ARBORI 1 Tabelul 3.

1
Criterii de clasificare
Dupa forma axei geometrice
Dupa variatia sectiunii
Dupa forma sectiunii
Categorii
Arbori si osii cu axa dreapta
Arbori si osii cu axa curba
Arbori si osii cu axa frânta (arbori cotiti)
Arbori si osii de sectiune constanta
Arbori si osii de sectiune variabila (cazul cel mai frecvent)
Arbori si osii cu sectiune circulara plina
Arbori si osii cu sectiune inelara

b
Osie

Lagar Roti pentru Lagar

rulare
F F a
Figura 3.3
Ft1
F a l a F
d
Fr1
Mi

D1

D2
A B
F⋅a
Figura 3.1 1
2
Roata dintata Osie

Fr2
Fa2
Ft2

Lagar Lagar Mt

F VA Fr1 VB

F F D2
l l M = Fa 2 ⋅
2 2 2
2 2 M iV

Mi
Ft1 Ft2
F⋅ l HA HB
4
Figura 3.2 M iH

Figura 3.4
F l
⋅
σ= 2 2 ≤σ (3.1)
ai
π ⋅d 3
32
π ⋅d3 F π ⋅ d 3x F
⋅ ⋅l = ⋅ ⋅x (3.2)
32 2 32 2
l
dx = d⋅ 3 (3.3)
x
D D
M t = Ft1 ⋅ 1 ; M t = Ft 2 ⋅ 2
2 2
(3.4)
P
M t = 9,55 ⋅10 6 ⋅
n
 2
16 ⋅ M t
d ≥3 (3.5)
π ⋅ τ at

32 ⋅ M t ⋅ l 1 1
d≥4 , θ a =  ...  o m pentru arbori obisnuiti si θ a = 5 ' m pentru arbori de masini-unelte. (3.6)
π ⋅ G ⋅ θa 4 2

Mech = Mi2tot + (α ⋅ M t )2 ; Mi tot = Mi2V + M i H 2 (3.7) F

σai III Ciclul încovoierii
α= (3.8)
σai I, II Ciclul torsiunii
32 ⋅ M ech
σ ech = ≤ σ ai III (3.9) Figura 3.5
π ⋅ d3
32 ⋅ M i max (total)
σ V = σ i max = ; σm = 0 (3.10)
π ⋅ d3
τ max 16 ⋅ M t
τV = τm = ; τ max = (3.11)
2 π ⋅d3
σ −1 1
cσ = ; cτ =
β Kσ β Kτ τ V τ m (3.12)
⋅ σV ⋅ +
εσ ⋅ γ ε τ ⋅ γ τ −1 τ c
cσ ⋅ cτ
c= ≥ ca (1,5 ... 2,5) (3.13)
c 2σ + c 2τ

60°

3.6.a 3.6.b 3.6.c 3.6.d

3.6.e 3.6.f 3.6.g 3.6.h 3.6.i

σs max

Figura 3.7 Figura 3.8 Figura 3.9 Figura 3.10

A B ∂T
T+ ⋅ dx
l1 l2 l3 T A B ∂x
M &y&
M t3 ∂M
M t2 dx M+ ⋅ dx
∂x
M t1 Figura 3.12

Figura 3.11
1 M ⋅l M ⋅l 
θ = ⋅  t 1 1 + t 2 2 + L (3.14)
G  I p1 Ip2 

∂T
⋅ dx + Fi = 0 (3.15)
∂x
∂ M (x ) ∂2y
T= ; Fi = − A ⋅ dx ⋅ ρ ⋅ 2 (3.16)
∂x ∂t
∂ 2 M (x ) ∂2y
= ρ⋅ A ⋅ 2 (3.17)
∂x 2
∂t
∂2y M( x )
=− (3.18)
∂x 2 E ⋅ I zz
 3
∂ y 2
M(x ) = − E ⋅ I zz ⋅ (3.19)
∂x 2
∂2  ∂ 2y  ∂2 y
− 2 ⋅  E ⋅ I zz ⋅ 2  = ρ ⋅ A ⋅ 2 (3.20)
∂x  ∂x  ∂t
d4X
= k4 ⋅ X (3.21)
dx 4
ρ ⋅A
k4 = ⋅ ω 2n ,cu solutia: X = A ⋅ [cos(k ⋅ x ) + ch (k ⋅ x )] + B ⋅ [cos(k ⋅ x ) − ch (k ⋅ x )] + C ⋅ [sin(k ⋅ x ) + sh (k ⋅ x )] + D ⋅ [sin(k ⋅ x ) − sh(k ⋅ x )] (3.22)
E ⋅ I zz
E ⋅ I zz
ωn = k 2 ⋅ (3.23)
ρ⋅ A

f din
REZONANTA
e

l
2 CM m d
1
ω ωcr
fdin e
l 0 1 ω
2 ρ
arbori arbori Figura 3.15 Figura 3.16
elastici rigizi
Figura 3.13 Figura 3.14

Fcf = m ⋅ ω 2 ⋅ ρ = m ⋅ ω 2 ⋅ (f din + e ) (3.24)

48 ⋅ E ⋅ I
Fel = c ⋅ f din ; c= (3.25)
l3
m ⋅ ω2 ⋅ e
f din = (3.26)
c − m ⋅ ω2
c
ω cr = (3.27)
m
30 g
n cr = ⋅ (3.28)
π fstatic

Tabelul 3.2
Concentratorul
Reprezentarea grafica β kσ β kτ
de tensiuni

Caneluri
1,4 3
triunghiulare

Caneluri
1,3 1,5 … 2,7
dreptunghiulare

1,7
Canal pentru (freza disc)
1,9
pana paralela 2,5
(freza deget)
 4

Strângerea cu
1,8 1,2
pene inelare

Butuc
1,7 … 2 1,5
presat

g
Gaura

d
1,7 2,5
transversala
g/d ≅ 0,1
50°
Crestatura
2,5 −
inelara

Canal
2,2 1,8
inelar