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Ae5 C)D R?2E R?2 F  9 J9 /4 5 /?% ،05 R ID‫א‬Y,

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،=* =" n0=BX =[)Y ،=5 =" /=5 U # =qB) /b=9 /=?‫ א‬R% /4\ -
=[)Y ،=5 =" /=5 U # =qB) /b=9 /=?‫ א‬R=% =4\ - U /5 O5 ”, ‰
U +=K~ “=2 )~ “A=[)Y )#‫=& )א‬p I=$d =W"” “A/=L ‫א‬#=' Ž=p‰ " n0BX
(3-4 :) m, 4 /K‫א‬7e5
=54 „ =]?% .=L R=?2 F =E =5 ،=L R=?2 F ^=$4 =b ? = =$"
“A? = 5 ==Dz R==, 5 G /==" /==4\ ==W‫ )א‬/==pŒ /==W# (#!==,z /==?‫ א‬é==2
(134 : “A ] " /2. 2 ” -JE % ?-‫א‬J' 6)
U =[)Y U j# =’BX =5 ã=9 =[ n5 ¶5‫   ?! א‬B‫ א‬, U ‫ כ‬b”
-` = V5 F = 9) “A/==4\ ‫א‬0==Byg ==K‫== '?א‬1b ==" &0==#Y U K = ‫א‬Y ==[ Ž==Bƒ
(134:-ŽBY‫ א‬U Ppƒ ` #?M éd ]2‫א‬
63 
     

%0=, R,  £‫ א‬B ; BY9 ‫א‬, † ‫ א‬5 R5 % R?2 F R?2 F ?  ‫^א‬$4
A/==4\ ‫א‬0==5 # =% ‫א‬#0==, †== ‫= א‬E A/==4\ ‫א‬0==Byg ==5 ; =[)Y ‫==א‬, †== ‫ א‬R=%
/=4 A=4 ? = )#‫ )א‬j=5 n=% U )=F ،)0]=9 )#‫ )א‬h=[# ` V5 ` Pd Ž]
‫ א‬A=4 =)‫& "= א‬,  5 z\ " 0!S ]?' ‫א‬#0, e2 %‫א‬t ]?' [
R=4‫א‬n)‫ "= א‬/=?ƒ :=z U =4 )04# #‫א‬Yz ،© V
 K ?V‫ א‬I.) 4 4 5
=qE =" ™=. 2 =W, R=% =e4 =z N[ A4 )04# )05 iD5 " hq,  [
+= d =
Vƒ =BX) K =$-‫א א‬X =? =? =" /=?  =9 s=ƒ  VP5 ' qE
N=[ A=4\ =‹, =L =%\ U # =%  p, =S )0=,)Y N =9 L Vx' $' ،B5
=K =5 += d ÞV=ƒ G  VP=5 ' =–)‫ א‬sƒ  VP5 ' i' ) N' R% e4 z
=V5 R=% =e4 =z 6=9 ª=9 &e9 " sƒ  VP5 ' N[ A?W9 7
I==.) ‫ א‬R==% ==e4 ==z N==[ A==4\ >==4  = 5 ==" /?==5 U ==4\ ==75 ،==4\
9 == A==4 ==oB)~ l0==' # = b ( = K 5 "==ƒ +==5 G l = W, =="  VP==5 '
14 = (# !=‫ א‬/Pd 0
 l" ] #“ 5 ،#P" -#‫א‬5 “4) oB)~
o=B)~ ‫ כ‬4“=K‫ א‬36 = .(R4 =D /Pd  l" ] ،#8 -#‫א‬5 “4) oB)~
39 == U (0==]2‫א‬0 ==* . l==" ==] #“== 5 ،R?W==9 /== -#‫==א‬5 “==4)
/=?‫ א‬A( =z Od# OB‫ א‬l" ] #“ 5 ،#'“ b -#‫א‬5 “4) oB)~ ‫ כ‬4“K‫א‬
u\ A=4 =‹B) =B?Œ =oB)~ l0' - "  V904 #‫א‬6b [ /oB)~
ˆ=w =E A=4 =V =" O=$d =oB)~  V=904 =E /=e5 " u '
R===% ==e4 ===z ==[ Ž===] A?W==9 ===7 ==\ ==="ƒ ƒ ==5 @===B6)  VP==5 '
=4 G  VP5 ' –)‫ א‬9 $"   /8]B# 2 W, /4# B " sƒ  VP5 '
، d2‫ * & א‬،/B02‫ א‬/‡ ،/P
2‫ א‬Y‡P ،+p]2‫* א‬#) #“ 5 ‫א‬X) ‫א‬k " /%
#‫א‬o=4 45 A =e4 =V =" O=$d u0=9 ( =E U ˆM= 0=2 z ،î‫ = א‬،#‫א‬0= )o=
v=w +=$ #‫א‬o=4 70 I=.) ‫ א‬I=B# ^=4‫ א‬A=e4 $b L 1 , N2' 2 W,
، =e4 =‹, # =%  hK‫א‬# = j= % hp # D‫ א‬u09 0,# 74 2 W, RVƒ B I,%
†== ‫& "== א‬Y‫== \;א‬F‫ [=  א‬I==.) A==4\ ==' J=='  =£‫! א‬R==  =£‫== ”א‬b Ž==] =='
=5 ‫ א‬A)0L /5 R4 %  Y  " &,  5 " 0?")0" " &Y‫ \;א‬j5
h5^=5 ?. "ƒ  7 ™. 2 W, U /K X hL # VƒŒ [ j '  9 &D z
# 5=9 †= ‫= א‬4‫ א‬A/K =5 R= †= ‫ "= א‬iBY†W=, vw # 59 ' /K X
=" s=ƒ  VP5 ' ' /?BX RE  [ hL C)D /MB'\ "ƒ  VP5 ' vw
64 
     

/==„‫ א‬،c =[ () =, =" /V==9Y 0==,# 74 /==E U N2==' ،/8==]B# 2 =W, ==–)‫א‬
=')  =d2‫ =“ ]= *= & א‬5 ‫“ א‬$=9 2 =W, =" …=]B# 2 W, –)‫א‬
R= ]" 0=D# +=5 …=82 #“ 5  VP5 ' ]?' ( d2‫ * & א‬#0
:=4 =5 G /=2 /=4 c =[ h„)  5 " …]B# 2 W, ،5 +V. [
a=q‫ א‬#“= 5 =*# =" s=ƒ =" &Y‫ "= \;א‬iBY†W=, & =* =] K\”
A =B5 L † ‫& " א‬Y‫ " \;א‬iBY†W, ‫א‬# '  d2‫¦ ]Ž א‬D Ž" /4
(495 : “‫
א‬, "  VP5 ' –)‫ ` ”א‬V5 ،/V l 5 l" …82)
Ž=] u)# Y =
%‫  "= א‬V=904 U  V=904 Y
%‫  " א‬d2‫]Ž א‬
="  VP=5 ' =–)‫ א‬A =e4 #V. =w U # =D4 ،+=, . @=B6) ={?Œ ={?Œ  [  d2‫א‬
)===V" /K ===% >==4 ===„)  ===[ ==
B
ý l===" )y===2 )#‫==  )א‬9‫ א‬I===.) ===" &K‫א‬0=="
،J= Œ ‫א‬#0=‫ א‬O ‫=א‬B;) =‡B )y=2 )#‫  )א‬V=904 ،4  z '\ IP2‫ א‬،pD"
/R=?2 F =¨~ ،© =V
 U #‫א‬Y=z ،‫א‬J=L =E U ‫א‬n)#‫ א‬l=" …=82 ، =D @=  l"
0=, L# /=4 A =e4 ? = n0K ª2 ` Pd " &K ' &K ' /K % n% U n05 O5
‫א‬#0==‫ א‬O== ‫== א‬B;) O==5 @==B6)  =[ H==9 Ay==g R== P==5 ==" &K =' G # =% U
^=?" =F‫ "= א‬/=b =5 )0=4 ‡ =W"  =9 u)# =9 ' ^$4 /?" 5
=" /=$p /=E U §#=B U =$B\ =9 ' =eE A By=g 5 0, ‫)א;א‬#Y " Ipz‫א‬0
=5 R=4‫ )א‬, U p5‫ א [ א‬5 ˆ†z  VP5 ' [ Y  9 5 ‫א‬#)Y
AByg
u0==9 = ý =
B ==] ==" I==.) ‫ א‬U ==4 +==5 G C1947 = D @==  l=="
==–)‫ ”א‬R=% =b N=[ &J= Œ ‫א‬#0=‫ א‬O ‫=א‬B;) /4y=" G C1971 +=B'‫ א‬A=4 I=
% 
=e4 R=% /e =– ="” R=% /K =X `‫ "=א‬R=% “=L # =%  j=5 =pd =%  VP5 '
 ?W=9 # =BX /=SB =" IP=$D )^$=9 þ9 " þ9 [% K\ U  L C)D
# =BX /=SB =" ÞV=ƒ )^$9 þ9 " þ9 ' R% /B0BX I.) [  " ' AL
(/B02‫ א‬/V l"-35 :) “AL  ?W9
/=4 “A="?Œ /SB " ÞVƒ [  * " /?% $"” :Nb ‫א‬#0‫א‬
U ™ = 9\ ، = 2 Œ  ،l = W, ==, #==w l = ¶ A==e5 # = % 6= 9 ª==9 &e==9
“=4 #=5 =e @4 A/K B 9# @5 [ /"ƒ 0, b# G /, ¸#cB%
 V==904  =  ==SK† R==?2)‫ א)–== א‬U  = % 0d==9 ==b A/K =5 OK = . -#‫==א‬5
l =W, R?2)‫ א‬oB)~ l0' 4   Y ,\ R?2\ G …PŒ\ A/K %#) K‫ Œ?א‬N'‫ƒ" )א‬
65 
     

=z\ =" =pd =[ #‫=א‬, R?W=9 #0=4 l=" =] G 8c=9 A/K p5
 VP=5 ' –)‫ [ א‬oB)~ B^b l % C1971 ,85\ -12 A/K 5 # " O$d
==[ o==B)~ n = ?'  =  Z== A/K = 5 0==, b#== ==?]B) ==" 0d==9 =="
o=B)~ 57 +=5 =%– ; =% G #=' =9 K =, o=B)~ l0=' G &=q‫א‬# K‫Œ?א‬
y=Œ  =9 oB)~  V904 /- +‹, 5 )?Œ eF‫  [ א‬VP5 ' –)‫[ א‬
 =% &$=9 A/K B =9# /K =% oB)~ /V9 m‫ " א‬sƒ  V904 # %  pd
K = B#Y  j==5 # = ' ==[ /4 = B#Y U u#==ƒ 8' = $p4  = z  h{==[ =="ƒ
:=" …=2 ' =5 ~ l="  V904 lS, A/K B‫א‬5 # % u#ƒ …ƒ‫א‬5 #)4
‫“ א‬A =B) =L # =% #5 - " /"ƒ  /MB'\ iBY†W, /K % z\ " ”
==L ™Œ==9 G ‫א‬0== R==, s==ƒ †B#==Œ 4 = , ==V$ 2 = W, #‫א‬o==4 80 ‫א‬P== [
=') ˆM 02 z ،(#0 l")  d2‫ * & א‬G #“ 5 " /?" ،e4 $b
/=" ، =e4 + =D #“= 5 ‫ "?=^א‬î‫ = א‬U SB0= #Y =. WK =- ،(ˆ 8=9‫ א‬ab
=D @=  l=" Y=z A=L #?M= U 9# [ 0? X) p4 VF‫א א‬V5  
IB)=9 =£) =K\ U K X P' Ap [  9 B?Œ $" ” :b
" C1971 ,85\ 21 U 20 > “ANB\ „) ; ?" K‫א‬4 U $e-   /B
I==]ª" l==" …==82 #“== 5 =="  =5 ==–)‫ '?]== א‬/==4 (‫א‬# #‫)< )א‬
l=" …=82 @=4 =4 #“= 5 #5 ?- ]?' (Y . " ‫א‬n)#‫ א‬R?W9
U (#=5 = =?8-) /' =L +=B‫ א‬O=B‫ א‬l=" …=82 A(#=5 = =E) VK‫א‬#
=pd ™ = =%  VP=5 ' =–)‫( [ א‬#5 Lb) R?W9 IŒ 9 l" …82
O=5  =9 #0‫ א‬/? /E ŸSƒ ‡B /K % C1971 9~ 16 /" AX O$d "
AByg 5 OK . iBY†W, U Byg 4
R=% =L =eL 4 =‘ ˆ =  = h4^=' /, =V5 =" 4 = "ƒ "  VP5 '
N=)6 =¨~ =– /=5nY 2 W,  V L ?W9 L” Ae4 y[ ‫ "א‬F# %‫ א‬/4
==%‫ א‬R==% ==e4 @==' /==[ 0==9X ==[ /V2 =d /e==4 . =, “A/==?") ==· j\ ==b‫ א‬G
==" I==.) A==L ‫א‬0==' ==7 ==K l‫==א‬9 ==" h==[# OK =. ==. ==]?' ==5 ==K‫^א‬2
R==, 5 ==" =Y ==[ ‫ א‬A==4 =={?„ u)‫ א‬iBY†W==, G l
%#== 2 = U  =$
A?W9 7 5)# I. w
=· † ‫ א‬p 
Bý l" aq‫ א‬#“ 5 " I.) ‫  " א‬VP5 '
 =9‫ '= א‬F# 4‫ א‬A4 /$  h[# G . &#); [  VP5 ' –)‫ א‬R% 4\
66 
     

="  =9‫ א‬G  VP=5 ' =–)‫ א‬R=% =]5 R?2 F ˆ  /4y$" A4 {£)  74 "
/=" 4 50, +‹B) % …' n0?W9 R ‫א‬X‫ א‬h¨  ( V904) /DY "ƒ
#!==% ==W" +==L ==ew =="  = 9‫ א‬A==L ?W==9 # =  I==.) R==, /?==5 ==4 ==[
&Y =,\  =$ R=4^B) " hK q, ( [ pd  V904) [  VP5 ' –)‫"Ž א‬
 V=904 R=% =4 O=5 =" /=4 =‡B) A=e4 =5 =K =[ (/2 =W, Yz ‡B)
=" s=ƒ  V=904 s=ƒ "  VP5 ' R?2)‫ א‬/P" /5)# /K VP% [ sƒ
 =9 s==ƒ  VP==5 ' J==9 /e==9 Y =,\  =$ =4‫=  א‬4 A(y==g ==„) IM==d
="  =9‫= א‬% t
 #‫  )א‬VP5 ' –)‫ א‬G /V2 d ^4‫ א‬Ae4 ‹, B $-‫) א‬X ?
=="  ==9‫ א‬R==, (l==" #?M== à==" )^==?") /2==c ==5 A==e4 R== 5 R==4‫== )א‬5
: “Ah8=- ="  VP5 '”  , "  z  ý
B) “A?W9 7 K q, [ l
%#
(78
R= , 5 +==5 ==%‫  א‬h==[# >==4 ==. ( VP==5 ') ==[  VP==5 ' ==–)‫”א‬
/=DY =5 =pd  =  VP=5 ' =,) A?W=9 L L R `  5 K‫)א‬## 5
=" &=K‫^א‬2 ‫( א‬A=4 /=$ h=[# G =. [  VP5 ' –)‫ )"? ' א‬Õ EY %
(79:: , F 9) “A4 R5 $ E  [ /?% V$ $" ]V
/=D /=- =K‫^א‬2 ‫= ؟‬g =e4 =L =Bb ‫= ؟‬4n) =g =' 4 R% eL ‫א‬0' L l‫א‬9
 VP=5 ' R=?2)‫( א‬2) 0=p[ =Y R% b‫ א‬ – " h4n) , (1) AK 5 5 "
=5 ‫ א‬A‫א‬0=4# =?, ={[ =‹2 =4‫ א‬U )0=L `‫=א‬z  =Y =" /, /E "
R=?2)‫( א‬3) "# =’BX =9^ =]?' =[ =Y —‫ [=  א‬j=$ i=' N'   l W,
)0=5 n=Œ =$"  9  9‫ א‬R% "# ?B) IM4Y % /, ¥‫א‬#  "  VP5 '
h?W=9 =L +=S 2=9 =" ï=9 " iBY†W, (4) .9‫א‬05 ‫?^א‬4 l d " /?%
=" /=K‫= א‬eL R=$p, ،=„) R= 2 = =" &Y‫ "?=^ \;א‬iBY†W=, =eBX =$b "
 = =" /?2 =F n0=) ^=?" “&Y‫ ” \;א‬U “=c"\ ” ،“0=?")0"” ،“I=9 9” ،“™=.”
 = 4‫ " א‬/£) B‫א‬5 ?. U Y‫א‬0, ‫^א‬4‫  א‬9 /.  74 jn0{[   /?‫ א‬K {[
=„) ={­# =[ /? = ،=9X (=%5 =?. =" /? = n0={[  = ‫=^א‬4‫ א‬U JE
A/\ R %  ,;   4‫ א‬R, ]p– 4 U /£)

67 
     

`†S‫ א‬#_" ‫ א‬.

P=5#  v†‰=‫=†` "= א‬S‫ א‬#=?" ‫ =א‬U `†S‫ א‬#?" .
R=5 ‫א‬0=' G  =; =" /2 n% G  ; " Np]B‫ א‬U N5#  G NK 9
O= m=" =E A/=4\ #‫א)א‬0=' " #)Y #‫†` [  ' )א‬S‫ א‬9)# 4‫ א‬A e4 L
>=4 &‫=א‬F‫ " א‬/-# ' …P5 G MB‫ א‬n% §#B @p $" '  [
‫ "? =^)כ‬A==4 ==B) By==9 ==VB#?" ‫ ==א‬v==w # 5==9 ==[ /==% ، = L Y‫\;א‬
U = B#5 ==%‫ א‬،/==b ، =  2‫ א‬،==" ==–)‫ א‬،==W4 ، $B)p==9 ==$B; ،“==2'
U =4 =L R= ‫א‬0='  =£‫ א‬#!% R,5 2  IB#?" . I.) ‫ א‬A¸1) B# p,
I=B#?" ‫ =א‬U I=B#?" =. A=4 =L R +z‫א‬Y  £‫ א‬G &2E P5# 
/=% ،/4\ B) ‫א‬0\ ŽV5 " IB#?" (3) U ‫( א‬2) . (1) [‫ א‬- $" G
R= ="‫)א‬# ™ = ´=‡ =" /=?‫‡= א‬B ،4\ d†‰‫ ' א‬R 2 ´‡ V4 "
0=* ^=V,‫ "= א‬4 M='\ U I=B\ ،I4 =DY , ،é=2 I=B#?" A=4\ p  z '
U /4 =DY , #‫א‬0=V.‫ א‬G /?=" ،=SBw =4‫ " א‬I$d ‡B A4\ l0\ ŽV5 #w
´=‡ G ( )=D =" /=4 v=w =p A=]4 G |=4 " ™‫א א‬#0, 885~
==" ™‫== ==א‬%  = " ==" ‫== א‬5 OV==z ==[ ™ =  #‫א‬YŒ = " U #‫א‬0==; ==e4
I=2 x Ix=9 " #‫א‬YŒ " Sw #‫א‬0K 9 G ( )D Aj5 OK . I$d
OV==z ==[ #‫א‬YŒ =" I==.) ‫ א‬A==4 )0==L # ==D G ™‫== ==א‬4‫ א‬I==.) ‫ א‬A==4 )0==5
/?=" =5 ‫ א‬،=L _W=9 =5 =Sw #‫א‬0K =9 =4‫=Ÿ א‬Sƒ ‫א‬F‫ " א‬j5
OV=z =[ 4 M='\ U I4 =DY , #‫א)א‬0=' =" ‫ א‬U ™  #‫א‬YŒ " p9) `†S‫א‬
=%  =" =" ‫ א‬U ،=4 )0=B) By=9 0=?")0" #=?" =[ /?=% ،=4 )0=B) 5
=' ،=4 )0=B) By=9 I=B#?" =B I=$d =" ™‫ [= =א‬I=$d +5 OK .
OK =. G =]V =" ‫ א‬U ، =e4 ‫א‬05 #‫א‬0K 9 ‫א‬F‫ " א‬0?")0" /4 R% j 5 g
+==$2 ‫== א‬5 /?==% ،==4 )0==4 ™ == #‫א‬0K ==9 v==w ==p ™ == +==5
‫ א‬+=B†4 ˆ†=z #‫א‬YŒ =" Np]=B‫ א‬،N5# =  j=5  =, 2=[ =[ ISSd
0==?")0" #==?" #‫א‬0K ==9 ‫א‬#0==, jy==9 0==?")0" #==?" Ÿ==Sƒ ==[ 0==?")0"
‫א‬#0==, `†==S‫ ==א א‬U #==?" ==[ `†==S‫ א‬+==B\ G ==]V ==" ‫ א‬U By==9
U =%#) #); =Sw #)Yo= /4y=" =p4 VF‫ א‬A„5 `†S‫ א‬#?" #‫א‬0K 9
68 
     

==" #)Yo== ‫א‬#0==, #‫א‬0K ==9 )0==?")0" ==B#‫ )א‬j==5 OV==z ==[ #‫א‬YŒ ="
=[ 0=?")0" /=DY #‫א‬YŒ =" ^=4‫ א‬/4y=% ،=' =L /=$ h=p4 >4 &‫א‬F‫א‬
/==" ،==B) By==9 0==?")0" #==?" ‫א ==א‬#0==, 0= ?")0" #==?" #‫א‬0K ==9
==$B; ،“==2' ‫ "?==^)כ‬A==e4 Ž==2 1 #‫א‬YŒ = " ‫א‬#0==, #‫א‬0K ==9 G /==$p
+====B†4  ====ƒw ™‫א ===א‬#0====, #‫א‬0K ===9 G /====% ،¸===1) ====W4 ، 5‫)א‬p===9
0=‡, , = 5 =" /=?‫ א‬U =B) By=9 )0=?")0" #=?" ‫ [ א‬0?")0"
=4‫= א‬V4 A=B) By=9 =VB#?" ‫ [= =א‬/=% ،=L OK =. V$d $"
0=?")0" #=?" ‫=@ =א‬p =$" =" §#=B R=% 4\ ^?" j5 Z ¡2 F
…=_Œ —‫†` [=  א‬S‫ א‬9 ،B) By9 IB#?" ‫ [ א‬/" U L Y‫‡ \;א‬B#t
A e4 # VxYz ' e4 R ™†1 " @p E /?5 vw 9# …_Œ G
@==p ==¶5‫= "= א‬$B\ ==w ، =$Bƒ\ ، M==B‫ א‬/K =% —‫ א‬l =9 ¡==]5 =='
A =e4 R=, ™†=1 =" /=B#‫א‬6 4‫ ' א‬4 + g ™  #‫א‬YŒ " F# R G /" ، e4 ‫^א‬4‫א‬
=" /=B#‫א‬6 y=Œ  =9 ‫ '= א‬j=5 OV=z =[ #‫א‬YŒ =" F# R peP %‫ א‬I.) ‫א‬
=‡B =5 OK =. I=B#?" =F# R= =[ /=?‫ א‬A=4 R, " j5 OVz [ †1
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