PRACTICE PROBLEMS-2

1. Define the terms stress, strain, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rigidity, and bulk modulus.
2. Tensile and compressive stresses are called normal stresses. Why?
3. How is shear strain defined?
4. In each of the cases shown in Fig. 1, the steel and brass bars have the same length and cross-sectional
area. If the ratio of modulii of elasticity of steel to brass ≈ 2, state, without calculation, which material
will have a numerically larger stress in each case. What can you say about the strains?

Figure 1

5. If in a composite bar, the lengths are the same as shown in Fig. 3.79 and the ratio of modulii of elasticity
is 2 : 1, what should be the ratio of the cross-sectional areas so that the stresses in the material are
numerically the same.
6. Draw a typical stress-strain diagram for mild steel. Using the diagram, define proportional limit, elastic
limit, yield stress, ultimate stress, and breaking stress.
7. What is indicated by percentage elongation and percentage reduction in area?
8. Explain the offset method of determining the yield stress.
9. Define and explain the term proof stress.
10. Draw typical stress-strain diagrams for high tensile steel, concrete, timber, and aluminium.
11. Explain the properties elasticity, plasticity, ductility, and brittleness.
12. Define the term Poisson’s ratio. What is its maximum value?
13. State the relationship between E, G, and K.
14. Explain the phenomenon of fatigue and the use of this concept.
15. Explain the phenomenon of creep and the use of this concept.