} il PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE ——___mostonmmence ely to aca fom the we to wih the lan eq wil bs pu Seventy sy ot or improves oo dpe ead seed ad refed witht Sora ted ‘ublistien of tbe Notation under Ses ‘Aer the pecs sion 4 Sub sston (0 See es aon cote torte 3 Toran ota ‘oa oct of eanpenston payie ©) Asporiounat f ape I sw mason rae natn oe et aommen t s he cntsets ae diated wie va te yea se oust wer protest and regu te LA. toe tn sae Toe Cae sy alin ton ft pletion othe Cleo equng im weer mate te spc te chants we ot sted wit sa could be made wise Som the ip of te onic om an Calor tp teatro fetid of avait swede desided ise ies moder exe wba ano raft Coecers ser ‘Aine he mater canbe fret te Cou bye Coles age sear Sectn 30 eter on sn of det ies won serous a dpe ‘apotioament nese ny dpe sou tapenade fe swat egy on he prt of th Land Acton Ofc or ‘chats he Cour for dearaaton edo sag on sown acd (Gite Seton 30 an Sesion of and Acton Ac). Te apron ef oe ‘Seperation saver est porto aad mses Ctr a of ing ‘icine meres the sae oto Cour sgl in A szyortineat of compenston sn net ee othe abe of ‘sinters which a ty sply sgn Thay wit reid be ‘aed is vane ofl iit ae os ln ems ees “TheLand Acquis At, 894 ben uneded 4d meinet ‘othe valet pot few seeder 1G) Original siasum aliowsneo 15% bas bead 0 3080 @)_Intrtat 2% FA on ssc echt alo he pred esting ‘onsod fom dato pion oth oti under Second (Din espe of ei lindo the dnt of ae of ie Colt o emt ate thing paren fan wisheer eatin. 496 je tncion oe Cate sherthe ast © 4 4 EASEMENTS —__| ‘Assn wl eed he iy fe eg, et ee buhiget nop abeny he stadiptctarsnvap bang se ‘ela caps a tr cers eee ear Tadao pons tbh url sory sl ‘Spbserbtve wi pes ay at wy hal be oe Be eo ietahceorees hl To he og comma wit eye fh amore rope tnd te vey cet was ng wn {at cat sun te cpyar ots imap, ht ‘ah pope ouy ete one sly id nd eyes uc gba Selina nln fn inn ape we Roma wed wee ‘What isan Easement? ‘Avett spt wich th owner or espe eens od posse, sh fre bene ej’ of he an (1) Todo sndcowtnue odo someting (@)Toprevetand ona prevent someting ten oes repeats espe of etn Se od bots station (@) ‘Aas te omer of cera Bouse, ta a Hh of way ove teighbour Bnd fr te pps conseted woh he bevel ‘Sipyment fe bau Theron easement. ("Rast oer af erin tous bash ight gp ois sigh ein sd ake wate foe pups of is bose, tof Spring kee This bancasenent Note Uae the indian Law, te em exerts nls Pris Prenke ‘wheres de he Eng any it doe ot nce, Profit Pre ‘Bess igt oreo snd aprepate os oo wt any pst. ‘fe seven beige i Sot pvlege of ing ave) somes fo the nd ofan eg Right aout fb m9 ke Scanned with CamScanne’PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE Dominant Heritage The land for the beneficial enjoyment of whi 'd the Dominant heritage. In other words Don laim certain concessions from the owner © owner of the Dominant hestage who i beseied by tes se Easement Act. * a Servient Heritage ‘The land on whi the liability of beneficial enjoyment of the easements is y ritage. The owner of the servieat heritage has to Sacrifice a part of his absolute right of enjoyment and ownership of his land for the ‘eneficial enjoyment of the land of Dominant owner, Cha~-cteristic of Easement 1, Owner or occupier of land is necessary. 2 The right to do and continue to do something, or to prevent and continue to Prevent something being done, in or upon or in respect of certain other land, not his own must be vested ie 3. The right should be for the benef ‘Since itis attached (o land and as sale of land and separate agreement of passing over the and is automa provided right of way has been enjoyed by ‘A’ as an easem necessity, P Q A= Owner and Sells to'C’ R s B= Owner to eal ——Road both lands must have nnd and the owner can diffeent owners. TI not enjoy easem sbt over somebody else ver his own land, 458 EASEMENTS Other Rights Resembling Easement aise out of geographical configuration ofthe property and are inherent, in the property itself. These arize out of the natural situation of the property, e.g the right whi of land on a higher level has of discharging his surplus water on his neighbour's land on a lower level, is a natural right and not an casement. Some of the Natural Rights, Benefits Provided by Nature for the Enjoyment of Man’s Property ()—Toreceive air and light freely. @) To receive light which falls vertically upon the land but not light through adj its natural condition, e.g, adjoining ith water. That will interfere with " : () Right to drain rain water from higher plot to lower plot, but right to discharge poltuted wateris nota natural right. Such right should either be acquired by way of prescription or by way of easement. Cases in which the Natural Rights of the Owners to Enjoy their Property Exclusively are Restricted ¢ P the plot ashe likes, but is subject to rules and regulations of local bodies. “@) Fresh air sbould not be polluted. @ Unreasonable noise or vibration which materaily interferes with one’s physical comforts not allowed. wer of land has a right to so much light and alr as passes ly thereto. (&) Customary Rig! These ate rights arising out of the custom, vested in favour of a large or ‘body of persons like inhabitants of particular village or members of certain ‘a right in gross whereas an easement is always appurtenant to a tenement, to bury the dead at a certain burial ground; right to have Holi Festival on of land. the right of way in favour of a lange and fluctuating body of persons will such right of way is meant for beneficial enjoyment (heritage, this will be an easement. In the latter case two aspects are essential, namely, existence of dominant heritage and body of determinate persons to 459 Scanned with Camscannesr uno paguoe se ous op Jo wou oom 9 SUA, wougseg 30 99meqIIISTCL surstqceg @) powtcoyanuom nomi) ‘ssmaeeuesy 5 ‘iyqesoed pata weeg eqn) —— ‘se pox og yn oopdaoned 9 yousis abo FSM peak og wu pm rk one sites oped oh "UsiSAOD an on sSaneq yoann yams omy OGM J don a aR "Fel sn S00 og ag Sk yoisa ses oun sea gcye sa eas a I OS ‘ie se wai yess axonal ay ox pts 5) souno Nee Wey hg ay wy spo onuuop# meg oy sana nano “arora neste 0 nd s0 ys J996 pur cepa OLA “sake 05 ps soadnes wo fos pow Yosmase a sng a pu OO oe kg pote Anda pa gered uno spans mo 29 Aen Jo SE (Chea pay amg 0 pox woe ong eau we ON POE ‘Aint on c pansson Sead ang sy ony pope Het 30 poe Soo ‘Soong untae sgn py sea gs pv cots rng wause wee ‘pews poof enead ung any Seng Ko toh Poe 3 2 Soe snows ag sgn on ao ptbon mo ontase ated y eet oy noaanr ok paqusesd se s006a pox ep MEIC 05 -ysumsnnoy smi poonsrpar mo 0] ota oe 44H {Dratueyevowonbor ur ausn vendusead pon aq onduoazg sa ©) ——e0u— © x @ ° ¢ te oo 9 0 fins em snot paseo ng ten oP) OF TIN HEIN ist om so hon yo # ancy yum pind om OEE SUDA CH “zamo a0 01 sBu0j9 ALDA WHT aeNdNI-D Aypemn Jo WSUSEe 58 UO Bead eng moa) sod 0 ona send autese 9 erp pafta 29 ose Sioa pose a yh po 9 ange “Be3vow es 49 2 oe una o fudavd 9 equ ane sand Jo weueg AHS20N AG spa et eon ‘pid spon Aamo 0 so a3 24 20 Buse aneHED oR eo nnwoes ey anode ary x opon ae sh jen oad EPO ‘Sea geo pote padroun 2 aot #29 NT 10a 2 opens a eae se aso am rave sp pero ase potoda 29 015 AN NER SSS p wane eyoeey fou 9 ge 01 poe ot ans ae ae ‘Saumunan so ov awh ors 9 uate dy 4815 A () udrond (3) pe sen 4 (—) 08 (0) amv, 2s apo say "nsezoes on J wstbae Jost SNA aM 19 "yunwosecy Surs|MboY Jo SPO “(uso mee) Spy 2) sedéns yO ERE) (Gata mio joratanes) owen jo nog 0M) hidden po sage Jo swore) po nook 3 dnony sd me pow stom ewe poe Ow OTL Yen ornsusse) port sgonsefmaetpe om ay secs can (2) Gai po my meus) gano Sle sxy30 Asad aan pan ne i ffeapowsena wry) Topsaares yams 0 200% om emo AL yest onda ey, sts eure oop Pam, sg 200 tonaenoa mm g, “2 asta ous boats wld oa “aeee0 fn oe gin abs yop rans enone apa Tm og 2 ‘Soy gage geo NOB oso Wes Jo 28 saab "yuotuase snOnaEUO2StCL een Teer mr mmann mane uso ane ‘pee yan ey pow ne sass sncp por op 2, Wout stoneyoe3 © Sea ndone open mem enn Soper op on fates 5 canoe {Soames monayon erin moar oq ny We xs oO SS ‘Senor non panos saufus soya auouostaaaarauL "uoureeeg snontunuocy -NSWASVad SNOANELNOOSI GNV SNOANTLNOD “pass pee ffl RD WaE NNOMSTIOMT Scanned with CamScanne’PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE ‘That the light has been materially curtailed. That the action has made the Dominant tenement unhabitable discurbance, Conditions under which the Remedy of Injunctions (Injury) is Available Wheo the damage to the Dominant tencment would not reader it unfit for human babitation, Court compeasation to the owner of the Dominant tenement. The Court in such ease has to be satsfied on the following points before awarding damages: Injury of small nature? Will the money payment be appropriate? Can the amount of money compensation be calculated? (i) Would it be appropriate to give injunction? ‘The answers to the frst three is yes and fourth is no. Court generally uses its discretion to award damages (money compensation) rather than injuries (injuctior ‘Extinction of Easements “The Indian Easements Act has provided in all eleven diffeent ways in which ‘an exsement may be extinguished. Essential Conditions for the Enjoyment of Easements 1 Easement can be enjoyed by Dominant heritage only. fan casement over the night of way, the same can be utilized by the Dominant family and servants and nobody else. + 2 In the enjoyment of the easement, the Servient owner should be burdened as low as possible A person having the easement rights of discharging rain water from the eaves of a roof cannot increase the width of the said caves projection. ‘A’ and ‘B' were the owners of adjacent fields and one mode of approaching 462 EASEMENS B's fled was by a way which passed through A's field. B's field was used for converted his feld into timber yard and * could not be merely altering the Dominant heritage, substantially iccrease the easement. 3. led to all acts which are necessary forthe proper is, Thus, the Dominant owner can go to Servieot av oF to alter the drs line. But itis compulsory that tre works should be made good and no damage should be dove to the Servient heritage. Al the expenses of the preservation of the easements are to be boene by the Dominant owner. Problems “The architect or the engineer may be called upon for his professional advice in a number ef problems £0 far asthe easements are concerned. ‘Problest No. 1 To safeguard she interes 1 so that the easement rights are not acquired: the ncighbour may raise additional floors over his existing ‘windows ia the new work so as to enjoy air and light from the and p Dproperty baving a building of low height If these are not checked in time, the same wil in the preseriptive rights of easements. ighbour will always opea out the windows so as to get the maximum rooms. Ifthe said windows remain unobstructed for a period of 20 t be possible for the client to fully develop his property due to the Fig. ‘The most reasonable way of protecting the cleint’s interest under such circumstances is to arrange fora short agreement between the neighbour and the client 463 RRR Nn OSH Sf Aibfineoy sn whl std bert meted hot oo enn igs, sigh ands camese alowed fo xy boas ante Rete ee ope o mes fs nominal The aagenet mat ses ae ‘ipbour wl nt eanyelesnns ire mene chew one ean pore. " 1 uually beprens ha te geghtour wil ac ape othe pop andthe sai gous ef hat ne wil te tok pte nid gto eas caraantemaceceat iethatantrecrsfanniseaaurecnn SEininvaneonenremcctmaies sai Eiaie ecetuecieseisiecsctannee Silage ca can meee Minit imscoats tetany asa Tenement gtinsner arty gmat aon otter eet as 0 teeta TEST settee seerGceictectcetit ie iat Protection of Easement Rights by CL Sheet Sercen Wall ‘This course of providing CL. Sheet stern wall cannot be sented co air 20 _yeats have passed asthe Dominant owner wil immedatly move the cur the following ground racnely Gy “atte hasacguiced the prescriptive rights ofeazements andthe same ars now interteed with @) Tarte obstruction will make the rooms uocomforable, wbeaity and finaly ua fr bazan habiaton. @)- That the eas of the property wil be acted. (8) That he market value of the property wl be diminished Problem No.2 PRESERVATION OF THE PRESCRIPTIVE RIGHTS OF EASEMENTS: Tes necessary fire to know water the elit is ina positon of Dominant ‘owner aving enjoyed air and light Sontinsousl std untrue Zor a period of ‘more than-10 year. ifthe cit has sequzed the easement igi, necessary steps should be taken fo preserve the same. Asicoge numberofercunstancesunder which eessementsareextingusied, the most important are: (1). When either the Domiaaat or Servint beitage is completly destroyed, 404 che Daina mena comand popu suicremeeose eres ‘impone nthe Servet er Dla in costeion by th Dot owner let potas os geome per nena miihurrsneeeanaiaeer ee Tenccccan wirigh ands conmuoaty aa wi seed proce sani oroepe epee ngecaten Tesmatbra henaenead is pate cencee Satine esti nine cae fergGitanad abaoaneiemnaeansteat "res wel be rgd bay eign aol ls te pt Gomi avarice esas suai manana recesses tice tecrtt pps rb rt er ee seni merge eka tc amis Sry ts ere @ etic Tete of cron “a this cas the jlnt measurements are taken of bot the en mt sn es ve Ta ees spam tat ator ie cern metre Saa acess eo “5 ne Scanned with CamScanne’Saving in time and legal costs. Position and sizes of windows can be altered during the course of replanning of the building, Legal Method “This method should be resorted to when the method of co-operation fails. For thus purpose itis necessary: fings showing the position of the w gles. @ lines should be taken. a be prepared takiag care to see that angles are kept the same as those all. (The construction work should be takeo in hand after the easement rights have been established and not before. The plaas, photographs, et tothe acighbour for his verification and coalition. [fn reply is received within a stipulated time, period, then, the plans become final and binding and the work of demolition can be proceeded with. If the same is objected to, the matter will be refered to the Court for its decision and the work of demolition eaa be proceaded with afler the Court has given its decision on the mater. Problem No.3 EFFECTS OF HURRYING ON A BUILDING WORK WHERE INJUNCTION IS ANTICIPATED: Injunction is a judicial process prohibiting one party from interfering and destroying the legal rights of another party. Tae main purpose ofthe injunctior prevent future injuries, egal complications and to leave the matter as status quo Perpetual or permanest injunction. Mandatory injunction. injunction is prohibitory order on the party from doing any act which might cause ble loss and the same is grated for a specified period. In granting such mn, the Court takes an undertaking from the aggrieved party (applying for ma) to pay such amount by the way of dameges in case the opposite party whom the injunction is taken) siffers damages due to the said injunction end the same to be decided by Court. 466 EASEMENTS. injunction permaneal probibitory or ‘actual damages that may rest der and usually granted whea itis not possible tor to prevent legal complications that in works, sometimes happens that 1 be carrying out certain works, mts damages doue doe tothe sid works cannot be estimated by @0y cometimes happens that the client will be camying our work of the hurry knowing or not knowing the easement rights is architect and serious view resulting in fine and imprisonment. Under the above circumstances, it is advisable to settle the matter with the neighbour by offering him adequate compensation so that he can release the easement rights and the necessary documents are prepared to that effect which will save considerable time and legal cost. If the works have already been carried out and if the court finds that possible to ascertain the damages by any of the methods, then the court will grant ‘mandatory injunction whereby the clients required to pall down the new construction work and restore the building to its original condition. ting Compensation when Easement Rights Are Factors for Interfered Wi 1 an adequate quatum of light to be retained by the Dominant ‘tenement to prevent an actionable nuisance? 2. How many square feet of adequately lighted floor space will the Dominant tenement lose when the Servient tenement is altered or rebuilt? 3. What is the capital value of such-loss of adequately lighted floor space, and also the value of the general reduction of light due to the alteration of the Servient tenement? Easement of Supports It is the natural right of every owner of the land to enjoy the support of the ‘wheo a basement floor is proposed just scannea wiicanScdineom enn ya Smaps spoons ota SSeump ov 9p sa # 3 noe yo soma ey vp vost pao ano a Pot 9H spp Kp 200 ‘Seno aos sence Sey ssa 2) 2 em eRe Pm oo ‘Sinan seo pono joao aj sta eon ea iujicesomnestedind an den fre Pot Soe por [iste og neg bmp stom oh ere ete an ste ane pam oy anim aus a pe ‘sean tou Bees og P| ot 990 Secon crore Secory poe pomre na Bos on oy We Shou sommfn or sje pape a, ota snore “yes nr pn ese By a ap NS AS ss emaeononon prema eo tm) ager te ap “Sapo mn fom st ‘ent ov nog pens wo se ee Pon Sn eee are eel ee sp not med on sng hen vin jo an HH ‘Gi asm msn nq jo ano er eyo ae {nj nge ony an Kp ela a a cer i te seen i She Eaters wor ‘2.qssoduy saan amma a oRIPUDD REN oH ed aMSTO 20 ey soos 4 ego pow saan TNH apo 4 6 38099 Tem OO oo “Jropmi enn esata sme tp a0 ary spp 369 re "aon seouaees ee goa Tom end vo ada atm ede hy “yomose org eu ou 5 dso a ong ‘sang og en m8 odd op oye ‘158 os 00) pad se oy sla ag no Kats oy panog owe 20 pabadl Jo {ns am sesso! pane 00) pone a ys oe oH 200 pune ‘uo Bao 1) Had onus a 03 00 oda aso a ‘Seo mop Sena 204 sy pou pnar® om Sepa ep “cau Py area mp am) J0 C1 BoREaS pom ‘sano yrs ou oo ee so ea oo em no fe Rogan sya pe Sat o sotnd omy sey "Soaon Seppe Bape ie mogion Jo yoo vode Sua yo rey sod © oa sea ‘tap 29 See Pon neo onion vy em we Ny Og tn a () es wo no pure ogo am Sayan Sa wef ek sssotema oa mat eee mp2 oer eae ia 31 Fopet sen ur) -sen aa. so pone as oy oon Se snd et yea ens 2 J Bien op seo paap #1 I goes ty fo oo SSL aera mete Sra ita poms a spent orm remmeyy ee win nn Sale! 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