Exercise 14 (Solutions)

MathCity.org Textbook of Algebra and Trigonometry for Class XI

Merging man and maths Available online @ http://www.mathcity.org, Version: 3.0

Question # 1
Find the solution set of the following equation which lies in [ 0,2π ]
3 1
(i) sin x = − (ii) cosecθ = 2 (iv) cot θ =
2 3
Solution
3  3
(i) Since sin x = − ⇒ x = sin −1  − 
2  2 
5π 4π
⇒ x= , where x ∈ [ 0, 2π ]
3 3
(ii) Since cosecθ = 2
1 1
⇒ = 2 ⇒ sin θ =
sin θ 2
1 π 5π
⇒ θ = sin −1   = , where θ ∈ [ 0, 2π ]
2 6 6
(iii) Do yourself
1
(iv) Since cot θ =
3
1 1
⇒ = ⇒ tan θ = 3
tan θ 3
⇒ θ = tan −1 ( 3)
π 4π
⇒ θ= , where θ ∈ [ 0, 2π ]
3 3
Question # 2
Solve the following trigonometric equations:
1 4 4 1
(i) tan 2 θ = (ii) cosec 2 θ = (iii) sec2 θ = (iv) cot 2 θ =
3 3 3 3
Solution
1 1
(i) Since tan 2 θ = ⇒ tan θ = ±
3 3
1 1
⇒ tan θ = or tan θ = −
3 3
 1  −1  1 
⇒ θ = tan −1   or θ = tan  − 
 3  3
π 5π
⇒ θ= or θ=
6 6
Since period of tan θ is π
FSc I / Ex. 14 - 2

5π π
Therefore general value of θ = + nπ + nπ ,
6 6
π   5π 
So Solution Set =  + nπ  ∪  + nπ  where n ∈ ℤ
6  6 

4
(ii) Since cosec 2 θ =
3
2
⇒ cosecθ = ±
3
2 2
⇒ cosecθ = or cosecθ = −
3 3
3 3
⇒ sin θ = or sin θ = −
2 2
 3  3
⇒ θ = sin −1   or θ = sin −1  − 
 2   2 
π 2π 4π 5π
⇒ θ= , or θ= ,
3 3 3 3
Since period of cosecθ is 2π
π
2π 4π 5π
Therefore general value of θ = + 2nπ ,
+ 2nπ , + 2nπ , + 2nπ
3 3 3 3
π   2π   4π   5π 
Solution set =  + 2nπ  ∪  + 2nπ  ∪  + 2nπ  ∪  + 2nπ  where n ∈ ℤ .
3   3   3   3 
4
(iii) Since sec2 θ =
3
2
⇒ secθ = ±
3
2 2
⇒ secθ = or secθ = −
3 3
3 3
⇒ cosθ = or cosθ = −
2 2
 3  3
⇒ θ = cos −1   or θ = cos −1  − 
 2   2 
π 11π 5π 7π
⇒ θ= , or θ= ,
6 6 6 6
∵ period of secθ is 2π
π 5π 7π 11π
∴ general values of θ = + 2nπ ,
+ 2nπ , + 2nπ , + 2nπ
6 6 6 6
π   5π   7π   11π 
S.Set =  + 2nπ  ∪  + 2nπ  ∪  + 2nπ  ∪  + 2nπ  where n ∈ ℤ .
6  6   6   6 
(iv)
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 FSc I / Ex. 14 - 3

Do yourself

Question # 3
Find the value of θ satisfying the following equation:
3tan 2 θ + 2 3 tan θ + 1 = 0
Solution 3tan 2 θ + 2 3 tan θ + 1 = 0
( ) ( )
2
3 tan θ (1) + (1) = 0
2
⇒ 3 tan θ +2

( )
2
⇒ 3 tan θ + 1 = 0

⇒ ( 3 tan θ + 1) = 0
⇒ 3 tan θ = −1
1
⇒ tan θ = −
3
 1 
⇒ θ = tan −1  − 
 3
5π
⇒θ=
6
∵ period of tan θ is π
5π
∴ general value of θ = + nπ , n ∈ ℤ
6
Question # 4
Find the value of θ satisfying the following equation:
tan 2 θ − secθ − 1 = 0
Solution tan 2 θ − secθ − 1 = 0
⇒ ( sec2 θ − 1) − secθ − 1 = 0
⇒ sec2 θ − 1 − secθ − 1 = 0
⇒ sec2 θ − secθ − 2 = 0
⇒ sec2 θ − 2secθ + secθ − 2 = 0
⇒ secθ ( secθ − 2 ) + 1( secθ − 2 ) = 0
⇒ ( secθ + 1)( secθ − 2 ) = 0
⇒ ( secθ + 1) = 0 or ( secθ − 2 ) = 0
⇒ secθ = −1 or secθ = +2
1
⇒ cosθ = −1 or cosθ =
2
1
⇒ θ = cos −1 ( −1) or θ = cos −1  
2

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FSc I / Ex. 14 - 4

3π π 5π
⇒ θ= or θ= ,
2 3 3
∵ period of cosθ is 2π
3π π 5π
∴ general value of θ = + 2nπ , + 2nπ , + 2nπ where n ∈ ℤ ]
2 3 3
Question # 5
Find the value of θ satisfying the following equation:
2sin θ + cos 2 θ − 1 = 0
Solution 2sin θ + cos 2 θ − 1 = 0
⇒ 2sin θ + 1 − sin 2 θ − 1 = 0
⇒ − sin 2 θ + 2sin θ = 0
⇒ − sin θ ( sin θ − 2 ) = 0
⇒ − sin θ = 0 or sin θ − 2 = 0
⇒ sin θ = 0 or sin θ = 2
⇒ θ = sin −1 ( 0 ) Which does not hold as sin θ ∈ [−1,1]
⇒ θ =0, π
∵ period of sin θ is 2π
∴ general value of θ = 0 + 2nπ , π + 2nπ
= 2nπ , π + 2nπ where n ∈ ℤ
Question # 6
Find the value of θ satisfying the following equation:
2sin 2 θ − sin θ = 0
Solution 2sin 2 θ − sin θ = 0
⇒ sin θ ( 2sin θ − 1) = 0 ⇒ sin θ = 0 or 2sin θ − 1 = 0
Now do yourself
Question # 7
Find the value of θ satisfying the following equation:
3cos 2 θ − 2 3 sin θ cosθ − 3sin 2 θ = 0
Solution 3cos 2 θ − 2 3 sin θ cosθ − 3sin 2 θ = 0
Dividing throughout by cos 2 θ
3cos 2 θ 2 3 sin θ cosθ 3sin 2 θ
− − =0
cos 2 θ cos 2 θ cos 2 θ
⇒ 3 − 2 3 tan θ − 3tan 2 θ = 0
⇒ − 3tan 2 θ − 2 3 tan θ + 3 = 0
⇒ 3tan 2 θ + 2 3 tan θ − 3 = 0 ×ing by -1

( )
2
−2 3 ± 2 3 − 4 ( 3)( −3)
⇒ tan θ =
2 ( 3)

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 FSc I / Ex. 14 - 5

−2 3 ± 12 + 36 −2 3 ± 48
⇒ tan θ = =
6 6
−2 3 ± 16 × 3 −2 3 ± 4 3
= =
6 6
−2 3 + 4 3 2 3 −2 3 − 4 3 6 3
⇒ tan θ = = or tan θ = =−
6 6 6 6
3 3 1
⇒ tan θ = = = or ⇒ tan θ = − 3
( )
2
3 3 3

 1 
⇒ θ = tan −1 
 3
 or θ = tan −1 − 3( )
π 11π
⇒ θ= or θ=
6 6
∵ period of tan θ is π
π 11π
∴ general value of θ = + nπ , + nπ where n ∈ ℤ .
6 6
Question # 8
Find the value of θ satisfying the following equation:
4sin 2 θ − 8cosθ + 1 = 0
Solution 4sin 2 θ − 8cosθ + 1 = 0
⇒ 4 (1 − cos 2 θ ) − 8cosθ + 1 = 0
⇒ 4 − 4cos 2 θ − 8cosθ + 1 = 0
⇒ − 4cos 2 θ − 8cosθ + 5 = 0
⇒ 4cos 2 θ + 8cosθ − 5 = 0
⇒ 4cos 2 θ + 10cosθ − 2cosθ − 5 = 0
⇒ 2cosθ ( 2cosθ + 5 ) − 1( 2cosθ + 5 ) = 0
⇒ ( 2cosθ + 5 )( 2cosθ − 1) = 0
⇒ 2cosθ + 5 = 0 or 2cosθ − 1 = 0
⇒ 2cosθ = −5 or 2cosθ = 1
−5 1
⇒ cosθ = or cosθ =
2 2
 −5  1
⇒ θ = cos −1   or θ = cos −1  
 2  2
π 5π
Which is not possible as cosθ ∈ [−1,1] or θ= ,
3 3
∵ period of cosθ is 2π
π 5π
∴ general value of θ = + 2π n, + 2nπ where n ∈ ℤ .
3 3
Question # 9

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FSc I / Ex. 14 - 6

Find the solution set; 3 tan x − sec x − 1 = 0

Solution 3 tan x − sec x − 1 = 0 ……(i)
sin x 1
⇒ 3 − −1 = 0
cos x cos x
⇒ 3 sin x − 1 − cos x = 0 × ing by cosθ .
⇒ 3 sin x − 1 = cos x
On squaring both sides.
( )
2
3 sin x − 1 = ( cos x )
2

⇒ 3sin 2 x − 2 3 sin x + 1 = cos 2 x

⇒ 3sin 2 x − 2 3 sin x + 1 = 1 − sin 2 x
⇒ 3sin 2 x − 2 3 sin x + 1 − 1 + sin 2 x = 0
⇒ 4sin 2 x − 2 3 sin x = 0
(
⇒ 2sin x 2sin x − 3 = 0 )
⇒ 2sin x = 0 or 2sin x = 3
3
⇒ sin x = 0 or sin x =
2
 3
⇒ x = sin −1 ( 0 ) or x = sin −1  
 2 
π 2π
⇒ x=0 , π or x= ,
3 3
Now to check extraneous roots put x = 0 in (i)
L.H.S = 3 tan(0) − sec(0) − 1 = 0 − 1 − 1 = −2 ≠ 0 = R.H.S
Implies that x = 0 is an extraneous root of given equation.
Now put x = π in (i)
L.H.S = 3 tan(π ) − sec(π ) − 1 = 0 − (−1) − 1 = 0 = R.H.S
Implies that x = π is a root of the equation.
π
Now put x = in (i)
3
π  π 
L.H.S = 3 tan   − sec   − 1 = 3
3 3
( 3 ) − 2 − 1 = 1 − 2 − 1 = 0 = R.H.S
π
Implies that x = is a root of given equation.. Since period of tan is π .
3
2π
Now put x = in (i)
3
 2π   2π 
L.H.S = 3 tan   − sec   −1
 3   3 
( )
= 3 − 3 − ( −2 ) − 1 = −3 + 2 − 1 = − 2 = R.H.S
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 FSc I / Ex. 14 - 7

2π
Implies x = is an extraneous root of given equation.
3
∵ period of sin x is 2π
π
∴ general values of x = π + 2nπ , + 2nπ
3
π 
Solution Set = {π + 2nπ } ∪  + 2nπ  where n ∈ ℤ .
3 
Question # 10
Find the solution set; cos 2 x = sin 3 x
Solution cos 2 x = sin 3 x
⇒ cos 2 x − sin 2 x = 3sin x − 4sin 3 x ∵ cos 2 x = cos 2 x − sin 2 x
⇒ cos 2 x − sin 2 x − 3sin x + 4sin 3 x = 0 sin 3 x = 3sin x − 4sin 3 x
⇒ (1 − sin 2 x ) − sin 2 x − 3sin x + 4sin 3 x = 0
⇒ 1 − 2sin 2 x − 3sin x + 4sin 3 x = 0
⇒ 4sin 3 x − 2sin 2 x − 3sin x + 1 = 0
Take sin x = 1 as a root then by synthetic division

1 4 -2 -3 1
↓ 4 2 -1
4 2 -1 0

⇒ ( sin x − 1) ( 4sin 2 x + 2sin x − 1) = 0

⇒ sin x − 1 = 0 or 4sin 2 x + 2sin x − 1 = 0
( 2) − 4 ( 4 )( −1)
2
−2 ±
⇒ sin x = 1 or sin x =
2 ( 4)
−2 ± 4 + 16 −2 ± 20
⇒ x = sin −1 (1) or sin x = =
8 8
π −2 + 20 −2 − 20
⇒ x= or sin x = or sin x =
2 8 8
sin x = 0.309 or sin x = −0.809
⇒ x = sin −1 ( 0.309 ) or x = sin −1 ( −0.809 )
≈ 18, 162 or ≈ 234 , 306
π π π π
⇒ x = 18 ⋅ , 162 ⋅ or x = 234 ⋅ , 306 ⋅
180 180 180 180
π 9π 13π 17π
= , or = ,
10 10 10 10

∵ period of sin x is 2π
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FSc I / Ex. 14 - 8

π9π 13π 17π π

∴ general value of x = + 2nπ ,
+ 2nπ , + 2nπ , + 2nπ , + 2nπ
10 10 10 10 2
π   9π  13π  17π  π 
S.Set =  + 2nπ  ∪  + 2nπ  ∪  + 2nπ  ∪  + 2nπ  ∪  + 2nπ 
10   10   10   10  2 
Question # 11
Find the solution set; sec3θ = secθ
Solution sec3θ = secθ
1 1
⇒ =
cos3θ cosθ
⇒ cos3θ = cosθ
⇒ 4cos3 θ − 3cosθ = cosθ ∵ cos3θ = 4cos3 θ − 3cosθ
⇒ 4cos3 θ − 3cosθ − cosθ = 0
⇒ 4cos3 θ − 4cosθ = 0
(
⇒ 4cosθ cos 2 θ − 1 = 0 )
⇒ 4cosθ = 0 or cos 2 θ − 1 = 0
⇒ cosθ = 0 or cos 2 θ = 1
⇒ θ = cos −1 (0) or cosθ = ±1
⇒ θ = cos −1
(1) , θ = cos ( −1) −1

π 3π
⇒ θ= , or θ =0,π
2 2
∵ period of cosθ is 2π
π 3π
∴ general values of θ = + 2nπ ,
+ 2nπ , 0 + 2nπ , π + 2nπ
2 2
π 3π
= + 2nπ , + 2nπ , nπ
2 2
π   3π 
S. Set =  + 2nπ  ∪  + 2nπ  ∪ {nπ } where n ∈ ℤ .
2   2 
Question # 12
Find the solution set; tan 2θ + cot θ = 0
Solution tan 2θ + cot θ = 0
⇒ tan 2θ = − cot θ
sin 2θ cosθ
⇒ =−
cos 2θ sin θ
2sin θ cosθ cosθ
⇒ =−
cos θ − sin θ
2 2
sin θ
⇒ ( 2sin cosθ )( sin θ ) = ( − cosθ ) ( cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ )
⇒ 2sin 2 θ cosθ = − cos3 θ + sin 2 θ cosθ
⇒ 2sin 2 θ cosθ + cos3 θ − sin 2 θ cosθ = 0
⇒ sin 2 θ cosθ + cos3 θ = 0

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 FSc I / Ex. 14 - 9

(
⇒ cosθ sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ = 0) ⇒ cosθ (1) = 0
⇒ θ = cos −1 (0)
π 3π
= ,
2 2
∵ period of cosθ is 2π
π 3π
∴ general values of θ = + 2nπ , + 2nπ
2 2
π   3π 
S. Set =  + 2nπ  ∪  + 2nπ  where n ∈ ℤ .
2  2 
Question # 13
Find the solution set; sin 2 x + sin x = 0
Solution sin 2 x + sin x = 0
⇒ 2sin x cos x + sin x = 0 ∵ sin 2θ = 2sin θ cosθ
⇒ sin x ( 2cos x + 1) = 0
⇒ sin x = 0 or 2cos x + 1 = 0
1
⇒ x = sin −1 (0) or cos x = −
2
 1
⇒ x = cos −1  − 
 2
2π 4π
⇒ x=0,π or x= ,
3 3
∵ period of sin x and cos x is 2π
2π 4π
∴ general values of x = 0 + 2nπ , π + 2nπ , + 2nπ , + 2nπ
3 3
2π 4π
= nπ , + 2nπ , + 2nπ
3 3
 2π   4π 
So solution set = { nπ } ∪  + 2nπ  ∪  + 2nπ  where n ∈ ℤ .
 3   3 
Question # 14
Find the solution set; sin 4 x − sin 2 x = cos3 x
Solution sin 4 x − sin 2 x = cos3 x
 4x + 2x   4x − 2x 
⇒ 2cos   sin   = cos3 x
 2   2 
⇒ 2cos3 x sin x − cos3 x = 0
⇒ cos3 x ( 2sin x − 1) = 0
⇒ cos3 x = 0 or 2sin x − 1 = 0
1
⇒ 3 x = cos −1 (0) , sin x =
2
π 3π 1
⇒ 3x = , , x = sin −1  
2 2 2

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FSc I / Ex. 14 - 10

π π π 5π
⇒ x= , , x= ,
6 2 6 6
2π
Since period of cos3 x is and period of sin x is 2π
3
π 2nπ π 2nπ π 5π
∴ general values of x = + , + , + 2nπ , + 2nπ
6 3 2 3 6 6
π 2nπ   π 2nπ   π   5π 
So solution set =  + ∪ +  ∪  + 2nπ  ∪  + 2nπ  where n ∈ ℤ .
6 3  2 3  6  6 
Question # 15
Find the solution set; sin x + cos3 x = cos5 x
Solution sin x + cos3 x = cos5 x
⇒ sin x = cos5 x − cos3 x
 5 x + 3x   5x − 3x 
⇒ sin x = −2sin   sin  
 2   2 
⇒ sin x = −2sin 4 x sin x
⇒ sin x + 2sin 4 x sin x = 0
⇒ sin x (1 + 2sin 4 x ) = 0
⇒ sin x = 0 or 1 + 2sin 4 x = 0
1  1
⇒ x = sin −1 (0) or sin 4 x = − ⇒ 4 x = sin −1  − 
2  2
7π 11π 7π 11π
⇒ x=0 , π or 4x = , ⇒ x= ,
6 6 24 24
2π π
Since period of sin x is 2π and period of sin 4 x is =
4 2
7π nπ 11π nπ
∴ general values of x = 0 + 2nπ , π + 2nπ , + , +
24 2 24 2
 7π nπ  11π nπ 
So solution set = {2nπ } ∪ {π + 2nπ } ∪  + ∪ +  where n ∈ ℤ .
 24 2   24 2 
Question # 16
Find the solution set; sin 3 x + sin 2 x + sin x = 0
Solution sin 3 x + sin 2 x + sin x = 0
⇒ ( sin 3 x + sin x ) + sin 2 x = 0
 3x + x   3x − x 
⇒ 2sin   cos   + sin 2 x = 0
 2   2 
⇒ 2sin 2 x cos x + sin 2 x = 0
⇒ sin 2 x ( 2cos x + 1) = 0
⇒ sin 2 x = 0 or 2cos x + 1 = 0
1
⇒ 2 x = sin −1 (0) or cos x = −
2

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 FSc I / Ex. 14 - 11

 1
⇒ 2x = 0 , π or x = cos −1  − 
 2
π 2π 4π
⇒ x=0 , or x= ,
2 3 3
2π
Since period of sin 2 x is = π and period of cos x is 2π
2
π 2π 4π
∴ general values of x = 0 + nπ , + nπ , + 2nπ , + 2nπ
2 3 3
π   2π   4π 
S. Set = {nπ } ∪  + nπ  ∪  + 2nπ  ∪  + 2nπ  where n ∈ ℤ .
2   3   3 
Question # 17
Find the solution set; sin 7 x − sin x = sin 3 x
Solution sin 7 x − sin x = sin 3 x
 7x + x   7x − x 
⇒ 2cos   sin   = sin 3 x
 2   2 
⇒ 2cos 4 x sin 3 x − sin 3 x = 0
⇒ sin 3 x ( 2cos 4 x − 1) = 0
⇒ sin 3 x = 0 or 2cos 4 x − 1 = 0
1
⇒ 3 x = sin −1 ( 0 ) or cos 4 x =
2
 1  π 5π
⇒ 3x = 0 , π or 4 x = cos −1   = ,
2 3 3
π π 5π
⇒ x=0 , or x= ,
3 12 12
2π 2π π
Since period of sin 3 x is and period of cos 4 x is =
3 4 2
2nπ π 2nπ π nπ 5π nπ
∴ general values of x = 0 + , + , + , +
3 3 3 12 2 12 2
 2nπ  π 2nπ   π nπ   5π nπ 
So S. set =  ∪ + ∪ + ∪ +  where n ∈ ℤ .
 3  3 3  12 2   12 2 
Question # 18
Find the solution set; sin x + sin 3 x + sin 5 x = 0
Solution
sin x + sin 3 x + sin 5 x = 0
⇒ ( sin 5 x + sin x ) + sin 3 x = 0
 5x + x   5x − x 
⇒ 2sin   ⋅ cos   + sin 3 x = 0
 2   2 
⇒ 2sin 3 x cos 2 x + sin 3 x = 0
⇒ sin 3 x ( 2cos 2 x + 1) = 0
⇒ sin 3 x = 0 or 2cos 2 x + 1 = 0

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FSc I / Ex. 14 - 12

 1
⇒ 3 x = sin −1 ( 0 ) or 2cos 2 x = −1 ⇒ 2 x = cos −1  − 
 2
2π 4π
⇒ 3x = 0 , π or 2x = ,
3 3
π π 2π
⇒ x=0 , or x= ,
3 3 3
2π 2π
Since period of sin 3 x is and period of cos 2 x is =π
3 2
2nπ π 2nπ π 2π
∴ general values of x = 0 + , + , + nπ , + nπ
3 3 3 3 3
 2nπ   π 2nπ  π   2π 
S.Set =  ∪ +  ∪  + nπ  ∪  + nπ  where n ∈ Z
 3  3 3  3   3 
Question # 19
Find the solution set; sin θ + sin 3θ + sin 5θ + sin 7θ = 0
Solution sin θ + sin 3θ + sin 5θ + sin 7θ = 0
⇒ ( sin 7θ + sin θ ) + ( sin 5θ + sin 3θ ) = 0
 7θ + θ   7θ − θ   5θ + 3θ   5θ − 3θ 
⇒ 2sin   cos   + 2sin   cos  =0
 2   2   2   2 
⇒ 2sin 4θ cos3θ + 2sin 4θ cosθ = 0
⇒ 2sin 4θ ( cos3θ + cosθ ) = 0
  3θ + θ   3θ − θ 
⇒ 2sin 4θ  2cos   cos   = 0
  2   2 
⇒ 4sin 4θ cos 2θ cosθ = 0
⇒ sin 4θ = 0 or cos 2θ = 0 or cosθ = 0
⇒ 4θ = sin −1 ( 0 ) , 2θ = cos −1 ( 0 ) , θ = cos −1 ( 0 )
π 3π π 3π
⇒ 4θ = 0 , π or 2θ = , or θ = ,
2 2 2 2
π π 3π
⇒ θ =0 , or θ= ,
4 4 4
2π π 2π
Since period of sin 4θ is = , cos 2θ is = π and cosθ is 2π
4 2 2
nπ π nπ π 3π π 3π
∴ general values of θ = 0 + , + , + nπ , + nπ , + 2nπ , + 2nπ
2 4 2 4 4 2 2
 nπ   π nπ   π   3π  π   3π 
S. Set =   ∪  +  ∪  + nπ  ∪  + nπ  ∪  + 2nπ  ∪  + 2nπ  .
 2  4 2  4   4  2   2 
Question # 20
Find the solution set;cosθ + cos3θ + cos5θ + cos 7θ = 0
Solution cosθ + cos3θ + cos5θ + cos 7θ = 0
⇒ ( cos 7θ + cosθ ) + ( cos5θ + cos3θ ) = 0

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 FSc I / Ex. 14 - 13

 7θ + θ   7θ − θ   5θ + 3θ   5θ − 3θ 
⇒ 2cos   cos   + 2cos   cos  =0
 2   2   2   2 
⇒ 2cos 4θ cos3θ + 2cos 4θ cosθ = 0
⇒ 2cos 4θ ( cos3θ + cosθ ) = 0
  3θ + θ   3θ − θ  
⇒ 2cos 4θ  2cos   cos   = 0
  2   2 
⇒ 4cos 4θ cos 2θ cosθ = 0
Now do yourself as above question.

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Halima Shafiq Punjab College

Ali Mazhar Gondal
Junaid

Book: Exercise 14
Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI

Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore.

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