a 2 3. 5. z 10. a 4 [Structurat Conversion \S Presentation 1 @ I’ve never been given such a nice present. I's the nicest present I've ever been given. He's never flown by Concorde belore. It's the first time he's ever flown by Concorde. It’s a long time since he visited us, He hasn't visited us for a long time. When did you leave school? How long ago did you leave school? How jong is it since you left school? The last time | caw her was 2 month ago. | haven't seen her for a month. 3. He joined the gol club ten months ago. He has been a member of the golf club for ten months, i's a month since she moved to Austria. ‘She moved to Austria a month ago. She started English lessons a year ago. ‘She has been doing English fessons for a year. it's a year since she started doing English lessons. 2. Having had dinner, ! went to bed. After having dinner | went to bed. After I had had dinner, | went to bed. J think there vill be war soon. In my opinion, there is going to ba war soon. Hf you ask me, there's bound to ba war soon, tn my estimation, war is imminent. I don’t belleve he'll come. It’s my belief that he won't come. Thave a feeling that he won't come. There's no reason to believe that he'll come. 12. While | was walking down the street saw Mary. White walking down the street, | saw Mary. When | was walking down tha street, I saw Mary, It was white | was walking down the street that | saw Mary. Was there any response to his apoaal? Did anyone respond to his appeal? 13, The race willis going to be helditake place tomorrow. She started doing her homework as soon as her brother had lett for schoot. She started doing her homework when her brother had left for school. She didn’t start doing her homework Uuntif her brother had latt for school. She waited until her brother had left for schoo! before she started doing her homework. ‘Not untit her brother had left for school did she start doing her homework. When did you last have a haircut? When was the last time you had a haircut? ‘She wrote the book while she was on 15. 16. 17, holiday. ‘She wrote the book during her holiday. J only slept for an hour fast night. 1 onty had an hour's sleep last night. itis certain that he'll pass his exams. There is no doubt that he'll pass his exams. He is bound to pass his exams. 18. 19. 11 Finish the fotowing sentences without changing the meaning of the sentences printed before them. 1. It's weeks since | last went to the countryside. Ihaven't been to the countryside for weeks. 2. Our school has never held a Christmas party betore. Ws 8, They began building the tunnel eighteen months: 290. They have ... - 4. When was tha planat Pluta discovered? How He has never felt so embarrassed betore, It's ‘They raided the fridge as soon as. their mother had left They didn't ve never met such an immature person! She's the 10—— Presentation tf — 8, France hasn't won a gold medal in this sport for a long time, Its a. 9. Istarted st TEV nn 10, How long ago did you reaiise the truth? How long Is it 11. The doctor didn't start the operation until the anaesthetic had taken effect. The doctor waited .. . 42, He realised his mistake when it was too late. He didn't .... 18. It's the most ridiculous sug I've never 14, When did you last see Paul? When was 18, After he had finished his homework, he went for a walk. Having ying law 12. Fill in the blanks with a suitable word or phrase practising various tenses. By December 15th we . in Greece for two months. She . since 6 o'clock and still hasn't finished her homework. Don’t put too much in that bag or .. |. Don't phone Mark now - its late and he 1. By the end of next year she will have been in London for three years, 2. Since | came to Work, YOU sane : . nothing but complain! 3. As soon as they : stolen, they called the police. 4. We drove very slowly because snow - heavily. 5. That author's new book next month. 6. We didn't realise we'd forgotten the tickets until to the altport 7 8 9. 0. bed. 43. Foreach o1 ine sentences below, write a new sentence as similar 2s possible in meaning to the original sentence but using the word given. The word must not be alfered in any way. e.g. Photography interests me, FIND Hind photography interesting. 1. Lbelieve it's going to rain. FEELING 2, Ihaven't been to the cinema for weeks, TIME 3, The contest takes place tomorrow. HELD 4. Sha startad cleaning as soon as the children had lott. UNTIL 5. It’s certain that they'll be late BOUND 6, Was her call answered by anyone? ANSWER nConsolidation 1 414. Use only ona word to fil in each of the numbered blanks. Surprisingly to most people, postal services have (1) .n....-nu-- I Some parts of the world for thousands of years. There is some (2) . -»thata postal service existed among the Assyrians and Babylonians. (3) ‘China a regular postal service was (4) .-in the 7th century B.C., and over the centuries attained such a high (5) of efficiency that about 2,000 years After (6) xrnrnnrenen institution it (7) .-the admiration of travellers (8) ‘a8 Marco Polo. Efficient and highly developed postal services were (2). established in the Persian and Roman empires. These services in (10) vo... times were mainly Confined (11) ........theuse of the state: private citizens made (12). Ofslaves, the couriers of othor countries and morchante, to (13) messages and documents. In Medieval Europe, postal services were organised by emperors and by the papacy, (14) . private citizens continued to entrust their correspondence to (15)... kinds of travelers. Later, towards the 13th century, the universities and towns came to have their (16) messengers. It was not (17) . the 14th century that merchants, the private czens who had the greatest (18)... ofa speedy and regular exchange of correspondence, began to set (19) regular courier services. The needs of business (20) +. to the ‘organising of the postal service as we know it today. 15. Firin tho correct proposition or adverb. act up : behave awkwardly or 1. I don't think his statement bears on this case. badly 2. You can't change your mind now. I's too late to back «the deal anger BGERT™ GaN ondtatt 3. The plant manager answers directly 8 the head af the eempany, 4. Lwas prepared to back... her answer (sb) back = speak dey 10 sb story Because knew ha the wah, 5, The baby has been acting sawn nnrnnn all answer for : be responsible for sth day. Ithink she must be teething. answer to : beunderthe command 6, The murderer will aNSWEF en his of sb crimes in the highest court in the lend, : 7. Faced with such formidable opposition to his back down : cease to oppose plans, he had no choice but to back P ; 8. The teacher accused him of answering her back out of: withdraw from sea ancl enavetg aor Deen explain what he had been doing, 9. If you can bear me a litle bear on : be relevant to longer, I'l tell you the rest of the story. 410, After a violent attack in the press on their bear with : tolerate weltare policies, the Conservativesanswered with a statement of their reforms since taking office. 16 Look at Appendix 1 and fill in one of the prepositions or adverbs from the box below, then give @ synonym for each phrasal verb. hanaath - off «up te - in for - in with - down on - out -on - down with - into 4. Susan gets all the perks because she’s in with the administration. 2. She 10S IIS ne ronernennen HOF 10 SOCialise With Uneducated people 3. As an ex-smoker, Paul is people who smoke. 1Hell @ on Halt the staff are She doesn't eat crisps or chocolate; she's ..... Our doa has been . Do you know what's I'don't know what he’s been The roses have been alt but . neatly, et10st alin: exhausted all told : altogether for all: in spite of ofall people: used to express ‘annoyance / surprise all along : from the beginning all the same: yet, however all in all: ‘when everything is considered for all | know: as faras | know for all care: | don't care ‘Idioms 2 to take sth Into account : to consider sth ‘on account of : because of ‘on no account : in no circumstances on this/that account : for this / that reason on the air : broadcasting (opp.: off the ait) inthe air: 1) uncertain, 2) spreading about to clear the air: to get rid of suspicion or bad feeling to be up in arms : to be very angry ‘on the alert : on the look-out; expecting sth its food for days now. at the cinema tonight? . but he looks very embarassed. for a few days now. Consolidation 1 itwhen his parents discover he took the money. the flu this week. What other meanings ‘can you find for a) be up to, b) be out, ©) be off? health foods. 17 Fillin the blanks with one of the idioms. 4. [ve all but finished; just give me afew minutes. 2. He's promised to come to the party on Friday: | don't believe him his hard work he didn't get a promotion. don't know how they found out, but they've known about it... I've been reading the newspapers and : .. | think the government will win the election. She told me her name was Joan but . she could be lying. ~ I don't think I'l go out tonight. tm . I never expected you, say such a thing! . OF course you can't live with us! . you can live in the street! here were 50 people at the party, ut not everyone stayed the whole evening, to 18 Fill in the blanks with one of the idioms. 1. Instead of bottiing up your feelings, let's have a good talk and clear the air. There's talk . of a possible stock-marketcrash The villagers ate... proposed motorway. Thaven't been able to travel much lately my car having broken down. His future is stil up ... he can't decide whether to become a surgeon ora psychiatrist. ‘You must . his educational back- ground when deciding what work to give him. ‘The meeting tomorrow is very important; . Must you be lete. ‘There's been a storm in Manila, so we won't be going there on holiday. You can’t go into the stucio just yet as the programme is stil. The police are always . for terrorists, particulary at airports. 2. . about the 10. 8— Consolidation 1 ——_— Prepositions: 19 Look at Appendix 3 and fill in the blanks with the correct preposition The cinema which was adjacent to the bank 1. was damaged when a bomb exploded in the 20 Look at Appendix 3 and fill in the blanks with the correct preposition. ‘The recommendations are based on a recent report by the Home Office. bank. 2. My litte sister still believes 2. What you're saying amounts a Father Christmas. blackmail 3. Beware sneene SttONG Currents when 3, Mr Parker was arrested .. driving swimming in this area. hilo undor the influanca of aleohel. 4, (bumped ‘anold schoo! friend 4. She finds it difficult adjusting .....m in town last week. the climate. 8, The tourists bartered .. their 5. Your celculations do not accord . souvenirs at the local marke! mine. 6. The children arrived at the fair and made a 6. She was very appreciative .. : beeline the ghost train, ail the support she got from her friends. TZ. There’ ADEM non rnnneUSINGhOSE-pipes 7. |was totally abashed .... his because of the drought tude menner. 8. The cat basked..... tha warm 8. His abstinence alcohol sunshine, Jasted only two months. 9. He continually boasts .... se his 9. Ihave an aversion... spiders. fantastic job. 40. The child showed no animosity 10. The man begged his wife... ther new stepbrother. forgiveness. 21 Foreach of the sentences below, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence but using the word given. The word must not be altered in any way. e.g. Photography interests me. FIND ind photography interesting. | don't know how I can make it up to you for spoiling your plans. AMENDS 2. dont mind staying in on a Saturday night if | have good company. AVERSE 3, The suspect could not explain why he had sand on his boots. ACCOUNT 4, Miss Hayes will expiain the day-to-day running of the office to you. ACQUAINT 5. What he told me made me very curious to hear the rest of the story APPETITE 6. The burglar was caught while stealing the jewels. ACT 7. My father doesn't like people to smoke without asking frst. APPROVE 4_____ Gonsolidation 1 8. Those official files cannot be seen by the public until the 21st century. ACCESS 9. Sheis very precious to him. APPLE 10. You shoule consider the fact that he hasn’t spoken French for years. ALLOWANCES 11. This is the first time I've been to the Bahamas. NEVER 12. Only Sheila came up with the solution to the problem. SUCCEEDED 22 Fill in the blanks with a suitable word or phrase. e.g. Take some warm clothes in case it gets cold. . The injured cyclist. : . 15 minutes for an ambulance to arrive. you had locked the door properly, the burglar. in, 1 LAWSH nn vom tng, Plhard | eat eancertate 1 Do hurry up! The taxi : snes MY TINULE NOW. That ie ok 3 8 chal . for you while you are painting? 1 2 3 4 5 6. There's discussing this any further if you don’t want to help me. 7 8 9. . However hard .. . Ican't give up smoking. I don't believe he did it. . hard work; he was once a builder. No matter . He is Oh, he'll be here soon. He's just .. Shop, 23 Find the mistake and correct it. She was a gitted novelist but Xinditlerent post. an He considered it a honour to receive such a prestigi There isa bar of bread in the bag. Surveys show that above 75% of the voters approve of the new law. The teacher was concemed from the student's progress. The magistrate would not accept to grant the defendant bail The human body cannot accept large amounts of raciation. We managed to find cheap accommodations in Paris, Information of this nature is valuable, according to me. He is not accustomed to deal with such a difficult client er She was advised to seek professional advise from a lawyer. She asked me for an advice. ‘The drugs had such a strong affect on her that they effected her abilty to drive 414, Iwas afraid to lose my bag among all the ethers. 415. After a month he willbe released from prison. 46. The club only admits people after twenty-five. 17, The evening we stayed at home and relaxed. 18. She introduced me to her son who was at my age. 19. Itis more than 2 month ago bafore | heard from my friend. 20. We simply must agree accepting his generous offer. Seenogsenn 16— Consolidation 1 24 inmost tines of the following text there is a grammatically incorrect item. Read the numbered 16 lines 1 - 11 and then write the correct form in the spaces provided for your answers. Some lines are correct. indicate these lines with a tick (v). The first one has been done for you. John’s parents, who will be married for twenty-five years by next month, plan to celebrate by going on a world cruise. They will be ‘away for three months, and by the time they will return, they ‘will hava visffad at lnact halftha countries in the world, Although they plan this down to the last detail, what they don't know is that John is planning to throw an enormous party for them on the day before they depart. K willbe at least 150 quests, a live band, ‘and masses of food which will prepare by a friend of John’s who “uns a catering business. The food Includes a selection of dishes from some of the countries John's parents will be visited. John hopes this will be one of the most special days of his parent's lives. will have been married Read the toltowing article and using the information given, complete the following letter by writing the missing words in the correct spaces. The words you need do not occur in the article. The first one has been done for you. Do not use more than two words for each blank. ‘The French governments planning to introduce new measures to monitor and limit the use of live animals in scientific research. Their aim is to es- tablish new standards forall of Europe. ‘The new measures aim to ensure that the public will be informed as to the conditions in which animals are Kept, and scientists will be made to justify their use of live animals in cases where substitutes could be found. A council will also be formed consisting of scien- tists, animal rights activists and other qualified members. It is hoped that France's actions will be an example to other European countries which now have few controls regarding the treat. ment of animals. Dear John, I'm just writing to tell you about an article | ‘ead that says the French government (1) going! about to introduce a new (2) anors 1 @ ~ and (4) .. the use ofanimaisin experiments, What (6). to do is (6) .. a new standard for Derren of Europe. They promise thet they will inform the public (6) ... scrariaiad animalsare kept, andithatscientists (9). to justty (10) - (11). ..they could find substitutes. They (12) council (13)... of sciantists, animal rights activists and other experts. Everyone (14) that this (15) . “other countries that they need to control the way they treat animals. live animals Yours, James——= Consolidation? _ 26 Fill in the blanks with one of the words from the box below in the correct form. laugh - smile - giggle - chuckie - sneer - grin - snigger - smirk - beam - titter - guftaw 4. MrJones chucklectto himself as he read a funny story in the newspaper. 2. The students, . when they saw that their teacher had sat on some chewing gum, 3. I hardly ever . 1 at jokes. I ust don't find them funny. 4, The woman -. with pleasure when she saw her daughter get off the plane. 5. Fiona pleasantly at her neighbour when she saw her walking through the park. 6. When he at the joke, everyone in the theatre turned to look at him. 7 8 9 0. 1 . The boy was so embarrassed he could do nothing but speechless. It's disgusting the Way Sh@ ....n.ns:mmninnn @t everyone Who doesn't dress as Well zs she does. Mr Smith always von when he Sees me; | get the feeling he knows something I don't. ). Those teenage girls do nothing BUt «0m. when they see boys they lke. . The women .. snow at their friend's rather lewd joke. 27 Choose from the sets of synonyms the word which is most appropriate in each case. 4. A.smail dog ran at my ankles but | 6. Refore | pay forthe painting, I need proof managed to cocigeit. (dodge, evade, that itis a(n)... .. Picasso, not shirk, duck) a copy. (real, authentic, genuine, natural) 2. He's so lazy! We all have to work harder 7. He may appear to be but because he's always in fact he doesn't mean what he says at al. (evading, shirking, ducking, dodging) (authentic, genuine, natural, res!) 8. The Prima Minister managed to 8, Ityou have stomach-problems itis best to any tricky questions asked by the inter- avoid .. .. food. (wealthy, viewer. (shirk, duck, dodge, evade) sfffuent, rich, opulent) 4, Smoking has .. his health; 9, 1 was rather embarrassed when John gave he coughs all the time. (swayed, me such a(n) . we gift. [had influenced, affected, impressed) ‘only bought him a box of chocolates for 5, I'm sure that living with a vegetarian has Christmas, (well-off, rich, opulent, affluent) "me to eat less meat. 10. Braail earns the majority ofits ineame from (swayed, affected, influenced, impressed) one .. coffee. (goods, merchandise, commodity, ware) 2B) Collocate the expressions with words from the given list. feacetameren behooked rele 1. to disclose a secret, 2. to. to.a magazine, 3.10 ..... the rules, 4. to Someone's authority, 6. to “sow Your loyalty to somecne, B10 cnnnnmnnnnnins @ PIO OF NEWS, 7,10 snsnrnrninnennnne Sympathy to someone, 8 to on gambling, 9. to through an exam, 10. to «= 8 group of people. 29) Fi in the toiowing coltocational gras. y. | 17Practice Test One PAPER 3 USE OF ENGLISH ‘Time: 2 hours 1. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage. Use onlyone word in each space. Although many people who have sleeping (1) , either chronic (2) occasional, automatically reach for the sleeping tablets when they see a difficult night (3) eon of them, there se eb fen calld Soll remeeegtschncaot () heaper but also much safer in the Tong (5) svinrnnnen « Most people have tried (6) .. sv & hot drink such as milk or onc of a ‘number of herbal infusions before going to bed, (7). there are other, lesswell-known ®) . which can help you on your way toa restful night's sleep. One unusual but (9) technique involves, not warmth as you might (10) . _ but cold, Before going to bed, run very ‘cold water for several minutes over your forearms and legs from the knee (11) s then dry yourself quickly and hop into bed. You will find yourself feeling totally relaxed and drowsy. Another ‘unusual (12) has todowith eatingor, tobemore (13) chewing, Take alarge apple, wash it and eat it slowly, taking particular (14) ...0.0»» t0 chew the peel thoroughly. Chewing is not only relaxing in (15) ‘but the peel of the apple (16) .. ‘a natural substance which (17 relaxation. Meditation, stretching, walking and even (18).. sheepare also effective methods for many people. Clearly, there are many ways to (19) the pill popping route and still (20) 1 good night's sleep. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it meansexeetly the same as the senience printed before it. Example: Her parents believe nothing she tells them, Answer: Whatevershe tells themn, her parents don't believe her. a. Although John studied harder than anyone, he faited the exam. inspite. b. What a pleasure to see you here! How. c. Itwas only when I got home that I realised I had forgotten my keys. Notuntil.. a 4. There has been a large increase in unemployment this year. Unemployment —— €. This matter is no concern of yours. This matter does not. 4. Applications are accepted until June 3rd, The final date. g, The only reason I am late is that the traffic was so heavy. Haditnot.. bh. Toertainly don’t mean to do it before tomorrow. Thave 8— practice Test One — Fill each of the blanks with a suitable word or phrase. Example; It'sno uscerying over spilt milk. 1.Your manners are terrible. You really ..-nnnnwinenrnnsninersennenes AbOUt them. That one .. Marilyn Monroe you saw yesterday. She’s been dead for years. 3.1 didn’t answer the phone ae . itwould be a wrong number. 4,Don't you realise things cost these days? You can’t buy a car for £100! Sosa «good saying that now - it's too late. 6. guilty, the murderer denied everything, 4. For each of the sentences below write a new sentenceas similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence, but using the word given. This word mustnot be altered in any way. Example: Were they allowed to go? PERMISS(ON Answer: Were they given permission to go? 1, My boss says I can use his yacht whenever } want to. DISPOSAL, 2. The news was a shock to us. 3. James realised that he could never be an architect. 4, They chose not to drive because they thought there would be too much snow. 5. I'msick of that programme; I've watched it too often. 6. I never have enough time. SHORT 8. The criminal got away through the back window. 5. Read the following passage, then answer the questions which follow it. Cheiro’s contribution to palmistry was to bring the art to the attention of the multitudesin the best possible light. He neither innovated, as the Fowlers did in the field of phrenology, nor systematized, as Lavater did in physiognomy. He was a brilliant publicist who stuck close to methods that had been around for millennia. According 10 Cheiro and palmist tradition, the let hand ofa right-handed person revealsinborn 5 suatute; the rightshows iow the nature hes been applied Lo the eitcutustances of tne person'slife, The reverse would be true for a left-handed individual. A rounded hand with tapering fingers - such as, those of Sarah Bernhardt, for example, "must necessarily be used in some artistic emotional career,” as Cheito wrote of the actress. A blunted, square-shaped hand indicates a person possessing mote practical or scientific talents. uy Palmists examine the shape of the fingers and the fingernails, the prominence of the joints, the relative size ofthe fingersand palm, and the size and shape of the hand’s mounts the fleshy cushions 19—— Practice Test One — at the heel of the hand end at the base of the thumb and fingers. And, especially, palmists consider the length, definition and prominence of the lines thatcriss-cross the hand in predictable patterns but with individual variations of detail. Of these, the major and best known are the lifeline, which circles 15 the base of the thumb, the head and heart lines, which traverse the upper half of the palm, and the fate line, which Some pal that theirart cannot be reduced to memorizing the placement and meaning of various lines, What the palmistis really doing, they maintain, is setting up a subliminal, telepathic contact that permits the plumbing of the subject's inner nature, worries and potential. This mental 20 contact requires conscious concentration on the part of both reader and subject and itis enhanced by physical contact, Some critics feel however, that a palm reader's talent does not lic in any sort of piychie gift or interpretation of the lines of the hand, but in the ability to respond almost intuitively to non-verbal clues supplied unwittingly by the subject. 1. Explain the use of the phrase "in the best possible light". (lines 1 - 2) 2. In what way was Cheiro’s contribution different to that of the Fowlers and Lavater? 3. What differences are exhibited by the left and right hand 4, How did the shape of Sarah Bernhardt’s hand apparently relate to her career? 5. Rephrase "the fleshy cushions at the heel of the hand”, (lines 12 - 13) 6. What aspects of the lines do palmists examine? 7. Where exactly are the head and heart lines? tarnative view of the nature of palm reading dla some. palmists hold? 8 Whai 9. Replace’maintain’ (line 19) with a suitable word, lumbing”, as used in this context. (Hine 20) 10. Explain in your own word(s) 11, In what way do critics feel that the sitter may help the palmist? 12. Give one or two examples of “non verbal clues” (line 24) which the subject may supply. ‘Summarise in a paragraph of 80-100 words how palmists use the hand to make their interpretations. 20\\ can - could - may - might - must - ought to - will - would ‘The modal verbs are: /) shall - should - have to - need - dare - used to | Presenta Modal Verbs @® Functions of Modal Verbs Abllity/Inability Lean sce smoke in the distance. She can't speak Germen. When! was at school, ! could play alot. (repeated action) Ho was able fo escape through 2 window. (single action) ‘She wasn't able to/couldn't ‘st the sendwich. (Both types can be used in the negative for elther a repeated or a single action.) Obligation / Duty ‘She must poy the rent by Frio. (strong obiigation or duty) TThave to speck tothe boss. (obligation | necessity) He had to have an Xray. Absence of Obligation or Necessity You needn't worry - everything's under control. | don't have fo leave unti! 3 p.m. You needn't have waited for ‘me. (But you weited) ‘They didn’t need to make any ‘more food. (And they cin’) Advice You should take @ holiday. You ought to try hardor. You ought not to complain so much, Possibility/Impossibility You can have @ pioce of cake it you went one. We could ask someone for help. He may bo lucky this time. ‘She might come with us. (But I don't think so.) You can't rely on Bntish weather. 1s she likely to come? Isit likely thet she'll come? Necessity Ineed to improve my French. The house needs cleaning. He has to meke up his mind soon. ‘Must } go with you? Do /have to finish this now? ‘Need he sign the form? Logical Assumption (affirmative) ‘ie must be nervous about ie fest. You must be feeling very sad. ‘She must have left by now. He must have been lying ai along Criticism We should have made sure that the tickets wore valid. (but wo dint) He ought to have cooked dinner. (but he didn’) Permission/Concession Can | ask you 2 question? Could you give me some advice? May I mako a suggestion? Might I borrow your newspaper? (formal) You can sit here it you'd like to. You may take the last sweet. Prohibition You mustn't eatin this room. You are not to eatin this: room. (= i's egainst the rules) You can't join the tennis club. (= you aren't allowed to join the tennis club) Logical Assumption (negative) Mtoan't be yours-I'm sure it isn't She can't be enjoying her- ‘set; she fooks so bored. He cen't have broken the window. You can'thave been listening propoty. Requests, Offers, Suggestions Can you hurry up, please? Would you pass me the salt? PM give you a lit ‘Shall J make thetes? ‘She should go to the dentist's. Imight as well watch T.V. a