1.

A furnace is fired with a coal with the following proximate analysis: 5% M, 60% FC,
25% VCM, and 10% ash. Its calorific value is 31.33 MJ/kg. Calculate the % VCM lost,
% C lost, and % CV lost in the residue if the residue analyzes:

a.) 25% FC, 4% VCM, 71% ash

b.) 14.4 % FC, 6% VCM, 79.6% ash
c.) 19.6% C, 80.4% ash

Given:

5% Moisture
60% Fixed Carbon
 25% FC, 4% VCM, 71% ash
25% VCM
 14.4 % FC, 6% VCM, 79.6%
10% Ash ash
 19.6% C, 80.4% ash

Solution:
A.
FC FC
(
VCM
)coal= (
VCM )
residue

60 25
=
25 4
2.11 ≠2.65 therefore, Case C: Coked and Uncoked
ASH BALANCE:
10 = 0.71R
R = 14.0845
 ( 0.04 ) (14.0845)
% VCM lost = x 100=2.2505 %
25

Using Calderwood Equation:

25 1.55
C=5.88+2.206 31.33 +0.0053(80−100
( )
60
) ( )
C = 76.5034
C total = C in VCM + FC
C in VCM = 76.5034 – 60
= 16. 5024
16.5024
% C ∈VCM= x 100=66.012
25
( 0.66012 )( 14.0845 ) +(0.25)(14.0845)
% C lost= x 100=5.1%
76.5034

FC in Residue = (0.25) (14.0845) = 0.5211

VCM in Residue = (0.04) (14.0845) = 0.56338
CV of Residue = (CV of C) (FC) residue + (CV of VCM) (VCM) residue
(CV coal ) ( 100 )−( CV of C ) ( FC ) coal
CV of VCM =
( VCM ) coal
( 31.33 )( 100 ) −( 33.8 )( 60 )
CV of VCM = =44.2
( 25 )

CV of Residue = (33.8) (0.5211) + (44.2) (0.56338) = 143.9146

143.9146
% CV lost= x 100=4.59 %
31.33 x 100

B.
FC FC
(
VCM
)coal= (
VCM )
residue

60 14.4
=
25 6
2.4 = 2.4 uncoked coal
ASH BALANCE:
10 = 0.796R
R = 12.563
( 0.06 ) (12.563)
% VCM lost = x 100=3.02%
25

% VCM lost = %C lost = % CV lost

%C lost = 3.02%
%CV lost = 3.02%
C.
ASH BALANCE:
10 = 0.8040R
R = 12.438
( 12.438 ) (0.196)
% C lost= x 100=3.10 %
6.50
( 03.8)( 0.196)(12.438)
% CV lost= x 100=2.63 %
31.33 x 100
2. A high volatile A bituminous coal analyzing 73.77% C, 5.23% H, 1.4% N, 8.1% ash, 3.9% M
And 1.5% S is burned in a furnace together with 45% excess air supplied saturated with water
vapor at 25oC and 1 atm. Analysis of the wetted residue shows 16% VCM, 23.55% FC, 32.48%
ash and 27.97% H2O. The stack gases leave at 300oC, 745 torrs with a CO to CO 2 ratio of 0.12.
Neglect N and S in the combustion calculation. Calculate:
a) %C and CV lost in the residue
b) Type of combustible in the Residue
c) Orsat analysis of stack gas
d) m3 SG/kg coal
e) % CV lost due to CO and Sensible heat

45% excess air supplied

saturated with water
vapor at 25oC and 1 atm

73.77% C
300oC, 745 torrs with a
5.23% H
CO to CO2 ratio of 0.12
1.4% N
3.9% M 16% VCM
8.1% Ash 23.55% FC
1.4% N 32.48% Ash
1.5% S 27.97% H2O

Basis: 100 kg coal

Using Dulong’s Formula

O
CV =0.338 C+ 1.44 H −( 8 )
+ 0.094 S

10
(
CV =0.338( 73.55)+1.44 5.23−
8)+0.094 (1.5)

CV = 30.81 MJ/kg mol

 O
net H = H − ( 8 )
10
net H = 5.23− ( 8 )
net H =3.98 kg mol

Using Calderwood Equation

VCM 1.55
C=5.88+2.206 ( CV −0.094 ( S ) ) +0.0053(80−100 ( FC
) )
Proximate Analysis
FC = 100 – 3.9 – 8.1 – VCM
FC = 88 – VCM or VCM = 88 – FC

88−FC 1.55
73.77=5.88+2.206 ( 30.81−0.094 (1.5 ) )+ 0.0053(80−100 ( FC )
)

FC = 52.2319 kg mol
VCM = 88 – 52.2319
VCM = 35.7681
Ash balance

8.1
Wt. of VCM in Residue = x 0.16
0.3248

Wt. of VCM in Residue = 3.99

3.99
% C and VCM lost in residue = x 100
35.7881

a. % C and VCM lost in residue = 11.16% ANS

Type of the combustible in the Residue

FC FC
( VCM ) = ( VCM
Fuel ) Residue

( 52.2319
35.7681 )=(
23.55
16 )
 1.46 = 1.46
b. Uncoked coal ANS

Orsat analysis of stack gas

Neglect N and S in the combustible

73.77 5.23 10
T h eo O 2= + − =7.1425 kgmol
12 4 32
Excess O 2=7.1425 ( 0.45 )=3.214

Supplied O 2=3.214+ 7.1425=10.3566 kgmol O 2

Supplied N 2=10.3566 ( 7921 )=38.9605 kgmol N 2

Balance at C
1 – 0.1116 = 0.8884

( 73.77
0.8884
12 )
=5.4614

0.12
CO=5.4614 (
1+0.12 )
=0.5852 kgmol

1
CO =5.4614 (
1+0.12 )
2 =4.8763 kgmol

CO H 2 net H
FreeO 2 =Excess O 2 + + + +at Cref
2 2 4
0.5852 0.1116(3.98) 0.1116(73.77)
FreeO2 =3.214+ + + =4.3038
2 4 12

Orsat Analysis of Stack Gas

Gas n %
CO2 4.8763 10.01
CO 0.5852 1.2
O2 4.3038 8.83
N2 38.9605 79.96
48.7258
d.
 3
m SG
=
( 1. 5783+2 .3773+ 48 . 7258 )( 22 . 4 ) ( 760
745 )
(
300+ 273
273
)
=25 .25 ANS
kg coal 100

e.
0 .5852 x 288 .16
% CV lost due ¿ CO= x 100=5 .37 % ANS
100

1.6906 x ( 300−25 )
% CV lost due ¿ Sensible Heat= x 100=15.09 % ANS
30.81 x 100

3. Same as Problem 2, but assume that the N in the coal gasified burns to NO and S into SO 2.
Calculate:
a) Orsat analysis of Stack gas
b) m3 SG/kg coal
c) mg SO2 and NO/Ncm stack gas

73.77 5.23 1.5 10

Theo O 2= + + −
12 4 32 32
Theo O2=7.189

ExcessO 2= (7.189 )( 0.45 )

ExcessO 2=3.235

O2 , air=3.235+ 7.189=10.424

79
N 2 , air=10.424( )=39.2141
21
0.1116(3.98) 0.1116(73.77)
O2 free=3.214+ 0.5852+ + +0.1116 ¿ ¿
4 12
N → NO

( 1−0.1116 ) ( 1.414 )=0.0888

S → SO2
( 1−0.1116 ) ( 1.532 )=0.0416
a.) Orsat Analysis

Orsat Analysis of Stack Gas

Gas n %
CO2 4.8763 9.92
CO 0.5852 1.19
O2 4.3038 8.77
SO2 0.0416 0.084
NO 0.0888 0.18
N2 38.9605 79.84
49.115

b.)

3
m SG
=
( 1.5783+2.3473+ 49.115 ) ( 22.4 ) ( 760
745 )( 300+273
273 )
kg Coal 100

m3 SG
¿ 25.44 ANS
kg Coal

c.)

DSG=( 1−0.116 )( 73.77

12 )
=5.46

5.46
Moles DSG=(
0.092+0.0119 )
=52.55
 mg SO2 ( 0.0416 ) ( 64 ) ( 106 )
=
N ∙ cm SG 273+25
( 52.55 )( 22.4 ) ( 273 )
mg SO2
¿ 2072.04 ANS
N ∙ cm SG

d.)
mg NO ( 0.0888 ) (30 ) ( 10 6 )
=
N ∙ cm ¿ 273+ 25
(52.55 )( 22.4 )( 273 )
mg NO
¿ 2073.29 ANS
N ∙ cm¿

4. The following data were obtained during coal combustion: Coal: 13.8 % VCM, 74.6 %
FC, 8.6 % ash, 3 % M, 0% N 1.2 % S; CV = 32.9582 MJ/kg. Residue: 4% VCM 40% FC,
56% ash. Air is at 25°C , 740 torrs, 80% RH 50 % excess O2. Stack Gas: 300°C, 755torrs,
H2 CO
ratio = 1:4, ratio = 1:10. Calculate:
CO CO 2

a. m3 air/ kg coal

b. Orsat analysis of the stack gas

25°C, 740 torrs, 80% RH, 50% excess O 2

 300°C, 755 torrs

13.8% VCM ORSAT

74.6% FC H2/ CO ratio = 1:4
8.6% Ash CO/CO2 ratio = 1:10
4% VCM
3% M
40% FC
0% N
56% ash
1.2% S

Solution:

Basis: 100kg coal

Using Calderwood Equation:

13.8 1.55
C=5.88+2.206 ( 32.958−0.094 ( 1.2 ) ) +0.0053(80−100 ( )
74.6
)

C = 81.48%
Using the Dulong Formula:
32.9582=0.338 ( 81.48 )+1.44 ( NH ) +0.094 (1.2)
NH = 3.68%
H + O = 8.72
Net H = H – O/8
3.68 = 8.72 - O – O/8
O = 4.48
H = 4.24
 81.48 4.48 4.24
Theo O2 = − + =7.71
12 32 4
O2supp = 7.71(1.5) = 11.57
79
N2supp = 11.57( ¿=43.51
21
Excess O2 = 7.71(0.5) = 3.86

(73.649−7258.2
298
−7.3037 ln298 ) +4.1653 x 10
−6 2
(298) ¿
Ps water at 298 K =e ¿=3142.13 Pa=23.57 mmHg

23.57(0.80)
( 740−23.57
n H 2 O ¿ air=( 11.57 +43.51 )
(0.80) )
=1.44 kgmol

760 [ 25+273.15 ]
740 ) ( 273.15 )
3
( 11.57+ 43.51+1.44 ) ( 22.4 ) ( 3
m air m air
= =14.19 ( ANSWER)
kg coal 100 kg coal
b. Orsat Analysis of Stack Gas
ash balance:
8.6 = 0.56R
R = 15.36
FC = 15.36(0.40) = 6.14
M = 15.36(0.040) = 0.614
0.614
VCMlost= ( 100 )=4.45 %
13.8
81.48−74.6
% C ∈VCM= ( 100 )=49.86 %
13.8
6.14+ 0.4986(0.6143)
Clost= ( 100 )=7.92 %
81.48
81.48
gasified = ( 1−0.0792 )=6.25
12
CO2 = 0.2524(10/11) = 5.68
CO = 0.2524(1/11) = 0.57
H2 = 0.568/4 = 0.14
 ORSAT ANALYSIS
%
CO2 10.39
CO 1.04
H2 0.26
O2 8.75
N2 79.50
SO2` 0.07

5. Coal fired in a furnace analyzes 16.6% VCM, 16% ash, 61.4% FC, 6% M, 1.2% N and 1.8% S
with a calorific value of 26.75 MJ/kg. Analysis of the Residue shows44% ash, 8% VCM, 34%
FC and 14% H2O. Partial Orsat Analysis of the stack gas shows 10.77% CO2, 1.62% CO and
0.81% H2. Air supplied is at 27°C, 765 torrs with 80% RH. Calculate:
a.%C and %VCM lost in the residue
b. % excess O2
c. m3 air/ kg coal
d. Orsat analysis of the stack gas
SOLUTION:

16.6% VCM
10.77% CO2
16% ash

61.4% FC 1.62% CO
6% M 44% Ash
0.81% H2
1.2% N 8% VCM
1.8% S 34% FC
CV = 26.75 MJ/kg 14% H2O

BASIS: 100 kg coal

Overall Ash Balance (in kg)
16=( R ) ( 0.44 )
R=36.36
FC = 36.36(0.08) = 12.36
VCM = 36.36(0.34) = 2.91
0.08(36.36)
VCM LOST = ( 100 ) =17.52% (ANSWER)
16.6
5.61
% C ∈VCM=67.01−61.4= ( 100 )=33.76 %
16.6
 12.36+0.3376(2.91)
Clost= ( 100 ) =19.92% (ANSWER)
67.01
H + O = 13.99
Using Calderwood Equation:

16.6 1.55
C=5.88+2.206 ( 26.75−0.094 ( 1.8 ) ) +0.0053(80−100 ( )
61.4
)

C = 67.01%
Using the Dulong Formula:
CV =0.338 ( C )+ 1.44 ( NH ) +0.094 ( S)
26.75 = 0.338 (67.01) + 1.44 (13.99 – O – O/8) + 0.094 (1.8)
O = 10.01%
H = 3.98
69.01 3.98 10.01
theoO 2 = + − = 6.37
12 4 32
Let y = excess O2
O2 supplied = 6.37 + y
N2 supplied = (6.37 + y) (79/21)
0.585 0.1992 ( 67.09 ) 0.1752 ( 2.33 ) 0.1752 ( 1.8 )
FreeO 2 = y+ + + + +0.148
2 12 4 32
= y + 1.68
DSG BALANCE:
36.09 = 3.89 + 0.585 + y + 1.68 + (6.27 + y)(79/21)+(1-0.18)/32+(1-0.1752)(1.2)/68+ 0.292
y = 1.26
1.26
%excess air= ( 100 )=20.1 % ( ANSWER )
6.27
c. H2O air = 35.86(26.7(0.80)/ 765-26.7(0.80)) = 1.03

760 [ 27+273.15 ]
3
m air
=
( 35.86+1.03 ) ( 22.4 ) ( )(
765 273.15 ) =9.02 m air ( ANSWER)
3

kg coal 100 kg coal

d.
ORSAT ANALYSIS IN STACK GAS
%
CO2 10.77
CO 1.62
H2 0.81
O2 8.14
N2 78.53
SO2` 0.13

6 .A high grade semi-anthracite coal has a complete analysis of 85.86% C, 4.44% H, 2.7%
O, 1.2% N, 5% ash and 0.8% S. Analysis of the Residue shows 58% C and 42% ash. Air is
supplied dry at 30°C and 750mmHg. Partial orsat analysis of the stack gas (400°C,
755mmHg) shows 8.05% CO2, 2.42% CO and 2.9%H2.Assume the S and N gasified burns
to SO2 and NO respectively. Calculate

a. % excess O2

b. Complete orsat analysis of stack gas

c. m3 stack gas/ m3 air

SOLUTION:
30°C, 750 mmHg

400°C, 755 mmHg

85.86% C ORSAT
4.44% H 8.05% CO2
5% Ash 2.42% CO
58% C
1.2% N 2.9% H2
42% Ash
0.8% S 79.77% N2
2.7% O

BASIS: 100 kg coal

Overall Ash Balance (in kg)

5=( R )( 0.42 )
R=11.91

Overall C Balance
 85.86 (0.58)(11.91)
=( DSG )( 0.0805+0.0242 ) +
12 12
DSG=62.84 mol

CO2 = 0.0805(62.84) = 5.06mol

CO = 0.0242(62.84) = 1.52mol

H2 = 0.029(62.84) = 1.82mol

S Balance
0.8
=( %S )( 62.84 )
32

S = 0.04%

SO2 = (0.0004)(62.84) = 0.025mol

1.2
NO = = 0.086
14

DSG BALANCE:

62.82 = CO2 + CO + O2 + N2 + SO2 + NO + H2

H
Theo O2=at C+ + at S−O 2
4
85.86 4.44 0.8 2.7
Theoretical O 2= + + − =8.21 mol O 2
12 4 32 32

Let y = excess O2

O2 supplied = 8.21 + y
79
N2 supplied = (8.21 + y)( ¿
21
(0.58)(11.91)
∗1
O2 accounted = y + 1.52 1.82 2 = y + 2.20
+ +
2 2 2

ORSAT ANALYSIS:

CO2 5.06

CO 1.52
 SO2 0.025

NO 0.086
79
N2 (8.21 + y)( ¿
21

O2y + 2.20

H2 1.82

DSG = 62.84

y = 4.46
4.46
% Excess O 2= (100 )=54.3 %(ANSWER)
8.21

ANSWER

COMPLETE ORSAT ANALYSIS

COMPONENT PERCENTAGE
CO2 8.05%
CO 2.42%
SO2 0.04%
N2 75.84%
O2 10.61%
H2 2.90%
NO 0.14%

(73.649−7258.2
298.15
−7.3037 ln298.15 ) +4.1653 x 10
−6 2
(298.15) ¿
Ps water at 298.15 K =e ¿=3170.39 Pa=23.78 mmHg
net H CW
H 2 O∈¿= + −H 2
2 18
2.7
Net H = 4.44 – = 4.10
2

CW = 100 - 4.103 – 85.86 – 1.2 – 0.8 -5 = 3.04

4.10 3.04
H 2 O∈¿= + −1.82=0.398
2 18
 760 [ 400+273 ]
( 765 ) ( 273 ) =2.31 m SG ( ANSWER)
3
( 0.398+62.84 ) ( 22.4 ) 3
m SG
3
= 3
m Air 750 [ 25+273 ] m Air
760 ) ( 273 )
( 6.66+25.05 ) ( 22.4 )(

7.A sample of coal was found to contain 1%N, 10% ash and 5.85% S. Analysis of the Residue
showed uncoked coal with 20.71% VCM lost in the residue. Orsat Analysis of the stack gas
shows 8.93% CO2, 1.56% CO, 0.34% SO2, 9.87% O2 and 79.3% N2. Assume that N in the coal is
gasified to N2. Calculate:
a.complete ultimate analysis of coal
b. complete analysis of the residue if it contains 37.93% ash
c. % excess O2

1% N 8.93% CO2
10% ash 1.56% CO
5.85% S 20.71% VCM lost 0.34% SO2

9.87% O2

79.3% N2

BASIS: 100 molof dry flue gas

Uncoked coal
VCM lost = C lost = net H lost = N lost = S lost = CW lost
N2 supplied = N2 in air + N2 in coal
79.3 = N2 in air + N2 in coal
S balance
0.058(wt of coal) = 0.34 x 32
Wt of coal = 187.59 kg coal

0.01 ( 187.59 )
79.3− ( 1−0.2071 ) =N 2∈ air
28
N2 in air = 79.247 kg mol N2
21
O 2 ∈air=79.247 x =21.07
79
1.56
O 2 unaccounted =21.07−8.93− −0.34−9.87=1.15 kg mol O 2
2
21
net H =1.15 x 4= x 100=2.45 %
187.59

VCM 1.55
C=5.88+2.206 ( CV −0.094 (5.8) ) +0.0053(80−100 ( FC )
)

CV =0.338 ( C )+ 1.44 ( 2.45 ) +0.094(5.8)

%CW&M = 100 – C – 10 -1 -5.8 – 2.45
(8.93+1.56)(12) = X x 187.59
X = 67.10%
CV =0.338 ( 67.10 ) +1.44 ( 2.45 )+ 0.094(5.8) = 26.753 MJ/mol
%CW ∧M =13.65 %
2
%H ∈CW ∧M =13.65 x =1.52 %
18
COMPLETE ULTIMATE ANALYSIS OF COAL
A.)
C 67.10%

H 3.97%

O 12.13%

N 1%

A 10%

S 5.8%
C.) % excess O2
0.6710 (187.59) 0.058(187.59) 0.0245(187.59)
O2 theo= + + =11.987 kg mol O2
12 32 4
21.07−11.98
% excessO 2 = x 100=75.88% ANS
11.98

8.| Coal fired in a furnace analyzes 57.1% C, 8% Ash, 1.4% N, and 0.77% S. The Residue
contains 24.5% C and 75.5% Ash. Orsat Analysis of the stack gas shows 11.21% CO2, 1.57%
CO, 7.45% O2, and 79.77% N2. Neglect N and S in the coal in the combustion calculations.
Calculate:
a.| Complete Ultimate Analysis of Coal
b.| % excess O2
SOLUTION:
 57.1% C 11.21% CO2
8% Ash 1.57% CO
1.4% N 24.5% C 7.45% O2
0.77% S 75.5% Ash 79.77% N2

since there is no VCM in the residue, the coal is TYPE B: Coked Coal
BASIS: 100 kgmol of DSG
Overall Ash Balance (in kg)
( F )( 0.08 )=( R ) ( 0.755 )
0.08 F
R=
0.755
Overall C Balance (in kg)
( 0.571 ) ( F )= ( R )( 0.245 )+[ ( 100 )( 0.1121 )+ ( 100 )( 0.0157 ) ](12)

( 0.571 ) ( F )= ( 0.08 F
0.755 )
( 0.245 ) +[( 100 )( 0.1121 )+ ( 100 )( 0.0157 )](12)

Solving for F; F = 281.37 kg therefore

0.08 F 0.08 (281.37)
R= = =29.81kg
0.755 0.755

Supplied O 2=79.77 ( 2179 )=21.20 kgmol O 2

 CO H 2 at H ref NO
FreeO 2 =Excess O 2 + + + at C ref + at S ref + −
2 2 4 2
1.57 29.81(0.245)
7.45=Excess O 2+ +0+ + 0+0−0
2 12
Excess O2 = 6.06 kgmol O2
Theo O2 = 21.20 – 6.06 = 15.14 kgmol O2
at NH
Theo O 2=at C+at S+
4
281.37(0.571) at NH
15.14= +
12 4
at NH = 7.01 kgmol NH = 7.01 kg
7.01 = 281.37 (% NH in F)
% NH in F = 0.0249 = 2.49%
Using Dulong’s Formula:
CV = 0.338(C) + 1.44 (NH) + 0.094 (S)
CV = 0.338 (57.1) + 1.44 (2.49) + 0.094 (0.77)
CV = 22.96 MJ/kg
Considering the Modified Analysis of the Coked Coal
CW = 100 – 2.49 – 0.77 – 1.4 – 8 – 57.1 = 30.24%

%H =2.49 %+30.24 % ( 182 )=5.85 %

16
%O=30.24 % ( )=26.88 %
18

ANSWER
COMPLETE ULTIMATE ANALYSIS OF COAL
COMPONENT PERCENTAGE
C 57.1%
H 5.85%
O 26.88%
N 1.4%
Ash 8%
 S 0.77%

6.06
% Excess O 2= ( 100 ) =40.03 % (ANSWER)
15.14

9.| Coal fired in a furnace analyzes 30% VCM, 51% FC, 14% Ash, 5% M, 1.6% N, and 1.2% S
with a GCV of 30.1 MJ/kg. Residue analysis shows 30% FC, 15% VCM, 40% Ash, and 15%
H2O. Air supplied is 50% in excess and is saturated at 25OC, 740 mmHg. Molar ratio of CO2 to
CO is 5:1 and H2 to CO is 1:1. The stack gases leaves at 300OC and 765 mmHg. Calculate:
a.| Orsat Analysis of the Stack Gas
b.| m3 Stack Gas/ m3 Air
SOLUTION:

Saturated at
25OC, 740 mmHg
50% Excess O2
GCV = 30.1 MJ/kg

30% VCM 300OC, 765 mmHg

51% FC
CO2: CO = 5:1
14% ASH
5% M 30% FC H2:CO = 1:1
15% VCM
1.6% N
40% ASH
1.2% S 15% H2O
Using Calderwood Equation:

30 1.55
C=5.88+2.206 ( 30.1−0.094 ( 1.2 ) ) +0.0053(80−100 ( )
51
)

C = 72.63%
Using the Dulong Formula:
 CV =0.338 ( C )+ 1.44 ( NH ) +0.094 ( S)
30.1 = 0.338 (72.63) + 1.44 (NH) + 0.094 (1.2)
NH = 3.78%
Modified Analysis of the Coal:
CW = 100 – ( 3.78 + 1.6 + 1.2 + 14 + 5 + 72.63)
CW = 1.79%

%H =3.78 %+(1.79 %+5 % ) ( 182 )=4.53 %

16
%O=( 1.79 %+5 % ) ( )=6.04 %
18
51 30
Testing for the Type of Coal: = →1.7=2; Therefore the coal is Type C: Mixture of
30 15
Uncoked and Coked Coal
BASIS: 100 kg Coal
100(0.7263) 100(0.012) 100(0.0378)
Theo O2= + + =7.035 kgmol
12 32 4
VC = 72.63 – 51 = 21.63%
21.63
% VC ∈VCM = ( 100 )=72.1 %
30
Overall Ash Balance
100(0.14) = R(0.40); R = 35 kg
C that combusted (in terms of kgmol)
100(0.7263) 35(0.30) 35 ( 0.15 ) (0.721)
C= − − =4.86 kgmol
12 12 12

CO 2=4.86 ( 56 )=4.05 kgmol

CO=4.86 ( 16 )=0.81 kgmol CO=0.81 kgmol H 2

1.6
% N ∈VCM = ( 100 )=5.33 %
30
1.2
% S∈VCM = (100 )=4 %
30
 3.78
% NH ∈VCM= ( 100 ) =12.6 %
30
1.79
% CW ∈VCM = (100 )=5.97 %
30
Excess O 2
0.50= → Excess O 2 =3.52 kgmol
7.035
Supplied O2 7.035 + 3.52 = 10.55 kgmol

N 2=10.55 ( 7921 )+ 100(0.016)

14 (2)
−
35 ( 0.15 ) (0.0533)
14(2)
=39.74 kgmol

35 ( 0.15 ) (0.126) 35 ( 0.15 )( 0.0597 ) (

+
0.81 0.81 35(0.30) 35 ( 0.15 ) (0.721) 35 ( 0.15 ) (0.04) 1 1(18)
FreeO2 =3.52+ + + + + +
2 2 12 12 32 4
ANSWER
ORSAT ANALYSIS OF STACK GAS
COMPONENT MOLES(kgmoles) PERCENTAGE
CO2 4.05 7.90%
CO 0.81 1.58%
H2 0.81 1.58%
N2 39.74 77.53%
O2 5.85 11.41%
TOTAL 51.26 100%

(73.649−7258.2
298.15
−7.3037 ln298.15 ) +4.1653 x 10
−6 2
(298.15) ¿
Ps water at 298.15 K =e ¿=3170.39 Pa=23.78 mmHg

(
n H 2 O ¿ air= 10.55+10.55 ( 7921 ))( 740−23.78
23.78
)=1.67 kgmol
H 2 that combusted =100 ( 0.0398 ) ( 12 )−35 ( 0.15) ( 0.126 ) ( 12 )+ 35 ( 0.1518) ( 0.0597) =1.64 kgmol
35 ( 0.15 )
Water∈Residue= =0.29 kgmol
18
100 (0.05)
Water∈Coal= =0.28 kgmol
18
Water in Stack Gas: 0.28 + 1.67 + 1.64 – 0.29 = 3.3 kgmol
 760 [ 300+273.15 ]
( 765 ) ( 273.15 )
3
( 51.26+3.3 ) ( 22.4 ) 3
m SG m SG
3
= =1.95
3
( ANSWER)
m Air 760 [ 25+273.15 ] m Air
740 ) ( 273.15 )
(10.55+ 39.69+ 1.67 ) (22.4 ) (