal Relations : 8 + 8 4 ) coseed= essing = L 1 Wy) seed= co 1 + Gi) cot = sand = 5 2.2 Quotient Relation of Trigonometric Ratios : tano = 208 cos ‘cos = 2288 sind 2.3. Powers of Trigonometric Ratios : sin? =(sin8)? sin? = (sin) 0528 = (cos)... Note: > Trigonometric ratios are defined for an acute angle 6, > The trigonometric ratios are same forthe same angle. > sin0°=0, cos 0” sin90°=1, cos90"=0 1an 90°, see 90°, cosee 0°, cot O° are not defined and tan 0° TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES Section - 3 An equation involving trigonometric ratios of an angle 6, which is true forall given values of 8 for which the trigonometric ratios take real values, is called a Trigonometric Identity Note :3cos*0— 4cos0= cos6(3cos0— 4) is an identity where as 3cos*9— 4cos0= 0 is an equation since it is satisfied only for some particular values of @ and not forall values of 6 3.1 Fundamental Trigonometric Identities : sin? + cos se2= 1 + 1an*0 cose? = 1+ cot? » From the given figure, we have: xt4yt=r (By Pythagoras theorem) * 2 ee Self Study Course for IITJEE with Online Support Trigonometry =| Hence, sin?@+c0s%8 =1 2 > vero 1 +(2} “ed ty. sec? “ “ (: 24y=P) Important Results : Learn the following identities thoroughly as they will be helpful in proving the other identities. cos?8 (sin? + cost@ =1 (i) cost =1- sin? iil) sin? (iv) sec*0~ tan? = 1 ©) se = 1 +1an%9 (oD tan®0 = sec? ~ (i) cose coh =1 ) cosect® = 1+ cor? (i) coP@ = cosec?@—1 tus EY i toning sents (1+ cor) sin? (i) sits (il) cosec?B + sec®= cosee® sec*B Lian? A SOLUTION : 0) LHS.=(1+ co?) sin’ Scosec'A sin’A (+ cosec*A=1+cotA) Self study Course for ITIEE ith Online Support NNER” 5 Trigonometry - | (i) LHS. =sintas Hsin + (2 se2A=1 + 1an?%A) eA sin’ + cosh RHS. (es sin A+ c0PA=1) TOMER LHS, =cosec?0+ sec8 1 1 © sin? 8 cos* 8 cos? 8 + sin? 8 08? 8 sin? 8 1 a am 8 cor sin cor B = cosec'0 sec = RUS, Mlustrati Show that cos _Lbsind ® T=sind cos a SOLUTION £08 = Train @ LAs cos (sind) = C= sind VL sind) ‘cos B(1+ sin) = ain? cost (1+sind) = cos? 8 Li sind 050 [Frcosd Teor 2, [@res@? _ |idrcosa? TY t= cos* 0 sin? 1_, cos win sind sin (i) LHS. = cot rand e058 @ Las eos Leos _c088 _ sin® _ cos? 8 ~ sin? ind cord cosOxind _ 08° 8 ~(1~c0s? 8) - ‘sinOcos@ 60° 0-14 co _ 2 cos! ~ ‘sin8cos8 sinBcos 8 cosecO+cot8 (iii) cot — tan = 2eos* 0-1 sind cos0 [(Multiplying numerator and denominator by (1+ sin6)] [is 1=sint@= cos*6) [Multiplying and dividing within the squate root sign by (1 +c0s6)] = cosec0+cot0 = RHS. (© sint0= 1 coe) =RHS. 4 REE. seas course fort ste with ontne Support Rie ene Trigonometry - | MEE) Prove shar: cosO cos 0 sind Te sind 0 (ii) sin®A + sin®A tan?A = tan" i) (cosA + sind)? + (cosA ~ sind)? = 2 SOLUTION: 058 _ cosB(L-+sin8) + cos B(L~ sin) 0 EHS rein (sin ) (sin 8) _ £050 4.6050 sinD+cos ~ cos sind _2cos0__2 = = 22500 insin@ cos C050 (Gi) LHS. =sin®A + sin®A tanta = sin (1 + ran?A) =sin'A(sec*A) (se = 14+ tanta) fia {seca=—1_} TPA (Ao cea] =1ar'A=RHS. (il) LHS. = (cos + sind)? +(cosA — sind)? = costA + sin’A + 2cosA sind + costA ~2cosA sind + sin?A =141 ( sin’A-+cos'A=1) = IN-CHAPTER EXERCISE - A 1. Prove that @ (1 -cos*®) sec?O= tan*O Gi) and 9 Laan = tan i) RE pe coseed eon (0) tan) sin 080 = tan tan8 + sin _ sec +1 1 ' - oi = sec0+tan0 ” tan@ - sin secO-1 “ secO—tan@ “ y +(-sinay? sin® coset cos ect voi USN? += sino Lin soa 0 o _ancto cos @ 1=sin?@ cosecO-1 cosec +1 (ix) tan0+c010'= sec cosec0 ()siA cOPA-+ OPA tama 2 Simplify 2-tand cos? @+tan® 8-1 ° 2eosecO -secO “ sin? (iii) (sec?@~ 1) (cosec?8— 1) dy) (cos'8- I(cor’O+ 1) +1 Self Study Course for IITJEE with Online Support Trigonometry - 1 EO CuCUC oer Working rule to ider > Substitute 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90° ete for ® > Ir the given equation is not satisfied by any one value of 8, then it is not an identity, > If the equation is satisfied by the values of @ taken by you, then try to show that L.H.S. = RLS., then itis an identity otherwise not. (EEE Find our whether each ofthe following isan identity or no. ; ps _ = aa _ gy SobActan B ©) sin? sind=1 (ii). sin'0— co 8= sin*0—cos9 (i) SiReumA SOLUTION: (©) Teigonometrc ratio of sins defined forall values of @ = (sin?®—c08°6) (sin°8+ c08°8) = 0ses90 = sin?8—cos?8 = RES. When 0=0 LHS. =RHS. LHS. = sint0° + sin 0° =(0)2+0= > Forallvalues of 8, hence itis an identity RHS.=1 LHS.*RHS., when 6 =0°. ‘Thus, the given equation is not an identity. RHS.=cort5*rand5* =(1)(1)=1 (2) sin@ and cos are defined for all values of 6 LUHS.# RUS. forA=B=45" = 0°<9590° LHS.= sint0-co Hence, itis not an identity. Table of common Trigonometric Values and Trigonometric Equations Tratio/0 o 30° 45° 60° 90 sino o 12 W2 3/2 1 cos 8 1 3/2 we 2 0 tan@ o WwW 1 i Not defined cosec Not defined 2 nos 23 1 sec 1 2W3 2 2 Not defined cote Not defined BB 1 W3 0 ETE, se study course for urs€4 with online support RE Ee at eee EEMEED seine fottowing equations 0° < 6 < 90° @ 2sing (ii) 2coss@- (ili) 4.cos’@-1=0 SOLUTION: @ 2sind=1 => sin => 30° wy reonen corr 0e0 1 oat i) 4e0s* 8— = cos" 7 = cord=2> But cos [+ cos6 > Ofor0<0<90"| 1 cos => = 60" 5 8560 e=10° Trigonometry - | CEEEELY sone fttowing equation: 0° < 9 < 90 sind, sind T-cos0 * Treos SOLUTION: 5 SiO c0s 6)+ sin L=c088) _ 4 Teo? 5 Sin sin cos + sin~ sindcos _ 4 2sind 4 Taco O sin? @ 2sing = 4sin®o sin (1-2sin 9) =0 sind=0 or = or 8530" As 0°<0, 0=30° LESESCUESAY Sotve the following equations : 0< 8 < 90" 2 cos? @~ 305042 w + = (ii) sin @ -3 sing +2=0 sin? 8 SOLUTION: () Onrearranging, we get 5 cos*0- 3050+ 2 sin? 5 cost = cos*B~3c088+2 Self Study Course for IITJEE with Online Support 2c0s8-3.cos8+1=0 (050-1) 2cos0-1)=0 TWigonometry =| > sin?@ sin ~ sind +2=0 = (sin -2) (sind 1) =0 Either cos0—1=0 or 2cos#- (i) sin?@ ~3sin8 +2=0 > c0s8=1=cos0" oF cos@ == 60860" > @=0° or 8 =60" => sin =2, not possible If @ = 0°, the denominator of the given equation becomes zero and the given equation becomes invalid $0040. = 9=60" Note: 1 100 <90° then: cos0, sind 20 (ii) Forall @, -1< cos@<1; -1sind <1 2. Value of Bis rejected if it does not satisfies the conditions given in 1. 43. Value of @ should sstisfy the final equation IN-CHAPTER EXERCISE - B Solve the following equations, 0< @ < 90° 2sindo=1 i) 4 sito 0 Gi 0s, cos. @ © — 2e0s8+c0%8=0 wo casecO1 cosecd=1 cos 9 cor" §—cos (i) 3sin8=2c05%6 ity w 31an?20-1=0 tan*43=3 sec8 tan? 0—(3 +1)1and-+ 3 =0 Set Study Court fo ITIEE with One Suppor al TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF COMPLEMENTARY ANGLES Section - 4 Complementary Angles : ‘Two angles ate said to be complementary if there sum is 90". ‘Thus, Gand (90° 6) are complementary angles. ‘Consider a AOMP right angled at M in which ZMOP = and thus, ZOPM=(90"- 9), LetOM =x, MP =yand OP =. , cos6=*, and=2, cosecd=4, secd=* and cot sind = r 7 x y ¥ y ‘Now when trigonometric ratios of (90° ~ @) are considered, we have base = PM = y, perpendicular = OM = x and bypotenuse = OP =r. sin(90° | argo" BH tan (90° -8) = PM cor(90° -0)= 1 1 tan@ an@0—0) cord Without using trigonometric tables, evaluate: sed" © Syeat (8) tan? 66° cof'24° (iii) 0s? 75° + cos? 15° SOLUTION : sec49°_ sec(90"—41°) corecdl” cosecdl” —cosecdl®™ @ coset oy [v sec(90°-0) = cosecd] (i) tan®66°-c0#°24° =[co1(90° - 66°))2— co1?24* = [cot 24°]? ~ cor? 24° cof 24°—cof*24°=0 (iil) e082 75° + e052 15° =[sin(90°—759}2+c08" 15" nS" + cost1S*= sin?1S° + cos?15°= 1 Self Study Course for ITJEE with Online support UTES” » TWigonometry =| ae sine (sim AB sec42* + cosd®? cosec 42” (i) ( zi J -( condo? 1 (cos35* 4 iv) cosec(65* +) seeQ25"— 6 sod (2) (iv) cosec(65* + 0) - see(25*- 8) SOLUTION: a sin 48° sec 42° + cos 48° cosec 42° = cos (90° 48°) sec42° + sin(90°—48°)cosec42” [sin (90° —0) =cos8 and cos(90" —0)= sind} = cos (42°) sec 42° + sin 42°cosec 42” + sin 2° =c0s42° we Tae aiyi=2 sina (cos (Se) (Sar) cos(90°= 27) _(_ cons () 5) [os sind7* =c05(90°-27°) 0963 _ (cos)? (SS) (Se) iy Ufo) rans0° 2 sind 1 “2 (iv) cosee (65° +8) ~see(25°-8) = see[90° — (65° + 8]—see (25°-8) rec (25° 8) sec(25°—8) =0. Self Study Course for IITJEE with Online Support Rie nae Trigonometry - | IN-CHAPTER EXERCISE - C 1. Without using trigonometric tables, evaluate: o = (i) (sin 5° + c0:25°\sin6S*— 025%) (il) cosec 89° —see1” Gy) 5ec236"— cor? 54° o mes ane 2. Prove that EI pos s8°cosee3I* ()—tan(55°- 0) —co135°+0)=0 sin 70° | cosec20" cos" sec 7 ww 20870" cosec20"=0 ©) sinB sin(90" - 6) —cos8 cos(90" ~ )=0 3. IfAand B are angles of a right triangle right angled at C, prove thar: (Leo = sect (i) sn + sin? B = Values of Trigonometric Ratios in terms of the values of one of them : (when sind is given : Let sind=x cos = ¥1—sin® = sind = cos 1 cor = = van8 1 cose = = seco=— = secO= cos8 i= (i) when cos@ is given : LercosB =x sin = i-? = = cosecd => = h-2 Self Study Course for ITJEE with Online Support URE” 1 THigonometry =| (ii), When tand is given Let tand=x Vive Note: If values of eosec 6, sec @ or cot @ ate given then obtain values of sin 8, cos 8 or ran @ respectively and then calculate. EN DE oF pnt he ve of sed and cose 8 re SOLUTION : cote=2* tan= a Vitter 0 we Agi a cosec8= seco= Vira 6 = huafS) = PEt ‘an SOLUTION OF GEOMETRIC FIGURES Section - 5 4.1 Solution of Isosceles Triangle : In an isosceles triangle, the perpendicular from the vertex to the base bisects it dividing the triangle into two congruent ‘riangles, Thus, if we know any two parts (sides/angles) of the triangle the rest can be computed 4.2 Solution of a Regular Polygon : We have the following facts about a regular polygon. (i) ‘The sides of a regular polygon are equal and all its interior angles are equal. po (iil) A regular polygon of » sides inscribed in a circle has each central angle Each interior angle ofa regular polygon of sides is It LESSESEUESEY’ rind the area of an isosceles triangle with base 16 cm and vertical angle 63°. [cot(31.5*) = 1.6319 | SOLUTION : ‘Let POR be the given triangle where PO = PR. OR = 16 cm and ZOPR= 63° Let PS LOR. ey ST = ZQPS = 1/2(63") and QS=8em Ps P 25. « cas zons os “40 FS _s6s19 os Ba16s9 @ s R PS=13.0552em (base) x (height) = Area= > x 16x 13.0552=104.4416cm? TEENY Fina the length of each side of a regular polygon of 20 sides ina circle of radius 15 cm {sin 9° = 1564] SOLUTION: Let PQ be one of the sides of this polygon inscribed in a circle with centre O and radius. = 5 om. ‘each central angle ZPOQ=18" and Draw OM LPO. ZPOM= ZMOQ=1/2 POQ=9° oP=00=15em PM OP a 5 PM=2.3465em PQ=2PM=4.693 em Hence, the length of each side of the given polygon = 4.693em Set'study couse fr IEE wih Onne Support _ TTT 15 Trigonometry - | CEE URE Prove th long denies ()— (€osecO—sin6) (see —cos®) (ta + cot6)=1 (ii) cos 1-sind cos 1 fii) (1+ 1an*6) (1 + co? 6) =—5— (ii) (1+ tan?@y ¢ Caer SOLUTION () LHS. =(cosee@ ~ sinj(see~co8)(tan + cot) ( 1 coe @ sin? 204 cost = aia [sin?0+cost0=1] sin? +¢0378 ‘in cos® _ sin? Bos? 8 in? B08? 8 =RHS. : cos \nsind () LHS “I=sin@—cos® 08° B+ (1=sind)? cos? O+1+sin? O-2sind C=sindjcor8 = sind)con8 = tin (sin? 04c020=1] cos 0U1~ sind) 20 sin 9 sec = RMS. ~ Cos @li—sind) (iil) LHS =(1 + tan?) (4eo?) . cos? 0+ sin? 0) sin? O+.cos? 0 cos sin 1 1 + sin? = Sa [v sin? 84 co%0=1] 1 1 -—)__-__1__-rns (= sin® O) sin? 0 sin? O= sin O ra EE prove the given identity : 1200+ secO—1_1+ sind tan —secO41 cos 1“ SRE eT Nie uaa SOLUTION : tan + sec 8-1 > fan = sec¥1 (tan 04 see) ~1 and 5068 LHS. __ (sec 6+ tan 8) ~ (sec? @=tan* 8) . tan 8=se0O+1 [e sec? —tan%0 = 1) m8) __ (see 0 41am 0)—(sec0 + tan BN se - Tan @— sec +1 _ ec0-+1an [= (see O=tan 8)] _ (sec 8 + tan BA see B+ tan 8) . ‘and ~sec 0+ C= sec Ota 0) rin _ Lesind 80 OO EN con cond =RHS. WDE rove she given identy sit + cosh =1 30h? cov SOLUTION : LHS. =(sin’A)’ + (cota)? = (sin®A + c0s*A) [(sin*A)*+ (cos*A)*~sin*AcoeA)) [ea 4b! = (ab ba ab +b)] = (sina)? + (cota)? + 2sin*AcostA —2sintAcostA ~ sin*AcoPA] = [(sinA + c0s*A)?—3sin*Acos?A] 3 sin?A cotA=RHS. UIESSESCIESS Prove the given identity : sec'@ — sec*® = ran?6+ tan‘0 SOLUTION : LHS. = sect0~ sec*0= sec*O (sec*0—1) = (1 +1an6) (1 +ran?O— 1) =tan'6+tan*8 =RHS. 1 2sind + 3c0s0= 2, show 3sind 2c0s0= 3, SOLUTION: TIP: Square the original equation and try to get the square of equation to be proved. Consider, 2sin8 + 3e0s0= and square it = 4sin®0+9cos*0+ 12sinOcos0=4 self study Course for TEE With Online Support AUNTY” 15 Trigonometry «| 9(1 = sin®@) + 12sinOcos0= 41 sin*) [costO+ sind= 1] 9-9sin20+ 12sin8 cos=4eoe2B = 94 12 sindcos0=4eos*O+ 9sinB 9=4c0s°9+9 sin?B- 12sin8 cos > B= (2c0s6)? + sin6)?—2x 2c0s0%3sind G)'= sind 20088)? budug 3sind—2cosB==3 Hence Proved, UESSESOURESI x =r sinA cosC, y= sind sinC and z= r cosA, prove that r? = x+y +24. SOLUTION : TP: In such questions, substitute the value of variables in one side and simplify the identity 10 get the other side. Given X=rsinA cosC, y=rsind sinC, ercos ‘Squaring and adding, we get yt t= Pinta coPC + Paints sintC + Peosta sins (cos*C + sin?C) + rcostA =P sin + Poe [> co C+ sin'C= 1] =P (sind + c08°A) =A 3 Rete ee Hence Proved. If sind — cos0 =m and cosecO + secO=n, prove that n¥(1 —m?)? = 4 (2 ~ me?) SOLUTION : LHS, =n\-m2? ‘Substitute the values of m and m. = (see8-+ cosect)? [1 (sin8~ cos 1 Ly , 2 =| Zao * Tag) H-Winto+ c0s40—2sind.cos0)h _ (e080 + sino” = TE [=.= 2uindeos0)P (cos + sind)? = cor aang (2indcosO) = (c058-+ sind) 4 =4(sin?8+ cos*8 + 2sincos6) = 4(2~ (sin cos6)*)=4(2 —m?) =RAS. Self Study Course for IITJEE with Online Support Wigner UESSESEEESIY 170° < @ < 90°, solve the following equation cosec?® + sin?@ = 2. SOLUTION: cosectO+ sin*0=2 = Kits? Q=2 = Ltsin'@=2sint si = sin'~2sin?+ 1=0 = piso = sino int > sind=s1 u = sind=sin90° = o=2F pur 0s 0590",s00% 2 2 For 0<0590° sind20 = 8-90" ESSENCES Without using trigonometric tables, prove that (i) tan 7? tan23* tan60° tan67° tan83° = V3 (ii) tal? tan2° tan3* SOLUTION : TIP: In such question, make pair of complementary angles and then apply complementary ratios results. (tan 7°<1an 23°. tan 60°. ran 67°. an 83° = tan 7°. tan 83°. tan 23°. 1an 67°, tan 60°. =1an 7°, an(90° —7°). tan 23°. ran(90" —23°). tan 60°, =(1an 7°, cot"). (tan 23°, cot 23°), tan 60" [++ tan(90° - @ = co1®] =. v3 j=¥5- [++ tand. e010 = 1 and tan 60° = 3 | Gi) tam 1 tan 2° tam 3° oe ta 89° = (Gan 1° tan 89°), (tan 2° tan 88°) (tan 44° tan 46°), tan 45° = [tan 1° tan(90° 1°) (tan 2° an(90°—2°)), {tan 44°. 1an(90° —44")]. tan 45° [tan 1° cot 1°) (tan 2°. 6012"). (tan 44°. cot 44") tan 45° [- tan(90° 9) = 010} =(Lxix xIx 1) L=1 [+ tan@,cot8= | and tan 45°=1] Ixy cox 0" 6) se(90" —@ytén__,tan(90? 6) Prove that ; COSCO’ =O) sec OO" = Oytane _ cos ec(90° — 6) sin( 90” —A)cor(90°—8) cor Seif Sely Couns Tor RE wh Gone app) OT 5 Tgonometry «| cos ec{ 90° — 8) sin{ 90° — 8) cor{ 90° - 8) cot 8 = nb co tan 61 | seep =, cosec=— lsd 7A BC i ng of BA, tt (E22) cel 8) Tie: In A, sumof all angles = 180° In AABC, weave A+B+C=180° B+C=180"-A B+C_180°-A 2 2 valet als (om(4)) [+ tan90° ~ 6) = cot vA 1st (Seca oto (renee Leesa A60*) «(sec Evaluate : = (cot'30° — cosec*60°) + 5 (sec’ * = 1an?30") — Scos* SOLUTION: Consider + (co30"—cosect60") + 3 eet —tar30") 500160" a Cay bo “babs as eG _ 65,8 5 65+90-45 110 _ 55 36 36 18 Self Study Course for IITJEE with Online Support Teoma =I QOPI For A = 30° verify that cos3A = 4coPA — 3cosA, SOLUTION: A=30 £083 =4c0s'A~3cosA LHS. =cos3A = 053(30")= 00590" =0 RHS.=dcos'A—3c0s += 40830" —3c0530" NF 82 = _LHS.=RHS. ani wi _wi WE a Hence Verified, RES uno=™, find the value of Mind +mcosd SOLUTION : tan @ = msinO-+ncos®__ mianO+n Now, = ‘msinO—ncos® mianO-n (Dividing numerator and denominator by cos0) SOLUTION: Given; sin6+cos6=2 0s(90° - 8) sind + cos8= 2 sind Dividing both sides by sin, we got: <8, cond isin ind sind and -i-1 = Ltd =V2 = cot Sosy cue fore wih Onn Sipe RTI 9 Trigonometry - 1 Pouca ime SEMEN Prove the following identities () (sin + cosec6)® + (cos0 + sec8)? = 7 + tan*8 + cor’O ) (sin®- sec)? + (cos — cosec8)* = (1 — sec cosec8)* SOLUTION : () LHS. = (sind cosecd)*+ (cos0+ sec0)* = (si B+ cosee?O+2sinBcosec8) + (cos*O-+seC°0-+2 cosd.see8) = [sW@ vcore?@ «cna 22) + (coro sec?» 20010 5) sn cond = (sin?0+ cosec*0-+2) + (cos?O+ sec*0-+2) S14 (1 +e0O + (1 +tan?0)+4 [+ cosectO= 1 +-cof*@, sec? =1 + 1an*0] =7+1an°0+coPO=RHS. (i) LHS. =(sind sec)? + (cos ~cosec6)* = [sina 25) foro] 12 sind, 2g, 12 cos cos cos sin @ sind waco [sb 2) (2 sate | asin sin cor 8 sind cos a sin’ 8 cos 8 sinOcosO a (septa) st-mtonntonis Prove that: @-+1an6 cos® cos@ sec8 tan SOLUTION : Toprove: —_1____1_._1 ___i__ Wee + land cos cos see tand 1 1 1,12 oF TOPO: Fs tand * wecO—tand cos8” cos0 cord 1 1 TES = ecO + tan * sec = tan HCO = tan seed +8 Bsee8 8g agg) (secO+tan O\(sec@—tan8) sec? @ — tan? 0 1 2 cord RHS. Hence Proved, ‘Note: Sometimes, itis easier to first change the original identity (e.g. done in above question) and then prove the modified | idemtiy, a aS ea (IEEE Prove thar + cota cose SOLUTION : — coPB cosectA = cof'A - cor B. LHS. =corA cosec*B ~ co cosec’A = (cosec*A—1) cosee*B—(coseeB- 1) cose =coseciA cosec'B ~ cosec*B ~ cosec’A cosec*B + cosec’A =cosectA ~cosec?B =1+coPA—(1 + coPB) =coPA-coPB=RHS. s(t 4) Yate onset sec?@~ cos cosec*® ~ sin? 24 sin? 8 cos* 8 us, «[Sraae" cata nr) oor 9 cos ‘sin? 8 (ee ON ocosto cos? sin? ere st ag oc Tea ays ca?) * Tha 3c aH cos? 0 sin? 0 =| OO | sir cos" a (cor 8) cos” B+ sin 8) sin’ @__cos* L+sin? 8) + sin* OL + cos? 8) L+sin® @ (1+ cos? @)(1+ sin? 8) £08" 8 + sin? @ cos? 8 + sin’ + sin* 8 cos? 8 (1+ cos? (1 + sin? 8) sin! + cos! 8 + sin® 8 cos? @ (sin® 8 + cos" 0) (1 cos? OY sin® 8) = sin? 69 + (008? 0 + Asin? 8 cos? 8 sin? @ cos? 2+ sin®@ cose _ (sin? 0+ cos? 0)? ~ sin? 0 cos* _ 1~ sin? Ocos? 0 24 sin” 0 cos" 0 24 sin? 0 cos" 0 Self study Course or DEE with Onine Support TPE 7 RHS, TWigonometry-1 [DDEEENBEDY Foca saan coed as Wise nd) = Gach ty Geb ten) vs an prov a SOLUTION : Given: (sec + 1anA) (secB + tanB) (secC + tanC) = (sec — tanA) (secB — tanB) (secC —tanC) “Multiplying both sides by (sec ~ tanA) (secB — tanB) (secC - tanC) (secA + tand) (secB + tanB) (seeC + tanC) (secA ~ tand) (secB~ tanB) (secC ~ ranC) = (secA ~ tana)? (seeB —tanBY? (see - tanC? (sec*A— tan) (sec2B ~ tan*B) (sec*C— tan*C) = (secA —tand)* (secB ~ tanB)* (seeC — tan Te [oeeA ~tanA) (sec ~ tanBy(secC~tanC)}? > (see =1anA) (seeB ~1anB) (see ~ tan) = 41 => (sec + 1anA) (secB + tanB) (sec + tanC) = (secA ~ rand) (secB ~ tanB) (secC - tan) = 1 Hence Proved, UEESEIEEEY 17 cosecO— sind = ¢ and secO — cos =m prove that Cm? (2+ m?+3)=1 SOLUTION : LHS. = 6m? (24m? 43) = (cosec—sin8)? (sec — cos6)?x {(cosec®— sin8}*(sec8~ cos6)? + 3} bam aoe tame (cae (See) (se) fees (ee) 4} -(se) fe) eet (eer) of _ cos'@ sin®@ feos! sin? 0 cos | sin? [cos +sin' 0+ 3cos*0 sin’ O cas? Bsn? 8 =eoraanca | = cos + sin*8 +3c0s28 sin? = [(c0s?6) + (sin’O)"] + 3c0s*O sin’ [(cos*0+ sin*0)* —3cos*Osin*O(cos*O- sin®O)] + 3cos*Osin* OCs a +b = 1-3 cos?B sin? + 3c08°O sin (5 c0s°8+ sin = +b) ~3ab(a +b) 22 Self Study Course for IITJEE with Online Support THigonometry-| UESESCUEEEY 17x cos + y sin°@ = sind cos0 and x cos0= y sin®, evaluate x* + y* SOLUTION: xc0s'0+ ysin*@ = sin0cos0 x00s8 = ysin® Suibstituting for yin) from (i) £0896 + sin?@ (x e050) = sin8cos0 x cos0 [e020 sin*O] = sind cos > xssind Put the value of xin (i) to get ys cos0 So, 24 y?=sin’O4c080 =1 re 35 If €1an0 + m secO= n and rand — msec 1. Show (S25) (ee meh ints ml SOLUTION: Given: €1an0-+m secO=n @ #tan8 mt sec=n! oii) Solving the two equations simultaneously, we get nom _secO_n’+mi'secd 7 z = nlmil’secO =n + mb sec nll nb = (mite mt) sec wenn : a cg + ii) From equations ()) and (i), we get n-ttan@ _ erand—nt = not —EFtan0=mi’tand—n'm > ane = a eeeiv) mem Using: sec*@=14-1an?@ and substituting values from (ii) and iv), we get (seca) (mae) Hence Proved. Self Study Course for IITJEE with Online Support 23 Trigonometry - | ENE uEur UE react na aaa 1 cos(B+y-ay=4 sin(ors B-7) ‘and tan (7+ B) = 1. Find the values of Band 7. SOLUTION : TIP: To get o, Band ymake linear equations in o, Band 7. sin(a + P== = sin(o+ B—)=sin30° 1 cost y-O= 5 = cos(B+y-a) =¢05 60° tan (y+ 0-B)=1 = tanty+a~B)=tan 45° > at poy=30° @ Bry =60" sil) y+a-B=45° +) Aang). ee speseanaats® peasy ante Putting the values of crand B in (.), we get: _ =s2l> 0 PSIG 37h +a5*~ 2 = a@a3h 2 1 nts) and y=sabe B yoat Heeco=n+, prove that sec + tan = 2x oe . SOLUTION : secO=x Using: tan? = sec*0~ 1, we get: wanton hy 1 cs = nt o=x = anto=xt+ tb or 24 EEE, set¢ study course for EE with Online Support Nie uaa Trigonometry ( 1), weave sec0+tand= x+bpy- Lary ne >= When ran: > When sand= ~ Jo wehave: sec0+san0= { Hence secO+tanO=2xor > LES SUESLY Without using trigonometric tables, evaluate 2 tan 8 co1(90" ~ 8) + sec cosec (90° — 8) + (sin? 35° + sin’ TanI0° tan 20° tan 45° tan 70° tan80° SOLUTION: tan 8 cot(90" ~6) + sec 8 cosec(90" ~8) + (sin? 35° +sin® 55°) vanl0° tan BD" xIxtan90" =20)tan(90" 10) [/: sin 80° ~ 6) =cos01an(90° - 6)=co18) _ nan an 8+ sec. +Lsin? 35° sin 0°38), ~ tan 10° tan 20° cot 20° cot 10” _ see? @~tan? 8) (sin? 35° +08? 35°) © tan 0° xtan 20° x cot 20° xcor 10" a L's sec?0—1an? 6= 1, si 4+c05°9 =1) 2 ADDITIONAL THEORY sino cos 0 wand = SF coro = SF sind lies between =I and +1 ie, 1 g sin © ¢ 1 (or) Isindl <1 = cos® lies between -I and +1 Le, -1 < e088 < 1 (or) loos01 <1 = (an® lies between - oe and +0 jem I (or) [cose O| > 1 Self Study Course for IITJEE with Online Support eran 25 Trigonometry - | EOC UC ee Quadrants : Y Qa(SILVER) QuALL) sin, cosee are positive | All Pratios are postive (00° +0), (180° 6) (90° ~ 8), (360° + 0) 90" <0< 180° 0° feos, tan <—> cot, sec > cosee. ‘Trigonometrie Ratios of Allied Angles ‘Two angles are said to allied when their sum or difference is either zero or a multiple of 90. If @ is any angle, then 0, 90:+0,180-0,270:+0,360:40 ete, ae called allied angles. IEEEIEEEY’ Prove that sin 420°cos 390° + cos (— 300") sin (-330") = 1 SOLUTION sin (360° + 60%) cos (360° + 30°) ~ cos (270° + 30°) sin (270° + 60°) = sin 60° cos 30° + sin 30° cos 60° BB = Sete =I DEE rove tar sion 225 ces 5 Fan TF cos TH =O SOLUTION : tan 225° cot 405° + tan 765° cot 675° tan (180° + 45°) cot (360° + 45*) + tan (720° + 45%) cot (630° + 45°) tan 45° cot 45° + tan 45° tan 45) 26 rekon Self Study Course for IITJEE with Online Support Rie uC Trigonometric Identities : An equation involving trignometric functions which is true for all those angles for which the functions are definded is called trignometric identity. sin® x cosec® e030 x see = 1 tan 8 x cot ® sini + cos’ = 1 sec%9 — tan’8 = 1 cosee’® ~ cot’® eos! = 1 - sin’ tam = sec 1 0198 = cosec%® ~ 1 ‘Trigonometric Functions of Sum or Difference of two angles : vuuy a sin (A +B) sin (A ~ B) cos (A +B) = cos A cos B sin A sin B Jin A cos B + cos A sin B in A cos B - cos A sin B cos (A ~ B) = cos A cos B+ sin A sin B tan A+ tan B tn (A+B)= TanAwnd tan tan B fn (A-B)= Tyan AtanB 2tan A sin 2A = 2 sin Acos A =T oS y cos 2A = 2costA=1 = 1 —2sin? A= cos? A - sin? A 2tan A ‘an? A tan 24 TFRATIOS OF SOME ANGLES LESS THAN 90° mT | ae) mE) oe Seis | ow ] et [6 B-1) V-1 J 4 ahio-2v5 sno | Eat] Ba [1 pop |locns ae | Wa [2 PAS iri] io+2v5 | 1 W5+1 eso aoa aE we | fe |G wo foe [08 | oa | eae Trigonometry - 1 Self Study Course for IITJEE with Online Support eran 27 Trigonometry - 1 ees EXERCISE BASED ON CBSE 10, nL. [Level - 1] 2sin 030s 4sin 0-9 c0s0 B Ieosee 0 = [5 find the value of Without using trignometrical tables, find the vlaue of cos 35° tan 27°, can $3" ® Seg ~ tan 6" sin39° 0) SR erean tan 31" tans" tan 59° tan 79°36? 21° +n? 629) Prove the following identities 1 nl 1 sind, L+e0s0 o i -—1+_ + ® sec xX-tan.x Osx cosx sec x+tan x ® I+cos8 sin® Ltsin@ | cos@ ~sec 8 L+sec@ __sin’@ © cosd | T+sind ~*°° @ sec® — 1—cos® cos A, sin A 1=cos0 © sin +008 0 otO~cosee 8 tan A" T-eot A Treos0 Solve the following equation for 0” < 8 < 90° ©) into=J3 0) eos O-cor =O) Bae O=TEOHECO cost cost (8 Gesect Fi * Soseet =I (©) 2sin?@-3sin@+1=0 Ifcos (A+B) 0B, find Asnd B. 1 5 &sin(A-B) = + 2sin® 38°sec? $2°—sin’ 45° Find he valor 2 ‘The angles of a iangle are in A.P. The number of degrees in the least is to the number of radians in the greatest as 60: x. Find the angles in degrees. If cos0-+c0s? @=1 then the value of sin*@ + sin‘@ will be? Lycos @4sin @_I+sin 8 Prove the following identity 7-5 ag cos 8 Irntand-=mevatuate MSB0+H £88 nianO=mevaliste sin @—n coxO 28 saci Self Study Course for IITJEE with Online Support Pie uence Trigonometry - | 2, 1B. M 15. 16. 17. 18. 9. 20, 2. 2. 23, 24, 25, 26. 27. 28, 29, 30. Iftan 0+ sind Find the value of, and tan 0 ~ sin 0 = n, then find sin 0 x cos 0, sin 30° tan 45° sin 60° cos 45° sec 60° cot 45° sin 90° ® cosec 30° cot 45° cos OF @ Ifx=a.cos 0~b sin0, y=asinO-+b cos 8. Prove that x*+ y*=a+ bt Ifa sin’ 0+ bcos’ @= sin 0 cos @ and a sin ® =b cos 0, then prove that a +b: Lex=rsin@ cos $, y=r sing. sin @& z=£.c0s 8 then prove that? =x"+ y?+ 2 smn If cos 6+ sin 8 = mand see @ + cosee ® =n then prove that n(m? ~ 1) =2m Iftan 0+ sin =m and tan 0 - sin 0 =n then prove that m? — 1 1 Ifsee 8=x+ 7, then prove that sec 6+ tan @= 2x or 3— Prove that:tan]tan2°tan3*.........tan89°, ‘Without using tables, find the value of 14 sin 30° + 6 cos 60° ~ § tan 45° cosec cose: : cove that ; SSSA S086 os tant 4 Prove that: cosec =I wosecd+1 sec O:cosec (90°—0)— tan Ocot (90° —0) +sin’ 55°+sin? 35° Evaluate ‘tan 10° tan 20° tan 60° tan 70°tan 8 Without using mathematical tables, find the value of x if eos x = cos 60° cos 30° + sin 60° sin 30°. ‘Without using trigonometric tables, evaluate ‘Without using trigonometric tables, evaluate + sin 99° sec 31° cos" sin 25° | 60825" Without using tables, evaluate [ocg5°* Gosec 6S sin A Prove that Troosay = (cosee A ~ cot A) In the fig AD = 4 em, BD = 3 em and CB = 12 em, find cot 0. >p Ata Li sin 70° Teos 20° 7 tan 15 tan 35° tan 55° tan 75" Without using the trigonometric tables, evaluate the following Self Study Course for IITJEE with Online Support Gees 29 Trigonometry - 1 nese 10, ML. 2. 13, [Level - 2] Prove that (Sint A+ costa sec? 0 + tan = 2sin® A cos’ wo (itl) (1 cos8~ sin6 P = 2(1+ e058) (I-sin8) (iv) cosec*@ = cot + ScoP’Ocosec?® +1 cosA sind sind tan _ A Tear sina oR eR rece cose + cord tan, cot =l+tan AtcotA=l sec Acosecd 0 Teora Tran Lxcosd+sin® _Lesind qwity eee ssn = x) (see A+ tam A~ 1) (see A~tan A +1) = ii) eeansind cord ) (see A+ tan A= 1) (sec A~ tan A +1) = Zand a) SOA OFECA= SINE SA seed cos Asin If cos + sin@ = V2 cos6, show that cos@— sin@ = y2 sin® cosa = mand £258 = n., show that (m? + n?}eos? cosB sin p Ix =a see8 + btanO and y = a tan8 + b sec®, prove that x2)? = 2 ise asodhy=beittgoens (2 of 2 Mx= asecBcosp, y= b sec@ sing andz = ctan8, show that +. ‘Which of the following statements are identities ? tan’@ sec?0 Sint + cos'8 = 1—2sin’@cos?® ‘Solve the following tigonometsic equations for 0 << 90", tan'@ + tan"® © tan’6-+ cor 6=2 (il) 3s + e080 = 2YF sind eos ItanA =1 and sin B z “find the value of eos (A + B) if Aand B are both acute angles. 162 cos (A+B) = J and2 sin (A~B) = 1. Find A, B. Prove that (sin S* tan 22° see 60° tan 68° see 85° = 2 (i) eos 1° e082" cos 3” cos 180 Without using trigonomettic tables, show that sin8.cos(20"-8)cosB _ os 8 sin(90" see(90°= 8) cos ec(90" (i) cosee(65° + 8) ~ see( 25° ~ 6) tan/55°— 8) + co135* + 8) Express the following in terms of trigonometric ratios of angles lying between 0° and 45% (— coseeS4? + sin72° ii) e0s7S° + cor7s* 30 eae Self Study Course for IITJEE with Online Support © sind.coso— ieee sin? 30° cos* 60° _ 3sin® 45° +2cos* 30° “dcos? a5" sin? 90° — cos" 45° 14 Determine xif tan 6, +1an 0, 15, Given that an (0,409) = ea ran Find (0,+8,) when sand, 16, Find the length of the chord ofa circle of radius Gom, subtending a the centre an angle of 144°, [sn 72° = 9510] 17. Prove that, @ 2 sec*O— sectO— 2 cosec’® + cosect® = cofO—tan*O (iy) MAHON ay Asan B cord corB 2 2 2 acsin?® cos? Bocos* A _sin® Asin? B tan? ~ran'B = cos Boos A cos Acos B (iv) (tana + cosee BY? — (cot B= secA) = 2 1and cot B (cosecA + sec B) cos 8 o T+ sind cos (sesmgnsese) Treos@ secA__ cosech (i) (+ cor A + tand) (sin A cos Al casec*A sec A (il) (cosee® ~ see8) (cot ~tand } = (cosec8 + sec) (sec cosecO ~2) record , [imeord ‘ =2eosecd ~” T=cosd Ltcosd ynometry - | EXERCISE BASED ON NTSE Choose the correct altern: 1 Teosee A=, and A is acute, then tan A BB A) we) 2 ©) 2 wo oF ey OB @) 2 WT sint @-+ 3 cost @= 4 and 0.< © < ~, then the value of tan 8 is 1 4 A 5 o oF ® F oOo ¢ » 3. If sint © ~ cos*0 = Kéthen sin* 0 ~ cos? @ is wk ® K © o «K sind +2e080) 4 3 tn @=4, then Fg paesa) > 3 4 . w 5 ® 5 os o 3 Self Study Course for IITJEE with Online Support NTSE EXERCISE 31 10. u. 12. 13. 14. 15, Trigonometry - 1 (Ssin' jcos 8) saldeahehieeal (4sin 8+ 3cos @) » 2 6 w 18 B® 29 » 2 » + a 3 ® 1B o + B © 2 QO 5 sin 0 cos (90° ~ 8) + c0s 0 sin (80° — 0 wo » 1 os37" ns 2 28 “ 53 ® 37 (cosec! 72° — tan’ 18°) mw 0 @ 1 (sec? 10° = cot? 80") wo. ® 0 If sin'0 — cos‘o ( —tand=1/V3B) see = 2/5 Which among is eater 6s 90 or cos 60" a) emn50r GB) con 6" Trina ABC. sin A=304,Sindtan Andon A 37 Vi 4 ‘ fa ® 00 ana 2B » 2 “ 25 : 25 asin®—beos® Bnd the value of ne bcos® aba acb rn “ a+b? atb RC aa ed © © © © © © © © © © 4 7 In AABC, ZB = 90°, AB = 5 cm and BC = 12 em Then sin C=? o o o o o secO=1/y2 (D) both are same (D) b v7 o o o None of these None of these i 2 ‘where 0 lies in the interval 0° to 90° then the correct statement cot8-+cosecd= V5 None None None 32 etc Self Study Course for IITJEE with Online Support Trigonometry -| vo Bvanuate, 5602760" s66" 30° —tan? 45° sin? 30° +608" 30° wot ® 3 © ome © ar sy value, #030" tand5*~cosee60 see30" +0860" cod S™ “ 43 2a » F wo 1 aah i ww 43 18, Ina AABCright angled at B, AB = Sem and ZACB = 30, find the length of BC and AC. () BC=% emAC=Sem (8) BC=10cem,AC=Sem © V3 em AC=10em, () None 19, IAPQR, right angle at Q, PQ=3 em and PR=6em. Determine ZQPR and ZPRQ. )— 60°,30" @B)4s",45" © 18,75" (D) None 20. tan find the value of cos (A+B) where A and B are both acute angles. wo1 ® 0 oO (D) None 21 Ifsin®—cos @= and 0<@< 90", find ® wo 4s Bo oO (D) None 22, M2 sin 2 “ ® ww O48 (D) None 25. ftanx-=sin45° cos 45°+ sin 30°, find x wo eB wo Os (D) None 24, Solve for x: x (sec%60° —tan?45°) +x (3 sin 60° - cos? 45°) +sec" wo. ® 2B an) o Ww 25, ‘The value of tan1*, tan 2° tan 3°, tan 89°)is mo ® 1 oO 2 ” 26. Evaluate: sin18"/cos72° wo. ® 0 oO 2 () None 27, Evaluate: eos 48°~ sin 2° wo4 ® 0 © -1 (D) None 28, Evaluate tan 48" tan23" tan 42° tan 67° wo. ® 0 © - (©) None 29, Find Oifsin(0+24°)=cos 0 was B® oO ww (D) None 30, Evaluate: sin 60° cas 30° + sin 30° cas 60° wo. ® 0 © (©) None Self Study Course for IITJEE with Online Support NTSE EXERCISE 33 Trigonometry - 1 iter EXERCISE BASED ON JEE FOUNDATION MULTIPLE CHOICE TYPE TE 0s 0-< mand g1 °°, g) 007° 30, then @ is aw 0 or © 0 © 180 2 Suppose ABCD (in order) is a quadrilateral inscribed in a cele. When of the following is/are true (A) seeB=secD (B) cotAteotC=0 —(C) coescA=cosecC —(P) tan B+ tanD = 0 8th tan0=4, and @ can tie in any quadrant then sn is yo 4 = 3 3 w ¢ ® F © § » F 4. Of the following sets of dats the data that determine the conditions of similar triangle islare (A) the ratio of two sides and the included angle(B) the ratios of the tee altitudes (©) thetatios ofthe three medians (D) the ratio ofthe altitude to the corresponding base 5. Thevaluex, which sity following equation 2eosec?30° + rsin? 60° —3tan?30 (a) 0 8) 1 oO 2 Oo 3 fon and ° sec! Secbei Seas to 2 (coset B)— 2cosecd © ae )— 2sece 7. If sin x+sin® x= 1, then the value cos? x+ cos x is wou ® 2 oO # oO 4 ‘An aeroplane flying horizontally 1 km. above the ground is observed at an elevation of 60° and after 10 seconds the elevation is observed to be 30°. The uniform speed of the aeroplane in knv/h is a 40 B®) mov 603 (D) None of these 9. IfAand Bare complementary angles (0

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