8

Science
Quarter 1 - Module 8
Current and Charge
Science — Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 — Module 8: Current and Charge
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City

Division Superintendent: Jesnar Dems S. Torres, PhD, CESO VI

Development Team of the Module

Writer(s): Jezza Marie D. Mejares

Reviewer(s): Nilda U. Villegas, EPS – Science

Florida D. Arias, PhD, PSDS
Ma. Thessa Jude C. Dalupere – MT-1

Illustrator(s): Jay Michael A. Calipusan, PDO II

Layout Artist:

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Schools Division Superintendent

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Chairperson: Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Pablito B. Altubar, CID Chief

Members: Nilda U. Villegas, EPS - Science

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Jay Michael A. Calipusan, PDO II
Mercy M. Caharian, Librarian II

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 8
Science
Quarter 1 - Module 8
Current and Charge
This page is intentionally blank
 Table of Contents

What This Module is About……………………………………………………………………….i

What I Need to Know……………………………………………………………………………...i
How to Learn from this Module...........................................................................................ii
Icons of this Module............................................................................................................ii
What I Know..................................................................................................................... ..iii

Lesson 1:
Relationship between Current and Charge
What I Need to Know1
What’s New: Activity 1: Current and Charge ………………………………….. …….1
Activity 2: Relationship of Current and Charge …..………………….. 4
What Is It................................................................................................................5
What’s More...........................................................................................................8
What I Have Learned.............................................................................................9
What I Can Do……………………………………………………………………………10

Summary …………………………………………………………………………………………12
Assessment: (Post-Test) ……………………………………………………………………...13
Key to Answers ………………………………………………………………………………....14
References ……………………………………………………………………………………….18
This page is intentionally blank
What This Module is About
Welcome to the Science 8 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Current and
Charge.
This module was designed, developed, and reviewed by educators to assist you, the
teacher or facilitator, in helping learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

To the facilitators:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You
also need to keep track of the learners’ progress while allowing them to manage their own
learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the
tasks included in the module.

To the parents:

As vital partners in education, your support to your children’s learning at home, is a

great factor to ensure that they will become successful in what they do. As parents, you are
expected to monitor your children’s progress while they are accomplishing the tasks in this
module. At the same time, ensuring that they learn independently.

To the learners:

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. This also aims to help learners acquire the
needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.
Furthermore, it is our objective that you will have fun while going through this
material. Take charge of your learning pace and in no time, you will successfully meet the
targets and objectives set in this module which are intended for your ultimate development
as a learner.

What I Need to Know

After going through this module, you should be able to:

1. infer the relationship between current and charge.
 i
How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives, you have to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.
 ii

What I Know

Direction: Select the letter of the correct answer and write it in your notebook.

1. The unit of charge is ________.

A. Second B. Joule C. Coulomb D. Newton

2. A current of 2A flows for 20 seconds through a lamp, how much charge has moved?
A. 2.2C B. 10C C. 40C D. 202C

3. Which material/s supply the electrical energy?

I. lamp
II. dry cell
III. wires
IV. load

A. I B.II C. I, II D. I, II, III, IV

4. How are current and charge related?

A. Current is referred to as electric charge.
B. Charge is equal to amount of current.
C. Current can be determined by amount of charge per second.
D. Charge can be obtained by the amount of electric current.

5. A proton is __________ charge.

A. positive B. negative C. no charge D. zero

6. One electron charge is equivalent to

A. 1.602 x 10-19 C. 1.602 x 1019
-19
B. 1.206 x 10 D. 1.206 x 10-19

7. How long can a flashlight run if it draws 0.11A and its battery contains 10C of
charge?
A. 1.1s B. 0.011s C. 101.11s D. 90.91s

8. When the charge increases from 30 to 50C, the current ____________.

A. decreases B. increases C. nothing changed D. the same

9. The circuit shown on the right is closed.

A. True B. False C. No answer

10. What is the function of a load?

A. It provides a path for charges to flow to the different parts of the circuit.
B. It provides the required energy for moving charges
 C. It breaks in a circuit that can be closed and opened, controlling the flow of
electricity.
D. It converts electrical energy into other forms of energy.

iii

Relationship between Current

Lesson and Charge
1
What I Need to Know

Objective: At the end of the module, you must be able to infer the relationship between
current and charge.

What’s New

Activity 1 – Current and Charge

Have you discovered new things and new apps on your cellphones during the
pandemic time? What have you downloaded? What is it all about? What skills of yours
were challenged and tested? To add more on your skills list, let us try to do the sticking
paper activity. You will need a comb or balloon (if you have one) and strips of paper. You
will rub the comb on your hair or the balloon on a wool sweater then slowly bring the balloon
or the comb to the strips of paper. Hold it still and observe.
What happens to the paper after placing the balloon of the comb near to it? What is
the reason for this?
Rubbing the comb/balloon from your hair/wool sweater moved electrons from your
hair/sweater to these materials. The comb has a negative static charge and the neutrally
charged strips of the paper were attracted to it.
 Figure 2. The Charged comb (quora.com)

1
A. Reading. Read the article below and answer the questions after.

Charge is the fundamental property that allows the particles to attract or repulse with
each other. The charges found on these particles are positive, negative and neutral. Proton
is known as the positive charge, neutron as the negative charge, and neutrons with equal
number of negative and positive charges.
Charge is measured in Coulombs. One proton has 1.602X10 -19 Coulombs of charges
and the one electron is equal to -1.602X10-19 Coulombs.
The electric charge experiences force when placed in an electric field. Electric field
is the electric force per unit of charge. The electric field is going outward from a positive
charge and going inward to a negative charge. As shown below,

A B
Figure 3. Electric field A. Formula (hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu), B. Field lines(physics4kids.com)
Just like the universal law of attraction, like charge particle repulses meaning the
particles move away from each other and the opposite particles attracts meaning it moves
toward each other. Generation of current happens then when the charges (generally
electrons) move in one particular direction. And the current produced in this is widely used
for lighting and mechanical works.

Figure 4. Flow of negative charge/ electrons(circuitglobe.com)

When there is a continuous flow of electrons (the negative charge) current (as shown
above in the figure) is produced over a period of time. It is a physical quantity which is
measured and expressed mathematically. Any conducting material has a huge number of
free electrons (refer to figure below) such that when there is voltage or emf applied across
the free electron, it starts moving and induces the current.
EMF/Voltage
 Figure 5. Flow of negative charge/ electrons(electronic-notes.com)

2
Electric current consists of AC (Alternating Current) and DC (Direct Current). Current
moved only in one direction if it is in direct current and move in both directions when in
alternating current (as shown below).

Figure 6. DC and AC (extremelowenergy.com)

Fill in the table below with correct word/s for the Summary:

Basis for Comparison Charge Current

Definition

Force

Unit

Guide questions:
1. What is charge? Give the unit of charge.
2. What are the three types of charges?
3. What is current? Give the unit of current.
4. What is the relationship of current to charge?
A. Calculations on Charge and Current
Instructions: Answer the problems below and show your solutions in your notebook.

Using the formula of current and charge below, calculate the following:

I (A) = Q (in Coulombs)

t (in seconds)

1. Find the unknown quantity:

a. I=0.4 A, Q= ______, t= 20 s
b. I = _____, Q= 240 C, t= 300 s
c. I = 0.9A, Q= 400 C, t= _____

2. Word Problems: Solve the following problems below in your notebook.

 a. If there is a current of 15 A in a circuit for 20 minutes, what quantity of electric
charge flows in through a circuit?
b. How much current must there be in a circuit if 150 C flow past a point in the circuit
in 8 seconds?
c. How long can a flashlight run for if it draws 0.20 A and its battery contains 15C of
charge?

d. An iPod runs for 4 hours while drawing 0.15 A of current. How many coulombs of
charge does the iPod contain?

Guide Questions:
1. What is the relationship between current and charge?
____________________________________________________________
2. How can we increase the current running in a circuit?
____________________________________________________________

To know more of this relationship of current and charge, let us have the next activity.

Activity 2: Relationship of Current and Charge

Objective: After performing the activity, you will be able to infer the relationship of current
and charge.
Materials needed:
Pen and paper, calculator

Procedure:

Using the formula given to you in the last activity, solve the following
problems and write down your answers in your notebook.
I. Find the unknown quantities in the table and show your solution.
I (A) Q (C) t (s)
1 0.7 ? 20
2 ? 240 150
3 0.9 300 ?

II. Word Problems. Solve the following problems below and write your answer in your
notebook.
 1. A charge of 12C passes through the filament of a car headlamp bulb in 4s. What
is the current?
2. A current of 200mA flows for 120seconds. How much charge has passed?

Remember that current and charge are both interrelated to each other. The static
particle has charge and the movement of charges is known as the current.

What Is It
Charge is an electrical property of the atomic particles of which matter
consists, it is measured in coulombs (C). The movement of this charge around a
circuit is called electric current or simply current. Current is measured in Amperes
(A). Time is measured in seconds (s). The current is simply the ratio of the quantity
of charge and time.
I = Q (in Coulombs, C)
t (seconds)

Example 1
Find charge Q, if the current of a certain wire is 0.4A in 20s.

Solution:
I = Q (in Coulombs, C)
t (seconds)

Q = I x t = (0.4A x 20s) = 8 C.

Example 2
A gadget runs for 120s while drawing 0.25 A of current. How many Coulombs of
charge does the gadget contain?

Solution:
I = Q (in Coulombs, C)
t (seconds)

Q = I x t = (0.25A x 120s)
= 30 C.

An electric circuit is any arrangement of connecting wires, load and source. A

complete or a closed circuit provides path for electrical charges to flow.

Quantity Symbol Unit of Measurement Unit Abbreviation

Current I Ampere A
 Voltage E or V Volt V
Resistance R Ohm Ω

The table above summarizes the information on Voltage, Current and Resistance. Its
relationship was formulated by Georg Simon Ohms called The Ohms Law. In the law, it
states that the voltage is directly proportional to current and resistance.
V=IR
Where;
V is the voltage, unit is volts or V
I is the current, unit is ampere or A
R is the resistance, unit is ohms or Ω

5
For example, we will calculate the amount of current (I) in the given circuit below.

Figure 4. Circuit Diagram (allaboutcircuits.com)

I =?

The given values are E or the voltage is 12V and the resistance is 3Ω. In the given
circuit, we need to find the value of current (I). So, what is the amount of current in the
circuit?
From the equation, we have V = IR, in order to get the value of current we will look
for I. So, we have

In the second example, we will determine the amount of resistance (R) in a given
circuit below.

R =?

Figure 4. Circuit Diagram (allaboutcircuits.com)

 By using the formula, we will have;

Can you find what is being asked in the diagram below?

E =?

Figure 4. Circuit Diagram (allaboutcircuits.com)

How much voltage did you get? Is it 14 volts? Then you got it right!

Here is an information coming from allaboutcircuits.com1 that will assist us if we have

difficulty in finding or calculating a certain quantity in Ohm’s law.
Ohm’s Law is a very simple and useful tool for analyzing electric circuits. It is used
often in the study of electricity and electronics that it needs to be committed to memory by
the serious student. For those who are not comfortable yet with the algebra, there’s a trick
to remembering how to solve for anyone with quantity, given with the first two. First arrange
the letters E, I and R in a triangle like this;

Figure 5. Ohm’s Law Triangle (allaboutcircuits.com)

 If you know E and I, and is looking for the value of resistance, just eliminate the R
from the triangle and see what’s left;

Figure 5. Ohm’s Law Triangle (allaboutcircuits.com)

Similarly, if you have the values of E and R and wants to know the value of I,
eliminate I and you are left with;

Figure 5. Ohm’s Law Triangle (allaboutcircuits.com)

1. https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/direct-current/chpt-2/voltage-current-resistance-relate/ Retrieved las June 14, 2020.

7
Lastly, if you have I and R and wish to know the value of E, eliminate E and
you will have;

Figure 5. Ohm’s Law Triangle (allaboutcircuits.com)

\
What’s More

Try to practice the following problems below to master the relationship of current
and charge. Make sure to show your solution and write your answers in your
notebook.

Current (A) Charge (C) Time(s)

1 ? 200 15
2 ? 350 10
3 .36 ? 45s
4 2.5 ? 30s
5 0.50 150 ?

Study the diagram below. Can you name the different components of a circuit?
 Figure 3. Simple Circuit(shutterstock.com)

Instructions: Match the figures in column A to its name in Column B and its functions in
Column C. In the space provided before the number in Column A, write the
letter that corresponds to the words in Column B and functions in Column C.
Write your answers in your notebook.
Column A Column B Column C

Provides a path for charges to

_____1 ____ a. Switch m. flow to the different parts of the
circuit.
freesvg.org
Provides the required energy
_____2 ____ b. Bulb n. for moving charges through a
region of increasing potential.
pickpic.com

Break in a circuit that can be

_____3. _____c. Battery o. closed and opened, controlling
the flow of electricity.

commons.wikimedia.org

Converts electrical energy into

_____4. _____d. Wires p. other forms of energy. It is
sometimes called a Load.

Watelectronics.com

Were you able to identify the pictures with its correct word and functions? Very good!
 What I Have Learned

I. Fill up the table below. Show your solution and write your answers in your
notebook.

Current (A) Charge (C) Time (s)

1 ? 200 10
2 25 ? 5
3 45 120 ?

II. Solve the following problems and show your solutions in your notebook.

1. An iPod runs for 2hours while drawing 0.05A of current. How many coulombs of
charge does the iPod contain?
2. How much current must there be in a circuit if 100 C flow past a point in the circuit in 4
seconds?

III. Fill in the blanks. As you read the paragraph below, supply the blanks with correct
word to make the sentence complete.

Charge is an electrical property of the atomic particles. It consists of three

types namely; ___________, proton and _________. It is measured in Coulombs
with a symbol _______. The movement of this charge around a circuit is called a
_________. It is measured in Amperes, A. To measure the flow of charges we will
use the formula I = Q (charge)/ time (seconds).The relationship of charge to current
is ________ proportional which means that when charge increases, the current
increases too and when it decreases, it decreases as well.
A circuit is composed of power source like ______, connecting wires, loads
(like bulbs, fan, tv, computer, etc..) and switch. If the circuit is _____, the loads will
not function and when it is on, the charge will flow to its connection making the loads
work according to its purpose.

What I Can Do
Task for the Week: Create a word problem and a graph that determines the relationship
of current and charge.

Objectives:
At the end of this activity, you must be able to come up with:
1. three - word problems that describe the relationship of current and charge
2. fill up the table by solving the missing values with constant time, and
3. explain the relationship of the current and charge using a graph.
Materials Needed
Pen and paper
Procedure:
1. Create three - word problems that asks for the relationship of charge and current by
providing missing values on the different quantities. (Current, Charge and Time)
2. Provide key answers for the problems you have created.
3. Rubrics will be used in creating word problems.
10

CATEGORY 4 3 2 1

Word The problems were The problems are The problems The problems
Problems easy to understand. somewhat are difficult and are very difficult,
(5pts) Needed quantities difficult, and some vague. Some and no quantities
are clearly given. quantities are quantities are were given.
missing. missing.
Rubrics for Word Problem

4. Solve the missing values given in the table below and write your answers in your
notebook.
Charge (C) Current (A) Time (s)
1 10 45
2 200 45
3 20 45

5. Create a graph of the values you have in current and charge based on your answers
in the table. (Look at the sample graph below.)
 (graph credits to the writer)
6. Write a conclusion on the relationship of current and charge based on your graph.
7. Every word problem with correct key answer is 5pts, rubric is 20pts for the three
problems.
8. Table with the solution is 5pts each as well. The graph is 10 pts and the conclusion
is10pts.
9. Perfect score is 70 pts.

11

Summary
1. Charge is an electrical property of the atomic particles. The charge is the fundamental
property of particles (ion, atom and molecules) which allows them to attract and repulse
with each other when it is placed in an electrical field.
2. The charge on the particles is of three types positive, negative and neutral. The positive
charge particle is known as a proton and the negative charge particle is known as the
electron. The particle which has an equal number of negative and positive charges is
known as the neutrons.
3. The charge is measured in coulombs. The one proton has 1.602X10-19 Coulombs of charges
and the one electron is equal to -1.602X10-19   Coulombs.
4. Electric current is a measure of the number of electrical charges (usually electrons or
negative charges) passing through a cross section of a conductor in a given time. The
direction of the conventional current is from the positive terminal of the battery to the
negative terminal.
5. Current is equals to the charge in coulombs over time in seconds.
I (in A) = Q (in Coulombs, C)
t (seconds)

6. A circuit is composed of power source like battery, connecting wires, loads (like bulbs, fan,
TV, computer, etc.) and switch. If the circuit is closed, the loads will not function and when
it is on, the charge will flow to its connection making the loads work according to its
purpose.
 12

Assessment: (Post-Test)

Direction: Select the letter of the correct answer and write it in your notebook.

1. Which will cause the current in a material to decrease?

A. increase the charge C. increase the time
B. decrease the time D. decrease the length
2. If the charge of an object is tripled, then the current through the object would be
A. one-third as much C. unchanged
B. three times as much D. cannot predict
3. If the time for the object to be is quadrupled, then the current through the object would be
A. one-fourth as much C. unchanged
B. four times as much D. cannot predict
4. How can we increase the current running in a circuit?
A. add more loads C. increase the charge
B. open the circuit D. increase the resistance
5. What is the function of a load?
 A. It provides a path for charges to flow to the different parts of the circuit.
B. It provides the required energy for moving charges
C. It breaks in a circuit that can be closed and opened, controlling the flow of
electricity.
D. It converts electrical energy into other forms of energy.
6. One electron charge is equivalent to
A. 1.602 x 1019 C. 1.206 x 10-19
B. 1.206 x 10-19 D. 1.602 x 10-19
7. How long can a flashlight run if it draws 0.2A and its battery contains 10C of charge?
A. 0.2s B. 2s C. 5s D. 50s
8. When the charge increases from 100 to 200C, the current ____________.
A. decreases B. increases C. nothing changed D. the same
9. What is missing in the circuit shown?
A. battery
B. load
C. wires
?
D. switch
10. What is the charge of a gadget if it has a current of 12A running in 45seconds?
A. 0.267C B. 3.75C C. 540C D. 1200C

13

Key to Answers
14
15
16
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References

Campo, Pia C. et.al., Science – Grade 8 Learner’s Material.Department of Education-

Instructional Materials Council Secretariat (DedEd-IMCHS) Pasay City.2013

Circuit Globe. https://circuitglobe.com. Retrieved last June 12, 2020

All About Circuits. https://www.allaboutcircuits.com. Retrieved last June 15, 2020

Hyperphysics. http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu. Retrieved last June 15, 2020

18
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Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City

Office Address: Brgy. 23, National Highway, Gingoog City
Telefax: 088 328 0108/ 088 328 0118
E-mail Address: gingoog.city@deped.gov.ph