DIVINA GRACIA VIBAL CIELO BSM-II

Activity 5 - Definition of Terms

Assignment:
Define the following:
1. selective toxicity- Selective toxicity refers to the drug's ability to
hit locations comparatively close to the infection-responsible
microorganism. These sites are often unique to the microorganism or are
simply more important to the microorganism 's survival than to the host.
2. broad-spectrum antibiotic- A wide range of antibiotics works
against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as opposed to a
narrow antibiotic range which is effective against particular bacterial
families. Ampicillin is an example of a commonly-used broad-spectrum
antibiotic.
3. narrow-spectrum antibiotic- A narrow-spectrum antibiotic is an
antibiotic capable of destroying or inhibiting only restricted bacterial
species. Vancomycin, fidaxomicin and sarecycline are examples of narrow-
spectrum antibiotics.
4. Antibiotic- Antibiotics are chemicals that destroy or prevent
bacterial growth, and are used to treat infections of bacteria. Soil
bacteria and fungi produce these in nature.
5. chemotherapeutic synthetic drug- Synthetic antimicrobial agents
are effective in the treatment of microbial or viral diseases.
Sulfonilamides, isoniazid, ethambutol, AZT, nalidixic acid, and
chloramphenicol are all examples.
6. Cidal- A bactericidal ('cidal') antibiotic is one that destroys
bacteria in order to benefit, without relying on the immune system of the
patient.
7. Static- A bacteriostatic ('static') antibiotic is one that stops the
organism from spreading, but it is the immune system of the patient that
destroys the bacteria and contributes to the infection's recovery.
8. Sterilization- Sterilization is the complete removal or degradation
by physical and chemical means of living organisms that are contaminated.
9. Disinfection- Disinfection is the mechanism through which most
pathogenic microorganisms (excluding bacterial spores) are removed on
inanimate items. Physical or chemical methods may be used to achieve the
disinfection.
10. Disinfectant- Disinfectants are chemical agents that are built on
inert surfaces to inactivate or kill microorganisms.
11. Antiseptic- An antiseptic is a type of disinfectant that, when
applied to body surfaces or to exposed tissues, kills or prevents the
growth of micro-organisms in living tissues without causing harmful
effects.
12. physical agent- Physical agents such as light , heat, pressure and
radiation may be applied to water for beneficial water quality
improvements, such as disinfection of pathogens or pollutant destruction.
Physical agents include such regulation methods as high or low
temperature, drying, osmotic pressure, radiation, and filtration. The
usage of disinfectants, antiseptics, antibiotics, and chemotherapeutic
antimicrobial chemicals applies to regulation through chemical agents.