1. What do you understand on the concept of being human from Islamic and Western perspectives?

What I understand on the concept of being human from Islamic and Western
perspectives is from Islamic perspective is understanding by being ‘human’ is not the same
as the contemporary modern Western world’s understanding of it—whose understanding is
derived originally from the Enlightenment period. For example,  that man does not have a
spiritual nature in the “soul”  Immanuel Kant (d. 1804).  the Western man’s ways of
thinking and consciousness which evolved over centuries have impinged and surreptitiously
infused into the Muslims own ways of thinking and consciousness, causing confusion in their
worldview on one of the key elements that constitutes the worldview of Islam on the nature
of man. From Islamic perspectives the nature of man as understood in Islam, which does
not restricts the scientific method to sense perception and reason, but also includes
postulates that man is both physical and spiritual (i.e. possesses a soul), in which the
physical is embedded in and serves the spiritual. In additional , a man that is true to his
natural inclination (fitrah) ould voluntarily limit his material desire through the cultivation of
virtues and self-discipline in order that he might realize his higher. Lastly , to be a man
of adab (a good man), that is, a man who knows his place in relation to others and
ultimately his Creator.