Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe’ 1. Scope LL This specification covers reinforeed concrete pipe intended to be used forthe conveyance of sewage, industria ‘wastes, and storm water, and forthe eonstuction of culverts, 1.2 complete metic companion to Specification C 76 has been developed—C T6M: therefore, no metric equivalents are presented in this specification, Reinforced eonerete pipe that ‘conform to the requirements of C TOM, are acceptable under {his Specification C76 unless prohibited by the Owner: ff Bedding an ackil, and care Gat fsallaion conforma 10 the enstucon specifatins. The owner ofthe reinforced concrete pipe ‘th he ls pipe specie and provide inspection adhe contin 2. Referenced Documents 2. ASTM Standards: * [A 36/A 36M Specification for Carbon Structural See! ASIA 82M Specification for Steel Wire, Plain, for Con ‘rete Reinforcement AISS/A 185M Specification for Steel Welded Wire Rein- Foreement, Plain, for Concrete A49G/A 496M Specification for Steel Wire, Deformed, for Concrete Reinforcement AAOTIA 497M Specitication for Steel Welded Wire Rein- forcement, Deformed, for Concrete once pean hehe reqstity of Sibomatce C1802 on cunt ASR Cason Sonne at sence as, Pf Bt of STM of Dee ADISIA 6ISM Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon Stel Bats for Conerete Reinvoreement AT06IA 706M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel De- formed and Plain Bars for Conerete Reinforcement (C33 Specification for Concrete Azeregates ‘CT6M Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, ‘Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe [Metric] ‘C180 Specification for Poland Cement ‘© 260) Specification for Air-Entaining Admixtares for Con- (C309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Com- pounds for Curing Conerete CARHC 494M Specitcution for Chamiat Adminis for ‘C-497 “Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile (C1595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Comes ‘C18 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Caleined ‘Natural Pozzolan for Use in Conerete (€655 Specification for Reinforced Concrete D-Load Cul- ver, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe ‘C822 Terminology Relating to Conerete Pipe and Related Products (C989 Specification for Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag for Use in Conerete and Mortars C1OI7IC 1OTTM Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing Concrete CII16 Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete and Shoterete 3. Terminology 3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to con- crete pipe, see Terminology C822. 4. Classification 4.1 Pipe manufactured in accordance with his specification shall be of five classes identified as Clas I, Clas I, Clas I, Class IV, and Class V. The eoresponding strength require” iments are prescribed in Tables 1-5.lp c76-08 ‘TABLE 1 Design Requirements for Class | Relnforced ConerstePipe* Naw: 1-See Section 5 for iss of acceptance specified by the owner ‘he seg est requirement in poundeterce per linear Foto pipe expense pounis-fore pr linea ot pet fot of dant to rode a in rach othe D-oas to ros the OI rack athe ulate Toad a pele below, mpd bythe eral danetr of he pp i fet. Det, Gare Seng apse ra ea — arene Mg —_ FO * Cage Cage * Cage a ee same Bm 4 : ° ‘noapic age snes eg ag rots an a spade ut ageln ta aa he let he sat sn ‘nian’ agate ape ura grea cae n semenca win Fa sal cage sa na ns an epee fr ono eae mae "ea an qantas! mst bs Pa place by mea adn ocala tv mas Ereugou Re ee casing pete, Basis of Acceptance 5:1 Unless otherwise designated by the owner at the ime of coc before placing an order, tere are two spurte and ter the basce of cepance. Independent of the method. of scceptanes the pipe sal be designed to meet oth the 01 -n fact and ukimate srengh requirements specfid in Tables "5 Si. Acceptance om the Basis of Plant Laad-Bearing Tests, Material Tess and Inspection of Manufectred Pipe for Visual ages, agrees 5. iS. lameters and classes produced in accordance with 7.1 of 7.2 Shall be determined bythe resus ofthe thee-dge bearing tests defined in 11.1 by sch material tessa ate requ in 62, 63,65, and 66; by an absorption et ofthe concrete from te wall ofthe pipe for each mix design hat sued onan ‘onder, and by visual Iepetion ofthe finshed pipe to deter tines conformance with the accepted desig and ts reedom from defects S12 Acceptance onthe Bass of Material Tests and Inspec tin of Manifctured Pipe for Defects and bnperfectons— ‘Aceeptbilty ofthe pipe nal diameters and clesses produced in accordance with 7.1 or 7.2 shall be determined by'the results of such material tests as are required in 6.2, 63, 6, and 6.6: by erushng tests on concrete cores or cured conereteeslinders: by an absorption test ofthe concrete from the wall ofthe pipe fo each mix design that is used on an onder and by inspection of the finished pipe including amount and placement of feinforcement to determine its conformance with the accepted design and its freedom from defects. 5.1.3 When agreed upon by the owner and manufacturer, any portion or any combination ofthe ests itemized in $1.1 oF 5.1.3 may form the basis of acceptance, 5.2 Age for Acceptance—Pipe shall be considered ready for ageeptane when it conforms 1 the requirements indicated by the specified tests 6, Materials {6.1 The aggregate shall be s0 sized, graded, proportioned, and mixed with such proportions of Porand cement, blended hydraulic cement, oF Porand cement and supplementary cementing materials, or admixtures, if used, ofa combination thereof, and wate to produce a homogenous Gdncrete mintarely c 76-08 ‘TABLE 2 Design Requirements for Cass Il Reinforced Conesta Pipe” Nore 1—See Seton 5 fr tas of acepane spect by te nec ‘The senth test requirement in pound free pet linear Foto pipe uni expo in pu force pr linea fot pre fate) to pce 400 Tea ay specified teow, lipid by the neal deter of he pp net. ler he te-ege-earing met sal be either the Dou (est od Seam Cores Sra at ‘Gente Seah 10058 Cares Srna Daye _Aacamoy toa eats” eign Te _ RHA eg oes Toe Gur” Rozen? nas Yay uy Reoaren® nes Inna our Relea? me Soe e Gao Cae BO Gage Gate a 13 on Sar or core care a Be oa Fo a a on bat os ade zest Stak Oa Gansete Seah 0p * resae » resin “ re "ct cc scl waa "teal . Ve scl ‘2m vrata nar ating nl rane Pe Ben dasha hae to eau casa ante teu pu are ele age, "orth sae nde ements eee wosted Te sched ute rent mo-erine posse an AMAeh ogc seat fn sandr dames "Shean suns a dei rig hoe ander recast eiotcemet maybe poston and ropertaned inate ine lowing mano: _ ieee a ei gn oat a a ge a amor an te Sage pur unt mae aaron nig or ‘nirer an deca un lesa sage accor wn Fi 2 pac and masa tes ust ox hes plasby mean hing Yeo, tor oa means Pugh he ere casing operon ‘of such quality that the pipe will conform to the test and design requtemens ofthe specification. In no case, however, shall the proportion of Poland cement, blended hydraulic cement, or ‘combination of Portland cement und supplementary cementing materials be less than 470 Ih (62 Cementitious materials: 62.1 Cement—Cement shall conform to the requtements of Specification C 150, or shall be portland blast-furmace slag cement, or slag modified portland cement, of portand- pozzolan cement conforming, tothe requirements of Spcifca- tion C 595, except that the pozzolan constituent in the Type IP Portland-pozzolan cement stall be fly ashNore See Seton 5 for bass of accepance specified by he ower @y 76-08 TABLE 2 Design Requirements for Class Il enforced Concrete Pipe ‘The svength test requirements in pounds force per linear foo Of pipe under the treeegeeuing method sal be either the Dead est ad lea ay spec Below, uli by their ameter of he pipe feet Diced posi a 001 cnc 1280 Biesd sous he imate ooo ona Conse Seng 10005 Cones Sena 00 Gone Bog 100 pa Damn pane? Tick nanan al itso ‘ fiptes TH lntocamont®™ otek totes ese er oer Rene moor oan Raircenent® ests, ier oar Recon ne Oe in Soe ae Blasco 2 ear 2 oar = aa Hoy an on mar coe sage bere BO On be la bo oar are aera Sangh Sopa Gente Seah Gorse Sea, 5D 7 For rsa apo sea sooo win Papen ha ae size he oval Spateaon 55 So wees ay be apa balwaa ose haan atom to tan one an sur ear epee aye pated sv pepaoned ef he ong a ‘aia ona ag urs pc tap so are te tha faa Sge sane a anal sata he areas te na stems co age ple be sta cape sh tb ss ana pete fo ono eae ne ad ec der age ps quran ae feces wth 1 oF Sinn andar age ura ital cae nsesnance win i 2 igs an ans snl mit has plas by mea a lng ochre, ter pate means overt he er ang open. foes css io, Pe na Shas pss The est ea rg aero pos bean MeN "Fae am ahora, ge cge toon maybe Usd, The eon area sire pane hl 0.90 fr i Ba 0.20 walp 76-08 ‘TABLE 4 Design Requirements for Cass IV Reinforced Concrete Pipe" [None 1—See Seen 5 for bass of accepatce specie by the ove ‘The sen tent rerement in pounders por line ooo pipe unde he tee-getering etd sal be eter the Daa est la Focal neous tao sing oa cape nin anne tesa ecm oe pct ner a oc cant eae {Te at st ba ng et yoann og pea 622 Ground Granulated Blast-Fumace Slag (GGBES)— ‘GGBES shall eonform co the requirements of Grade 10 oF 120, ‘of Specification C989, 6.2.3 Fly Ash—Fly ash shall conform tothe requiements of (Class F or Class C of Specification C618, 6.24 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious Materils— ‘The combination of cementitious materials used inthe concrete shall be one of the following: {624.1 Portland cement only, 62:42 Pordand blast furnace slag cement only 62.43 Slag modified portand cement only. (62.4.4 Ponland pozzolan cement only, 62.45 A combination of portland cement and ground svanulated blast-furnace slg, {62.4.6 A combination of porand cement and fly ash, oF 62.4.7 A combination of portland cement, ground grani- lated blastsfurnace slag (not to exceed 25 % of the total cementitious weight) and fly ash (not to exceed 25 & of the total cementiious weight (63 Aggregares—Aggregates shall conform to Specification (©.33 except thatthe requirement for gradation shall not apply.lp 75-08 ‘TABLE 5 Design Requirements for Class V Reinforced Concrete Pipe ‘The suegth est equiements in pounce pe iear foo of pipe une the chre-ege-eaing metho shal be ihe he Dad (tf xpos in pani fore pelea ope fot of darter) to proce 0.01 erack, othe Dns ope the On rack andthe shine Tea as specie below: uli by te tral ameter a he pp Feet teed peace 2 08t-n rce sco Diead sos te urate os 350 cee a eh See eh ee im aa omen? _Ettea watt? ie eitwcoentt Sle ier ueraNGS I ea Come Cage Coe Cane rd mf 4 SRE NS EEE acta “Geraiacmeareemnanmraetany” Hs sia eu mtrenet reentry he jroo of penton 66 Sloe ay be HapalaToween es tr hal av ro csr aps ah a reps oe gta cae. ob dap chat tere ch pss sage sara ees ntsc ut cage fee ane lar cl a sa tb as an a pod fe to a ape ms ab “tending conan 64 Adistures and Blends—The following admixtures and blends ae allowable 64.1. Airenteaning admixture conforming to Speciation 260 64.2 Chemical admixture conforming 0 Specification (C408iC 494M: ‘64.3 Chemical admixture for use in producing flowing ‘concrete conforming 19 Specification C OLTIC 107M; and ‘6c Chemical admixture or blend approved by the owner. 65 Stee! Reinforcement—Reinforcement shall consist of wire conforming to Specification \ 82/A 82M or Speciation ‘A 496/A 496M oof wire reinforcement conforming to Spec fication A 18S/A 185M or Specification A 497/A 497M; or of bars conforming to Specification A 36/A 36M, Speciation AGISIAGISM Grade 40) of 60, of Specification A 706/ A T06M Grade 60 66 Synthetic Fibers—Collated ibsillted virgin poly propy: lene fibers are not prohibited from being wsed atthe maniac turers option, a a nonstructural manufacturing material. Only Type II synthetic fibers designed and manufactured specifi~ cally for use in concrete and conforming to the requirements of Specification C1116 shall be used 1. Design 14. Design Tables—The diameter, wall thickness, compres- sive strength of the concrete, and the area of the circumferen- Lil reinforcement shall be a prescribed for Classes to V in ‘Tables 1-5, except as provided in 72, 7.1.1 The reinforcement as presented in the tbles hetei allows single circular cage reinforcement, o separate inner and ‘outer circular cage reinforcement or a combination thereof, Footnotes to the tubles are intended to clarify tabulatedQh 76-00 requirements or provide acceptable alternative reinforcement designs, either of which are applicable and binding as if they ‘were contained inthe body of the specification, 712 Modified and Special Designs: 72.1 If permitted by the owner the manufacturer may request approval by the owner of mauled designs that differ from the designs in 7.1; or special designs for sizes and loads beyond those shown in Tables 1-5, 7.1, oF special designs for Pipe sizes that do not have steel reinforcement areas shown in Tables 1-5 of 7.1 722 Such modified or special designs shall be based on rational or empirical evaluations of the ultimate stength and cracking behavior of the pipe and shall fully describe tothe ‘owner any deviations from the requirements of 7.1. The ‘descriptions of modified or special designs shall include the wall thickness, the conerete strength, and the area, (pe, Placement, number of layers, and strength of the stl rein Forvement, 7.23. The manufacturer shall submit othe owner proot of the adequacy ofthe proposed modified or special design. Such roof may" comprise the submission of certified three edge hearing tests already made, which are acceptable tothe owner ‘if sch three-edge-bearing tests are not available or accept able, the manufacturer may be required to perform proof tests ‘on sizes and classes selected by the owner to demonstrate the degquacy of the proposed design, 7.2 Such pipe must mect al of the test and performance requtemenss specified by the owner in accordance with Section 5, 73 Area—In this specification, when the word area is not described by adjectives, such as cross-section or single wire it shall be understood 0 be the eross-setional area of reinforce: tment per unit lengths of pipe 8, Reinforcement 8.1 Circumferential Reinforcement—M line of circumteren: tial reinforcement for any given rua area may be composed of two layer for pipe with wall thicknesses of Tess than 7 in. oF three layers for pipe with wall thicknesses of 7 in. or greater. “The layers shall not be separated by more than the thickness of | ‘one longitudinal plus. in. The mkiple layers shall be fastened together to form a single cage. All other specification requterens sucha lps, welds and tolerances of placement in the wall of the pipe, et. shall apply to this method of fabricating a line of reinforcement 8.11 Where one line of eitcular reinforcement is sed, it shall be placed from 35 to $0 ofthe wall thickness from the inner surface ofthe pipe, except that for wall thicknesses less than 2 in, the protective cover of the concrete over the ‘circumferential reinforcement in the wal of the pipe sll be ¥: 8.1.2 In pipe having two lines of circular reinforcement, each ine shall be so placed thatthe protective covering of ‘concrete over the circumferential reinforcement in the wall of| the pipe shall be 1 in 8.1.3 In pipe having elliptical reinforcement with wall thicknesses 2¥4 in. or greater, the reinforcement inthe wall of the pipe shall be so placed that the protective covering of ‘concrete over the circumferential reinforcement shall be i, from the inner surface of the pipe atthe vertical diameter and Vin, from the outer surface of the pipe at the horizontal liameter. In pipe having elliptical reinforcement with wall thicknesses Tess than 2/4 in. the protective covering of the {cancrte shall be i. a the vertical and horizontal diameters, 8.14 The location of the reinforcement shall be subject 10 the permissible variations in dimensions given in 12.5, 8.15 The spacing center to center of circumferential rein- forcement in cage shall not exceed 4 in. for pipe up to and including pipe having a in. wall thickness nor exceed the ‘wal thickness for large pipe, and shall in no case exceed 6 i, 8.1.6 Where the wal enforcement does not extend into the joint, the maximum longitudinal distance to the las eireumfer the inside shoulder ofthe bell or the shoulder of the ‘Spigot shall be 3 in. excep that if this distance exceeds one-half the wall thickness, the pipe wall shall contain atleast a total reinforcement area of the minimum specified area per linear foot dimes the laying length ofthe pipe section. The minimum ‘cover on the lst circumferential near the spigot shoulder shall be Yi, 8.1.6.1 Where reinforeement is in the bell or spigot the minimum end cover on the lst circumferential shall be Yn inthe bell of Yin. inthe spigot 8.1.7 The continuity of the eircumferetial reinforcing sto! shall not be destroyed during the manufieture of the pipe, except that when agreed upon by the owner, lft eyes or holes, ‘may be provide in each pipe forthe purpose of handling. 8.18 If splices are not welded, the reinforcement shall be lapped not less than 20 diameters for deformed bars and deformed cold-worked wite, and 40 diameters for plain bars and cold-drawn wire. In addition, where lapped cages of Wwelded-wire fabric are used without welding, the lap shall contain a longitudinal wire 8.1.8.1 When splices are welded and are not lapped to the minimum requirements above, pull tests of representative specimens shall develop at Feast 50% of the minimum speci fied strength ofthe ste, and there shall be a minimum lap of 2 in. For butt-welded splices in bars or wire, permitted only ‘with helically wound cages, pall fests of representative speci- mens shall develop at least 75 % of the minimum specified strength of the ste 82 Longitudinal Reinforcement—Each line of cireumferen- tial reinforcement shall be assembled into a cage tht shall, ‘contain sfcient longitudinal bar or members, o maintain the reinforcement in shape and in posiion within he form 10 ‘comply with permissible variations i 8.1. The exposure of the ‘eds of longitudinal, stirups, or spacers that have been use to postion the cages during the placement ofthe concrete sll not be a cate for rejection 83 Joint Reinforcement—The length of the joint 3s used herein means the inside Tength of the bel or the ouside length ‘ofthe spigot from the shoulder tothe end of the pipe section, ‘The end distances or cover on the end circumferential shall apply to any point onthe ctcumference of the pipe oF joint, ‘When convolited reinforcement is used, these distances and reinforeement areas shall be taken from the points on the ccnvolutions closest fo the end of the pipe section. Unless@p 76-08 [None 1—The ttl enfromt aes (ASD ofthe inner cage plus he qa mat n Quran an sal ote ess han tha pct or the nme age i Tables 15 "Nome 2-—The tll enforcement re Aso ofthe oar age pls the quan ma nQuaeants d's mob ls th ha pct lor Nore 3—The enforcement ea (A's of he anes cage in Quai 2 and sal be nt lee than 255 of tht seed forte ln can “ahs 13 "Nome 4 The reinforcement are (A's) f the cater age in Quan Note 5H he reiforcement area (Asa) of the oe age i Qua Jans 1 oF 2s ess than 30 of hat pei for he outer cage i Tables TS. the quadrant mts use fr he oter cae in Quant 3 and 4 hl ‘xen ito Quran I and 20 estan snes al 4 he wal FIG. 1 Quadrant Reinforcement ‘otherwise permitted by the owner, the following requirements for joint reinforcement shall apply 83.1 Joint Reinjorcement for Now Rubber Gasker Joints: 83.1.1 For pipe 36 in. and larger in diameter, either the ‘or spigot shall contain circumferential reinforcement. This reinforcement shall be an extension ofa wall cage, or may be 8 separate cage of at least the area per foot ofthat specified for the outer cage or one-half ofthat specified for single cage wall reinforcement, whichever is less 83.1.2 Where bells or spigots require reinforcement, the maximum end cover on the last ctcanferential shall be ‘one-half the Tength ofthe join oF 3 in, whichever is less. 83.2 Joint Reinjorcement for Rubber Gasket Joins: 829.1 For nine 19 ian lamer in dlinmter the hell ends stl contain “ecurnfcrental reinforcement TM eines ‘ment shll be an extension ofthe outer cage ofa single wall ‘cage, whichever is less, ormay bea separate cage of atleast the Same area per foot with longituinals as requited in 8.2. IF a Separate cage is used, the cag shall extend into the pipe with the last circumferential wine atleast one in. past the inside shoulder where the pipe barrel meets the bell of the jin. 83.2.2 Where bells require reinforcement, the maximum ‘end cover om the lst circumferential shall be 2 in 9. Joints ‘9.1 The joints shall be of such design and the ends of the ‘concrete pipe sections so formed that the pipe can be laid together to make a continuous line of pipe compatible with the permissible variations given in Section 12, 10. Manufacture 10.1 Mirure—The aggregates shall be sized, graded, pro- portioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitious Iatrials and water as will produce & homogeneous concrete mixture of such quality tha the pipe will conform to the test and design requirements of this specification, All concrete shall have a watercementtious materials ratio not exceeding 0:53, bay sight, Cementitious materials shall be as specified in 6.2 and shall be added tothe mixin proportion no ess than 470 livyd unless mix designs witha lower cementitious materials content demonstrate thatthe quality and performance of the pipe meet the requirements of this specification. 10.2 Curing—Pipe shall be subjected to any one of the methods of curing described in 1021 to 10.24 or to any other method or combination of methods approved by the owner, that ‘ill give satisfactory results. The pipe shall be cured for a ‘Sfirient length ime that the serif Poa i snd when acceptance is based on 5.1.1 OF so thatthe conrete will develop the specified compressive strength at 28 days or less ‘when acceptance is based on 5.1.2 10.21 Steam Curing—Pipe may be placed in a curing chamber, fee of outside dais, and eure in a moist atmo: sphere maintained by the injection of steam for such time and such temperature as may be needed to enable the pipe to meet the strength requirements. The curing chamber shall be 0 constructed as (9 allow full circulation of steam around the entire pipe. 10.22 Water Curing—Concrete pipe may be watercured by covering with water saturated material oF by a system of| perforated pipes. mechanical sprinklers, porous hose, or by any ‘ther approsed method that wil keep the pipe moist during the specified curing period 102.3 The manufacturer may, at his option, combine the methods described in 10.2.1 t 10.2.4 provided the required concrete compressive strength is attained. 10.2.4” Asealing membrane conforming tothe requirements of Specification C 309 may be applied and shouldbe left intact ntl the required strength requirements ate met. The concrete atthe time of application shall be within 10°F of the atmo: spheric temperate. All surfaces shall be kept most prior to the appliation ofthe compounds and shall be damp when the compound is applied 1, Physical Requirements LI Test Specimenc—The specified number of pipe re sqired for the tess shall be farished without charge By the ‘manufacturer and shal be selected at random by the owner and shall be pipe that would not otherwise be rejected under this specification, The selection shall he made atthe point or pots ‘esignated by the owner when placing the ond. M12 Number and Type of est Required for Various Delivery SchedulesOuter Circular Cage Etipticat Cage ner Circular Cope [Nore 1 The total reinforcement ro the ine itl age a he elit age hl ot ees than hat spel forthe ier agen Tables 1S Fi. 2 Tple Cage Reinforcement 112.1 Preliminary Tests for Extended Delivery Schedules—An ovsner of pipe, whose needs require shipments at intervals over extended periods of time, shall be entitled to such tests, preliminary to delivery of pipe, as are required by the type of basis of acceptance specified by the owner in Section 5, of not more than tree sections of pipe covering each Size in which he is imerested 11.22 Additional Tests—After the preliminary tests de scribed in 11.2.1, owner shall be entitled to additional tests at such dimes as the owner may deem necessary, provided that the total number of pipe tested (including preliminary tests) shall not exceed one pipe oF 1 %, whichever isthe greater, of cach sizeof pipe delivered. 11.3 Ewemal Load Crushing Sirengit 113.1 The loa to produce a 0.01-in. crack or the ultimate load. as determined by the three-edge-bearing method as described in the Test Methods C 4 shall be not less than that prescribed in Tables -5 foreach respective elas of pipe. Pipe that support the presribed load to produce the 0.01 in, crack and do not show a wider crack shall be considered to have met that test requirement. Its nota requirement ofthis specifeu- tion thatthe pipe be eracked of loaded to failure daring these tests, Pipe that have been tested only to the formation of a (0.01-in. crack and that meet the .01-in. erack load require ments shall be secepted for use. Three-edge-bearing test (0 ulate load is not required for any class of pipe 60 in, ores in diameter listed in Tables 1-5 provided all other requirements ‘ofthis specification are met Nowe 3—As used i this specification, the 001i. crack is a est citron for pipe tested inthe tre-edge bearing est an is ot nen {¥ indicaon of oversee led pipe der ntl conn, 1132 Retests of Pipe Not Meeting the Exteral Load Crushing Strength Requirements—Pipe shall be considered as meeting the strength requirements when all test specimens ‘confor to the strength requirements. Should any of the test specimens fil to meet the strength requirements, the manufac- rer shall be allowed a retest on to aditional specimens for ‘each specimen tht failed, andthe pipe shall be acceptable ony ‘when all ofthe retest specimens mect the strength req CONCRETE TESTING LLA Type of Specimen— Compression tess determining ‘concrete compressive strength may be made on cither standard rode concrete eylinders or conerete cylinders compacted and ‘ured in like manner as the pipe. or on cores drilled from the Pine ILS Compression Testing of Colinders 115.1 Cylinder Produetion—Cylinders shall be prepared, ‘cured und tested in accordance with Seetion IT of Test Methods C497, 1152 Number of Cslinders—Prepare no fewer than five test cylinders from a group (one day’s production) of pipe 115.3 Acceptability on the Basis of Cylinder Test Results: 1153.1 When the compressive strengths of all cylinders, tested for a group are equal to or greater than the required ‘conereiesirength, the compressive srength of concrete in the troup of pipe sections shall be accepted, 1153.2 When the average compressive strength of al «ylinders tested is equal to or greater than te required concrete strength, and not more than 10% of the eylinders tested have 4 compressive strength less than the required conerete strength, land no eylinder tested has a compressive strength less than 180 % of the required concrete strength, then the group shall be accepted, eAlp 76-08 1153.3 When the compressive strength of the eslinders tested does not confon to the acceptance eriteria stated in ILS3.1 oF 115.32, the acceptability of the group shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of 116 11.6 Compression Testing of Cores: 11.6.1 Obtaining Cores—Cores shall be obtained and pre- pared in socordance with Section 6 of Test Methods C497 1.6.2 Number of Cores—One core shall be taken from a pipe section seleted at random from each day's production run fof single conerete strength U7 Acceptability on the Basis of Core Test Resuls: 1.7.1 When the compressive stength of a core tested for rou of pipe sections is equal to or greater than the required fencrete strength, the compressive strength of the concrete for the group is aceptabl, 1.7.2 If the compressive strength of the core teste is less than the required conerete strength, two additonal cores shall be taken from that pipe section and tested. Conerete repre sented by these three core tests shall be considered acceptable ifs (1) the average ofthe three re strengths is equal to at least 85 ofthe required stength and (2) no single coe sss than 156 of the required strength, 11.7.3 If the compressive strength of the dree cores does ‘not meet the requirements of 11.72, the pipe from which the cores were taken sll be rejected. Two pipe sections from the remainder of the group shall be selected at random and cored and tested for conformance with either 11.7.1 oF 11.7.2. IFbath pipe sections meet the core strength requirements of either 11-7. or 117.2, the remainder ofthe group shal be acceptable 1 both pipe do not meet the test strength requirement, the remainder of the group shal be ether rejected of, a the option of the manufacturer, each pipe section ofthe remaining group Shall be cored and accepted individually and any of the pipe Sections that have core strengths less than the requirements of | T.T.L or 11.7.2 shall be rejected LL8 Plugging Core Holes—Core holes shall be plugged and sealed by the manufacturer in a manner such thatthe pipe Section will mect all of the requirements ofthis specitietion, Pipe sections s0 plugged and scaled shall be considered satisfactory for use. 1.9 Absorption —The absorption of sample from the wall ofthe pipe, as determined in accordance with Test Methods (C497, shall not exceed 9 % ofthe dry mas for Method A or 856 for Method B. Each Method sample shall have a ‘minimum mass of 1.0 kg, shall be free of visible cracks, and sll represent the fll Wall thickness of the pipe. When the initial absorption sample from a pipe fails to conform to this specitiation, the absorption test shall be made on anosher sample from the same pipe and the results of the retest shall be Substituted for the original est results H.10 Retests of Pipe—When not more than 20 % of the concrete specimens fail t© pass the requirements of this, speciation, the manufacturer may cull the project stock and ‘may eliminate whatever quantity of pipe desired and shall mark thote pipe so that they will not be shipped. The required tess shall Be mad on the balance ofthe oder and the pipe shall be accepted if they conform tothe requirements ofthis specitica- 111 Test Equipmens— Every manufacturer furnishing pipe ‘under this specification shal rsh all facilities and personnel necessary to carry out the tess described in Test Methods C497 12, Permissible Variations 121 Internal Diameter—The internal diameter of 12-n through 24, pipe shall not vary by more than 2 % of the design diameter for 12-n. pipe and 1.5 % for 24in, pipe with imermediate sizes variation being & linear scale heen 2% and 15 The internal diameter of sizes 27-in, anlage shall ‘ot vary by more than 5 ofthe design diameter or Yin, ‘whichever is preater. These diameter requirements are based on the average of four diameter measurements ata distance of 12 in. from the end of the bell or spigot ofthe pipe. Diameter ‘eriicaton shall be made on the numberof pipe selected for test por Section I 12.2 Wall Thickness—The wall thickness shall not vary ‘more than shown inthe design or specified wall by more than "5° or Yis in, whichever is greater. A specified wall thickness more than required in the design is not cause for rejection. Pipe having localized variations in wall thickness exoeeding those specified above shall be accepted if the {ree-edge-bearing Stength and minimum steel cover requte- 123 Length of Two Opposite Sides—Nariations in the ly ing length of 190 opposite sides ofthe pipe shall not he more than M4 in, for al Sizes through 24n, intemal diameter, and not more than int fr all sizes larger with 3 maximum of Shin in any length of pipe though Sin, intemal diameter, anda maximum of % in. for 90. itera diameter of larger ‘except where beveled end ppe for aying on curves specie by the owner. 124 Length of Pipe—The underran in length ofa section of pipe shall not be more than int with a maximum of in Inany length of pipe. Regardless ofthe underrun or overeun in any section of the pipe, the end cover requirements of Sections ‘and 12 shall apply. 125 Position or Area of Reinforcement: 1253.1 Position—The maximum variation in the postion of te reinforcement shall be 10 % ofthe wall thickness of / in, whichever is greater. Pipe having variations in the position ofthe reinforcement exceeding those specified above shall be accepted if the three-edge-bearing stength requirements ob- tained on a representative specimen are met. In. n0 case, however, shall the eover over the circumferential reinforce- iment be less than in. as measured to te en ofthe spigot oF Yin. as measured to any other surface. The preceding minimum cove imitations do not apaly to matin surfaces of nonmlber pasket joints or gasket grooves in rubber Basket, joints, TF convoluied reinforeement is used, the convoluted Circumferential end wire may beat the end srface of the join providing the alternate convoltions have at last 1 in. cover from the end surface of the joint 125.2 Area of Reinforcement—Reinforcement willbe con sidered as meeting the design requirement if th area, com- pated on the basis of nominal area ofthe wire bars used, xual or exeeeds the requiements of 7.1 or 7.2, Actual area of the reinforcing used may vary fom the nominal area seconding@p 76-08 to permissible variations ofthe standart specifications forthe reinforcing. When inner cage and outer cage reinforeing is tse, the inner cage nominal area may vary to the lowe limit ‘of 85 % of the eliptical nominal area and the outer cage nominal area may vary to the lower limit of $1 % of the ellipieal nominal area provided that the total nominal area of the inner cage plus the outer cage shall not vary beyond the Tower limit of 140 of the elliptical nominal area 13, Repairs 13.1 Pipe may be repaired, if necessary, because of imper- fections in manufacture or damage during handling and will be acceptable if, in the opinion of the owner, the repaired pipe conforms to the requirements of this specification 14, Inspection 14.1 The quality of materials, the process of manufacture, and the finished pipe shall Be subject to inspection and approval by the owner. 1S, Rejection 15.1 Pipe shall be subject to rejection om account of failure to conform to any of the specification requirements. Individual sections of pipe may be rejected because of any of the following TIS.LT Fractures or cracks passing through the wall, except for a single end crack that does not exceed the depth of the joint, 15.1.2 Defects that indicate proporioning, mixing, and ‘molding ot in. compliance with 10.1 or surface defects indicating honeycombed or open texture that would adversly lect the fanetion of the pipe 15.13 The ends of the pipe are not normal to the walls and contr line ofthe pipe, within the limits of variations given in 123 and 124, 15.1.4 Damaged or racked ends where such damage would prevent making a satsfctory join, 15.1.5 Any continuous crak having a surface width of 001 in or more and extending for a length of 12 in. or more regardless of position inthe wall of the pip. 16, Marking 16.1 The following information shall be legibly marked on cach section of pipe 16.1.1 The pipe lass and specication designation, 16.12 The date of manufacture, 16.1.3 The name or trademark of the manufacturer, and 16.14 Identification of plant. 162 One end of each section of pipe with elliptical or ‘quadrant reinforcement shall be clearly marked during the process of manufacturing oF immediately thereafter, on the Inside and the outside of opposite walls along the minor axis oF the reinforcing or slong the vertical axis fr quadrant painted thereon with waterproof paint. 17. Keywords 17.1 circular pipe: culvert; D-load: pipes reinforced eon: crete; sewer pipe; storm deuin AST ruta! ro psn especing he ay of ay pale at asserted n comecn Wi ay em mater ‘nina uno Une ha Sadr ae ees aches ha ctemeaton ah ay sc alert ne ak bier oc oh en Br om ea Cee a es SSL ra ee she omeeme crenata See eka nine aiereecaemer eae ‘estat copii AST etn, 2 Br Harbor ve, PO Box 7, Wee Cnehhocen PA 18408258 ted Sn aca pt ange or rie cape) 0 een ay be sed by conacng AST a th ato ‘sces or at Sodan (or), 61083006 fn) orcomceaacmry femal) or mugy the AST wets fess).