4 Unless Unless means if not and is used with the present tense to talk about the future (in the same way as if). Unless can usually be replaced by if not: We're going unless ihe weather gets much worse. (= if the weather doesn’t get much worse) We won't have time to reach the top of the mouniain unless we set out early. (€ if we don’t set out early) Unless you drive more slowly, IMl be sick, (= if you don’t drive more slowly) 2 In case Incase shows an action is taken because of something else that might happen. We use in case with the present tense to talk about something which might happen in the future: ‘Take a whistle in case you get separated. (= there's a chance you might get separated and a whistle will help us find you) Take my phone number in case you miss the bus. (= Lexpect you'll get the bus, but if you miss it, you'll need to phone me) We use in case with the past simple to explain an action: He took his surfboard in case they went to the beach, € he took his surfboard because he thought they might go to the beach) Incase can also be followed by the present perfect: Tilbuy some extra food in case the visitors have already arrived. A\ In case does not mean the same as if. Compai Til cook a meal in case Sarah comes over tonight ‘because Sarah might visit me later) Pit cook a meal if Sarah comes over tonight. (= I won't cook a meal now because Sarah might not visit me) (= Tl cook a meal now 3 Provided / providing that and as/so long as These expressions are used with a present tense to talk about the future, ‘They have a similar meaning to if Aslong as we all stay together, welll have a great rime. Provided that it doesn’t snow too heavily, [il see you here at six o'clock. A If, unless, in case, provided /providing that and as/so long as are all followed by the present tense to talk about the future. Some adverbs (when, until, after, before, as soon as) are also followed by the present tense to talk about the future (> see Unit 6).4 I wish and if only T wish means the same as if only. If only is less common and is usually stronger. Wish / if only + the past simple is used when we express a wish: abouta present situation: Twish you loved me. (= but you don't love me) I wish I had lots of money. (= but I haven't got lots of money) If only he could drive. (= but he can’t drive) A Notice that we use the past tense, although we are talking about now. We can use were instead of was after I and he/she/ I wish I was /were clever like you. (= but I'm not clever) Liwish the weather wasn't / weren't so wet here. (= but it is wet) Wish /ifonly + the past perfect is used when we express a wish or regret: + about the past. I’s like the third conditional - the event can’t be changed: She wishes she'd (had) never met him. (= but she did meet him) T wish wo'd (had) come a few weeks ago. (~ but we didn't come) If only I hadn't broken his heart. (= but I did break his heart) Wish / if only + would is used when we express a wish: ¢ for something to happen: Twish the train would arrive. If only the rain would stop. # for someone to do something (often when we are annoyed): Twish you wouldn't leave your bag in the doorway. I wish the waiter would hurry up. A Notice the difference between I hope + will and I wish + would when talking about the future: Thope he will phone. (- there's a good chance he will phone) Twish he would phone. (= it’s unlikely he will phone) 6 It’s time and I'd rather ‘These expressions are followed by the past tense with a present meaning: It’s time we ate dinner now. I'd rather you didn’t bring large cameras. 6 Otherwise and or else ‘These words mean ‘because if not’ and they always go in the middle of a sentence. We use them when we feel sure about something: Thave to go to bed early, otherwise I get too tired. (= if I don't go to bed early, 1 get too tired) Carry that tray with both hands or else you'l drop it. with both hands, you'll drop it) = if you don't carry itConditionals 2 C /Grammar exer [EB Rewrite these sentences using unless instead of if not. 1. Sam will pass his driving test if he doesn’t drive too fast. Samui pags his drivng test, unless he jo0,f 2 They'll be here soon if their plane isn’t delayed. 3 If you're not ina hurry, you could take the bus. 5 If the factory doesn’t increase its production, it will close down. 6 Ifyou don’t write your address down for me, I'll forget it. 7 I won't stay in that hotel if it hasn’t got a good restaurant. 8 If Idon't hear from you, I'l meet you at six. By Finlin the gaps with in case or if. 1. Elaine will post the letters ... _ she goes out. 2 Pil go for a swim ... . I finish college early. 3 Tilteach you to windswrf..... you teach me to play golf. 4 Lalways leave the answerphone on when I go out... I miss an important phone call 5 Tl take Tim’s address with me - [ have time to visit him while I’m in London. 6 Our team will win the match srsunnm our goalkeeper plays like he did last week. 7 It’sa good idea to have two address books .... you lose one of them. 8 T'll leave these videos here .......... you have time to watch them.[El chloe is on holiday in a foreign city. She was so busy admiring the sights that she has got lost. What does she wish? Write sentences with wish. 1 Thaven't got a map. 6 Ym hor and thirsty.[ED Read this email. Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verhs in the box. You need to make some of the verbs negative. be be behave bring can finish have. learn know 2 [JOE — = fons (ROBT Td Seen [earner Hi Joe I’m having a birthday party on Saturday in my uncle's flat. 1 wish r_._had_ (I)a bigger flat but 1 haven’t. Anyway, my uncle has offered me his flat 60 Tong as there nnn (2)mo more than thirty people and provided that the party... (3) by midnight. So please come and bring a friend, but 1/4 Rather YOU enon (4) Matthew with you because he alwaye causes trouble. T wigh Re ein (5) tO behave better. I had to work hard to persuade ny uncle and unless everyone . (6) wel, he won’t let me do it again. 2'11 send you a map in case YOU san (7) the strect whore my uncle lives. If you... (@) find 4t, just ring me on my mobile. So I’11 see you on Saturday unless my uncle i ..(Q)his mind! By the way, hes Sally changed her phone number? I can’t get hold of her. I wish 1 conven (10) Fuge to her last week, as she’s not speaking to me now. Byo for now. Robin